THE HOLOPHANE GLOBE.

1200 per litre. Such a spirit is much to be preferred for medicinal purposes to spirit obtained in a large measure from cereals, since the former contains the ethers of pure wine whence it is distilled. Our examination of these wines afforded no evidence of any sophistication and supports the statement that they are genuine and pure. VIBRONA CHAMPAGNE.

(FLETCHER, FLETCHER, AND Co., HOLLOWAY, N.) The analysis of this wine was as follows: alcohol, by weight 10*08 per cent., by volume 12’49 per cent., equal to proof spirit 21’89 per cent. ; total solid matter, 1-81 per cent. ; mineral matter, 0’13 per cent. ; sugar, 0’13 per cent. ; fixed acids calculated as tartaric acid, 0’87 per cent. ; and volatile acids calculated as acetic acid, 0’0072 per cent. We have not examined a champagne presenting less sugar than is here shown. It is the smallest amount we have ever found in sparkling wines and is practically a negligible quantity. To the palate the wine is exceedingly "dry," just a suspicion only of an added The wine contains 5 grains of bitter being evident. standardised cinchona bark in the form of neutral hydrobromate. This addition in no wise spoils the delicate character of the wine itself, but on the contrary has rather a pleasant effect on the palate. The wine was in perfectly sound condition and possessed, as the analysis also shows, practically no volatile acidity as represented in acetic acid. The sample submitted to us yielded on suitable treatment with solvents the principles of cinchona bark, which occurring in the form of neutral hydrobromate are well tolerated and without the unpleasant effect known as "cinchonism." The wine has a pleasing, delicate, vinous flavour. Its tonic value will be readily conceded from the results of our

he omission of artificial additions. lished the purity of these waters.

Our

analysis

estab-

HOOKER’S MILK WINE.

(THE MILK WINE Co., LIMITED, 9, ARUNDEL-STREET, STRAND, W.C.) The preparation of this wine is based upon correct physiological principles. In it are contained the peptones derived from the careful digestion of the proteids of milk. Accord. ing to our analysis the quantity of peptones was equivalent to 9 grains (dry) peptone in one fluid ounce. Further results of analysis were as follows : alcohol, by weight 15’67 per cent., by volume 19’28 per cent., equal to proof spirit 3379 per cent. ; total solid matters, 11’72 per cent. ; and mineral matters, 0’78 per cent. In regard to the total solid matter and the amount of mineral matter the wine contains the same proportion as milk. The wine has a sherry-like flavour and possesses "body." It is therefore an agreeable stimulant, modified in the very important respect that it contains a notable amount of well-known nutritive and quickly assimilated substances. "REFINED SPARKLING GELATINE." (J. AND G. COX, GORGIE MILLS, EDINBURGH.)

This gelatine yields a clear, excellent jelly when dissolved in hot water and cooled. It is perfectly neutral to the taste and to test-paper. It yields on incineration a white ash which is free from borax and chlorides; the residue, in fact, consists principally of phosphate of lime. The foregoing results afford distinct evidence of the purity of the product. It is therefore well adapted for culinary pur.

poses. OPMUS BREAD AND BISCUITS. AND SON, SKIRBECK ROLLER MILLS, BOSTON,

(JOHN THOMPSON

LINCOLNSHIRE.) The method of preparation of these foods is particularly KRONTHAL WATER. directed towards obtaining the highest possible dietetic (THE KRONTHAL COMPANY, LIMITED, 66, ST. JAMES’S-STREET, S.W.) value afforded by the wheat berry. Accordingly, the proKronthal Water is derived from the Kronthal springs in of portion nitrogenous constituents is satisfactory while the Taunus district, Germany. The waters of the severalai maximum proportion of the valuable mineral constituents character. Thussuch as the springs are not identical in composition and phosphates is retained. The bread proved to the degree and kind of tmineralisation " vary. One spring contain 47’73 per cent. of moisture, 6’30 per cent. of albuyields an alkaline saline water rich in saline matters, another minoids, and nearly 1 per cent. of mineral matter. The a similar water but less saline, another an iron water, ] mineral matter contained an abundance of potassium phosand another a pure effervescing water which is practically In the dried bread the nitrogenous matter would be phate. free from common salt. All the waters are now imported equivalent to 12’05 per cent. The biscuits presented a into this country in bottles, each being distinguished by similar proximate composition, except, of course, that they a differently coloured label. No salt is added at any contain less moisture and an increased proportion of soluble step of the bottling process. We have examined samples carbohydrates. The mineral matter amounted to 1-63 per submitted to us, the first of which was marked with a cent. The flavour is very good and the microscope showed blue and the second with a red label. The analysis of the absence of irritating branny particles. The food value the sample labelled blue was as follows : total mineral of these biscuits is apparent not only on account of the matter 260’40 grains per gallon consisting of 189 grains retention of the nourishing constituents of wheat, but of sodium chloride, 57’40 grains of calcium carbo- because also milk and eggs are used in their preparation. nate, and 14’00 grains of sodium carbonate. A pint of this water possesses an acid corrective power equal The sample of to 14 grains of bicarbonate of soda. The a richer mineral value. water labelled red has matter follows: total mineral results of analysis were as 327’6 grains per gallon, consisting of 266 grains of THE HOLOPHANE GLOBE. sodium chloride, 52’5 grains of calcium carbonate, and corrective carbonate. Its acid 9’1 grains of sodium THE most agreeable as it is the healthiest light is diffused power is equivalent to 12’5 grains of bicarbonate of soda light whether it be from an artificial or natural source. The per pint. Both waters possessed the pleasant soft and impact of a direct ray of light upon the eye leads to injurious delicately saline characters of natural mineral water results in consequence of the constant efforts of the muscles impregnated with its own natural carbonic acid gas. The of accommodation of the eye to ward off harmful excess. waters are of decided merit since they are quite free, as we In spite of the importance of this matter very little regard have found, from any kind of organic impurity and their appears in general to be paid to the kind and character of composition is well adapted to dietetic requirements, the light employed for artificial illumination. Commonly especially as diluents on the table. The addition of a very great excess of light is used and it is concentrated or salt to natural mineral waters containing only a small focussed just upon the area which it is desired to illuminate. is invariably the case where writing and reading are proportion naturally is a very common recourse, which, Such concerned. This is true of all classes of illumination, be however, is unnecessary and superfluous in the present it electricity, gas, or oil. Even when the eyes are shaded instances. This is a point considerably in favour of waters or in the shadows the light reflected upwards is strong and intended for table use since greater purity is guaranteed by very trying. The Holophane globe is constructed to remove

analysis.

New Inventions.

1201 the ordinary defects of most methods of spreading light. It scatters the light uniformly in any required direction and the absorption during transmission is small. With most globes the absorption of light is enormous, varying from 10 per cent. in the case of clear glass to 74 per cent. in the case of painted opal. The construction and action of the Holophane globe will FIG. 1. readily appear from the aiagram. accompanying Fig. 1 is a cross section showing the inside ribbing : and the manner of diffusing the light. Fig. 2 is a vertical section showing the outside ribbing directing the rays. The illuminated globe has a beautiful and soft appearance. Fig. 3 is a sketch of one particular form, but the principle is applied to all shapes and sizes suitable for electric light, gas, or oil. Although it scatters the rays uniformly in all directions, a very high proportion being transmitted, yet there is nothing that is harsh in its effects upon the eye. There are no sharp shadows. The globe may be looked upon without that sense of discomfort experienced when ordinary opal globes or

ground-glass globes

are

similarly viewed. In regard to efficiency the following may be quoted: A 50-candle power Welsbach light covered with a Holophane globe gives in all directions,

clear

glass globe, 84 per light than a ground-glass globe, 169 per cent. more light than an opal glass globe, and 193 per a

best results with the Welsbach mantle. It affords a distinct economy, since so efficiently yet comfortably is the light distributed as to require a reduced number of burners in a

FiG. 3.

given space. For

the electric filament it is not, we venture owing doubtless in this case an incandescent loop instead of a continuous luminous area. For this purpose, however, the spherical globe is the best. With oil lamps the Holophane globe gives excellent results, the illumination being remarkably high, uniform, and subdued in tone. As will be seen, the globe is constructed on well-known optical principles. The globe in reality consists of a series of tiny prisms which gather up and distribute the rays of light in the way they should go, like diffused sunlight, and in accordance with hygienic requirements. The result is a good and uniformly diffused light, healthy, and satisfactory in character. An excellent installation of the Holophane globe may be seen at the show-rooms and offices of the Holophane Company, 91, 93, and 95, Queen Victoria-street,

to think, so well. adapted, to the source of light being

FIG. 2.

from the horizontal to the foot of the light, an average increase of 29 per cent. more light than the bare light, 43 per cent. more light than cent.

cent. more light than a ground-opal glass globe. According to our experience the Holophane globe gives decidedly the

more

E.C.

A NEW OPERATION TABLE.

LOWERING of the bodily temperature, either from shock or loss of blood or other causes, is often a serious complication in cases of injury and requires to be counteracted by

the

direct external application of heat, usually in the form of

material of this double top is zinc, and in order to make it capable of carrying any weight with safety it is strengthened internally by a number of arches. This is said to be the first table ever made whereon the patient can be placed in the Trendelenburg position without loss of heat,

or indiarubber bags containing hot water. In the prolonged surgical operations which some-

tins

times have to be undertaken and which are not unfrequently attended by an alarming amount of collapse it is also desirable to ensure a proper degree of warmth as one of the requisites for maintaining the patient’s strength. For these reasons it is unquestionably an advantage to have in the operating theatre a convenient reservoir of heat possessing an ample extent of surface, which is constantly in contact with the patient without in any way impeding either examination or operative procedures. With a view to fulfil these various requirements Messrs. Arnold and Sons of West Smithfield have made a new form of operation table, to which they give the name of the Reliance operation Its general appeartable. ance is shown in the accom-

panying

illustration.

it is constructed ot iron, enameuea

TheB

white, and the top, which is also enamelled white, is made double for the purpose of

holding

hot water.

for the

principles of its construction are such that at whatangle the top may be placed the water remains in the position required. ever