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The Impact of Endovenous Thermal Ablation on Venous Leg Ulcer Healing
e64
Abstracts
Journal of Vascular Surgery September 2017
Fig. Iliofemoral eversion endarterectomy (IFEE). A, Vertical or oblique groin incision to expose the common femoral artery (CFA) and its bifurcation. Renal vein retractor under inguinal ligament to expose the external iliac artery. B, Transection of CFA at the bifurcation. C, Extended eversion endarterectomy with inferior traction on the endarterectomized plaque, carried up to the CIA bifurcation. D, All-autogenous reconstruction of the CFA bifurcation after endarterectomy. Author Disclosures: G. Sarwal: Nothing to disclose; J. Misskey: Nothing to disclose; J. Reid: Nothing to disclose; R. Sidhu: Nothing to disclose; P. MacDonald: Nothing to disclose.
PAPER SESSION II: TREATMENT OF VENOUS DISEASE The Impact of Endovenous Thermal Ablation on Venous Leg Ulcer Healing Ahmed Kayssi, Homayoun Hashemi, Kapil Gopal, Richard Neville, Dipankar Mukherjee. Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Fairfax, VA Background: The role of endovenous thermal ablation modalities, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the saphenous veins, in the treatment of active venous ulcers remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of endovenous thermal ablation on venous leg ulcer healing. Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out of all patients undergoing RFA at a single institution for active venous leg ulcers in the years 2015 to 2017. Baseline characteristics of the patients, healing rates, and time to healing were assessed. Results: Thirty-seven patients were identified. The majority were male (68%), and the median age was 65 years (range, 33-95 years). All ulcers were refractory to treatment by a wound care specialist, and the median duration of wounds before RFA treatment was 6 months (range, 1-120 months). Venous leg ulcers were present on the left (54%) and right (41%) legs and bilaterally (5%). The great saphenous vein (68%), small saphenous vein (14%), and both great and small saphenous veins (19%) were treated where evidence of reflux was present. Three patients (8%) had undergone previous venous therapies on the affected limb. Complete ulcer healing occurred in 72% of patients, at a median of 2 months after the procedure (range, 0.25-8 months). Conclusions: RFA therapy is beneficial in successfully treating active venous ulcers in some patients. A prospective randomized controlled trial is needed to adequately assess whether this treatment modality should become a standard of care in this population of patients. Author Disclosures: A. Kayssi: Nothing to disclose; H. Hashemi: Nothing to disclose; K. Gopal: Nothing to disclose; R. Neville: Nothing to disclose; D. Mukherjee: Nothing to disclose.
Evaluation of Biomarkers for Predicting Wound Healing in Venous Leg Ulcer Michael Stacey,1,3 Steven Phillips,1 Forough Farrokhyar,1,2 Jillian M. Swaine3,4. 1Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, 2 Ontario, Canada; Department of Health, Evidence, Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 3School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia; 4Institute of Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia Objective: This study looked to examine a panel of biomarkers in healing and nonhealing chronic venous leg ulcers to determine whether a biomarker exists that can accurately predict healing in these wounds.
Methods: Wound area and wound fluid were collected in 42 patients weekly for 14 weeks. Wounds were classified as healing or nonhealing by using three consecutive weekly measurements; the middle time point of three was classified as healing with decreasing wound sizes and as nonhealing with increasing sizes. Wound fluid from each week was then analyzed for a variety of biomarkers using multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: A total of 32 healing time points and 27 nonhealing time points in which wound fluid was available were included in the analysis. Independent t-test of biomarkers in healing and nonhealing wounds demonstrated 13 biomarkers that held a significant difference between healing and nonhealing wounds (P < .1). These markers were then included in a multivariable regression model, in which two biomarkers demonstrated a significant difference between healing and nonhealing wounds (P < .01). Receiver operating curves and optimal cutoff points using Youden J statistic were then used to determine the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of these biomarkers. The first biomarker demonstrated a 92% accuracy in discriminating between healing and nonhealing wounds, and its optimal cutoff value had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 81%. The second biomarker held a 78% accuracy in discriminating between healing and nonhealing wounds, and the optimal cutoff demonstrated a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 61%. Conclusions: Our study has found two biomarkers that can accurately discriminate between healing and nonhealing chronic venous leg ulcers, with one of the biomarkers having >90% predictive accuracy. Author Disclosures: M. Stacey: Pending grant with NIH and previous grant for this project, pending patent application on biomarkers; S. Phillips: Nothing to disclose; F. Farrokhyar: Nothing to disclose; J. Swaine: Nothing to disclose.
Influence of Arterial and Venous Diameters on Autogenous Arteriovenous Access Patency Ramin Hamidizadeh, BSc,1 Jonathan Misskey, MD,1,2 Jason Faulds, MD, MSc,2,3 Jerry Chen, MD, MSc,2,3 Joel Gagnon, MD,2,3 York Hsiang, MB, ChB, MHSc2,3. 1Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; 2Division of Vascular Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada; 3Division of Vascular Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Objective: The autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the standard procedure for patients requiring chronic hemodialysis. To enhance its success, preoperative duplex ultrasound has been used to determine fistula location based on venous and arterial diameters. Previous authors have suggested that a minimum outflow vein diameter (MOVD) and perianastomotic arterial diameter are associated with successful maturation. The goal of this study was to determine anatomic and clinical variables that may influence access patency to guide optimal autogenous access configuration selection. Methods: AVFs created from 2010 to 2016 were analyzed from data entered into a prospective database. Preprocedure duplex ultrasound mapping data of venous and arterial diameters and demographic and clinical variables were collected. Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazards analysis were used to assess patencies and maturation and to identify independent predictors of access failure. Results: There were 535 AVFs were created (median follow-up, 17.0 months; range, 0-73 months). Of these, 265 (49.5%) were radiocephalic, 221 (41.3%) were brachiocephalic, and 49 (9.2%) were brachiobasilic. AVFs with an MOVD <3 mm were associated with inferior primary patencies at 12 months (43% 6 4% vs 54% 6 4%; P ¼ .009) and 36 months (19% 6 4% vs 33% 6 4%) and secondary patencies at 12 months (75% 6 3% vs 91% 6 2%; P < .001) and 36 months (63% 6 4% vs 78% 6 4%; P < .001). Arterial diameter <2 mm for radiocephalic AVFs was associated with impaired maturation at 12 months in diabetics vs nondiabetics (53% 6 9% vs 87% 6 8%), with no differences observed in maturation rates with radial artery diameters >2 mm (84% 6 5% vs 85% 6 4%; P ¼.019). On multivariate regression, MOVD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.23; P ¼ .002), female sex (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.12-2.73), and diabetes (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.00-2.79; P ¼.048) were associated with secondary patency loss. Conclusions: MOVD is strongly predictive of autogenous access patency. Radial artery diameter <2 mm was predictive of radiocephalic AVF failure to mature, but only in diabetic patients. Author Disclosures: R. Hamidizadeh: Nothing to disclose; J. Misskey: Nothing to disclose; J. Faulds: Nothing to disclose; J. Chen: Nothing to disclose; J. Gagnon: Nothing to disclose; Y. Hsiang: Nothing to disclose.
Abstracts
Journal of Vascular Surgery September 2017
Fig. Iliofemoral eversion endarterectomy (IFEE). A, Vertical or oblique groin incision to expose the common femoral artery (CFA) and its bifurcation. Renal vein retractor under inguinal ligament to expose the external iliac artery. B, Transection of CFA at the bifurcation. C, Extended eversion endarterectomy with inferior traction on the endarterectomized plaque, carried up to the CIA bifurcation. D, All-autogenous reconstruction of the CFA bifurcation after endarterectomy. Author Disclosures: G. Sarwal: Nothing to disclose; J. Misskey: Nothing to disclose; J. Reid: Nothing to disclose; R. Sidhu: Nothing to disclose; P. MacDonald: Nothing to disclose.
PAPER SESSION II: TREATMENT OF VENOUS DISEASE The Impact of Endovenous Thermal Ablation on Venous Leg Ulcer Healing Ahmed Kayssi, Homayoun Hashemi, Kapil Gopal, Richard Neville, Dipankar Mukherjee. Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Fairfax, VA Background: The role of endovenous thermal ablation modalities, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the saphenous veins, in the treatment of active venous ulcers remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of endovenous thermal ablation on venous leg ulcer healing. Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out of all patients undergoing RFA at a single institution for active venous leg ulcers in the years 2015 to 2017. Baseline characteristics of the patients, healing rates, and time to healing were assessed. Results: Thirty-seven patients were identified. The majority were male (68%), and the median age was 65 years (range, 33-95 years). All ulcers were refractory to treatment by a wound care specialist, and the median duration of wounds before RFA treatment was 6 months (range, 1-120 months). Venous leg ulcers were present on the left (54%) and right (41%) legs and bilaterally (5%). The great saphenous vein (68%), small saphenous vein (14%), and both great and small saphenous veins (19%) were treated where evidence of reflux was present. Three patients (8%) had undergone previous venous therapies on the affected limb. Complete ulcer healing occurred in 72% of patients, at a median of 2 months after the procedure (range, 0.25-8 months). Conclusions: RFA therapy is beneficial in successfully treating active venous ulcers in some patients. A prospective randomized controlled trial is needed to adequately assess whether this treatment modality should become a standard of care in this population of patients. Author Disclosures: A. Kayssi: Nothing to disclose; H. Hashemi: Nothing to disclose; K. Gopal: Nothing to disclose; R. Neville: Nothing to disclose; D. Mukherjee: Nothing to disclose.
Evaluation of Biomarkers for Predicting Wound Healing in Venous Leg Ulcer Michael Stacey,1,3 Steven Phillips,1 Forough Farrokhyar,1,2 Jillian M. Swaine3,4. 1Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, 2 Ontario, Canada; Department of Health, Evidence, Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 3School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia; 4Institute of Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia Objective: This study looked to examine a panel of biomarkers in healing and nonhealing chronic venous leg ulcers to determine whether a biomarker exists that can accurately predict healing in these wounds.
Methods: Wound area and wound fluid were collected in 42 patients weekly for 14 weeks. Wounds were classified as healing or nonhealing by using three consecutive weekly measurements; the middle time point of three was classified as healing with decreasing wound sizes and as nonhealing with increasing sizes. Wound fluid from each week was then analyzed for a variety of biomarkers using multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: A total of 32 healing time points and 27 nonhealing time points in which wound fluid was available were included in the analysis. Independent t-test of biomarkers in healing and nonhealing wounds demonstrated 13 biomarkers that held a significant difference between healing and nonhealing wounds (P < .1). These markers were then included in a multivariable regression model, in which two biomarkers demonstrated a significant difference between healing and nonhealing wounds (P < .01). Receiver operating curves and optimal cutoff points using Youden J statistic were then used to determine the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of these biomarkers. The first biomarker demonstrated a 92% accuracy in discriminating between healing and nonhealing wounds, and its optimal cutoff value had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 81%. The second biomarker held a 78% accuracy in discriminating between healing and nonhealing wounds, and the optimal cutoff demonstrated a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 61%. Conclusions: Our study has found two biomarkers that can accurately discriminate between healing and nonhealing chronic venous leg ulcers, with one of the biomarkers having >90% predictive accuracy. Author Disclosures: M. Stacey: Pending grant with NIH and previous grant for this project, pending patent application on biomarkers; S. Phillips: Nothing to disclose; F. Farrokhyar: Nothing to disclose; J. Swaine: Nothing to disclose.
Influence of Arterial and Venous Diameters on Autogenous Arteriovenous Access Patency Ramin Hamidizadeh, BSc,1 Jonathan Misskey, MD,1,2 Jason Faulds, MD, MSc,2,3 Jerry Chen, MD, MSc,2,3 Joel Gagnon, MD,2,3 York Hsiang, MB, ChB, MHSc2,3. 1Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; 2Division of Vascular Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada; 3Division of Vascular Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Objective: The autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the standard procedure for patients requiring chronic hemodialysis. To enhance its success, preoperative duplex ultrasound has been used to determine fistula location based on venous and arterial diameters. Previous authors have suggested that a minimum outflow vein diameter (MOVD) and perianastomotic arterial diameter are associated with successful maturation. The goal of this study was to determine anatomic and clinical variables that may influence access patency to guide optimal autogenous access configuration selection. Methods: AVFs created from 2010 to 2016 were analyzed from data entered into a prospective database. Preprocedure duplex ultrasound mapping data of venous and arterial diameters and demographic and clinical variables were collected. Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazards analysis were used to assess patencies and maturation and to identify independent predictors of access failure. Results: There were 535 AVFs were created (median follow-up, 17.0 months; range, 0-73 months). Of these, 265 (49.5%) were radiocephalic, 221 (41.3%) were brachiocephalic, and 49 (9.2%) were brachiobasilic. AVFs with an MOVD <3 mm were associated with inferior primary patencies at 12 months (43% 6 4% vs 54% 6 4%; P ¼ .009) and 36 months (19% 6 4% vs 33% 6 4%) and secondary patencies at 12 months (75% 6 3% vs 91% 6 2%; P < .001) and 36 months (63% 6 4% vs 78% 6 4%; P < .001). Arterial diameter <2 mm for radiocephalic AVFs was associated with impaired maturation at 12 months in diabetics vs nondiabetics (53% 6 9% vs 87% 6 8%), with no differences observed in maturation rates with radial artery diameters >2 mm (84% 6 5% vs 85% 6 4%; P ¼.019). On multivariate regression, MOVD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.23; P ¼ .002), female sex (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.12-2.73), and diabetes (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.00-2.79; P ¼.048) were associated with secondary patency loss. Conclusions: MOVD is strongly predictive of autogenous access patency. Radial artery diameter <2 mm was predictive of radiocephalic AVF failure to mature, but only in diabetic patients. Author Disclosures: R. Hamidizadeh: Nothing to disclose; J. Misskey: Nothing to disclose; J. Faulds: Nothing to disclose; J. Chen: Nothing to disclose; J. Gagnon: Nothing to disclose; Y. Hsiang: Nothing to disclose.