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The importance of macro-tectonics for calculations of workings in the coal mines of Ruhr
Z.DEUTSCH. GEOL. GES. V124, NI, 1973, P195- 207. Geo-photogrsmnetry, lasers and computers give us the knowledge of tectonics. Data processimg are sources of information which can be used in tectonic structure analysi s.
i~6 BARKER, RM VIRGINIA POLYTECH.AND STA_~E UNIV.USA HATTIF VIRGINIA POLY~CH.AND STATE UNIV.USA Joint effects in bedded formation roof control. Symposium; In New Hca~izons in Rock Mechanics. 9F, 2T, 8R. PROC.14TH SYMPOSIT24 ON ROCK MECHANICS, ASCE, NEW YORK, 1973, P247- 261. A finite-element model which includes Joint friction amd cohesion is presented for the analysis of bedded formations. The intact rock in each layer is modelled by a continuum element while a separate joint element is placed between the layers and at possible fracture planes. Under the action of body forces, the beds separate and cracks are sllowed to form for different values of Joint friction and cohesion; The stability of the imnediate roof is examined for a typical mine opening in a bedded deposit; Comparisons are made with analyses that use elementary beam theory and co~nents are made concerning the magnitude of the factors of safety that exist for the roof structures; Auth. 1447 MORFEL~, CO Storage of oil in unlined caverns in different types of rock. Symposium, In New Horizons in Rock Mechanics. 6F, 5R. PROC.14TH SYMPOSIUM ON ROCK MECHANCS, ASCE,NKW YORK,
1973,P4O5-420. 1448 LAUTSCH, H Problem of increasing the knowledge of micro-tectonic surveying in coal mines. In German. 4F,11R. Z.DEUTSCH. GEOL. GES .V124, N1,1973, P233- 238.
1~9 EHRHARDT,W The importance of macro-tectonics fer calculations of workings in the coal mines of Ruhr. In German. 2F,TR. Z. DEb~SCH. GEOL. GES. V124, N1,1973, P209- 216.
Construction methods See also abstracts: 1327,1390,1391,1392,1518,1519,1526.
1450 APUKHTIN, MV B~GER, HB NIKOLAENK% VG Shaft freezing column. SOVIET INVENTIONS IIIUSTRATED.SECT.3.MECH.AND GENERAL, SOVP-374454, U(50 ),1974, P.U6-LU. 1451 OLSON, JJ Hard rook tunnelling, potentials far automation and improved safety through sensor development. Proc. Res. Workshop on Senec~s for Autcmatlon, April 1973. CHARLES STARK DRAPER LABS.NOV.197B,P102-148. This paper identifies emerging technologies for rapid, hard-rock excavation which will require automarion and associated sensor development before these technologies can find practical application in tunnelling and mining.
1452 RAAE3B A/S SULITJELMA GRUBER, N CHRISTO~ ~ ~ S O N , T ~ SS SULITJEI/WA GRUBER, N FINNEIPM SULITJ~ GRUBER, N SulitJelma mines narrow copper are body, operates
mini- sm21ter. 6F, 3T. WORLD MINING, V27, N2, FEB. 1974, P44- 50. The histc~y of the mining operations at Sulitjelma is presented. Open stopes with pillars or raises with crosscuts was the method of mining used until a few years This method was phased out in the mid 1960's in favour of longwalling. Today more than 60 per cent of the production comes from a drift sad pillar method. This method is described in detail. Rock mechanics investigations are reported, the technique for measuring the state of stress in rock masses and the load on pillars being by means of Leeman's three-dimensional cells and doorstoppers. The types of roof bolts in use-both expansion and epoxy types, are described, and the blasting policy, ventilation problems, and surveying equipment sre briefly described. Crushing operations are discussed anl the concentrator and smelter are both fully described. 145B STRATON, JW Underground mining of coal. Annual review for 1973o 1F. MINING ENGIN~ING,AIME,V26,N2,FEB.1974,Pg0-92 . Advances in equipment designed for mining are considerable, Successful roof support jacks and canopies have been added to bolting machines. Shortwall mining has proved successful and new shearer techniques and stable hole machines ~ m i z e tail entry maintenance in lorgwall systems. Other mining systems have proved encouraging, e.g. hydraulic mining in a thick pitching coal seam and hlghwall anger drilling.
1454 MAMEN, C ]%0R% E The Eagle is flying again.-Mining by long hole stoping, and milling operations at this recently re-opened mine in Canada are described. 7F. CAN.MIN. J.MAR. 1974, P38- 39, 45 •
1455 NIELSON, FD COLORADO STATE UNIV.FOET COLLINS,USA Effects of construction practice on the performance of buried culverts-a review. Proc. llth Ann. Symposium Engng.Geol and Soils Engng. Idaho, 1973. 13F, 1T, 5R. IDAHO DEPT. HIGHWAYS, NOV. 1973, P257- 275 • The performance of roadways and pavements over a buried structure as well as the structure itself is affected by construction techniques. The performance of pavements over box culverts with shallc~ fill are very dependent on the soil type and backfill procedures used, If the proper soil type and density are not required and achieved, cracks will form in the pavement surface above the culvert. Procedures and soil proparties are outlined in this paper which will help reduce the cracking in the pavement. Construction procedures are also very important in the installation of concrete and corrugated metal culverts. Lack of proper backfill can cause the load carried by the culvert to be increased significantly. The deflection of corrugated metal pipe is directly related to the soil backfill density. Effects of soil type, density and moisture content are outlined. Auth. 1456 VASII~, ~M Plough extraction of steep protective seams (0.2 to 0.45m). In Russian. UGOL,V49, N1,1974, P26-31. A method of working thin, steep seams as a stress-relieving excercise to prevent outbursts has been developed, using a remotely operated plough. 1457 EVERELL,MD MINEs BR.DEPT°EN.MIN.RESo QUE~C,CDN Performance of raise borers as a function of geology and rock properties. Proc. 8th Canadian Rock Mechanics Symposium, Toronto, Nov. 1972. 3F,3T,19R.
i~6 BARKER, RM VIRGINIA POLYTECH.AND STA_~E UNIV.USA HATTIF VIRGINIA POLY~CH.AND STATE UNIV.USA Joint effects in bedded formation roof control. Symposium; In New Hca~izons in Rock Mechanics. 9F, 2T, 8R. PROC.14TH SYMPOSIT24 ON ROCK MECHANICS, ASCE, NEW YORK, 1973, P247- 261. A finite-element model which includes Joint friction amd cohesion is presented for the analysis of bedded formations. The intact rock in each layer is modelled by a continuum element while a separate joint element is placed between the layers and at possible fracture planes. Under the action of body forces, the beds separate and cracks are sllowed to form for different values of Joint friction and cohesion; The stability of the imnediate roof is examined for a typical mine opening in a bedded deposit; Comparisons are made with analyses that use elementary beam theory and co~nents are made concerning the magnitude of the factors of safety that exist for the roof structures; Auth. 1447 MORFEL~, CO Storage of oil in unlined caverns in different types of rock. Symposium, In New Horizons in Rock Mechanics. 6F, 5R. PROC.14TH SYMPOSIUM ON ROCK MECHANCS, ASCE,NKW YORK,
1973,P4O5-420. 1448 LAUTSCH, H Problem of increasing the knowledge of micro-tectonic surveying in coal mines. In German. 4F,11R. Z.DEUTSCH. GEOL. GES .V124, N1,1973, P233- 238.
1~9 EHRHARDT,W The importance of macro-tectonics fer calculations of workings in the coal mines of Ruhr. In German. 2F,TR. Z. DEb~SCH. GEOL. GES. V124, N1,1973, P209- 216.
Construction methods See also abstracts: 1327,1390,1391,1392,1518,1519,1526.
1450 APUKHTIN, MV B~GER, HB NIKOLAENK% VG Shaft freezing column. SOVIET INVENTIONS IIIUSTRATED.SECT.3.MECH.AND GENERAL, SOVP-374454, U(50 ),1974, P.U6-LU. 1451 OLSON, JJ Hard rook tunnelling, potentials far automation and improved safety through sensor development. Proc. Res. Workshop on Senec~s for Autcmatlon, April 1973. CHARLES STARK DRAPER LABS.NOV.197B,P102-148. This paper identifies emerging technologies for rapid, hard-rock excavation which will require automarion and associated sensor development before these technologies can find practical application in tunnelling and mining.
1452 RAAE3B A/S SULITJELMA GRUBER, N CHRISTO~ ~ ~ S O N , T ~ SS SULITJEI/WA GRUBER, N FINNEIPM SULITJ~ GRUBER, N SulitJelma mines narrow copper are body, operates
mini- sm21ter. 6F, 3T. WORLD MINING, V27, N2, FEB. 1974, P44- 50. The histc~y of the mining operations at Sulitjelma is presented. Open stopes with pillars or raises with crosscuts was the method of mining used until a few years This method was phased out in the mid 1960's in favour of longwalling. Today more than 60 per cent of the production comes from a drift sad pillar method. This method is described in detail. Rock mechanics investigations are reported, the technique for measuring the state of stress in rock masses and the load on pillars being by means of Leeman's three-dimensional cells and doorstoppers. The types of roof bolts in use-both expansion and epoxy types, are described, and the blasting policy, ventilation problems, and surveying equipment sre briefly described. Crushing operations are discussed anl the concentrator and smelter are both fully described. 145B STRATON, JW Underground mining of coal. Annual review for 1973o 1F. MINING ENGIN~ING,AIME,V26,N2,FEB.1974,Pg0-92 . Advances in equipment designed for mining are considerable, Successful roof support jacks and canopies have been added to bolting machines. Shortwall mining has proved successful and new shearer techniques and stable hole machines ~ m i z e tail entry maintenance in lorgwall systems. Other mining systems have proved encouraging, e.g. hydraulic mining in a thick pitching coal seam and hlghwall anger drilling.
1454 MAMEN, C ]%0R% E The Eagle is flying again.-Mining by long hole stoping, and milling operations at this recently re-opened mine in Canada are described. 7F. CAN.MIN. J.MAR. 1974, P38- 39, 45 •
1455 NIELSON, FD COLORADO STATE UNIV.FOET COLLINS,USA Effects of construction practice on the performance of buried culverts-a review. Proc. llth Ann. Symposium Engng.Geol and Soils Engng. Idaho, 1973. 13F, 1T, 5R. IDAHO DEPT. HIGHWAYS, NOV. 1973, P257- 275 • The performance of roadways and pavements over a buried structure as well as the structure itself is affected by construction techniques. The performance of pavements over box culverts with shallc~ fill are very dependent on the soil type and backfill procedures used, If the proper soil type and density are not required and achieved, cracks will form in the pavement surface above the culvert. Procedures and soil proparties are outlined in this paper which will help reduce the cracking in the pavement. Construction procedures are also very important in the installation of concrete and corrugated metal culverts. Lack of proper backfill can cause the load carried by the culvert to be increased significantly. The deflection of corrugated metal pipe is directly related to the soil backfill density. Effects of soil type, density and moisture content are outlined. Auth. 1456 VASII~, ~M Plough extraction of steep protective seams (0.2 to 0.45m). In Russian. UGOL,V49, N1,1974, P26-31. A method of working thin, steep seams as a stress-relieving excercise to prevent outbursts has been developed, using a remotely operated plough. 1457 EVERELL,MD MINEs BR.DEPT°EN.MIN.RESo QUE~C,CDN Performance of raise borers as a function of geology and rock properties. Proc. 8th Canadian Rock Mechanics Symposium, Toronto, Nov. 1972. 3F,3T,19R.