- Email: [email protected]
The industry consolidates
Editorial/Contents
Desalination (a Filtration + Separation publication) Volume 4 Issue 1
Leading the world of filtration
The industry consolidates
Filtration+Separation is covered in the Current Contents®/ Engineering, Computing & Technology (CC®/EC&T) online database and in the Research Alert® current awareness service. Subscriptions A subscription to Filtration+Separation includes 6 printed issues plus the following supplements: Desalination (2), Filter Media (2) and Working with Water (4) and costs: €341 for all European countries & Iran US$382 for all countries except Europe and Japan ¥45,300 for Japan (Prices valid until 31/12/09) Please send payment to: Filtration+Separation Elsevier Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxon, OX5 1GB, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1865 843687 Fax: +44 (0) 1865 834971 / E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.filtsep.com Periodicals postage is paid at Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. Postmaster send all USA address corrections to: Filtration+Separation, 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001, USA Missing issues: Responsibility cannot be accepted by the Publishers after six months. The opinions expressed by individuals in this publication are not necessarily those of Elsevier Ltd, who shall not be held responsible for them. All trademarks acknowledged. ISSN 0015-1882/09 © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by Elsevier Ltd, and the following terms and conditions apply to their use: Photocopying Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Science Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; Tel: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, E-mail: [email protected]. You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier's homepage (http://www.elsevier. com), by selecting 'Obtaining Permissions'. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; Tel: (+1) (978) 7508400, fax: (+1) (978) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; Tel: +44 (0)20 7631 5555; fax: +44 (0)20 7631 5500. Other countries may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments. Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. Electronic Storage or Usage Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this journal, including any article or part of an article. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Global Rights Department, at the mail, fax and e-mail addresses noted above.
This is the fourth year that the Filtration+Separation and World Pumps team have produced a desalination supplement, and it is intriguing to see how the industry has changed. We have moved on from the construction and installation of facilities, through the refinement of processes and reduction of costs, to the improvement of energy efficiency and the public perception of the process. The industry no longer talks about the wonders of desalination in an evangelical way, but tells users how it can be done more efficiently, cleanly and with less environmental impact, with the confidence that desalination is a process that can justify itself when it comes to easing water shortages. This confidence comes around from industry consolidation; a realisation that the market looks good – despite economic turmoil; and the ongoing demand for clean water. Consolidation not only of companies involved in the industry, but of the technology itself. The previous issue of Desalination focussed on efficiency, while this issue looks at further refining the process to reduce environmental damage, particularly looking at pre-treatment processes. Our lead article confirms the importance of reducing brine wastewater, and elsewhere in the issue we compare conventional and membrane filtration as pre-treatment options. We consider the use of ultrafiltration on seawater and also look at the ways the whole life cost can be reduced for London’s Thames Gateway desalination plant. We also include the latest business and technology news. We hope you enjoy the issue. Regards,
Contents
Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/ or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. Free circulation enquiries Tower House, Sovereign Park, Market Harborough, Leicestershire LE16 9EF Tel: 01858 439612 Fax: 01858 434958 E-mail: [email protected] Filtration+Separation is a member of BPA Worldwide, the leading world auditor of business publications. Journal Number: 02127
10 14
5 Selecting a pre-treatment system
Reducing brine wastewater
17
Using ultrafiltration
23
Printed by: Headley Brothers Ltd, UK.
20 Rapid gravity filtration
contact:
Reducing whole life cost
ELSEVIER LTD PO Box 150, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1AS, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973.
Editor Nova Dudley-Gough Tel: +31 20 485 2145 E-mail: [email protected]
Key Accounts Manager Bart Crabbé Tel: +44 (0) 207 424 43 62 E-mail: [email protected]
Assistant Editor Liz Nickels Tel: +44 (0)1865 843914 E-mail: [email protected]
Sales Manager Sally Pye (France, Italy, Spain, S. America, Switzerland, Benelux, ROW): Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843081 E-mail: [email protected]
Using low pressure membranes
www.filtsep.com
Sales Manager Peter Morgan (Austria, Germany, Eastern Europe, UK/Ireland, Scandinavia, USA/Canada): Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843646 E-mail: [email protected] Advertising copy Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843819 E-mail: [email protected]
Commercial Director & Publisher Laurence Zipson Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843685 E-mail: [email protected] Production/Design Controller Russell Purdy
1
Desalination (a Filtration + Separation publication) Volume 4 Issue 1
Leading the world of filtration
The industry consolidates
Filtration+Separation is covered in the Current Contents®/ Engineering, Computing & Technology (CC®/EC&T) online database and in the Research Alert® current awareness service. Subscriptions A subscription to Filtration+Separation includes 6 printed issues plus the following supplements: Desalination (2), Filter Media (2) and Working with Water (4) and costs: €341 for all European countries & Iran US$382 for all countries except Europe and Japan ¥45,300 for Japan (Prices valid until 31/12/09) Please send payment to: Filtration+Separation Elsevier Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxon, OX5 1GB, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1865 843687 Fax: +44 (0) 1865 834971 / E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.filtsep.com Periodicals postage is paid at Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. Postmaster send all USA address corrections to: Filtration+Separation, 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001, USA Missing issues: Responsibility cannot be accepted by the Publishers after six months. The opinions expressed by individuals in this publication are not necessarily those of Elsevier Ltd, who shall not be held responsible for them. All trademarks acknowledged. ISSN 0015-1882/09 © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by Elsevier Ltd, and the following terms and conditions apply to their use: Photocopying Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Science Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; Tel: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, E-mail: [email protected]. You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier's homepage (http://www.elsevier. com), by selecting 'Obtaining Permissions'. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; Tel: (+1) (978) 7508400, fax: (+1) (978) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; Tel: +44 (0)20 7631 5555; fax: +44 (0)20 7631 5500. Other countries may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments. Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. Electronic Storage or Usage Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this journal, including any article or part of an article. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Global Rights Department, at the mail, fax and e-mail addresses noted above.
This is the fourth year that the Filtration+Separation and World Pumps team have produced a desalination supplement, and it is intriguing to see how the industry has changed. We have moved on from the construction and installation of facilities, through the refinement of processes and reduction of costs, to the improvement of energy efficiency and the public perception of the process. The industry no longer talks about the wonders of desalination in an evangelical way, but tells users how it can be done more efficiently, cleanly and with less environmental impact, with the confidence that desalination is a process that can justify itself when it comes to easing water shortages. This confidence comes around from industry consolidation; a realisation that the market looks good – despite economic turmoil; and the ongoing demand for clean water. Consolidation not only of companies involved in the industry, but of the technology itself. The previous issue of Desalination focussed on efficiency, while this issue looks at further refining the process to reduce environmental damage, particularly looking at pre-treatment processes. Our lead article confirms the importance of reducing brine wastewater, and elsewhere in the issue we compare conventional and membrane filtration as pre-treatment options. We consider the use of ultrafiltration on seawater and also look at the ways the whole life cost can be reduced for London’s Thames Gateway desalination plant. We also include the latest business and technology news. We hope you enjoy the issue. Regards,
Contents
Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/ or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. Free circulation enquiries Tower House, Sovereign Park, Market Harborough, Leicestershire LE16 9EF Tel: 01858 439612 Fax: 01858 434958 E-mail: [email protected] Filtration+Separation is a member of BPA Worldwide, the leading world auditor of business publications. Journal Number: 02127
10 14
5 Selecting a pre-treatment system
Reducing brine wastewater
17
Using ultrafiltration
23
Printed by: Headley Brothers Ltd, UK.
20 Rapid gravity filtration
contact:
Reducing whole life cost
ELSEVIER LTD PO Box 150, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1AS, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973.
Editor Nova Dudley-Gough Tel: +31 20 485 2145 E-mail: [email protected]
Key Accounts Manager Bart Crabbé Tel: +44 (0) 207 424 43 62 E-mail: [email protected]
Assistant Editor Liz Nickels Tel: +44 (0)1865 843914 E-mail: [email protected]
Sales Manager Sally Pye (France, Italy, Spain, S. America, Switzerland, Benelux, ROW): Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843081 E-mail: [email protected]
Using low pressure membranes
www.filtsep.com
Sales Manager Peter Morgan (Austria, Germany, Eastern Europe, UK/Ireland, Scandinavia, USA/Canada): Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843646 E-mail: [email protected] Advertising copy Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843819 E-mail: [email protected]
Commercial Director & Publisher Laurence Zipson Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843685 E-mail: [email protected] Production/Design Controller Russell Purdy
1