- Email: [email protected]
The influence of eating and taste detection on food reinforcement
Abstracts / Appetite 54 (2010) 631–683
643
Maternal obesity and programmed offspring hyperphagia M. DESAI ∗ , C. GUBERMAN, M.G. ROSS Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
The influence of eating and taste detection on food reinforcement A.M. DEWEY ∗ , J.L. TEMPLE University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
In parallel with the population-wide obesity epidemic, there has been a marked increase in mean maternal body weight and increased incidence of obesity during pregnancy. Although mean newborn weight has not changed, the potential exists for programming of offspring orexigenic regulation as a result of the altered pregnancy and lactation nutrient environment. We determined whether exposure to maternal obesity and high fat (HF) diet causes offspring hyperphagia. Weanling female rats were fed a HF (60% k/cal) or Control (10% k/cal) diet. At 11 weeks of age, rats were mated and continued on their respective diets during pregnancy and lactation. Newborns were nursed by the same dam and weaned to normal fat diet. Though HF males had similar body weights as the Controls (7.4 ± 0.2 g vs. 7.3 ± 0.1 g), they had significantly increased body weight (73 ±3 g vs. 56 ± 2 g) by the end of nursing period (3 weeks). Following weaning, HF males showed rapid weight gain in conjunction with significantly increased food intake. Thus, maternal obesity and HF diet during pregnancy and nursing periods predisposes offspring to programmed hyperphagia and adult obesity. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.057
The reinforcing value of food plays a role in energy intake. The purpose of this study was to determine how food intake and taste detection thresholds affect food reinforcement in adults. During one visit, taste detection thresholds were measured. On the next two visits, participants completed a computer based food reinforcement task to earn points toward portions of a highly liked snack food. During one visit, participants were instructed that the 100 kcal portion of food had to be eaten immediately after it was earned. On the other visit, participants earned as much food as they wanted and were instructed to wait until the end of the experiment to consume it. The order of these conditions was counterbalanced. There was a main effect of condition on food reinforcement, with reduced food reinforcement when eating occurred during the experiment. There was also an interaction between condition and BMI with overweight participants showing larger difference between the conditions when compared to lean participants. For taste detection thresholds, there were main effects of quinine and sucrose detection on food reinforcement, with higher detection thresholds associated with greater food reinforcement. There were also interactions between detection thresholds and BMI, with overweight individuals with high detection thresholds showing the highest level of food reinforcement for both quinine and sucrose. When taken together, these data suggest that feedback from acute food intake as well as taste detection can play a role in the reinforcing value of food. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.059
Maternal obesity and increased risk of offspring metabolic syndrome M. DESAI ∗ , C. GUBERMAN, M.G. ROSS Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA Exposure to either under- or over-nutrition in early life increases the risk of adult obesity. Offspring born to mothers with a high body mass index show increased adipose tissue mass, and obesity and diabetes risk in later life. As the prevalence of obesity among pregnant women continues to rise, increasing number of children are exposed to an ‘obese intrauterine environment’ during development. We determined whether exposure to maternal obesity increases the risk of obesity in the offspring. Weanling female rats were fed a high fat (HF: 60% k/cal) or Control (10% k/cal) diet. At 11 weeks of age, rats were mated and continued on their respective diets during pregnancy and lactation. Newborns were nursed by the same dam. At 1 day of age, HF males had similar body weights as the Controls (7.4 ± 0.2 g vs. 7.3 ± 0.1 g) with notably decreased plasma leptin levels (2.1 ± 0.5 ng/ml vs. 4.9 ± 0.9 ng/ml, p < 0.01). At 3 weeks of age, HF males exhibited accelerated growth, resulting in significantly increased body weight (73 ± 3 g vs. 56 ± 2 g) and body fat (12.6 ± 1.2% vs. 6.4 ± 1.0%) with decreased lean body mass (85.5 ± 1.3% vs. 91.6 ± 1.0%). Further, blood glucose (131 ± 6 mg/dl vs. 96 ± 7 mg/dl) and plasma leptin (3.9 ± 0.5 ng/ml vs. 1.3 ± 0.2 ng/ml) and triglycerides (103 ± 12 mg/dl vs. 68 ± 8 mg/dl) levels were significantly elevated. Despite no differences in body weights at birth, offspring of obese dams when nursed by obese dams, showed marked increased body weight, adiposity and metabolic abnormalities. These findings suggest that maternal obesity during critical period of development may increase the susceptibility of the offspring to obesity. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.058
Interaction between food deprivation and access to food period on eating behavior F. DIAZ ∗ , K. FRANCO, A. LóPEZ-ESPINOZA, A.G. MARTíNEZ, V. AGUILERA, E. VALDéS, K. GARCíA, L. NAVARRO Centro De Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario Y Nutrición, Guzman, Mexico The purpose of the present study was to explore the interaction between food deprivation and access to food period on intake pattern in rats. Regarding that both variables are present in any episode of food intake, it is necessary to explore their effect on magnitude intake. A factorial design 2 × 2, food deprivation (ascending and descending order) and access to food period (short and long) was implemented using 24 rats. Groups of three subjects were exposed to a different combination of both variables. Before and after all experimental conditions rats had free access to food and water. Every experimental condition was implemented during 15 days while a 12-h light–dark cycle was maintained. Mean food consumed were 13.87 (SD = 1.94) for short ascending; 14.88 (SD = 1.78) for short descending; 12.1 (SD = 3.26) for long ascending; and 11.78 (SD = 3.97) for long descending. Food deprivation and access to food period interaction was significant for total intake (F = 4.70, p < .05). Post hoc test using Tukey HSD indicated that short descending group consumed more food than any other group. These findings support the idea that the interaction of both variables modulates the intake pattern and evidence the necessity to include both variables in future studies about eating behavior. Supported by PROMEP 103.5/09/3912. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.060
643
Maternal obesity and programmed offspring hyperphagia M. DESAI ∗ , C. GUBERMAN, M.G. ROSS Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
The influence of eating and taste detection on food reinforcement A.M. DEWEY ∗ , J.L. TEMPLE University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
In parallel with the population-wide obesity epidemic, there has been a marked increase in mean maternal body weight and increased incidence of obesity during pregnancy. Although mean newborn weight has not changed, the potential exists for programming of offspring orexigenic regulation as a result of the altered pregnancy and lactation nutrient environment. We determined whether exposure to maternal obesity and high fat (HF) diet causes offspring hyperphagia. Weanling female rats were fed a HF (60% k/cal) or Control (10% k/cal) diet. At 11 weeks of age, rats were mated and continued on their respective diets during pregnancy and lactation. Newborns were nursed by the same dam and weaned to normal fat diet. Though HF males had similar body weights as the Controls (7.4 ± 0.2 g vs. 7.3 ± 0.1 g), they had significantly increased body weight (73 ±3 g vs. 56 ± 2 g) by the end of nursing period (3 weeks). Following weaning, HF males showed rapid weight gain in conjunction with significantly increased food intake. Thus, maternal obesity and HF diet during pregnancy and nursing periods predisposes offspring to programmed hyperphagia and adult obesity. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.057
The reinforcing value of food plays a role in energy intake. The purpose of this study was to determine how food intake and taste detection thresholds affect food reinforcement in adults. During one visit, taste detection thresholds were measured. On the next two visits, participants completed a computer based food reinforcement task to earn points toward portions of a highly liked snack food. During one visit, participants were instructed that the 100 kcal portion of food had to be eaten immediately after it was earned. On the other visit, participants earned as much food as they wanted and were instructed to wait until the end of the experiment to consume it. The order of these conditions was counterbalanced. There was a main effect of condition on food reinforcement, with reduced food reinforcement when eating occurred during the experiment. There was also an interaction between condition and BMI with overweight participants showing larger difference between the conditions when compared to lean participants. For taste detection thresholds, there were main effects of quinine and sucrose detection on food reinforcement, with higher detection thresholds associated with greater food reinforcement. There were also interactions between detection thresholds and BMI, with overweight individuals with high detection thresholds showing the highest level of food reinforcement for both quinine and sucrose. When taken together, these data suggest that feedback from acute food intake as well as taste detection can play a role in the reinforcing value of food. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.059
Maternal obesity and increased risk of offspring metabolic syndrome M. DESAI ∗ , C. GUBERMAN, M.G. ROSS Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA Exposure to either under- or over-nutrition in early life increases the risk of adult obesity. Offspring born to mothers with a high body mass index show increased adipose tissue mass, and obesity and diabetes risk in later life. As the prevalence of obesity among pregnant women continues to rise, increasing number of children are exposed to an ‘obese intrauterine environment’ during development. We determined whether exposure to maternal obesity increases the risk of obesity in the offspring. Weanling female rats were fed a high fat (HF: 60% k/cal) or Control (10% k/cal) diet. At 11 weeks of age, rats were mated and continued on their respective diets during pregnancy and lactation. Newborns were nursed by the same dam. At 1 day of age, HF males had similar body weights as the Controls (7.4 ± 0.2 g vs. 7.3 ± 0.1 g) with notably decreased plasma leptin levels (2.1 ± 0.5 ng/ml vs. 4.9 ± 0.9 ng/ml, p < 0.01). At 3 weeks of age, HF males exhibited accelerated growth, resulting in significantly increased body weight (73 ± 3 g vs. 56 ± 2 g) and body fat (12.6 ± 1.2% vs. 6.4 ± 1.0%) with decreased lean body mass (85.5 ± 1.3% vs. 91.6 ± 1.0%). Further, blood glucose (131 ± 6 mg/dl vs. 96 ± 7 mg/dl) and plasma leptin (3.9 ± 0.5 ng/ml vs. 1.3 ± 0.2 ng/ml) and triglycerides (103 ± 12 mg/dl vs. 68 ± 8 mg/dl) levels were significantly elevated. Despite no differences in body weights at birth, offspring of obese dams when nursed by obese dams, showed marked increased body weight, adiposity and metabolic abnormalities. These findings suggest that maternal obesity during critical period of development may increase the susceptibility of the offspring to obesity. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.058
Interaction between food deprivation and access to food period on eating behavior F. DIAZ ∗ , K. FRANCO, A. LóPEZ-ESPINOZA, A.G. MARTíNEZ, V. AGUILERA, E. VALDéS, K. GARCíA, L. NAVARRO Centro De Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario Y Nutrición, Guzman, Mexico The purpose of the present study was to explore the interaction between food deprivation and access to food period on intake pattern in rats. Regarding that both variables are present in any episode of food intake, it is necessary to explore their effect on magnitude intake. A factorial design 2 × 2, food deprivation (ascending and descending order) and access to food period (short and long) was implemented using 24 rats. Groups of three subjects were exposed to a different combination of both variables. Before and after all experimental conditions rats had free access to food and water. Every experimental condition was implemented during 15 days while a 12-h light–dark cycle was maintained. Mean food consumed were 13.87 (SD = 1.94) for short ascending; 14.88 (SD = 1.78) for short descending; 12.1 (SD = 3.26) for long ascending; and 11.78 (SD = 3.97) for long descending. Food deprivation and access to food period interaction was significant for total intake (F = 4.70, p < .05). Post hoc test using Tukey HSD indicated that short descending group consumed more food than any other group. These findings support the idea that the interaction of both variables modulates the intake pattern and evidence the necessity to include both variables in future studies about eating behavior. Supported by PROMEP 103.5/09/3912. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.060