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The influence of experimental sewage pollution on lagoon phytoplankton
OLR (1984) 31 (12)
E. Biological Oceanography
A. purpuriferum has tetrasporangia formation which is influenced by daylength, suggesting a relationship between the daylength perception mechanism and photosynthesis. Analyses of photosynthetic pigments showed there was little variation over a range of daylength conditions (4-12 h) and irradiance levels (photon flux densities 2.5-80 panol/m 2 s J). However, both irradiance and daylength history influence the shape of the photosynthesis-irradiance curve. 'The role of photosynthesis in the irradiance-dependency of the short day response in tetrasporogenesis was evaluated.' Dept. of Mar. Biol., Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Kerklaan 30, Postbus 14, 9750 AA Haren (Gr.), Netherlands. (jst) 84:6269
Lancelot, Christiane, 1984. Metabolic changes in PImeoeystis poucheti (Harlot) Lagerheim during the spring bloom in Belgian coastal waters. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 18(5):593-600. Intracellular protein synthesis contributed 20-42% of the total intracellular ~4C fixed and was positively correlated with ambient inorganic N. Decreased protein synthesis following N depletion was balanced by increased intracellular polysaccharide synthesis (22-42% of the intracellular J4C fixed) and by increased extracellular release of H M W material 08-60% of total 14C fixed) which formed a mucous envelope. Lipid synthesis was not correlated with ambient inorganic N, and was about 20% of the intracellular ]4C fixed. Lab. d'Oceanogr., Univ. Libre de Bruxelles, Ave. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
E270. Microphytes (coccolithophores, diatoms, flagellates, etc.) 84:6270
Sakshaug, Egll, Edna Gran61i, Malte Elbrachter and Hermann Kayser, 1984. Chemical composition and alkaline phosphatase activity of nutrientsaturated and P-deficient cells of four marine
dinoflageHates. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 77(3): 241-254. Trondhjem Biol. Sta., Univ. of Trondheim, Norway.
E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace accumulations, etc.; see also B350Atmospheric poUution, C210-Chemical pollution, F250-Waste disposal) 84:6271 Abdul-Hassan, J.K., 1984. Effect of hydroearhons on
crustacean animals. In: Fate and fluxes of oil
895
pollutants in the KAP region. Symposium, Marine Science Center, Basrah, Iraq. DouAbul, A.A.Z., organizer; in press. The responses of the marine crustaceans (Carcinus maenas, Crangon vulgaris, and Palaemon serratus) to 96 h exposure to 5 concentrations of benzene, hexane and crude oil were examined. Benzene was the most toxic. Female crabs were more resistant than males and were more sensitive than C. vulgaris. Mar. Sci. Centre, Univ. of Basrah, Iraq. 84:6272 Chaisemartin, Claude, 1983. Comportment of lead salts in a biological linear pattern: alga-mollusc, (Ancylus--Pulmonata). Vie Milieu, 33(1):49-54. (In French, English abstract.) Bioaccumulation of lead in a benthic algae.-Ancylus food chain was investigated in the laboratory. Size or age of the snails affected their lead uptake; lead levels were highest in 'oligo-calcic water populations.' Efficiency of lead assimilation was affected by the rate of food ingestion. Lab. de Biol. Exper. Hydrobiol., U.E.R. des Sci. 87060 Limoges, Equipe Parasitose et Milieu du CNRS 040 138, France. 84:6273
Dodge, R.E., T.D. Jickells, A.H. Knap, S. Boyd and R.P.M. Bak, 1984. Reel-building coral skeletons as chemical pollution (phosphorus) indicators. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 15(5):178-187. The inorganic and total phosphorus concentrations of coral skeletons from Bermuda, St. Croix and Curacao indicate that a record of seawater phosphorus is preserved which, in certain cases, is consistent with the location and time history of sewage and other phosphorus pollution episodes. Nova Univ. Oceanogr. Center, 8000 N. Ocean Dr., Dania, Fla. 33004-3078, USA. 84:6274 Ellis, D.V., 1984. Editorial. Animal behaviour and pollution. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 15(5):163-164. A 'check-list' of behaviors is suggested which indicates species susceptibility to pollution. The 6 questions asked concern formation of 'stationary mass assemblages,' narrow front migrations, inflexible behaviors, unknown or missing life-cycle stages, species niche, and other anthropogenic stresses. Such a check-list could help guide the investigations of pollution assessment teams. Ohm) 84:6275
Fanuko, Neda, 1984. The influence of experimental sewage pollution on lagoon phytoplankton. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 15(5):195-198. Mar. Res. and
896
E. Biological Oceanography
Training Centre Piran, 66330 Piran, JLA 65, Yugoslavia. 84:6276 Grigor'yeva, L.V., G.I. Korchak, V.D. Stankevich, T.V. Bey and L.F. Yerusalimskaya, 1983. Effect of surfactants on microbiological processes in water. Hydrobiol. J. (a translation of Gidrobiol. Zh.), 19(4):15-21. Surfactants (sulfonol NP-3 or synthanol DS-10) were added to freshwater aquaria at concentrations of 0.05-200 mg/L. Effects of the surfactants on the viability of test organisms (Escherichia, Microcystis aeruginosa, Enterococcus and Bdellovibrio) were determined at intervals of days and months. 'Cultural, biochemical and agglutinability characteristics' of Escherichia also were determined. Kiev Sci. Res. Inst., Min. of Health, UkSSR Acad. of Sci., Kiev, USSR. (mjj) 84:6277 Grimalt, Joan, 1984. Some considerations about the use of organisms for monitoring oil pollution in coastal areas. In: Fate and fluxes of oil pollutants in the KAP region. Symposium, Marine Science Center, Basrah, Iraq. DouAbul, A.A.Z., organizer; in press. The Mussel Watch concept for monitoring hydrocarbons was discussed in relation to mussel biology and high and low levels of hydrocarbon input. Limitations on the use of such organisms include their occurrence, selective accumulation, metabolism and masking effects of their own biogenic lipids. Concentration of organisms by pumping large amounts of water through polyurethane foam was presented as an alternative methodology to overcome such problems. The characteristics of the sampling system (pumps, filters, columns, plugs) were explained and some qualitative and quantitative results were presented. Man-made and biogenic water concentrating systems were compared with special attention to their space-time variations. Inst. de Quimica Bio-Organica, Barcelona, Spain. 84:6278 Hicks, R.E. and S.Y. Newell, 1984. The growth of bacteria and the fungus Phaeosphaeda typharum (Desm.) Holm (Eumycota: Ascomycotina) in salt-marsh microcosms in the presence and absence of mercury. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 78(1/2): 143-155.
One-liter microcosms containing Spartina alterniflora leaves and artificial seawater (without mercury or mercury-enriched) were inoculated with bacteria or with bacteria plus the fungus; controls contained
OLR (1984) 31 (12)
no microorganisms. Results suggest that microbial growth and respiration on dying S. alterniflora were rather insensitive to mercury levels of 0.74 mg Hg/L (mercuric chloride), concentrations recorded for contaminated salt-marshes in Georgia. Dept. of Chem., WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA.
(jst) 84:6279 Jaweir, H.J. and A. Nelson-Smith, 1984. The effects of low petroleum hydrocarbons on the barnacle Sem//m/,mus ba/anoides. In: Fate and fluxes of oil pollutants in the KA P region. Symposium, Marine Science Center, Basrah, Iraq. DouAbul, A.A.Z., organizer; in press. Benzene, cyclohexane, and hexane significantly affected the survival of both nauplius and cyprid larvae of Semibalanus balanoides. Cirril activity in the adult barnacle was used as an index of sublethal effects of these hydrocarbons on respiration and feeding activity; a depressing effect, proportional to hydrocarbon concentration, was observed. Hexane was the least toxic; there was no significant difference between the toxicity of benzene and cyclohexane. Dept. of Biol., College of Education, Univ. of Basrah, Iraq. 84:6280 Kalm-Malka, R.A. and Claude Donadey, 1984. Histological alterations observed in ldotea bMthica basteri Audouin 1827 (Crustacea, lsopoda) exposed to the chronic effect of non-ionic detergents. Mar. environ. Res., 12(2):143-160. Sta. Mar. d'Endoume, rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France. 84:6281 Murphy, L.S., R.R.L. Guillard and J.F. Brown, 1984. The effects of iron and manganese on copper sensitivity in diatoms: differences in the responses of closely related neritic and oceanic species. Biol. Oceanogr., 3(2): 187-202. Growth-rate responses were compared in an unchelated system. Mn and Fe requirements and Cu toxicity thresholds remained distinct in the neritic species ( Thalassiosira pseudonana and T. weissflogii), but in the oceanic (T. oceanica), Cu toxicity was a function of Mn and Fe availability, and Mn and Fe requirements were each related to the availability of the other. Such different responses of the neritic and oceanic species strongly suggest genetic selection for significant ecological differences. Based on this assumption, Mn and Fe limitations have been more important in the history of oceanic diatoms, which have evolved mechanisms for living in an environment low in these limiting nutrients. Bigelow
E. Biological Oceanography
A. purpuriferum has tetrasporangia formation which is influenced by daylength, suggesting a relationship between the daylength perception mechanism and photosynthesis. Analyses of photosynthetic pigments showed there was little variation over a range of daylength conditions (4-12 h) and irradiance levels (photon flux densities 2.5-80 panol/m 2 s J). However, both irradiance and daylength history influence the shape of the photosynthesis-irradiance curve. 'The role of photosynthesis in the irradiance-dependency of the short day response in tetrasporogenesis was evaluated.' Dept. of Mar. Biol., Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Kerklaan 30, Postbus 14, 9750 AA Haren (Gr.), Netherlands. (jst) 84:6269
Lancelot, Christiane, 1984. Metabolic changes in PImeoeystis poucheti (Harlot) Lagerheim during the spring bloom in Belgian coastal waters. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 18(5):593-600. Intracellular protein synthesis contributed 20-42% of the total intracellular ~4C fixed and was positively correlated with ambient inorganic N. Decreased protein synthesis following N depletion was balanced by increased intracellular polysaccharide synthesis (22-42% of the intracellular J4C fixed) and by increased extracellular release of H M W material 08-60% of total 14C fixed) which formed a mucous envelope. Lipid synthesis was not correlated with ambient inorganic N, and was about 20% of the intracellular ]4C fixed. Lab. d'Oceanogr., Univ. Libre de Bruxelles, Ave. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
E270. Microphytes (coccolithophores, diatoms, flagellates, etc.) 84:6270
Sakshaug, Egll, Edna Gran61i, Malte Elbrachter and Hermann Kayser, 1984. Chemical composition and alkaline phosphatase activity of nutrientsaturated and P-deficient cells of four marine
dinoflageHates. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 77(3): 241-254. Trondhjem Biol. Sta., Univ. of Trondheim, Norway.
E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace accumulations, etc.; see also B350Atmospheric poUution, C210-Chemical pollution, F250-Waste disposal) 84:6271 Abdul-Hassan, J.K., 1984. Effect of hydroearhons on
crustacean animals. In: Fate and fluxes of oil
895
pollutants in the KAP region. Symposium, Marine Science Center, Basrah, Iraq. DouAbul, A.A.Z., organizer; in press. The responses of the marine crustaceans (Carcinus maenas, Crangon vulgaris, and Palaemon serratus) to 96 h exposure to 5 concentrations of benzene, hexane and crude oil were examined. Benzene was the most toxic. Female crabs were more resistant than males and were more sensitive than C. vulgaris. Mar. Sci. Centre, Univ. of Basrah, Iraq. 84:6272 Chaisemartin, Claude, 1983. Comportment of lead salts in a biological linear pattern: alga-mollusc, (Ancylus--Pulmonata). Vie Milieu, 33(1):49-54. (In French, English abstract.) Bioaccumulation of lead in a benthic algae.-Ancylus food chain was investigated in the laboratory. Size or age of the snails affected their lead uptake; lead levels were highest in 'oligo-calcic water populations.' Efficiency of lead assimilation was affected by the rate of food ingestion. Lab. de Biol. Exper. Hydrobiol., U.E.R. des Sci. 87060 Limoges, Equipe Parasitose et Milieu du CNRS 040 138, France. 84:6273
Dodge, R.E., T.D. Jickells, A.H. Knap, S. Boyd and R.P.M. Bak, 1984. Reel-building coral skeletons as chemical pollution (phosphorus) indicators. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 15(5):178-187. The inorganic and total phosphorus concentrations of coral skeletons from Bermuda, St. Croix and Curacao indicate that a record of seawater phosphorus is preserved which, in certain cases, is consistent with the location and time history of sewage and other phosphorus pollution episodes. Nova Univ. Oceanogr. Center, 8000 N. Ocean Dr., Dania, Fla. 33004-3078, USA. 84:6274 Ellis, D.V., 1984. Editorial. Animal behaviour and pollution. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 15(5):163-164. A 'check-list' of behaviors is suggested which indicates species susceptibility to pollution. The 6 questions asked concern formation of 'stationary mass assemblages,' narrow front migrations, inflexible behaviors, unknown or missing life-cycle stages, species niche, and other anthropogenic stresses. Such a check-list could help guide the investigations of pollution assessment teams. Ohm) 84:6275
Fanuko, Neda, 1984. The influence of experimental sewage pollution on lagoon phytoplankton. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 15(5):195-198. Mar. Res. and
896
E. Biological Oceanography
Training Centre Piran, 66330 Piran, JLA 65, Yugoslavia. 84:6276 Grigor'yeva, L.V., G.I. Korchak, V.D. Stankevich, T.V. Bey and L.F. Yerusalimskaya, 1983. Effect of surfactants on microbiological processes in water. Hydrobiol. J. (a translation of Gidrobiol. Zh.), 19(4):15-21. Surfactants (sulfonol NP-3 or synthanol DS-10) were added to freshwater aquaria at concentrations of 0.05-200 mg/L. Effects of the surfactants on the viability of test organisms (Escherichia, Microcystis aeruginosa, Enterococcus and Bdellovibrio) were determined at intervals of days and months. 'Cultural, biochemical and agglutinability characteristics' of Escherichia also were determined. Kiev Sci. Res. Inst., Min. of Health, UkSSR Acad. of Sci., Kiev, USSR. (mjj) 84:6277 Grimalt, Joan, 1984. Some considerations about the use of organisms for monitoring oil pollution in coastal areas. In: Fate and fluxes of oil pollutants in the KAP region. Symposium, Marine Science Center, Basrah, Iraq. DouAbul, A.A.Z., organizer; in press. The Mussel Watch concept for monitoring hydrocarbons was discussed in relation to mussel biology and high and low levels of hydrocarbon input. Limitations on the use of such organisms include their occurrence, selective accumulation, metabolism and masking effects of their own biogenic lipids. Concentration of organisms by pumping large amounts of water through polyurethane foam was presented as an alternative methodology to overcome such problems. The characteristics of the sampling system (pumps, filters, columns, plugs) were explained and some qualitative and quantitative results were presented. Man-made and biogenic water concentrating systems were compared with special attention to their space-time variations. Inst. de Quimica Bio-Organica, Barcelona, Spain. 84:6278 Hicks, R.E. and S.Y. Newell, 1984. The growth of bacteria and the fungus Phaeosphaeda typharum (Desm.) Holm (Eumycota: Ascomycotina) in salt-marsh microcosms in the presence and absence of mercury. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 78(1/2): 143-155.
One-liter microcosms containing Spartina alterniflora leaves and artificial seawater (without mercury or mercury-enriched) were inoculated with bacteria or with bacteria plus the fungus; controls contained
OLR (1984) 31 (12)
no microorganisms. Results suggest that microbial growth and respiration on dying S. alterniflora were rather insensitive to mercury levels of 0.74 mg Hg/L (mercuric chloride), concentrations recorded for contaminated salt-marshes in Georgia. Dept. of Chem., WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA.
(jst) 84:6279 Jaweir, H.J. and A. Nelson-Smith, 1984. The effects of low petroleum hydrocarbons on the barnacle Sem//m/,mus ba/anoides. In: Fate and fluxes of oil pollutants in the KA P region. Symposium, Marine Science Center, Basrah, Iraq. DouAbul, A.A.Z., organizer; in press. Benzene, cyclohexane, and hexane significantly affected the survival of both nauplius and cyprid larvae of Semibalanus balanoides. Cirril activity in the adult barnacle was used as an index of sublethal effects of these hydrocarbons on respiration and feeding activity; a depressing effect, proportional to hydrocarbon concentration, was observed. Hexane was the least toxic; there was no significant difference between the toxicity of benzene and cyclohexane. Dept. of Biol., College of Education, Univ. of Basrah, Iraq. 84:6280 Kalm-Malka, R.A. and Claude Donadey, 1984. Histological alterations observed in ldotea bMthica basteri Audouin 1827 (Crustacea, lsopoda) exposed to the chronic effect of non-ionic detergents. Mar. environ. Res., 12(2):143-160. Sta. Mar. d'Endoume, rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France. 84:6281 Murphy, L.S., R.R.L. Guillard and J.F. Brown, 1984. The effects of iron and manganese on copper sensitivity in diatoms: differences in the responses of closely related neritic and oceanic species. Biol. Oceanogr., 3(2): 187-202. Growth-rate responses were compared in an unchelated system. Mn and Fe requirements and Cu toxicity thresholds remained distinct in the neritic species ( Thalassiosira pseudonana and T. weissflogii), but in the oceanic (T. oceanica), Cu toxicity was a function of Mn and Fe availability, and Mn and Fe requirements were each related to the availability of the other. Such different responses of the neritic and oceanic species strongly suggest genetic selection for significant ecological differences. Based on this assumption, Mn and Fe limitations have been more important in the history of oceanic diatoms, which have evolved mechanisms for living in an environment low in these limiting nutrients. Bigelow