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The influence of reduced pressure on the growth of yeast cells and on the production of volatile compounds
VOL. 70, 1990
Abstracts of the Articles Printed in Hakkokogaku Kaishi Vol. 68, No. 4 (1990)
The Influence of Reduced Pressure on the Growth of Yeast Cells and on the Production of Volatile C o m p o u n d s . MASAAKI SAKAGUCHI,* TUTOMU HIROSE, KAzuo NAKATANI, MASAMI Onisrii, and JUNICHI KUMADA (Research Institute for Liquor Produc-
was fermented at 25-30°C, iso-butyl alcohol was formed at a higher concentration in awamori m a s h than that of shochu. W h e n each m a s h was fermented at 15°C, no significant difference in the concentration of iso-butyl alcohol was observed. In synthetic media containing as a nitrogen source a m m o n i u m sulfate or both L-valine and tleucine, a higher concentration of iso-butyi alcohol was observed in awamori yeast than that ofshochu yeast. At 15°C, awamori yeast has showed a decrease in its concentration. From these observations, we suggest that the a r o m a concentration in awarnori could be improved by fermenting awamori m a s h at the low temperature of 15°C.
tion Technology, Suntory Limited Research Center, Shimamoto-cho Mishima-gun, Osaka 618) H a k k o k o g a k u 68: 261-266. 1990. The influence of reduced pressure on the growth of yeast cells and on the production of volatile c o m p o u n d s was studied to get basic knowledge about flash fermentation technology. The growth of yeast cells was greatly depressed under reduced pressure. The reduced pressure, not the lowered concentration of dissolved CO2, was the main factor in depressing the growth of yeast cells. The m a x i m u m yeast cell mass decreased linearly with decreases in head space pressure. The growth o f yeast cells was independent o f the dissolved CO2 concentration below saturation at atmospheric pressure. The production of volatile c o m p o u n d s such as higher alcohols, fatty acids, and their esters, was also influenced by reduced pressure. The reduction of ethylacetate and isoamylacetate production was great.
* Corresponding author. T a x o n o m y and Application of C r U s i n g Microorganisms. --Monograph-TElZl URAKAMI (Biochemicals Division, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical
Company, Tokyo Sakurada Building, 1-1-3, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105) H a k k o k o g a k u 68: 279-300. 1990. T a x o n o m y and application of C r u s i n g microorganisms are studied. C~-using bacteria are divided into three major groups, Gramnegative obligate bacteria, Gram-negative facultative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria, on the basis of morphological, physiological, and chemotaxonomical characteristics. Obligate bacteria consist of five genera, Methylomonas, Methylococcus, Methylobacillus, Methylophaga, and one u n - n a m e d genus. Facultative bacteria consist of nine genera. Hyphomicrobium, Ancylobacter, Methylobacterium, Xanthobacter, Paracoccus, Acidomonas, Thiobacillus, and two unn a m e d genera. Gram-positive bacteria consist of two genera, Mycobacterium and Arthrobacter. Many of these bacteria should be n a m e d as new genera and species. We proposed new genera Protomonas and Acidomonas, emendation of the genus Methylobacillus, and five new species, Protomonas extorquens, Acidomonas methanolica, Paracoccus alcaliphilus, Paracoccus aminophilus, and Paracoccus aminovorans. Methanol-using yeasts belong to two genera, Candida and Pichia, and thirty species. These species are similar in biological characteristics, but are distinguished from each other by chemotaxonomical characteristics. As applications of C r u s ing microorganisms, production of SCP (single cell protein), Coenzyme Qi0 and Coenzyme P Q Q (pyrroloquinoline quinone), and biodegradation of T M A H (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) and D M F (N,N-dimethylformamide) are studied. Mitsubishi Gas Chemical C o m p a n y (MGC) constructed a pilot plant o f SCP for acquisition of scale-up data for a further commercial plant, and developed sufficient know-how for the construction and operation of a commercial plant. In the spring of 1980, M G C started on commercial production of Coenzyme Qt0 for heart disease. Furthermore, in the spring of 1986, M G C started the sale o f Coenzyme P Q Q as a research reagent.
* Corresponding author. A Bioreactor with Immobilized Enzyme on P o r o u s Ceramics. YASUKO YOSH1DA,t* MITSUO KAWASE,t TSUYOSHI MAJ1MA,t and TAKANORI SHIRAISHI2 (NGK Insulators Ltd., Research & Development
Laboratory of Engineering, Business Group, 1 Maegata-cho, Handa 475, t and Nikken Chemicals Co. Ltd., Ohmiya Research Laboratory, 346, 1-chome, Kitabukuro-cho, Ohmiya 3302) H a k k o k o g a k u 68: 267273. 1990. We had developed a ceramic carrier for immobilizing enzymes by sintering smectite at 6 0 0 ~ 9 0 0 ° C . The carrier SM-10 yielded higher invertase activity t h a n any other inorganic material tested. Pullulanase, an enzyme for synthesizing branched cyclodextrin, was immobilized on the carrier SM-10. The retention time for the continuous bioreactor with the immobilized enzyme was reduced to about 1/140 of that for a conventional batch process with free enzyme. * Corresponding author. Effects of Fermentation Temperature on the Formation of A r o m a C o m p o n e n t s in A w a m o r i Mash. - - N o t e - HISAYASU NAKATA,* JUNKO TSURUTA, UTAKO NAGANO, YUKIKO HOSONO, and MAS,~a~U HOSA~O, (Department of Brewing and Fer-
mentation, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156) H a k k o k o g a k u 68: 275-278. 1990. For the improvement in the a r o m a composition of awamori, we examined the effects of both the fermentation temperature and awamori or shochu yeasts on the formation of iso-butyl alcohol in synthetic media and awamori m a s h . W h e n awamori and shoehi~ m a s h
141
Abstracts of the Articles Printed in Hakkokogaku Kaishi Vol. 68, No. 4 (1990)
The Influence of Reduced Pressure on the Growth of Yeast Cells and on the Production of Volatile C o m p o u n d s . MASAAKI SAKAGUCHI,* TUTOMU HIROSE, KAzuo NAKATANI, MASAMI Onisrii, and JUNICHI KUMADA (Research Institute for Liquor Produc-
was fermented at 25-30°C, iso-butyl alcohol was formed at a higher concentration in awamori m a s h than that of shochu. W h e n each m a s h was fermented at 15°C, no significant difference in the concentration of iso-butyl alcohol was observed. In synthetic media containing as a nitrogen source a m m o n i u m sulfate or both L-valine and tleucine, a higher concentration of iso-butyi alcohol was observed in awamori yeast than that ofshochu yeast. At 15°C, awamori yeast has showed a decrease in its concentration. From these observations, we suggest that the a r o m a concentration in awarnori could be improved by fermenting awamori m a s h at the low temperature of 15°C.
tion Technology, Suntory Limited Research Center, Shimamoto-cho Mishima-gun, Osaka 618) H a k k o k o g a k u 68: 261-266. 1990. The influence of reduced pressure on the growth of yeast cells and on the production of volatile c o m p o u n d s was studied to get basic knowledge about flash fermentation technology. The growth of yeast cells was greatly depressed under reduced pressure. The reduced pressure, not the lowered concentration of dissolved CO2, was the main factor in depressing the growth of yeast cells. The m a x i m u m yeast cell mass decreased linearly with decreases in head space pressure. The growth o f yeast cells was independent o f the dissolved CO2 concentration below saturation at atmospheric pressure. The production of volatile c o m p o u n d s such as higher alcohols, fatty acids, and their esters, was also influenced by reduced pressure. The reduction of ethylacetate and isoamylacetate production was great.
* Corresponding author. T a x o n o m y and Application of C r U s i n g Microorganisms. --Monograph-TElZl URAKAMI (Biochemicals Division, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical
Company, Tokyo Sakurada Building, 1-1-3, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105) H a k k o k o g a k u 68: 279-300. 1990. T a x o n o m y and application of C r u s i n g microorganisms are studied. C~-using bacteria are divided into three major groups, Gramnegative obligate bacteria, Gram-negative facultative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria, on the basis of morphological, physiological, and chemotaxonomical characteristics. Obligate bacteria consist of five genera, Methylomonas, Methylococcus, Methylobacillus, Methylophaga, and one u n - n a m e d genus. Facultative bacteria consist of nine genera. Hyphomicrobium, Ancylobacter, Methylobacterium, Xanthobacter, Paracoccus, Acidomonas, Thiobacillus, and two unn a m e d genera. Gram-positive bacteria consist of two genera, Mycobacterium and Arthrobacter. Many of these bacteria should be n a m e d as new genera and species. We proposed new genera Protomonas and Acidomonas, emendation of the genus Methylobacillus, and five new species, Protomonas extorquens, Acidomonas methanolica, Paracoccus alcaliphilus, Paracoccus aminophilus, and Paracoccus aminovorans. Methanol-using yeasts belong to two genera, Candida and Pichia, and thirty species. These species are similar in biological characteristics, but are distinguished from each other by chemotaxonomical characteristics. As applications of C r u s ing microorganisms, production of SCP (single cell protein), Coenzyme Qi0 and Coenzyme P Q Q (pyrroloquinoline quinone), and biodegradation of T M A H (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) and D M F (N,N-dimethylformamide) are studied. Mitsubishi Gas Chemical C o m p a n y (MGC) constructed a pilot plant o f SCP for acquisition of scale-up data for a further commercial plant, and developed sufficient know-how for the construction and operation of a commercial plant. In the spring of 1980, M G C started on commercial production of Coenzyme Qt0 for heart disease. Furthermore, in the spring of 1986, M G C started the sale o f Coenzyme P Q Q as a research reagent.
* Corresponding author. A Bioreactor with Immobilized Enzyme on P o r o u s Ceramics. YASUKO YOSH1DA,t* MITSUO KAWASE,t TSUYOSHI MAJ1MA,t and TAKANORI SHIRAISHI2 (NGK Insulators Ltd., Research & Development
Laboratory of Engineering, Business Group, 1 Maegata-cho, Handa 475, t and Nikken Chemicals Co. Ltd., Ohmiya Research Laboratory, 346, 1-chome, Kitabukuro-cho, Ohmiya 3302) H a k k o k o g a k u 68: 267273. 1990. We had developed a ceramic carrier for immobilizing enzymes by sintering smectite at 6 0 0 ~ 9 0 0 ° C . The carrier SM-10 yielded higher invertase activity t h a n any other inorganic material tested. Pullulanase, an enzyme for synthesizing branched cyclodextrin, was immobilized on the carrier SM-10. The retention time for the continuous bioreactor with the immobilized enzyme was reduced to about 1/140 of that for a conventional batch process with free enzyme. * Corresponding author. Effects of Fermentation Temperature on the Formation of A r o m a C o m p o n e n t s in A w a m o r i Mash. - - N o t e - HISAYASU NAKATA,* JUNKO TSURUTA, UTAKO NAGANO, YUKIKO HOSONO, and MAS,~a~U HOSA~O, (Department of Brewing and Fer-
mentation, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156) H a k k o k o g a k u 68: 275-278. 1990. For the improvement in the a r o m a composition of awamori, we examined the effects of both the fermentation temperature and awamori or shochu yeasts on the formation of iso-butyl alcohol in synthetic media and awamori m a s h . W h e n awamori and shoehi~ m a s h
141