The integration of ERP and inter-intra organizational information systems: A Literature Review

Proceedings,16th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing Proceedings,16th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing Bergamo, Italy, June 11-13, 2018 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Proceedings,16th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing Bergamo, Italy, June 11-13, 2018 Proceedings,16th IFAC Symposium on Information Control in Manufacturing Bergamo, Italy, JuneProblems 11-13, 2018 Information Control in Manufacturing Bergamo, Italy, JuneProblems 11-13, 2018 Bergamo, Italy, June 11-13, 2018

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IFAC PapersOnLine 51-11 (2018) 1212–1217 The integration of ERP and inter-intra organizational information systems: The integration of ERP and inter-intra organizational information systems: The integration of ERP andAinter-intra information systems: Literatureorganizational Review The integration of ERP andAinter-intra information systems: Literatureorganizational Review The integration of ERP andAinter-intra organizational information systems: Literature Review A Literature ReviewSamir. ** Tobón Valencia. Estefania* Lamouri. A Literature ReviewSamir. Valencia. Estefania* Lamouri. ** Pellerin.Tobón Robert***Dubois. Patrice****Moeuf. Alexandre*****

Valencia. Estefania* Lamouri. Samir. ** Pellerin.Tobón Robert***Dubois. Patrice****Moeuf. Alexandre*****  Tobón Valencia. Estefania* Lamouri. Samir. ** Pellerin.Tobón Robert***Dubois. Patrice****Moeuf. Alexandre***** Valencia. Estefania* Lamouri. Samir. **  Pellerin. Robert***Dubois. Patrice****Moeuf. Alexandre*****  Pellerin. Robert***Dubois. Alexandre***** * LAMIH, Arts et MétiersPatrice****Moeuf. (e-mail: Paristech, Paris, France * LAMIH, [email protected]) Arts et Métiers Paristech, Paris, France (e-mail: * LAMIH, [email protected]) Arts et Métiers Paristech, Paris, France (e-mail: * LAMIH, [email protected]) Arts **LAMIH, Arts et et Métiers Métiers Paristech, Paristech, Paris, Paris, France France (e-mail: (e-mail: * LAMIH, [email protected]) Arts **LAMIH, Arts et et Métiers Métiers Paristech, Paristech, Paris, Paris, France France (e-mail: (e-mail: [email protected]) **LAMIH, [email protected]) Arts [email protected]) et Métiers Paristech, Paris, France (e-mail: **LAMIH, Arts [email protected]) et Métiers Paristech, Paris, France (e-mail: Montreal, *** Mathematics and Industrial Engineering Department, Polytechnique **LAMIH, Arts [email protected]) et Métiers Paristech, Paris, France (e-mail: Montreal, *** Mathematics and Industrial Engineering Department, Polytechnique Quebec, Canada, (e-mail: [email protected].) *** Mathematics and Industrial Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, [email protected]) Quebec, Canada, (e-mail: [email protected].) *** Mathematics and Industrial Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, ****LCPI, Arts [email protected].) Métiers ParisTech, Quebec, Canada, (e-mail: *** Mathematics and Industrial Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, ****LCPI, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Quebec, Canada,(e-mail: (e-mail: [email protected].) Paris, ****LCPI, France, [email protected].) Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Quebec, Canada, (e-mail: [email protected].) Paris, ****LCPI, France, (e-mail: [email protected].) Arts et Métiers ParisTech, *****Exxelia Technologies, France (e-mail : [email protected]) Paris,Chanteloup-en-Brie, France, (e-mail: [email protected].) ****LCPI, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, *****Exxelia Technologies, Chanteloup-en-Brie, France (e-mail : [email protected]) Paris, France, (e-mail: [email protected].) *****Exxelia Technologies, Chanteloup-en-Brie, France (e-mail : [email protected]) Paris,Chanteloup-en-Brie, France, (e-mail: [email protected].) *****Exxelia Technologies, France (e-mail : [email protected]) *****Exxelia Technologies, France (e-mailpublications : [email protected]) Abstract: This paper provides an Chanteloup-en-Brie, initial systematic review of journal on ERP and Information Abstract: This paper provides an initial systematic review of journal publications on ERP the and body Information Systems (IS) integration. Three essential types ofreview integration are proposed to analyze of the Abstract: This paper provides an initial systematic of journal publications on ERP and Information Systems (IS) integration. Three essential types ofreview integration are proposed to analyze the body ofaxes the Abstract: This paper provides an initial systematic of journal publications on ERP and Information literature (Technical, Business and Socio-Organizational). To complete the review, three additional Systems (IS) integration. Three essential types of integration are proposed to analyze the body of the Abstract: This paper provides anand initial systematic review ofTo journal publications on ERP and Information literature (Technical, Business Socio-Organizational). complete the review, threethe additional axes Systems (IS) integration. Three essential types of integration are proposed to analyze body of the of study are synthesized (Implementation Stage, Company Size and Research Methodology). Finally, literature (Technical, Business Socio-Organizational). ToSize complete the review, threethe additional Systems (IS) integration. Threeand essential types ofCompany integration are and proposed to analyze bodyFinally, ofaxes the of study are synthesized (Implementation Stage,research Research Methodology). literature (Technical, Business and Socio-Organizational). Topresented. complete the review, three additional axes results areare discussed and opportunities for future are of study synthesized (Implementation Stage, Company Size and Research Methodology). Finally, literature (Technical, Business and Socio-Organizational). To complete the review, three additional axes results are discussed and opportunities for future research are presented. of study are synthesized (Implementation Stage,research Company Size and Research Methodology). Finally, results are discussed and opportunities for(ERP), future areHosting presented. of study are synthesized (Implementation Stage, Company Size and Research Methodology). Finally, © 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Control) by Elsevier Ltd. All rights Integration. reserved. Keywords: Enterprise Resource Planning System Integration, Data Integration, Process results are discussed and opportunities forAutomatic future research are presented. Keywords: Enterpriseand Resource Planning Data Integration, Process Integration. results are discussed opportunities for(ERP), future System researchIntegration, are presented. Keywords: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), System Integration, Data Integration, Process Integration. in decision-making (Pellerin et Keywords:1.Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Systemmanagerial Integration,performance Data Integration, Process Integration. INTRODUCTION managerial performance in decision-making (Pellerin et Keywords:1.Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), System Integration, Data Integration, Process Integration. al.2007). Nevertheless, as (Kovács & Paganelli 2003) have INTRODUCTION managerialNevertheless, performanceas in decision-making (Pellerin et al.2007). (Kovács & Paganelli 2003) have 1. INTRODUCTION managerial performance in et expressed, ERPs are based ondecision-making a logic of single(Pellerin centralized al.2007). Nevertheless, as (Kovács & Paganelli 2003) have 1. INTRODUCTION performance in decision-making (Pellerin et The new industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) has transformed managerial expressed, ERPs are based on a logic of single 2003) centralized al.2007). Nevertheless, as (Kovács Paganelli organizations. Therefore, ERPs are& characterized byhave the 1. INTRODUCTION The new industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) transformed expressed, ERPs are based on a logic of single 2003) centralized Nevertheless, as (Kovács & characterized Paganelli have the relationship between stakeholders in anhas entire supply al.2007). organizations. Therefore, ERPs are by the The new industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) has transformed expressed, ERPs are based on a logic of single centralized following principles: hierarchy, embedding business the relationship between stakeholders in an entire supply organizations. Therefore, ERPs are characterized by the The new industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) transformed ERPs are basedhierarchy, on a logic of single centralized chain. Indeed, thebetween implementation of Industry 4.0 initiatives following principles: embedding business the relationship stakeholders in anhas entire supply expressed, organizations. Therefore, ERPs are characterized by the processes and centralized data management. These principles The new industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) has transformed chain. Indeed, the implementation of Industry 4.0 initiatives following principles: hierarchy, embedding business the relationship in an 4.0 entire supply organizations. Therefore, data ERPs are characterized by the looks for, among manystakeholders things,of Industry monitoring industrial processes and centralized management. These principles chain. Indeed, thebetween implementation initiatives principles: hierarchy, embedding business are not consistent with data new production scenarios where the relationship between stakeholders in an 4.0 entire supply following looks for, simulating among many things,of monitoring industrial processes and centralized management. These principles chain. Indeed, the implementation Industry initiatives following principles: hierarchy, embedding business processes, and optimizing production processes are not consistent with new production scenarios where looks for, among many things, monitoring industrial processes and centralized data management. These principles decentralization and flat models are privileged, neither with chain. Indeed, the implementation of Industry 4.0 initiatives processes, andofoptimizing production processes are not consistent with new management. production scenarios where looks for, simulating among many things, monitoring industrial and centralized data These principles and increasing the agility information flows (Moeuf, et al. processes decentralization andsuppliers’ flat models are privileged, neither with processes, simulating and optimizing production processes are not consistent with new production scenarios where the integration with and sub-contractors’ through IS. looks for, among many things, monitoring industrial and increasing the agility informationproduction flows (Moeuf, et al. are decentralization andsuppliers’ flat models are privileged, neither with processes, simulating andof optimizing processes not consistent with newandproduction scenarios where 2017). the integration with sub-contractors’ through IS. and increasing the agility of information flows (Moeuf, et al. decentralization and flat models are privileged, neither with processes, simulating and optimizing production processes 2017). the integration with suppliers’ and sub-contractors’ through IS. and increasing the agility of information flows (Moeuf, et al. decentralization andsuppliers’ flat models privileged, Enterprises thatwith have implemented an ERP systemneither have to with deal 2017). integration and are sub-contractors’ through IS. and increasing the agility of information flows (Moeuf, et al. the Enterprises that have implemented an ERP system have to deal 2017). the integration with suppliers’ and sub-contractors’ through IS. In order to increase the speed of information flows, (Moeuf, et with projects forhave optimally integrating it with other inter and Enterprises that implemented an ERP system have to deal 2017). In order increase the speed of information flows, (Moeuf, et Enterprises with projects forhave optimally integrating it so with other inter and al. 2017)to point to technologies like cloud computing platforms, that implemented an ERP system have to deal intra-organizational information systems that they can In order to increase the speed of information flows, (Moeuf, et with projects for optimally integrating it so with other inter and that implemented an ERP system have to deal al. 2017) tovirtual technologies like cloud platforms, intra-organizational information thatother can In order topoint increase the speed information (Moeuf, et Enterprises web interfaces, reality,of Big Data computing andflows, IOT (Internet of with projects forhave optimally with inter anda external pressures. Theintegrating aimsystems of thisitpaper isthey to conduct al. 2017) point tovirtual technologies like cloud computing platforms, intra-organizational information systems so that they can deal In order to increase the speed of information flows, (Moeuf, et with projects for optimally integrating it with other inter and web interfaces, reality, Big Data and IOT (Internet of external pressures. The literature aimsystems of this paper to conduct al. point tovirtual technologies cloud platforms, Things), which havereality, beenlike connected with enterprise information so that they can deal systemic review of scientific about theis integration ofa web2017) interfaces, Big Data computing and with IOT (Internet of intra-organizational with external pressures. The literature aimsystems of this paper isintegration to conduct al. 2017) point tovirtual technologies cloud computing platforms, intra-organizational information so that they can deal Things), which have beenlike connected enterprise systemic review of scientific about theis ofaa web interfaces, reality, Big Data and IOT (Internet of production planning and control systems like ERP (Enterprise with external pressures. The aim of this paper to conduct ERP and other information systems. The following research Things), which have been Big connected with enterprise systemic review of scientific literature about the integration of web interfaces, virtual reality, Data and IOT (Internet of with external pressures. The systems. aim of this paper to conduct production planning and systems ERPtechnologies (Enterprise ERP and review other information The research Things), which have been connected with enterprise Resource Planning). Thecontrol integration oflike these systemic of scientific literature about theisexisting integration ofa question has directed the study: What is following the offer production planning and control systems like ERP (Enterprise ERP and other information systems. The following research Things), which have been connected with enterprise of scientific literatureThe about theexisting integration of Resource Planning). Thecontrol integration oflike these technologies question has directed the study: is IS the offer production planning and systems ERP (Enterprise systemic presents multiple benefits including operational optimization, ERP and review other information systems. following research regarding ERP integration with What another inexisting an Industrial Resourcemultiple Planning). Thecontrol integration oflike these technologies question has directed the study: What is IS thein offer production planning and systems ERP (Enterprise ERP and other information systems. The following research presents benefits including operational optimization, regarding ERP integration with another an Industrial Resource Planning). The integration of these technologies increased collaboration between stakeholders, raised industrial question directed the study: is IS theinexisting offer context? presents multiple benefits including operational optimization, regardinghas ERP integration with What another an Industrial Resource Planning). The integration of these technologies has directed the study: What is IS theinexisting offer increased collaboration between raised industrial question context? presents multiple benefits including operational optimization, efficiency and more flexibility instakeholders, decision-making processes. regarding ERP integration with another an Industrial increased collaboration between stakeholders, raised industrial context? presents benefits including operational optimization, regarding ERP integration with another IS in an Industrial efficiencymultiple and more flexibility instakeholders, decision-making processes. This paper starts by describing the methodology of the increased collaboration between raised industrial context? efficiencycollaboration and more flexibility instakeholders, decision-making processes. This paperreview. starts In by the describing the methodology of the increased between raisedprocesses. industrial Furthermore, concepts such in as collaborative planning, context? systematic third section, results of the review efficiency and more flexibility decision-making This paperreview. starts In by describing the methodology of the Furthermore, concepts such collaborative planning, systematic section, results of the review efficiency and flexibility inas decision-making forecasting andmore production (CPFR), integration ofprocesses. ERP with This starts by the describing the tomethodology of the and a paper detailed analysis viathird references the literature within Furthermore,and concepts such as collaborative planning, systematic review. In the third section, results of the review This paper starts by describing the methodology of the forecasting production (CPFR), integration of ERP with and a detailed analysis viaof references toresults the literature within Furthermore, concepts such as collaborative planning, SCM (Supply Chain Management) Systems as well as with systematic review. In the third section, of the review the scope of the four axes analysis are presented. Based on forecasting andChain production (CPFR), integration of ERP with and scope a detailed analysis viaof references toresults the literature within Furthermore, concepts such as collaborative planning, systematic review. In the third section, of the review SCM (Supply Management) Systems as well as with the of the four axes analysis are presented. Based on forecasting and production (CPFR), integration of ERP with and a detailed analysis via references to the literature within SCRP (Supply Chain Resource Planning) Systems show the the results of the review, research implications as well as SCM (Supply Chain Management) Systems as of well as with with the scope ofoftheanalysis four axes ofreferences analysis implications are presented. Based on forecasting andChain production (CPFR), integration ERP and a detailed viaof to presented. the literature within SCRP (Supply Chain Resource Planning) Systems show the the the results the review, research asBased well as SCM (Supply Management) Systems as well as with relevance of system information and business process scope of the four axes analysis are on opportunities for future studies are presented. SCRP (Supply (Supply Chain Management) Resource Planning) Systems show the the the scope results offor the review, research implications asBased well as SCM Chain Systems as wellshow as with four axes ofresearch analysis are presented.as relevance of system information and 2011) business process opportunities future studies are presented. SCRP (Supply Chain Planning) Systems the integration (Chung & Resource Hung-Lian Ahmad (Reimers & the resultsofofthe the review, implications well on as relevance of system information and business process opportunities for future studies are presented. SCRP (Supply Chain Resource Planning) Systems show the results offor thefuture review, research implications as well as integration (Chung & Hung-Lian Ahmad 2011) (Reimers & the relevance of system information and business process Guo 2014). opportunities studies are presented. 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY integration (Chung & Hung-Lian Ahmad 2011) (Reimers & relevance system information and 2011) business process forRESEARCH future studies are presented. Guo 2014). of METHODOLOGY integration (Chung & Hung-Lian Ahmad (Reimers & opportunities2. Guo 2014). 2.literature RESEARCH METHODOLOGY integration (Chung & Hung-Lian Ahmad 2011) (Reimers & ERP 2014). systems were initially conceived as integrators of The scientific2. was consulted in online databases and Guo RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ERP systems were initially as integrators of The scientific2.literature waspublications consulted inonly. online and Guo 2014). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY information flows coming fromconceived different functional units of research focused on journal Andatabases initial search ERP systems were initially conceived as integrators of The scientific literature waspublications consulted inonly. online databases and information flows coming fromconceived differentan functional units of research focused on journal An initial search ERP systems were initially as integrators of the same enterprise. When implementing ERP, enterprises The literature wasscope consulted online databases and was scientific donefocused to determine the of theinliterature review. We information flows coming fromconceived differentan functional units of research on journal publications only. An initial search ERP systems were initially as integrators of the same enterprise. When implementing ERP, enterprises The scientific literature was consulted in online databases and was done to determine the scope of in thethe literature review. We information flowsproductivity, coming fromaccess differenttoan functional unitsand of research seek increased information focused on journal publications only. Anten initial search retain research articles published last years, as the same enterprise. When implementing ERP, enterprises was done to determine the scope of the literature review. We information flowsproductivity, coming fromaccess differenttoan functional unitsand of research focused on journal publications only. Anten initial search seeksame increased information retaindone research articles published last years, as the enterprise. When implementing ERP, enterprises was to determine the scope of in thethe literature review. We seek increased productivity, access to information and retain research articles published in the last ten years, as the enterprise. When implementing ERP, enterprises to determine scope of in thethe literature review. seeksame increased productivity, access toan information and was retaindone research articlesthe published last ten years,We as seek increased productivity, access to information and Copyright © 2018, 2018 IFAC 1238Hosting retain research in the last ten years, as 2405-8963 © IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) by Elsevierarticles Ltd. All published rights reserved. Copyright © 2018 IFAC 1238 Peer review©under of International Federation of Automatic Copyright 2018 responsibility IFAC 1238Control. 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.425 Copyright © 2018 IFAC 1238 Copyright © 2018 IFAC 1238

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research about ERP and IS integration has been mostly published since 2007. The proposed framework for literature review analysis is based on three types of integration studied by (Kähkönen 2017): technical Integration, Business Integration and SocioOrganizational Integration. The author defines technical integration as the ability to make applications or systems to exchange data. When referring to business integration, the author clarifies that it is needed when a business process is automated, as different sources of information are integrated to complete the process. Finally, socio-organizational integration concerns the interactions between stakeholders from different organizational units. Change Management is studied under this perspective. The major sources of information were Science Direct and Scopus. Only the following research string containing “Data Integration”, “System Integration” and “Process Integration” conducted the research: Search String 1: “ERP” (TITLE-ABS-KEY) AND “Data” OR “System” OR “Process” AND “Integration” (TITLE-ABSKEY) AND pub-Date>2005 AND content type <>Books.

Fig. 4. Mapping the Literature Research Strategy As was previously mentioned in this section, the types of integration proposed by Kähkönen were the basis for the full text analysis of the 35 selected articles. Although, for the purpose of this research Technical Integration was classified in three types, previously presented in figures 1 through 3: system integration, data integration and architecture integration. Table 1 displays the integration focus of the research.

The following figures help illustrate the difference between the three types of integration target research:

Fig. 1. System Integration VMS: Vendor Management System, EAI: Enterprise Application Integration

Fig. 2. Data Integration

Fig. 3. Architecture Integration A review of abstracts enabled the exclusion of publications whose research domain was not engineering, information systems or management. Then, for articles that were found in both databases, one copy was excluded. Fig. 4 summarizes the research strategy: 1239

Table 1. Summary of relevant articles by integration type Reference S X X X

(Aguirre Mayorga et al. 2012) (Bamidele & Van DerPoll 2013) (Bose et al. 2008) (Bouzid et al. 2015) (Brehm & Gómez 2010) (Chen et al. 2015) (Chung et al, 2011) (Colombi et al. 2016) (De Maria et al. 2010) (Ding & Sheng 2010) (Ekman et al. 2014) (Ferro et al. 2017) (Gholamzadeh et al. 2017) (Gholamzadeh et al. 2014) (Grabot et al. 2014) (Grant et al. 2013) (Han et al. 2014) (Hon & OU-Yang 2008) (Hsu 2013) (Hvolby & Trienekens 2010) (Kähkönen et al. 2016) (Lv et al. 2016) (Malhotra & Temponi 2010) (Nofal & Yusof 2013) (Ponis & Spanos 2009) (Popa & Vaida 2016) (Prashanth & Venkataram 2017) (Roh & Hong 2015) (Ruivo et al. 2017) (Sadigh et al. 2016) (Sanaranayake 2009) (Serdeira et al. 2012) (Shafiei et al. 2012) (Sprenger & Mönch 2014) (Zhai & Xu 2017)

Integration Analysis D A B S-O X

X

X X

X X

X X

X X X X

X X X

X X

X X X X X X X X X X

X

X X

X X X X

X

X

X

X

X

X X X X X X X X X X X Total

X 23

4

7

X X X X X 14

X 12

S: System Integration, D: Data Integration, A: Architecture Integration, B: Business Integration, S-O: Socio-Organizational Integration

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3. RESULTS After conducting the research strategy, the 35 articles identified created the scope of analysis. Results are presented in a four-axis analysis: type of integration, implementation stage, company size and research methodology. Tables 2 and 3 complete the integration analysis that had been proposed in Table 1 by adding the three last axes of analysis. Table 2. Summary of relevant articles by Implementation Stage and Company Size Analysis Reference

Is Pre

(Aguirre Mayorga et al. 2012) (Bamidele & Van DerPoll 2013) (Bose et al. 2008) (Bouzid et al. 2015) (Brehm & Gómez 2010) (Chen et al. 2015) (Chung et al, 2011) (Colombi et al. 2016) (De Maria et al. 2010) (Ding & Sheng 2010) (Ekman et al. 2014) (Ferro et al. 2017) (Gholamzadeh et al. 2017) (Gholamzadeh et al. 2014) (Grabot et al. 2014) (Grant et al. 2013) (Han et al. 2014) (Hon & OU-Yang 2008) (Hsu 2013) (Hvolby & Trienekens 2010) (Kähkönen et al. 2016) (Lv et al. 2016) (Malhotra & Temponi 2010) (Nofal & Yusof 2013) (Ponis & Spanos 2009) (Popa & Vaida 2016) (Prashanth & Venkataram 2017) (Roh & Hong 2015) (Ruivo et al. 2017) (Sadigh et al. 2016) (Sanaranayake 2009) (Serdeira et al. 2012)

I X

Post

All

L

Cs SME D

(Shafiei et al. 2012) (Sprenger & Mönch 2014) (Zhai & Xu 2017) Total

X

X

X

3

X 24

X

7

X

X X

X

Reference

X

X X X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X X

X

(Aguirre Mayorga et al. 2012) (Bamidele & Van DerPoll 2013) (Bose et al. 2008) (Bouzid et al. 2015) (Brehm & Gómez 2010) (Chen et al. 2015) (Chung et al, 2011) (Colombi et al. 2016) (De Maria et al. 2010) (Ding & Sheng 2010) (Ekman et al. 2014) (Ferro et al. 2017) (Gholamzadeh et al. 2017) (Gholamzadeh et al. 2014) (Grabot et al. 2014) (Grant et al. 2013) (Han et al. 2014) (Hon & OU-Yang 2008) (Hsu 2013) (Hvolby & Trienekens 2010) (Kähkönen et al. 2016) (Lv et al. 2016) (Malhotra & Temponi 2010) (Nofal & Yusof 2013) (Ponis & Spanos 2009) (Popa & Vaida 2016) (Prashanth & Venkataram 2017) (Roh & Hong 2015) (Ruivo et al. 2017) (Sadigh et al. 2016) (Sanaranayake 2009) (Serdeira et al. 2012) (Shafiei et al. 2012) (Sprenger & Mönch 2014) (Zhai & Xu 2017) Total

X

X

X X X

X X X

X

X

X X

X

X X

X X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

3

X 20

Qn

Rm C/T X

M

L

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

9

0

X X X 18

6

2

Rm: Research Methodology (Ql: Qualitative, Qn: Quantitative, C/T: Conceptual-Theoretical Design, M: Mixed Method, L: Literature Review).

X

X

4

Table 3. Summary of relevant articles through the Research Methodology Analysis

NS X

X

X

8

Is: Implementation stage (Pre: Pre-Implementation, I: Implementation, Post: Post-Implementation, All: All Implementation Stages). CS: Company size (L: Large Company, SME: Small and Medium Enterprises, D: Diverse, NS: Not Specified).

Ql X

2

3.1 Integration Type

X

X

X

X

X

X X

X

Technical integration seems to be the focus of research; 34 out of 35 articles were related to this type of integration. Among the three types of technical integration, the most studied was system integration (23 articles out of 35). This integration type is followed by business integration, with fourteen articles that developed this topic. Socio-organizational integration appears to be the least studied type of integration (12 articles).

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Articles could be classified twice and even three times in a type of integration, as technical integration is the basis of business and socio-organizational integration.

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3.3 Implementation Stage and Integration Type A cross analysis between the implementation stage and integration type is presented in Table 4. Independent of the integration type, the implementation stage with the most research was found to be implementation. Few papers have studied all stages of the same research. Data integration has not been very well studied. Table 4. Implementation Stage and Integration Type focus of the studies Integration Type/ Implementation Stage Pre I Post All Total

S

D

A

B

S-O

Total

3 13 6 1 23

1 2 1 0 4

0 7 0 0 7

1 10 3 0 14

0 9 2 1 12

5 41 12 2

Scope: 35 articles, multiple selections were possible. Rows: Pre: Pre-Implementation, I: Implementation, Post: Post-implementation. Columns: S: System Integration, D: Data Integration, A: Architecture Integration, S-O: Socio-Organizational Integration.

Fig. 5. Integration type focus of studies (scope: 35 articles, multiple selections were admitted) 3.2 Implementation Stage Figure 6 illustrates the distribution of the implementation stage. Research has mostly focused on the implementation stage. Compared to this stage, pre-implementation and postimplementation stages have been poorly developed.

3.4 Company Size Focus A large portion of the articles studied did not specify the company size. Large companies are the most studied when a company size is specified.

It was possible to classify one article in different implementation stages. The multiple classifications concerned the pre-implementation and implementation stages as well as implementation and post-implementation.

Fig. 7. Company size focus of studies (scope: 35 articles) 3.5 Research Methodology Fig. 6. Implementation stage focus of the studies (scope: 35 articles, multiple selections were admitted)

The most common research methodology is conceptual or theoretical design. Qualitative studies, such as a case study or interviews consist of the second largest portion. Mixed methods refer to articles in which a literature review and qualitative/quantitative studies were combined.

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preferred ones. Simulation on virtual enterprises is also used as a validation tool, not as accurate as the preceding one (14%, 3 articles out of 21). On the other hand statistical studies such as: sensitivity tests, confirmatory factor analysis using partial least squares, ANOVA and MANOVA (Univariate and Multivariate analysis), and benchmarking allowed some authors to validate their propositions. Future research could examine the possibility to apply a diverse type of validation tools to provide more reliable and explanatory models. Fig. 8. Research Methodology focus of studies (scope: 35 articles) 4. CONCLUSION Not a lot of research has been done on data and architecture integration. Data integration has been a good alternative for new industry groups with IS integration plans (Inter and IntraOrganizational Integration), as often each stake holder or business unit has developed its own information system. Architecture integration is also a good option for interorganizational Integration because a process can be followed by different departments of the same company with different IS tools. These two areas present a good opportunity for research. Little research has studied all of the implementation stages during an integration IS project. When planning an ERP, IS integration enterprises need information that enables them to plan how to proceed with each stage in terms of technical, business and socio-organizational integration. This might be one of the reasons why enterprises must engage in consulting projects when implementing the integration of IS. There is coherence between the most common types of integration (Technical Integration) and the most used methodology of research (conceptual/Theoretical). Very little quantitative research has been done. This research methodology could help enterprises when integrating an ERP with other(s) Information Systems. Many studies do not specify a company’s size or system conditions such as level of expertise, project budget, purpose of integration and timing. These conditions are very different within large companies and SMEs. Nowadays, SMEs are commonly part of large companies’ Supply Chain. Integration of IS of different company size requires investment to reach the ERP level of big customer. It is therefore important to develop more research about IS integration between large companies and SMEs. In what concerns the way authors validated the proposed conceptual and theoretical models, a considerable part of the studied articles that used as research methodology conceptual/theoretical design, confirmed their propositions through a validation model (62%, 13 articles out of 21). In order to validate the proposed models authors privilege applications on real enterprises, being large companies the

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