The JAL guide to the professional literature

ABSTRACTING INDEXING Explorations Pointing,

O’Connor. ited, 1996. This

work examines

and technology

both from higher

materials

as well.

library-related education

and

journals

and those

outside

technology.

the library We

profession,

included

the basic question

exposition.

present alternatives

and Allan Pratt, Guide Editors

information

I-5G308-184-189.

par-

international

Book annotations allow the reader to decide quickly whether or not the book is worth reading; article annotations are designed to be informative, rather than descriptive. Items of the title of the source annospecial interest are indicated by shading and ** preceeding tated. Scope: Coverage is international, but includes only items published in English. ERIC reports and dissertations, in general, are excluded. Coverage is highly selective. Most emphasis is on issues of immediate relevance to academic libraries and higher education. Any reference books covered have implications for the operation of academic libraries.

PAGE

SUBJECT

PAGE

work

is not

and foster a recognition

of the user.

Indexing

A to Z, by Hans Wellisch.

from

H. W.

Wilson,

256

1996.

of

2nd

$40.00.

0-82420-882-X

“The second edition retains its original format of discrete, encyclopedia-style entries. And it remains an erudite, remarkably informative, but at the same time practical and thorough directory to back-of-the-book indexing. Written for a broad audience of duthors,

students,

and pro-

fessionals, it will also appeal to committed amdteurs who appreciate the art and science of organizing information.” Reviewer: Martin Dowding louma/ oiScho/u/y Puhli5hing. her 19961:

28, no.1,

(Otto-

60.

LIBRARIES

How Recent Developments Libraries Affect Research,

in University by Bob Erens.

ABSTRACTING & INDEXING ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

250

INFORMATION

250

INTERNATIONAL

ART COLLECTIONS

251

INTERNET

257

The

AUTOMATION

251

LIBRARIANSHIP

257

UK ac-ademics was to look at how well the uni-

251

LIBRARY

DESIGN

257

251

LIBRARY

HISTORY

257

ver5ity libraries were meeting their research needs. Results suggest thdt library collections

LIBRARY

INSTRUCTION

258

COLLECTION

DEVELOPMENT

COMMUNITY COLLEGES CONSERVATION & PRESERVATION COPYRIGHT & INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DISTANCE EDUCATION DOCUMENT DELIVERY EDUCATION FOR LIBRARIANSHIP ELECTRONIC LIBRARIES ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING ELECTRONIC RESERVES ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ERGONOMICS GOVERNMENT INFORMATION HIGHER EDUCATION INFORMATION LITERACY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

250

The Journal of Academic Librarianship

251

TECHNOLOGY

The

the importance

ACADEMIC SUBJECT

of how

intended to be a manual of indexing and abstracting, but rather a discourse that will

ISBN

in

Abstracting: by

Brian C. Libraries Unlim-

CO:

ISBN

$37.50.

and

Power,

and opportunities in the field of indexing and abstracting that are posed by the information

This guide provides readers with the maximum amount of information with the minimum amount of reading. The aim is to bring important items from various sources to the attention of those responsible for the operation of academic libraries. We summarize journal articles

and

Englewood,

ed.. New York:

ticularly

Indexing

to index and abstract information so that users can actually find it. He addresses the challenges

The JAL Guide to the Professional literature Ellen Altman

in Virtue,

&

LIBRARIANSHIP

258

MANAGEMENT ONLINE

INFORMATION

SYSTEMS

library

Managemenl

17, no. 8 (1996):

5-l 6.

257

258

5; STAFF

objective

of a 1995

survey

of over 2,000

are seen by their users to be deteriorating, ing access to important

journals

gain-

is becoming

increasingly clifficult, dnd, as a result, satisfaction with library c-o/&ions is declining. How-

252 252 253 253

PERSONNEL

253 253 254 254 254 254 255 256

REFERENCE

260

Subject Specialization in British University Libraries: A Second Survey, by J. V. Martin. ]cx/rna/ ofLihrdrimd7ip dnd Informalion kient-e

VIRTUAL

LIBRARIES

260

28, no. 3 (September

WOMEN

b; MINORITIES

261

2.56

WORLD

258

DEVELOPMENT PROFESSIONAL

EDUCATION SERVICE

SCHOLARLY SERVICE SERVICES

COMMUICATION

260

in the arts and humanities.

260

QUALITY TO

SPECIAL 260

POPULATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS

WIDE

to the increased availability

260

259 259

PUBLISHING

ever, due primarily

of electronic resources the level satisfaction with library wrvic e\ has risen. This satisfaction varies across disciplines; medical researchen were in general much more satisfied than those

WEB

2hl

1996):

159-l

69.

This study, following up one done by the author in 1982, examines the present state of subject

specialist

librarians

The expectation

in UK

academic

libraries.

from the earlier study that sub-

consists

of four chapters:

of organizing

become

less feasible

with the library building;

in the future has not been realized.

The present

liographic

ject specialization

would

study suggests that subject specialists placed by technological services are provided

to users.

“Disconnect” between Academic Librarians and Students, by Maribeth Ward. in Libraries

December 1996):

16, no. 10 (November/

dealing

the other two are bib-

[from the Introduction]

period a research firm con-

ducted 500 surveys, one-to-one interviews, and focus group meetings with academic

The

author,

assistant

director

for technical

University

Academic

ser-

Library

“while some common ground exists, most current academic library priorities do not address

avoiding special client software in the users’ PCs, and ability to support CD-ROM drives on

student

needs.

the network.

focused

on addressing

It is apparent

that libraries

are

challenges

and

internal

have lost sight of their serve the student.”

original

mission-to

services

were the ple CPUs, ware in

Among

the solutions

considered

L Chatterbox system, using multithe Bulletin Board System (BBS) softwidespread use, and Everywhere

J&

Access. (EA/2) selected.

which

excellent

purport

which

became

the

“coolness” A list

authors

review a number

of criteria

to the digital serious

bases accessible

in CD-ROM

mats. Among the former With are

and WWW

group, Passion

Eyes (for children)

Open

recommended.

Few

for-

for Art,

and Great

Web

sites

COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT

now

used

standing, but one of the best IS WebMuseum. Many famous museums show themselves poorly on the Web. Addresses of the CD-ROM URLs for article.

the Web

sites

publishers,

are included

and in the

medium.

While

COMMUNITY

Bryant.

Community

College & Research ber 1996):

Libraries

57, no. 5 (Septem-

429-437.

Despite

predictions

circulation developers their work, libraries libraries

B.

Press,

McCabe. 1996.

Westport,

$59.95.

ISBN

no.

5

that data from

CT:

Greenwood

automated

systems would allow collection in academic libraries to improve this survey of nearly 80 academic

reveals that, with few exceptions, are not making use of this information. were offered by

which some pre-

introduction

summarizes

its

theme and the topic of each chapter. Part cerns public services in academic libraries,

I con-

ticularly

with

that

online

briefly

and

offline

IL:

American $13.50

Development

“Each of the three parts of this book begins with an

Guide for Training Collection Development Librarians, edited by Susan L. Fales. Chicago, $15.00,

par-

automated

information services. Part II covers technical services, especially the organization of the library’s principal database, the online catalog. Part III

No. 8.1 ISBN

Library Association, 1996. for ALA Members. (Collection and

Management

W.

of Research

(September/October

“middle

majority”

of high school students,

institution

or

to

planning to attend a 4enter

the

immediately

upon graduation,

this

“Tech-prep,”

article.

work

force

are the focus of

a plan

intended

education

with

specific

programs

Guides,

O-8389-3463-3.

training

and some

popular,

but ha3

now fallen from favor, in large measure because the tech prep concept and clearly

defined.

was never adequately

The

author

proposed

a

new model of a tech prep program which can is. It consists secondary options

of an array of options and

postsecondary

program

at both the level.

These

allow the program to be tailored

needs of a particular industrial strengths.

community’s

to the

business

and

Persistence by Z-year College Graduates to 4year Colleges and Universities, by Stephen L. Dworkin. Research ber 1996):

Community

College

/ournd

of

& Practice 20, no. 5 (Septemberlocto445-454. of over

3,700

holders

degrees from community cut was undertaken

of associate

colleges in Connecti-

to determine

the extent to

which members

of that group went on to a 4-

year institution.

The

results

higher the perceptions support in community

indicated

that the

of social and institutional colleges and the higher

the age of the graduates,

This guide is designed to assist collection development officers, in conjunction with selectors,

to col-

was developed

be marketed much as a college transfer

dicted, so there is as yet no incentive to change present practices.

O-3 13-29633-2.

by Donald

College ]ournal

c9, Praclice 20, 1996): 413-425.

A study

ard

are some

COLLEGES

Tech Prep at the Crossroads,

lege

** Data-Guided Collection Development: A Promise Unfulfilled, by Dennis P. Carrigan.

to the increased accountability

and Managing Academic Library Projects, by John W. Head & Cer-

there

rate and reliable sources.

ten years ago. It was initially

Several reasons for this non-use

Introducing Automation

print

appropriate

reviews available, much more should be

apprenticeship

the survey participants, but possibly the real reason is that these libraries are not yet subject

AUTOMATION

to evaluate

integrate secondary school and community

Artkt.5

are out-

on

done along these lines to guide users to accu-

The

13-23.

of fine art data-

these to seri-

and too little on accuracy and depth.

sources is given, with modifications

year

Multimedia Databases of Fine Arts: CD-ROM and Online, by Peter Jasc6 & Judit Tiszai. Data-

The

well-suited

option

ART COLLECTIONS

1996):

to abysmal.

to evaluate

are not particularly

the 50% who are neither

hare 19, no. 6 (December

sources available on

from

(San Antonio, TX), investigated a number of options for remote access to the library’s resources. The selection critera included avoiding a bank of modems in the library, the extent to which various terminals could be emulated,

and students.

The

varies

ous users, as they put far too much emphasis

The study showed that

librarians

The quality of information the Internet sources

Remotely Possible? Simple Remote Access to the Network, by Margaret Sylvia. Computers in Libratie,, 16, no. 10 (November/December 1996): 63-67.

vices at St. Mary’s

22-23.

Over a four-month

essays.”

another

will be dis-

shifts in the ways library

** A

Computers

one setting out means

for automation;

were to persist to a 4-year

the more

apt they

institution.

in developing their own training program. Training activities are centered on both traditional materials and electronir collections. It includes modules on collection development policies, the selection and review process, navigating the electronic

network,

CONSERVATION PRESERVATION

and deselection.

Beyond “Cool”: Analog Models for Reviewing Digital Resources, by James Rettig. Online 20,

Office

no. 5 (September/October

DC:

1996):

52-62.

Digitizing

Technologies

of Management Association

&

for Preservation, Services.

of Research

by

Washington,

Libraries,

May 1997

1996.

251

$40.00.

$25.00

to ARL Members

(ARL Spec Kit

i

The

similarities

distance

214).

correspondence This

Kit documents

digital

the tremendous

preservation

libraries.

Projects

projects

variety

underway

are described

scope, and types of materials

in ARL

in terms of size,

being digitized,

well as hardware dnd software

issues.

information

materials

tion,

on project

of

status,

indexing,

bibliographic

and production

are included.

as

Detailed selec-

control,

staffing

between

education

the developments

generally,

study

in

beginning

the

similar

evolution

ence education, projected:

(I

to

1800s

present day use of the Internet,

in with the

library

and information

needs of students

science

in West

and Georgia have been successful”

Virginia

(p. 879).

compared with

by library and information

sci-

are stressed.

are

1distance

to meet the education

Four

trends

education will grow rap-

idly; (2) so will the use of networked

technolo-

gies for this purpose; (3) learning will be done at home, and via computers rather than print; and (4) costs for this form of education will fall.

Collaborative Technologies in Inter-University Instruction, by Maurita Peterson Holland. journal

of the American Sac-iety for information

Science 47, no. 11 (November During

1995

University

the University

of Illinois

1996):

857-862.

of Michigan and the

schools of library and infor-

mation science offered a joint course on Infor-

Issues and Challenges for the Distance Independent Environment, by Howard Besser. louma/

COPYRIGHT & INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

In an environment technically

possible,

for a researcher

but probably

to publish

edly” via the Internet. experiment which

in

model

and

copyright.

does

not

publisher expect

retained

the

since,

universities

papers.

now does this.

“every-

Johns

Hopkins

to those universi-

ties pay their staff to conduct resedrch and then from

major kinds. The first is that classroom presentation differs. This includes changes in presentation material, instructor and in the interaction

instructor. The second is that more instructional support is needed, from both the technical staff and the librdry staff. Even teaching assistants will need new skills. Third, tedching the same

Copyright

Stephanie

C. Ardito.

ber/October

under

Online

1996):

20, no. 5 (Septem-

83-88.

The status of legal rights and copyright electronic

materials

and confused. decisions

continues

There

on various

customers related

to be clouded legal

points in both the U.S.

and

of service

providers

post on the service.

to electronic

issues

is

for what their Many questions

communication

open. Is it, for example, save HTML

regarding

are contradictory

abroad. One of the most contentious the liability

by

Siege,

a copyright

to

code received from another source

and use all or part of it in one’s own Web Page?

DISTANCE EDUCATION Distance Education in North American Library and Information Science Education: Applications of Technology and Commitment, by Daniel D. Barron. journal of the American

Society

no. 11 (November

The Journal

for information 1996):

Science

805-810.

of Academic

Librarianship

were

Web tools. points

47,

clearly.

turers

provides

Cognition

provide

such

was

developing

new

guest lec-

and evaluation

of edc h

by MdrCid

learning,

of the Amexan

Science

47,

no.

Society

11

technologies

for

(November

allow instructors

distance learning environments

to design

with all the fea-

courses and more. The author

argues thdt students

who take an autonomous

instruction

tend to learn from

most courses.

To help designers

thdt transform

passive students

create courses

into autonomous

learners, this article draws on recent resedrch on instruction.

The duthor describes the scaffolded

knowledge

integration

sists

framework,

of (1) accessible visible;

course

which con-

goals;

(2) making

(3) encouraging autonomy;

(4) the social nature

of learning.

to interpret

current

and

She uses this approaches

to

distdnce ledrning.

The Future Is Distance Training: It’s the Year 2001. Do You Know Where Your Employees Are?, by Don Picard. Training .3.1 (November 1996):

~3-510.

Exponential

growth

of

distance

MLIS Distance Education at the University of South Carolina: Report of a Case Study, by

expected

Gayle Douglas. journal of the American Society for information Science 47, no. 11 (November 19961: 875-879.

sure to cut educational

expenses,

to diffuse

faster

In 1992 the University of South Carolina’s College of Librdry dnd Information Science undertook the delivery of its MLS degree program to a 3-year cohort of students in West Virginia dnd Georgia through a combination of live interac-

via the Internet

tive telecommunicdtions instruction dnd onsite class meetings in each state. “Based on initial response from students, reactions from the professional communities, and discussions among the faculty, it appears that the College’s efforts

were:

imperative;

826-842.

frdmework

will allow faculty members to materials themselves. [Abstract]

several

them

takes time;

and Distance

Information

used, because of the amount of staff time necessary to develop the Web site as well as to digitize materials for it. Library staff will not be able needed to dig-

phone

valuable insights.

journal

thinking

itize and load the material on the Web. The only reasonable option is to develop tools that

Among

protocols

need guidelines;

session

ing exotic languages. However, it would be prohibitively expensive to replicate the model

to provide the necessary support

Among

via PCs, dnd other

ration is very time-consuming; conversational

stance towards

in Old

were

dudio is more critical than video, course prepa-

tures of traditional

class

electronic

sources

conferences,

redundance

technological

haber. journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, no. 11 (November 1996):

a graduate

of

From the faculty viewpoint,

Distance learning and Digital Libraries: Two Sides of a Single Coin, by Charles B. Faul-

teaching

video

teleconferences

emerged

1996):

Catalan language and literature from UC Berkeley to UC Irvine and UC San Diego shows that doing so can lower the per-pupil cost of tedch-

number

and WWW

to be accomplished.

ISDN

conferences,

Fourth, the level of control which the instructor has over the students decreases dramatically.

are still

violation

ing on the tasks these

C. Linn.

854-856.

A

used for various aspects of the course, depend-

course at multiple campuses requires administrative change in such matters as course credit.

Experience

Electronic

dress and delivery style, between students and

publishers”

(p.33).

252

from the traditional same time/same place instructional model. These changes are of four

Resources. such as e-mail

Modern

discov-

University

“After all, why should

have to buy back the results

817-820.

now routinely

researchers’

they could also retain copyright

researchers’

an

publishing

model to become popu-

retain patent rights to their eries,

describes

journal

the

author-is-a-publisher” lar. However,

impractical,

author-publisher-library

which

He

it is

“singlehand-

McKnight

the

in

results

electronic

follows

publication

1996):

The author outlines changes in infrastructure that are frequently necessary when one breaks

30-33.

of electronic

Society for information

Stience 47, no. 11 (November

Copyright in the Electronic Domain: An Author’s View, by Cliff McKnight. Library Management 17, no. 8 (1996):

of the American

mation tools,

sons:

learning

is

in the next five years, for three rea-

dramatically

lower costs,

information

increased

pres-

and the need

and more

effec-

tively. The author predicts that group videoconferences will become common; sonal

thdt education

will grow rapidly;

computers

will

and that per-

be increasingly

used

in

such distance programs.

Role of libraries piled

by Carolyn

in Distance Education, conA. Snyder,

Susan

Barbdra C. Preece. Washington, tion of Research Libraries, 1996. 21 6.)

Logue,

&

DC: Associa(ARL SPEC Kit

While

two thirds

to this survey

of the 43 libraries

indicated

participating

in distance

only

libraries

seven

administering

this

responding

that their

institution

education

have

campus

plete table of all these sources, is

learning,

responsibility program.

for

Very

but about half are involved

support

for faculty.

distance

education

services

such as ILL,

remote

access

arrangements

Most

support

few

to

the

in instruc-

involved

with

a range of library

phone

reference

library’s

with other libraries

service,

catalog,

and

to support

the

students.

A small

ELECTRONIC LIBRARIES

project was set up to assist students

dents either

conducted

or the librarian

Planning for the Twenty-First Century: The California State University, by Stuart A. Sutof the American Sot-iety for Informa1996):

821.

825.

documents

their

own searches

searched, various

in,

medical data-

The student then con-

bibliography

from that list. The

and requested library

staff then

acquired the article from one of a variety of sites if it was not readily dvailahle nearby. The project was sufficiently expanded

to serve

successful

other

that it is being

departments

of the

College.

The San Jose State University and Information Chancellor

School of Library

Science and the Office

prototype

near-broadcast video with

network.

quality

hypermedia

resources

and

across the network.

Fac-

computer

from faculty

labs. [Abstract]

DELIVERY

1996): There

and Libraries

16,

no.

6 (October

29-30. are a number

of sources

on the WWW

which will assist librarians

in both learning more

dbout document

services

delivery

and keeping

up to date on the latest developments

in the cit-

ing of documents

in a con-

ventionally

which do not exist

citable

format.

The

web sites maintain

current

information

following

two

on the

citation issues: http://www.cc.emory.edu/WHSCL/citation.for-

Library

of schools

and information

1996):

of library measures

of author

program,

library,

of an ARL

school exists

and the fact that a

in a Carnegie 1 research university

are all

related

to a high

author-productivity

ranking.

The presence of a certificate program is

not. [Abstract]

Deans Rank Indicators of Effectiveness for Schools of Library and Information Studies, by Rebecca Watson-Boone & Darlene Weingand. lournal of Education for Library and Information kience

37, no. 1 (Winter

studies

1996):

some

70

14, no. 6 (December

The

1996):

523-542.

“essential,”

importance” a school.

“highly

Some

of

these

These

ery services is analyzed.

Providers

deliv-

are described

“of low

to know about

statements

responses

those of the ALA Committee of document

state-

represented

were;

accreditation status, reputation of faculty in the profession, size of faculty and characteristics of the students. senior

academic

employers.

There

were compdred on Accreditation,

administrators,

alumni,

is high agreement

and

between

in three different categories. There are six services, one of which is OCLC, which do not

deans and COA, but less between dedns and academic administrators at institutions with

maintain

library and information science programs, and between deans and alumni. The agreement is lowest between deans and employers. The lat-

their

own collection

cles, but depend

on other

of full-text

sources.

arti-

A second

group of seven includes those which do have their own full-text copies, such as UMI. A third group of suppliers as BIOSIS

specialize

(also seven in number)

such

in particular topics. A com-

ter consider it more important to respond to the needs of the profession, while the former put more importance

on leading it.

A.

Craig

Hawbaker. 1996):

Database

19,

no.

6

59-62.

The authors examined 130 titles which were claimed to be available online in full text. Mdny inconsistencies were found. Of the 130 titles, 16 had only abstracts, no full text at all. Of the others, only a few appeared to have consistent full-text coverage. They found missing articles, missing issues, incorrect citations, questionable editorial decisions, and typographical errors. They suggest that libraries should be very cautious about large scale cancellation of print versions until they have confirmed that the online coverage is accurate.

Digital Structure, Digital Design: Issues in Designing Electronic Publications, by Michael Jensen. journal of Scholarly Publithing (October 1996): 13-22.

28, no. 1

The deans

indicator

important”

or “not important”

30-43.

of library and

was undertaken.

asked to rank

matters

& J. Eric Davies.

produc-

The presence of a doctoral

information

An Overview of Commercial Electronic Document Delivery Suppliers and Services, by San-

**

250-271.

and information

ments as to whether the statements

The recent rapid expansion

ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING

tivity are consistent.

were

mla.html

Elec-lronir- Library

electronic, digital, and virtual. The primary difference is that there is progressively less and less contact between patrons and librarians as one moves from polymedia to virtual libraries. He discusses two projects he has undertaken in this area, OASIS (Open Access Student Information Service) and a personal dynamic libraries, which students created via off-the-

(December

for

A survey of deans of departments

mdtshtml http://www.cas.usf.edu/english.iwalker/

dra P. Price, Anne Morris,

which

nal of Education

Rankings

Delivery, by Janet Balas.

** Beyond Document

of the changes

Investigating a Full-Text Journal Database: A Case of Detection, by Anna Crzeszkiewicz &

science by various

Computers

some

discusses

have taken place in libraries as a result of the emergence of new computer technologies. He identifies four types of libraries which he terms polymedia (i.e., more or less conventional),

Authorship as a Measure of the Productivity of Schools of Library and Information Science, by Bert R. Boyce & Carol Hendren. /ourScience 37, no. 3 (Summer

DOCUMENT

Barker

491-501.

work is facilitated

video teleconferencing

offices and student

EDUCATION FOR LIBRARIANSHIP

interactive

access to multi-

ulty and student collaborative by desktop

1966):

an

It can support

two-way

simultaneous

no. 6 (December

shelf software.

of the

have designed and implemented

extensive

Living Books and Dynamic Electronic Libraries, by Philip Barker. The Electronic- Library 14,

in

the Emergency Medical Services program at Kapiolani Community College (Hawaii). Stu-

sulted the resulting

tion Science 47, no. 11 (November

particular

The Inner Workings of a Document Delivery Pilot Project, by Jan Zastrow. Computer, and Libraries 16, no. 6 (October 1996): 20-24.

bases such as MEDLINE.

ton. journal

their

is included.

programs,

are involved in the technical aspects of distance tional

features and their addresses

Whereas in print publications, content elements can be shown only in visual form, in digital presentation function can he expanded via hypertext. Digital designers must enrich the content appropriately, let the market guide the design, know when to stop, not recreate paper in digital form, and provide appropriate products and utilities for their audiences. Consideration of the purpose

of the publication,

the use

of the publication, the audience and the market will help to identify appropriate design choices. [Abstract]

** Denotes important interesting item.

and

May 1997

253

The Librarian as Publisher: A World Wide Web Publishing Project, by Mark Stover. Computers and Libraries 16, no. 6 (October 1996): 40-43. The

author

moved

a non-profit

journal

to the

Web so as to not merely recreate the print version,

but to add value to it by using Web

fea-

tures that are simply not available in print, most conspicuously, the ability to insert hyperlinks to either various portions of the articles themselves, or to external sources. This can, however, easily be overdone. It is quite possible to both confuse the reader and obscure the author’s purpose with excessive hyperlinking.

ELECTRONIC

RESERVES

Transforming Libraries; Issues and Innovations in Electronic Reserves, by George J. Soete. (SPEC Kit 217). Washington, ation of Research Libraries, 1996.

DC: Associ-

This is the pilot issue of a new ARL series, Transforming Librarie.5. The purpose of the series is to put subscribers in touch with people who are leading technological change in North American libraries. It will focus on how libraries are using technology to transform services and operations. All issues of the series will be available on the Internet, at http://arl.cni.org/transform/. This initial issue covers the key issues in establishing an electronic reserves system. These are: Who will build the system? Who will do the work? implemented?

What access restrictions will be How will copyright be handled?

What will it cost? Information is provided from San Diego State University, Duke University, Northwestern University, Marist College, Rochester Institute of Technology, nology, Washington

Virginia Institute of TechResearch Libraries Consor-

tium, Colorado State University, Santa Clara University, UMI, and the Copyright Clearing

increased

ing the journal

ELECTRONIC

RESOURCES

** Some Thoughts on the Access v. Holdings Debate, by John Blagden. Library Management 17, no. 8 (1996):

28-29.

Interlibrary loan data for 1991 through 1994 in the UK show that the volume of such loans is decreasing slightly, contrary to popularly held views that it is going up. A number of policy points need to be clarified before UK universities will be able to work out equitable ILL or other access arrangements. An experiment was undertaken at the Cranfield Biotechology Center, in which all journals formerly taken at the Center were canceled in exchange for liberal use of the Uncover service. The total cost to the

The Journal

of Academic

Librarianship

bv 30 oercent, even after tak-

sav(ngs into account.

This

is the

Accessing Electronic Journals and Other EPublications: An Empirical Study, by Stephen P. Harter Librdries

& Hak Joon Kim.

College & Research

57, no. 5 (September

Data are reported

1996):

eighth

humanities,

440-455.

series

commenting of 181

on the accuracy of informa-

journal archives, methods used to retrieve current and back issues, and the variety of data for-

on

social

of articles

science,

databases

are covered,

in a

summarizing

on new database products. of which

88%

and A total

are totally

new. Many of the new ones are full-text multimedia

databases. There

ion articles:

tion in printed directories of e-journals, the accessibility of e-journal articles, the status of e-

article

news and general

continuing

and

one covering

medicine

(STM)

and

are two compan-

science, technology,

appeared

in

Online

&

CDROM Review, vol. 20, no. 4, and the other, covering business and law (BSL) will appear in Online & CDROM Review, vol. 20, no.6.

mats used by e-journals. Data are also presented on the accessibility of the texts of electronic publications referenced by e-journal articles. Only 45% of the attempts to connect to

ERGONOMICS

e-journal archives were successful on the first attempt. The bulk of these failures were caused by errors in the directory data. The findings illustrate the practical problems that can arise when users attempt to retrieve the texts of electronic publications, and reveal relatively poor accessibility and usability of the e-journals studied. Implications for academic and research libraries are considered. [Abstract]

Library Consortia Change the Rules, by Kathy Miller.

Computers

(November/December

in

Libraries 16, 1996): 20-21.

no.

10

Speakers at a September meeting sponsored by the National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services described new arrangements being developed between librdry consortia and database vendors. Those from the library profession outlined the kinds of arrangements they wish, such as the ability to serve “non-standard” patrons, while vendor speakers described the ways in which they have changed their practices in response to these requests. One publisher has, for example, changed its production processes, its corporate structure, and its editorial policies.

Banking on Information, by Marydee Ojala. Databdse 19, no. 5 (October 1996): 76-78. Financial

House.

254

librarv

information

about banks and related

institutions is avdifabfe from a wide range of Internet sources. Not only is the primary trade newspaper, The Americ-an Banker, online, information can be found on DdtaStar, DdtaTimes EyeQ, Dialog, NewsNet, and Lexis-Nexis, among others. In addition, many banks are themselves creating Web pages providing basic information

about themselves.

New Database Products: Social Sciences, Humanities, News and General (Issue 8), by Martha E. Williams & Eric Novotny. On/me & CDROM Review 20, no. 5 (October 1996): 239-250.

** Denotes important interesting item.

and

1

Eyestrain: Computer puters

The Number One Complaint of Users, by Rosmarie Atencio. Comand Libraries 16, no. 8 (September

1996):

40-43.

Of the various strain, the most ing directly into being reflected

problems associated with eyecommon one is glare, light comthe user’s eyes from a source, or off the VDT screen itself. Either

the source of the glare must be eliminated,

the

screen moved to a better position, or a hood placed over it. Another common problem is that the VTD is of poor quality (flicker, poor focus) or its controls for contrast and brightness are badly adjusted. Users should tdke a break from using a screen every two hours or so, and perform some of the various and refresh one’s eyes.

Ergonomic

Products

on

exercises

Parade,

Miller. Computers and Libraries tember, 1996): 44-46.

to rest

by

Kathy

16, no. 8 (Sep-

A number of products are on the market to fill various ergonomic needs. Software is dvaifable which runs in the background but brings up “friendly reminders” to take a break now and then. Another software product alerts users of dangerous trends, either in repetitive keyboard and mouse movements, in failure to take breaks. Special pain-reducing gloves are available as well, to reduce the numbness and tingling often associated with prolonged keyboard work. Wrist rests of various types are also marketed. The most conspicuous devices are the various keyboards designed along nontrdditional lines, some of which separate into two pdrts.

GOVERNMENT INFORMATION United States Government Keeping America Informed. Government

Printing

“GPO’S www www.access.gpo.govl

Office,

Printing

Office:

Washington, 1996.

DC:

homepage [http:// featuring its flagship datd-

base, GPO Access, demonstrates ditionally the

print-oriented

Internet

as an information

mechanism.. vices link. ography

how even tra-

agencies are turning

to

dissemination

cise, yet complete,

Patterned series,

this

agency

information

policy agents.”

[from the Introduction.]

after GPO’s service

Subject

enables

users

servers

containing

on the topic

Subject Guide ence Sources,

13,

no 4.

to U.S. Government J. Hardy

Refer& Judith

Schick Robinson. 2nd ed. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1996. $45.00. ISBN l56308-189-X.

Jon P.

Lund,

Oblander.

Karen

San

ISBN

The authors associated assessment.

developing

They

institutional

address assessment

companion sources typical citation formats, and differentiation between similar titles. Addresses have been given for titles available free from along with many agency toll-free e-mail addresses, and Web URLs.

and

manner

strategies

effective

the fields of

that

services, leads

the

of effective

and their

an excellent

utility.

The

_.

guide for colleges

to develop

ment strategies

reader

in higher education in a creunderstanding

provides

the

student

to a clear

and universities

notes,

book

move

straightforward

reader

W.

1996.

to ones of empower-

who represent

research

assessment

successful

based on sound

assess-

principles

and

practice so that higher education

can

more effectively serve society.” Reviewer: Wynetta Y. Lee Community College Review. 24, no. 1 (Summer 1996):

53.

Finding Overseas Markets with Uncle Sam’s Help: International Trade Resources on the Net, by Daniel E. Kubiske. Database 19, no. 5

Faculty at Work: Motivation, Expectation Satisfaction, by Robert T. Blackburn & Janet H.

(October

versity

1996):

46-51.

Lawrence.

Baltimore,

Press,

MD:

1995.

John Hopkins

$39.95.

ISBN

Within the past few years, many federal agencies have put much of their data on the Internet,

“This

book provides

a fascinating

look into the

usually in the form of Web pages. Among the ones noted in this article are: STAT-USA (http:/

multifaceted

/www.stat.usa.gov) publishers of the National Trade Data Bank, dealing with both exports and

as a milestone

of theoretical

The

is that faculty members’

imports; the International Trade Association (http://www.ita.doc.gov) offers a view of the

tion

international trade market; the Small Business Administration (http://www.sba.gov; and the Trade

Representative

(http://

Revised

and expanded

phies and Indexes

ed.

in Law and Political

No. 24. Westport, CT: Greenwood $59.95. ISBN O-313-29765-7.

BibliograScience,

Press, 1996.

“This volume endeavors to answer two questions: First, over which aspects of individual, organizational, national and international affairs does the U.S. government exert authority or influence? Second, which units of the federal establishment are empowered to probe and pursue which matters? This guide aims to fully cover and maximize access to the realm of federal business. Its content and format offer a con-

life of faculty

bers. It is a work of empirical key result and

more

expectation

strongly

than

substance

memas well

conceptualization.

predict

their

motivabehavior

sociodemographic

and

career variables do.” Reviewer: Cerhard Sonnert louma/

of Higher

ber/December

Accessing U.S. Government Information: Subject Guide to Jurisdiction of the Executive and Legislative Branches, compiled by Jerrold Zwirn.

professional

Education,

1996):

Directions

with

and interfreshmen’s

a campus bureaucracy, and coping strate-

definitions

gies. Though frustrated by lines, impersonal treatment and “run-arounds,” most freshmen accepted the bureaucracy with superficial equanimity. This research helps explains how bureaucracies continue to function despite inherent strains and differences in client and staff perspectives and goals.

** Study Strategies Have Meager Support: A Review with Recommendations for Implementation, by Allyson Fiona Hadwin & Philip H. Winne.

journal

of Higher Education 67, no. 1996): 692-715.

6 (November/December

Despite heavy interest in courses designed to improve students’ study skills, there is virtually no evidence that these courses do in fact accomplish that aim. “Over the last seven years, only 9% of 566 articles published about study skills and learning strategies report any sort of empirical test of these interventions’ effects on tasks typically undertaken by postsecondary students.... Our review documents that there is a very scant research base upon which to ground recommendations for study tactics that populate the many handbooks available or to justify mounting costly programs that promise to improve students’ study skills.” (p.711)

67, no. 6 (Novem-

The Higher Education Act of 1992: Skills, Constraints and the Politics of Higher Education, by Susan B. Hannah. journal of Higher Education 1996): The

67, 498-527.

adoption

no.

5

(September/October

of the Higher

Education

Act of

1992 (HEA ‘92) formalized a significant shift in federal financial aid policy from grants to loans. A case study of the federal policy-making process, HEA ‘92 illustrates how shifts in the power of actors and constraints in the environment shape policy outcomes. [Abstract]

717-718.

Faculty Teaching and Research: Is There a Conflict?, edited by John M. Braxton. (New For Institutional

San Francisco:

draws on observation

UniO-801-

84942-X.

Office of the U.S. www.ustr.gov).

67, no. 6

660-691.

and implementing

skillfully

from feelings of ineptness

ative,

& Frances

Jossey-Bass,

“relieve some of the apprehension with

under each main subject and lists titles alphabetically within subdivisions. The annotations background

E. Black,

Francisco:

research

early encounters focusing on their

O-7879-134-2.

ence, Social Sciences, Science and Technology, and Humanities) the book further subdivides

focus on scope, omissions,

1996):

view data to examine traditional-age

Assessment in Practice: Putting Principles to Work on College Campuses, by Trudy Banta,

ment. The authors,

Nearly 900 new titles have been added to this edition, and all other entries updated. Arranged in four broad subject categories (General Refer-

This

HIGHER EDUCATION

$34.95.

by Gayle

of Higher Education

to

additional

Quarter/y,

journal

(November/December

being researched....

format.” Reviewer: Bert Chapman Covernmenl information (1996): 411-412.

First Encounters of the Bureaucratic Kind: Early Freshman Experiences with a Campus Bureaucracy, by Glen J. Codwin & William T. Markham.

Bibli-

GPO has made a positive inaugural foray into providing government information in electronic

agencies, numbers,

of contemporary

A key feature is the Pathway Ser-

select various topics by keyword and connect to Federal

overview

public affairs and governmental

Jossey-Bass,

Research, 1996.

No. 90).

$20.00.

ISBN

Action Research into the Quality of Student Learning: A Paradigm for Faculty Development, by David Kember & Jan McKay. journal of Higher Education 67, no. 5 (September/ October 1996): 528-554.

O-7879-9898-2.

A

Nine

research projects for faculty development, In these projects participants examine and seek to

chapters

in this

volume

opinions

regarding

between

research

research

as an intrusion

other authors teaching. clusion

the

express

tensions

and teaching. on

various

or

conflicts

Some

regard

teaching,

while

argue that it contributes

case

is

advanced

for

educational

action

improve selected aspects of their own teaching. Regular meetings allow for perspective transformation through discourse. Gathering interpre-

to better

In the last of those chapters, the conis reached that,

research

activity

meeting

the educational

the undergraduate

with

few exceptions,

does not hinder

faculty from

needs of students

at

level.

May 1997

255

tive

data

provides

uncommitted result

evidence

departmental

in publications.

to

convince

colleagues and can

[Abstract]

University

ment],

An Alternative Definition of Quality of Undergraduate College Education: Toward Usable Knowledge for Improvement, by Robert C. Nordvall

& John M. Braxton.

Higher Education 67, ber 1996): 483-497.

journal

of

of Delaware

through

the efforts

of

four different areas of the university [one of which was the library’s public service departeach

with

significant

offering faculty instruction

experiences

k eys to success for other similar programs.

and suggests some

institutions

planning

3 (1996):

Research 18, no.

Science

277-278.

Digital Accessibility: Changing Hierarchies, June Lester. information

no. 5 (SeptemberiOcto-

This article critiques traditional approaches to defining academic quality and offers an alterna-

James M. Matarazzo

in

and service. This arti-

cle describes this experience

Reviewer:

Library & information

Bulletin

Information

of the American

Science 22,

ber 19961:

Value

in

by Melanie J. Norton

&

Society for

no. 6 (AugustiSeptem-

21-25.

The Critical Place of Information Literacy in the Trend Towards Flexible Delivery in Higher Education Contexts, by Rigmor George

The increasing use of electronic communication

&

internal

hierarchies

Allowing

direct customer

Rosemary

Luke.

Australian

Academic

&

such

as e-mail

has dramatically of

affected the

large

organizations.

tive perspective the overcomes the limitations of the traditional approaches. This alternative

Research Libraries 204-212.

approach proposes that academic quality should focus on fundamental course-level academic processes and that quality of such processes is defined as the level of understanding of course content expected of students. [Abstract]

Higher education institutions are moving from a model of face-to-face/distance education to what is called flexible delivery. Within this context, information literacy is pivotal in flexible

employees direct access to the CEO and other upper management. These new and volumi-

teaching and learning because it enables individuals to engage in a variety of learning situa-

an efficient

Reorganizing the Faculty Workforce for Flexibility: Part-Time Professional Labor, by Gary Rhoades. journal of Higher Education 67, no. 6 (November/December 1996): 626-659. This study of the collective bargaining agreements in 183 unionized institutions found that, in regard to part-time faculty, there is extensive managerial discretion; there are few professional constraints regarding their use, appointment, and retention; and few constraints regarding the ratio of full-time to part-time faculty.

Inter-Institutional Data Exchange: When to Do It, What to Look For, and How to Make It Work, edited by James F. Trainer. (New Directions for Institutional Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 7879-9874-5.

Research, no. 1996. $20.00.

89) San ISBN O-

The chapter authors highlight the benefits and risks associated with participating in inter-insti-

process by providing comparative data, but also identify potential problems in the process such as ensuring confidentiality.

LITERACY

Teaming Up to Develop a Faculty Institute on Teaching, Learning and Technology, by Janet R. de Vry, Judy A. Greene, Sandra Millard & Patricia Sine. Cause/Effect 19, no. 3 (Fall 1996): 22-27. A week-long Faculty Institute on Teaching, Learning and Technology was developed at the

256

The Journal

of Academic

Librarianship

ously-insulated cause serious

input to various

previ-

parts of the organization can disruption, as can allowing

nous information flows will require organizational changes so that they can be dealt with in

major challenge to the institutional structures and work practices of staff within universities. [Abstract]

Understanding Scientific Knowledge and Communication: Library and Information Science in the Undergraduate Curriculum, by Brett Sutton. journal of Education and information Science 37, no. 1996): 11-29.

for Library 1 (Winter

and useful manner.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Libraries of the Future Project, by Ceris Bergen. Library 41.

tion science, which traditiondlly operate at the grdduate and professional level, to meet the increasing need in undergraduate curricula for new forms of information-oriented instruction.

17, no. 8 (1996):

Management

Bergen summarizes

The article describes an experimental undergraduate seminar on the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge. It is suggested that courses such as this represent an opportunity for schools of library and informa-

ies of the Future”

the findings

36-

of the “Librar-

project which aimed to find

out what happens if a range of multimedia and communications technologies is made available in school and college libraries. She concludes with a series of recommendations for policy mdkers, and for teachers and librarians. Among the suggestions for the latter group are: improving one’s own computer-related skills, learning new techniques for tutorial support, and identification

of local resources

which can be called

on if needed.

Information to Change the World: Fulfilling the Information Needs of Technology Transfer, by Josh Berman. Databdse 19, no. 5 (Octo-

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

ber 1996):

The Fourth Resource: Information and Its Management, edited by David P. Best. Brookfield, VT:

AslibiCower,

1996.

$54.95.

ISBN

O-

56607-696-g. “David

INFORMATION

1996):

tions and opportunities. This focus on metaskills within the educational context presents a

tutional data exchanges and describe the various types of exchanges available. They describe the mechanics of data exchange from rudimentary copying of paper surveys and reports to more technologically advanced electronic data submission and retrieval. Typically the data exchanged involves such items as SAT scores of incoming freshmen, overall GPAs. They indicate how exchanges can enhance the planning

27, no. 3 (September

Best, editor

Technology

dnd partner

with the consulting firm of Touche Ross in the U.K., argues that information is now the fourth resource taking its place alongside people, money and physical resources. _.Best first notes that information management is the province of too many professions-records managers, librarians, archivists, knowledge engineers, etc. Second, he wants to bring all these disparate professions together with a focus on information management.... Best rightly points out that all of us involved in the management of information need to come together if we are to be heard.”

transfer,

the process of ddapting or

adopting a technology developed in one area for the same or different use in another, can be greatly

aided by using

resources. of the volume

35-44.

A number

agencies,

as well

as

electronic

information

of federal

government

many

universities,

dre

actively using the WWW and other Internet resources to encourage technology transfer both in the United States dnd elsewhere.

Stowing Your Stuff: Mass Storage Options, by Walt

Crawford.

December Despite

Online

1996):

predictions

20,

no. 6 (November/

85-90. to the contrary,

hard disk

drives still remain the dominant computer storage mechanism. When buying a new one, or considering a new computer, the general rule is to get as big, and fast, a drive as you can afford.

For serious

professional

megabyte)

drive

use, a 1 gigabyte (1000

is probably

needed.

Disks

in

Altering Time and Space through Network Technologies to Enhance Learning, by John F.

that range, with access times between 9 and 12

Chizmar

milliseconds,

no. 3 (Fall 1996):

are commonly

available from rep-

& David B. Williams.

Cause/Effect 19,

14-21.

exclu-

are now available in disk for-

range from CD-R

(CD-ROMs

which

are locally recordable) to optical drives, and the newer “Zip” drives from lomega. However, none of these systems have yet become industry standard, so any choice made today will run the risk of being unusable

in ten year’s time.

Information Technology Support Services: Crisis or Opportunity?, by J. Michael Yohe. Cause/Effect 19, no. 3 (Fall, 1996): Computer support often overstressed.

6-13.

Networking

technologies

environment

for

opportunities

offer a better learning

students

while

does content

work

also defines

Electronic

ing process.

The

ences

the

from

authors

discuss

perspective

their

of

experi-

teaching

in

economics and the arts. They have created learning strategies that make use of these technologies for communication and access according to a matrix showing and place. [Abstract]

the interaction

of time

& Debra Hiom.

ciation

Publishing,

85604-I

51-4.

useful steps include re-organizing

This

the workload,

making use of student help in new ways, distributing responsibility, collaboration with other groups on campus, and communication with users via either conventional or electronic mail.

London:

1996.

Library

f16.95.

Asso-

ISBN

l-

professional

and

to give

practical advice and guidance on connecting

to

the Internet and on using the Internet ‘for obtaining the kind of information that informa-

Library Management

17, no. 5 (1996):

36-41.

Gardner

Reed.

Company,

of national importance,

and of international

rel-

evance in some cases are being undertaken.

This

collection

or offer a good point

of

particular types of networked Furthermore, sources are only

included which are likely to ‘be around for the foreseeable future.“’ Reviewer: Alison Cooke journal of Librarianship and information ence, 28, no. 3 (September 1996): 179.

sections.

technology

Sci-

Part

Daniel J. Barrett. Associates, 1996.

Sebastopol, CA: O/Reilly $17.95. ISBN 1-5692-156-9.

&

This work “is the ultimate guidebook to sensible use of the Internet. It separates the myths and legends from reality, and includes interesting accounts about people who have been scammed and how it happened.... This is a great book with a great price. I recommend it highly.” Reviewer: Judith A. Copler &tab&e, 19, no. 5 (October 1996): 97.

Two

roles for librarians,

discusses

of the new

while delivery of library seris covered

in

The Librarian’s Companion: A Handbook of Thousands of Facts and Figures on Libraries, Librarians, Books, Newspapers, Publishers, Booksellers, by Vladimir Wertsman. 2nd ed. Westport, $65.00.

CT: ISBN

provides

Greenwood

condition ratio

LIBRARIANSHIP

2, no. 1 (1996):

professions

1996.

is an alphabetical

around the world.

of the

of library

country,

holdings

Each entry

illiteracy

and their

holdings,

and the number

rate, and

to inhabitants.

data are provided about the number the number

More

of libraries

of publishers,

of books and newspapers

per year.

Ethics: The Other Dimension of Professionalism, by Virgil L. P. Blake. Public & Access Service, Quarterly

Press,

O-313-29975-7.

data about the political and economic

Libraries

Another

philately,

Latin

of special

section

of the

volume

special interests

phrases,

ALA

pub-

note are

awards,

is

such as and job

sources.

LIBRARY DESIGN

13-39.

and ethics

are defined.

The

in a profession

is discussed.

The

is reviewed.

ment of an ethically based profession.

The

ele-

[Abstract]

Planning Disasters for the Twenty-First Century, by David Stoker. journal of Librariamhip and

M. Pitkin. Westport, CT: Greenwood 1996. $55.00. ISBN O-31 3-29613-8.

The purpose of this book is to focus attention on what libraries and librarians have been and will be. It does so by providing responses by various authors to four questions: (I) Is the library an enduring institution? (2) Are libraries as buildings necessary? (3) What is the National Elec-

Science 28,

information

1996):

129-l

no. 3 (September

31.

The author reviews the technical failures, ciency,

ineptitude,

involved concludes project

and

ineffi-

mismanagement

in the planning and completion

new British foresight

The National Electronic library: A Guide to the Future for Library Managers, edited by Gary Press,

three

the role of

possible

vices in a changing environment

finding

tion’s code of ethics are indicated. Access to information, the underlying commonality, is suggested as the focal point for the develop-

by

range of into

and its impact on the future

profession.

lished

ments of a code of ethics are delineated and weaknesses of the American Library Associa-

Superhighway,

by a wide

Part One explores

devoted to librarians’

role of a code of ethics

Bandits on the Information

&

O-7864.

is divided

listing of countries

professionals,

role of ethics

INTERNET

of essays

in librarianship

The main body of the volume

Both

McFarland ISBN

0236-V.

indicated.

try, but efforts taken during the 1980s are beginning to bear fruit, in that research projects

NC:

$35.00.

mation

There are two main centers of library and information science research in New Zealand, the Department of Library and Information Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, and the National Library of New Zealand. Until the early 198Os, little research was being conducted in library and information science in the coun-

Jefferson,

1996.

resource guide of sources and services which are either aimed specifically at library and inforaccess to resources....

Research in Library and Information Science in New Zealand, by Philip J. Calvert & Rowena

the public enterprise,

at the UK infor-

is designed

tion professionals require.‘... The highlight of the work is the substantial (but highly selective)

INTERNATIONAL LIBRARIANSHIP

of the

of consor-

Part Three.

work is “aimed specifically

mation

in terms

Creating the Future: Essays on Librarianship in an Age of Great Change, edited by Sally

major

Poulter,

the concept

Library

and library education.

experts

The library and Information Professional’s Guide to the Internet, by Gwenyth Tseng, Alan

services, like library staff, are The root of most of the trou-

relate to

Infrastructure?

providing

for reducing the cost of the learn-

ble is the users’ level of expectation, so the first priority is to control those expectations. Other

J. Cullen.

The

(4) How

Information

tia, academic institutions, backup devices, formerly

sively tape drives, mats. They

Library?

National

utable suppliers. Removable

tronic

the National

Library,

St.

Pancras,

of the

London.

He

that these were caused by a lack of and commitment

by government,

incompetence

to the ideal of the rather

than

by any

on the part of individuals.

LIBRARY HISTORY Reclaiming the American Library Past: Writing the Women In, edited by Suzanne Hilden-

May 1997

257

brand. lSBN

Norwood,

NJ:

Ablex,

1996.

methodically

$24.50.

poking

at conventional

until he exposes its underbelly

l-56750-234-2.

misinterpretations.. “Women

have constituted

of the profession ence for

approximately

of library and information

many

years.

been dominated

Yet the

by males....

brand has, for the first time, women

in our profession

problems

sci-

corporations

has

and mistreat

profession Suzanne

nomic

80%

Reviewer:

Hilde-

put the history

of

Training

He directly

maintain

wisdom

of half-truths

attributes

our

bloated

bureaucracies

33 (September

1996):

library history.... library historians

Prentice.

2nd

Series, No. 8) Lanham, MD: Scarecrow 1996. $32.50. ISBN o-8108-2974-6.

Research,

18,

no. 3 (1996):281-282.

Teaching Critical Thinking: The Alliance of Composition Studies and Research Instruction, by Amy M. Kautzman. Reference Services 24, no. 3 (1996):

61-65.

the inclusion

of a compo-

nent on library skills,

and critical thinking

in basic composition

teaches them

about

classes at

the undergraduate level. Doing improves the students’ critical thinking

so

both

skills and

more about the resources

able to them.

In a class session

avail-

she covers

a

number of electronic resources, pointing out at least one flaw in every one, emphasizing that being

electronic

does

not

necessarily

being accurate. A list of ten questions should

ask in evaluating sources

ed.

(Library

mean students

is included.

Press,

Computerr

in Libraries

The authors

1996):

Hope

& Jeremy School

Bottom Line: Managing Real Numbers, by Tony

Hope. Press,

Boston, 1996.

MA:

$27.50.

Harvard ISBN

O-

87584-736-6. Accounting

systems

are designed

to measure

where the money went, but are of no use in determining if the money was well spent. New ways of measuring customer service levels and rewarding value-adding work, and how to measure performance of process teams are proin a methodology called a posed here, horizontal information syrtem. The system is designed to provide information relevant to both managers and workers, and is based more on knowledge and commitment of both groups

uating

information

no. 10

lesson

on the World

background

needed for critical evaluation; part two introduces evaluation based on page-specific checklists;

and part three

provides

practice in using

the concepts of part two.

MANAGEMENT Fat and Mean: The Corporate Squeeze of Working Americans and the Myth of Managerial “Downsizing”, by David M. Gordon. New York:

Free

Press,

1996.

$25.00.

ISBN

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

O-684.

82288-l

Society

The increasing

the difference

between free-text

and controlled

techniques.

Using Statistics for Database Management in an Academic Library, by Peter Hyland & Lynne Wright.

Australian

Academic & Research Librar-

ies 27, no. 3 (September

1996):

169-I

81.

Unobtrusive collection of usage statistics for networked CD-ROMs provides important data regarding, e.g., peak demand times, average search length, and popularity of individual databases.

Analysis

of

users’

search

patterns

revealed that the help menus were inadequate, prompting their re-design. This information not allows

better

management

of

those

Processing Search Results at Teltech, by Paul Sisler

&

Linda

Which

Database?

Which

Ellen Bates. Online 20, December 1996): 59-65.

Service?, by Mary no.

6

(November/

Cooper.

Online

1996):

20,

no.

6

91-95.

The authors have developed a systematic way in which to process “raw0 online search results into a clean, comprehensive and consistent report format which they then deliver to their

In deciding which one(s) of the available online services to use, key questions are: Does it have

clients.

the sources you are most likely to need? Is the interface understandable to you? Can you control the costs? Can you get the training you need? The author suggests good sources for: company background data, company financial data, computers, current news, education/ humanities, health, industry overviews, investments, legal information, medicine, people, politics, reference, and science.

ing output, to integrate the editing process with internal databases, and to connect the desktop

The

four

goals of their

automate repetitive

system

are: to

tasks, to create better-look-

system with the shipping systems.

room,

fax and email

PERSONNEL & STAFF DEVELOPMENT Report 1996):

The Journal of Academic Librarianship

22,

8-10.

vocabulary searching, synonymy, paraphrasing, hierarchical subject organization, and other

Industry

258

Science

1996):

these complications and the techniques for dealing with them. These include awareness of

(October,

in

for information

mass of searchable data in elec-

ers and infuriate

[The author] delights

was

tronic form has complicated the search process. It is important that students be made aware of

“Now here’s an oddity: a readable book written by an economist that will enlighten some readothers.

the library

Knowledge Navigation and Librarians in the Word Fray, by Karen Hovde. Bulletin of the

(November/December

Wide

information

minutes

resources, it also provides evidence which can support requests for additional funding.

with guidance in eval-

found

Part 1 provides

age, once every three

only

ONLINE

have developed a three-part

plan to provide students Web.

16,

49-55.

sented, it has been heavily used. During one busy month, a search was performed, on aver-

no. 6 (August/September

than on physical assets.

(November/December

extensive patron training is often needed. Despite the difficulties and challenges it pre-

American

the with

system

of its contract with Reed Elsevier.

budgeting, and realistic appraisal of the support

Transforming Performance

LEXIS-NEXIS

of its library

open.

Teaching Critical Evaluation Skills for World Wide Web Resources, by Marsha Tate & Jan Alexander.

now offers users

This edition retains the basic principles of the author’s earlier edition; the impact of the economic environment, the interrelations of finanplanning, attention to cial and service

Business

The author describes library resources,

by Ann E. Administration

for libraries,

of libraries. She has added coverage of the developments in the 199Os, the impact of the new technologies, and the prospects of the Information Highway for libraries.

INSTRUCTION

to most

The system is, however very complex to use, so

95-96.

Planning

status of women in librarianship.” Reviewer: Peter Hiatt Library & information Science

Penn State University under terms

Anonymous

back into the broad

[It] is a top priority read for and for those interested in the

30-40.

searching

their workers.”

Financial

Review

eco-

** LEXIS-NEXIS on Campus, by Kevin Harwell. On/he 20, no. 5 (September/October 1996):

to the way most U.S.

historical mainstream. Hers is a major and profoundly important step in the development of

LIBRARY

and

1996, 37-79.

Training

33,

no.

10

This

annual statistical

vided training training,

topics

methods, nine

analysis of emPlover-mo. ,

covered,

budgets for

trends

in

training

and the use of technology.

different

manufacturing

classes

of

Of the

organizations

and finance)

ser-

training.

Of

workers

administrative

received the least training.

should

problem consider

are faced with a similar

hieh”

in hiring student assistants, improving

their training

so

for Information tember

Science

1996):

meth-

ods as well.

The author raises, but does not answer, a number of questions

Motivation Rowley.

& Anne S. McNutt.

Community

College journal of Research & Practice (September/October 1996): 455-473.

20, no. 5

by Jennifer

of Staff in Libraries,

Library

17, no. 5 (1996):

Management

regarding

sive. The concept of social style and an understanding of its elements are useful in helping to understand one’s self and the interactive behaviors of others. However, it is not enough to just understand one’s behavior or the behavior of

Is it possible petencies

Rowley briefly reviews four models of individual motivation:

the rational-economic

model,

the

social model,

the self-actualization

model,

and

the complex

model.

for reviewing

motivation

gies

such

to define

within

of staff. Possible managing

Fit, by David

(October

1996):

minimal

core com-

information

disci-

What

strate-

practical

dissatisfiers

90-I

Stamps.

Training

33

00.

Mont. journal

The

Land’s

End mail order

has a long-standing

ing customer

firm

reputation

service.

The

37, no. 1 (Winter

firm

for outstandhad a difficult

under a new CEO, who began

This

study

examined

school alumni various

resign and was replaced by a person

Training

33 (Septem-

style was brought

tribute training modules to widely dispersed employees, relatively few organizations are doing so yet. However, this is expected to change rapidly. The author recommends that training staff become acquainted with the information technology staff in order to establish a basis for further cooperation. This is exactly the have been urged to fol-

Short of Help?, by Marc Hequet.

Training

The current low unemployment rate has led to a shortage of employees in a number of areas. One way to overcome the problem is to speed up the training process so that new-hires are able to perform competently in a relatively short time. Several suggestions are given for doing so.

competencies

attitudes

of library

in the MLS

curriculum

program

planning.

ranked most frequently knowledge

in

The five as essen-

of sources,

collection

management skills, conducting a reference interview, communicating effectively in writing, and the ability to apply critical thinking

back.

Welcome to America: Watch out for Culture Shock, by David Stamps. Training 33 (November, 1996): When

22-30.

employees

an American

from different

firm in the U.S.,

skills

to

most mundane expectations.

countries

tasks quite different Among

join

Career Development: Integral to Economic Development, by Patricia Stanley. Community College journal of Research & Practice 20, no. 5 (September/October 1996): 433-444.

they find even the from

the differences

their

are att-

Career

development

that

ronments

tencies after formal schooling essential

as in the case of Seimens, contributed

a German

firm,

The differences

to many of the firm’s

pur-

in style

problems.

component

ing programs.

Evaluating

Multimedia

Developers, Training

by Ron

33 (Novem-

the training

There

are a great many

multimedia

ment

firms

(some

of which

operations).

Before

awarding a contract to one

determine whether results. A sidebar should

in

to incorporate

career

into the programs they create. In-

service education

of this kind can be provided

technologies

such as compressed

transmission,

teleconferencing,

via computer

networks.

video

and mentoring

develop-

PUBLISHING

history,

it has created, and

the firm will tie its fees to of specific questions one

Publishing at the Institute of Management’s Information Centre, by Ray Irving & Cathy

ask is included with the article.

Smith. 23-27.

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

Bulletin

of the American

Library

In common

Management

17,

no. 8 (1996):

with many other libraries,

the Man-

agement Information Centre (MI0 at the Institute of Management (Corby, Northampton-

Short Takes in the Digital Revolution, by Melanie J. Norton.

involved

need continu-

are one-person

of them, take a careful look at the firm’s try out one of the products

in order

and retrain-

and others

of others themselves

ing education

through

envi-

ends should be an

of all training

Educators

development

Zemke & Judy Armstrong. ber 1996): 33-38.

should

and be prepared to gain new compe-

cially acute when the owning firm

is non-U.S.,

individuals

expect to adapt to changes in their work

tudes toward meetings, e-mail, overtime work and MBA degrees. These problems are espe-

33

81-89.

44-62.

library problems.

chasing Rolm from IBM.

An intranet is an organization’s internal computer network which uses the same software as used on the Internet, separated from the latter by some form of “firewall” to prevent access to internal files by external users. While there is considerable interest in using an intranet to dis-

who had

for Land’s End for many years. The old

management

and the

new CEO was asked to

the

competencies

worked

The

1996):

regarding the value of including

1996):

Hope

be kept current?

in Dodgeville,

tial include:

The

infor-

of Education for Library and Infor-

Science

and a handshake.

dent “at risk” in a simulation engages the mind. A medical-device manufacturer has a multimedia program which teaches how to program a pacemaker just installed in a patient’s chest. Do it wrong, and you lose the patient.

should

library and Information Science Competenties Revisited, by Lois Buttlar & Rosemary Du

Engaged! The Nature of Computer Interactivity, by Bob Filipczak. Training 33 (November

in getting that interaction into the training process. Among other techniques, putting the stu-

theories should

possess?

How can competencies

order to improve

Interaction between student and teacher (even though the teacher may be a computer) enhances the learning process. The difficulty is

experiences

mation professionals

strate-

to implement modern management techniques in an organization which typically ran on a nod

53-58.

fundamental professionals

understand?

mation

time in 1991-94

1996):

the

Are there common that information

are used as a basis

include development

Relaxed

enable the parties to function congruent with the situation.

in a comfort zone [Abstract]

These

as appraisal,

WI

(October

for infor-

and financial and social rewards.

others in the administrative team; one should also seek to adapt the skills of style flex that can

same strategy librarians low for several years.

education

mation professionals.

31-35.

gies for motivation

As noted in this article, there are four social styles-amiable, analytical, driver, and expres-

Training on Intranets: Hype, by Bob Filipczak. ber 1996): 24-32.

no. 6 (August/Sep-

22,

19-21.

plines?

Incorporating Social Style into Administrative Team-Building in the Community College, by John R. Darling

Academic libraries turnover

(e.g.,

educational

vices spent the least on employee the types of employees,

I

I

covers several topics:

Society

shire, UK) is looking for ways to supplement its income. The centre has developed a publishing program involving: a CD-ROM of abstracts of the Centre’s in-house databases; reading lists on

May 1997

2.59

popular

topics;

management

are authoritative controlling appraisal; tions.

budgets, publishing

generating

few years of effort, opment

of

and

as

performance Direc-

has been suc-

over f150,OOO Further,

which

Management

program

opportunities

development

checklists,

of such things

TQM,

and a periodical,

The

cessful,

summaries

to the staff, allowed the

new

services,

Citation

been used to assess

research

institutions

and individual

warning

researchers,

the use of other quality indicators.

and

brought

of the Centre

with the by

[Conclusion]

Electronic Scholarship: or, Scholarly Publishing and the Public, by John Unswonh. journal of

Scholarly

1996):

Publirhrng

28,

voiced

1

scholarly

by academic

The author “roamed” the reference area of the library at Utica College for a period of about six weeks, actively asking patrons if they were find-

fession,

for quality.

publishing

Sven

Birkerts,

inauthenticity,

tion.

scholarly

Already,

works,

in

Quar-

Electronic

inquiry

scholarly

edi-

variety

colldboration,

of

for

and communica-

communication

a

over

modes,

connection,

the

net-

enhances

and

initiative

[Abstract]

SERVICE QUALITY

municate

IS0

9000-A

Managerial Library

150 9000

is a quality management interest

17, no.

Management

14-24.

considerable

by Carl

(Total

Quality

widely known

effectively with faculty members

14, no. 6 (December Nearly for

1996):

543-548.

all telecommunications

the

creation

of

programs

“scripts,”

sequences of keystrokes, tem. The author describes language

from a host sys-

the use of the script-

dvailable

to simplify

major

in

dnd

Procomm

dutomate

operations

benefits

dllow

pre-recorded

which can be invoked

and will interact with responses

result:

for

d gredt

connected with

first

be used to collect statisticdl and timely

systems.

the process

is

in the U.S. This

data in a consistent

manner.

VIRTUAL

article covers the

aspects of implementing

LIBRARIES

approach the stan-

services envi-

ronment.

A Guided Tour of the Internet Public Library, by Thomas 1996): The

Pdck. Database

19, no. 5 (October

52-56. Internet

Public

Library,

School of Information

operated

at the University

by the of Mich-

igan, has become, for many, the library of cyber-

SERVICES TO SPECIAL POPULATIONS

space. Users can ask reference questions, a well-organized, list of links

Library Ergonomics:

Serving Special Needs,

by Janet Balas. CompuLers 8 (September

1996):

16, no.

and Librarim

32-34.

include Blind

available

the National

on the WWW.

These

Service

for the

Handicapped

(http://

Design

of HTML

Professional Communication through Journal Articles, by Maxine K. Rochester. Australian

Icweb.loc.gov/nls/nls.html);

Academic & Research Libraries tember 1996): 191-199.

Pages to Increase

their

With

(http://www-lib.usc.edu/

Disabilities

Accessibility

-melissaa/ramp/resouces.html); Information Technology (http://www.gsa.gov.coca)

digital

and newspapers.

http://www.ipl.org.

The

links to Reference,

Youth,

or to access a The

opening

maga-

address

screen

is

offers

and Teen divisions,

a

services for librdrians.

and the disabled

Library

and Physically

resources,

search of links

Reading Room, and a number of other features,

about ergonomics

are widely

collection

to more than 3,000

books,

including Resources

annotated

to high quality Internet zines,

The Journal of Academic Librarianship

who

in these groups.

approach of

Management)

dards in a library and information

is also

This article reviews the work that has been done to study professional communication in the field of library and information science. The research fields of bibliometrics and content analysis have been used to study many aspects of journal articles, from their authors to their ref-

important

Using Scripts to Automate Online library Activities, by Rob Karis. The Elec-tronir Library

in the UK and Europe gen-

quite feasible.

no. 3 (Sep-

can assist

One

much faster, and second, the chance for errors

Approach,

5 (1996):

it so as to show the user how to solve a problem is also possible, but expensive to implement. Electronic reference assistance, analogous to

27,

suggested.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Two

ence assistance, in which a reference librarian is able to “capture” a user’s screen to manipulate

SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION

are

are dealing with students

erally. It is related to, but not identical with the

e-mail,

and distance learn-

is much reduced. He also notes thdt scripts can

managerial

260

group

number of repetitive

A number of suggestions are given in this article. Among them are: distribution of conventional hand-outs via e-mail and remote delivery of instructional lectures, Providing real-time refer-

but using

students

the tdsk of changing librdry automation

Support of remote library users requires the development of new techniques and methods.

reference

each

ing

TQM

telephone

part-time

into

overseas

ers. Ways in which academic libraries

Windows

Gustav Johannsen.

Support Services for Campus Remote Users,

students

sub-

but will also open new opportunities

redefining

found that in roving, a higher level of library skills was required than when awaiting patrons

tomer contact.

students,

non-traditional

those with disabilities,

(October

tions will alter the course of the academic pro-

ing what they needed. She generally found that the students approached had not previously asked for help at the reference desk. She also

multiplies opporand improve cus-

paper divides

four categories;

of the digital world emphasize

fear of depersonalizations, of quantity

Services

no.

jugation to the mechanical and the substitution

Why Roving Reference: A Case Study in a Small Academic library, by Eileen H. Kramer. Reference Services Review 24, no. 3 (1996): 67. 80.

This

3-l 2.

whose criticisms

SERVICE

by T. J. Lusher. Public & Access ter/y 2, no. 1 (1996): 5-11.

of

aspect is that library staff must be able to com-

is clearly

at the reference desk. Roving tunities to both use one’s skills

has also

performance

that it needs to be supplemented

The resistance to electronic

REFERENCE

analysis

in the first

it has offered devel-

greater respect and recognition within the Institute.

erences and citations.

to Users

and Center for Accommodation

among others.

The Virtual Library and Its Implications: Going Beyond Traditions, by Robert G. Weiner. Public & Access Services C&arter/y 2, no. 1 (1996): While

41-45.

some see the virtual

library as a threat to

their job security,

it is unlikely

physicdl

will disappear

The

libraries

virtual

humanity’s

library collective

offers

that the need for the

memory

anytime

soon.

potential to be stored

for in

Academic Library Services to Non-Traditional Students, by Mike Heery. Librdry Management

digital format. However, books and journals continue to be published in print form and

17, no. 5 (1996):

libraries

3-13.

continue

to buy them. [Abstract]

“This

WOMEN & MINORITIES

book has complete

ROM

that contains

ware from publish

Microsoft

Twenty-First Mitchell.

Library:

Century,

Strategies

by Veronica

for the E. Nance-

College & Research Lif)raries

(September

1996):

57, no. 5

405-413.

ever,

multicultural

population.

are still

underrepresented

minorities

librarianship.

Therefore

colleges

ties must

be committed

initiatives

and the recruitment

minority

library students,

working

and

Web

This

wrong with that....

and illustrated,

this

is

page creation, Clearly

is a good way to

introduce

people to Web page development.”

Reviewer:

Judith A. Copler 19, no. 5 (October

1996):

Howin

actions

and retention

and to mentoring, job

of

of net-

opportunities.

[Abstract]

accept a user inquiry programs and

HotBot.

of

send the query

These

sometimes

appropriately

Do-It-Yourself Asha

Alameda,

ISBN

O-7821 -1807-O.

$24.99.

CA:

Sybex,

1996.

ticated Web product that can manage search sets, provide complex thesauri, and handle databases of a million records” (p.25).

List of Journals Cited in This Issue of thejA1 Australian Academic & Research Libraries, 27, no. 3 (September

1996)

Bulletin of the American Society for Informalion Science, 22, no. 6 (August/September

1996):

36-39.

Given the number of search engines now available on the Internet it was inevitable that programs to search all of them at once would become available. These “megasearchers” do not create their

own

fail

for

databases,

instead

they

Database, 19, no. 5 (October 1996) Database, 19, no. 6 (December 1996) The Electronic Library, 14, no. 6 (December

to

the

(I 996)

Information

Quarterly,

13, no 4.

Community College journal of Research & Practice, 20, no. 5 (September/October 1996) Community College Review, 24, no.1 (Sum-

Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 37, no. 1 (Winter 1996) Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 37, no. 3 (Summer 1996) Journal of Higher Education, 67, no. 5 (Sep-

mer 1996)

tember/October

and Libraries,

16, no. 8 (Septem-

ber 1996)

Computers

in many cases, the retrievals

and libraries,

16, no. 9 (October

Computers

in Libraries,

ber/December

1996)

16,

no. 10 (Novem-

query

engines.

are even less

accurate than is usually the case.

by Helen

C. Strain

& CDROM

Review

& Pauline 20,

M. Berry.

Online

no. 5 (October

1996):

227-223. Often,

Web

and difficult

pages are haphazard,

text

confusing

to navigate. Yet, there exists a body

design

in the areas of hyper-

and human-computer

interaction

which can be applied to Web page design. Two groups of pointers

are given for good design of

Web pages. The first group consists

of prelimi-

nary

should

considerations:

considered

issues

before designing

which

pages. The second group consists siderations,

be

a page or group of

which are measures

of design conto be incorpo-

rated into the pages themselves.

Journal

of

Higher

Education,

67,

no.

6

1996)

Journal of Librarianship and information Science, 28, no. 3 (September 1996) Journal of Scholarly Publishing, 28, no. 1 (October

Library Library Online, Online, Online

Management, 17, no. 5 (1996) Management, 17, no. 8 (1996) 20, no. 5 (September/October 1996) 20, no. 6 (November/December 19961 & CDROM Review, 20, no. 5 (October

1996)

Public & Access Services Quarterly,

2, no. 1

(1996)

1996)

(November/December

1996)

the

search

no. 3, (1996)

Cause/Effect, 19, no. 3 (Fall, 1996) College & Research Libraries, 57, no. 5 (Sep-

Computers

translate

target

are

importantly,

/ournal of the American Society for Information Science, 47, no. 11 (November 1996) Library & Information Science Research, 18,

1966)

Government

1996)

sometimes

but more

Guide

1996)

tember

in turn; simulta-

Better Page Design for the World Wide Web,

Internet “Onesearch” with the Mega Search Engines, by Greg R. Notess. Online 20, no. 6

Web Publishing with Word, by

Dornfest.

programs

to all of them

no. 6 (November/

The author reviews the Ovid Web Gateway as a WWW search engine and describes its many capabilities. It delivers “a fully functional sophis-

(November/December

Lycos,

megasearchers

megasearch programs

of work and experience

WORLD WIDE WEB

Alta Vista,

these

neously.

they

97.

Nobody Does It Better,

by Pkter Jasc6. Online 20, December 1996): 25-31.

Some

query each of these specific others

Thus,

Ovid Web Gateway:

and pass it on to search

such as InfoSeek,

very slow in execution,

and universi-

to affirmative

providing

nothing

level

of higher educa-

tion must be prepared to meet the demands an increasingly

soft-

that lets you create and

beginner

but there’s written

Database, Library schools and institutions

plus a CD-

Assistant

Web pages while using Word....

definitely

A Multicultural

instructions

the Internet

Reference Training, Training, Training,

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1996)

May 1997

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