The Macintosh library: Periodicals devoted to the apple Macintosh Microcomputer

The Macintosh library: Periodicals devoted to the apple Macintosh Microcomputer

The Macintosh Library: Periodicals Devoted to the Apple Macintosh Microcomputer David J. Bertuca Bertuca is the head of Serials M a n a g e m e n t ,...

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The Macintosh Library: Periodicals Devoted to the Apple Macintosh Microcomputer David J. Bertuca

Bertuca is the head of Serials M a n a g e m e n t , in Central Technical Services, of the U n i v e r s i t y Libraries at the State U n i v e r s i t y of N e w York at Buffalo.

The Apple Macintosh began a revolution in the way people could express their imaginations. This u s e r - f r i e n d l y m a c h i n e allows one to create a variety of useful and interesting output. Ideas beget m o r e ideas; the possibilities are endless. The explosion of expression that b e g a n with the Macintosh is reflected in the p r o l i f e r a t i o n of journals and magazines devoted entirely to this microcomputer. When the first Macs were distributed, only one magazine, Macworld, was available. Within months m a n y new publications appeared. Some of the early publications have ceased publication. At the time of this writing ( N o v e m b e r 1988), about twenty M a c specific periodicals are readily available nationally. At the same time, there are hundreds of local, regional, and special interest newsletters that are entirely Macintosh-related. T h e following reviews cover those Macintosh periodicals that are nationally available in paper or diskette format. Descriptions include useful and unusual features, as well as the m a j o r themes of each title. When describing disk magazines, r e f e r e n c e is m a d e to a device called a mouse. The mouse allows the user to place the cursor a n y where on the Macintosh screen. By moving the mouse with the hand, a similar m o v e m e n t occurs on the screen. This action is called "pointing" since it is analogous to pointing with a finger. In addition to pointing, the mouse also allows the user to p e r f o r m other operations such as selecting choices f r o m screen menus. A selection is made by pointing the mouse at the choice and "clicking" the button on the mouse. This "point and click" p r o c e d u r e allows one to m o v e about the screen and to select p r o g r a m options in a way similar

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ticles such as "File R e c o v e r y for Just About A n y one," "Tips on the LaserWriter and Other Post Script Printers and Typesetters," "MacLink: IBM Data Transfer to Mac," and "Dungeons and Dragons Online" are typical o f the subjects and diversity included in each issue. Editorial features are also included that discuss m i c r o c o m p u t e r issues such as software piracy. C A D / C A M Journal. 1987-. Bi-M. $20/5 issues. Koncepts Graphic Images Inc., 16 Beaver St., New York, NY 10004. Ed./Pub.: Shawn G. Hopwood. ISSN 0891-2815. This journal is subtitled "For the Macintosh Professional" and is written for technical personnel in design, engineering, and architecture. The quality of the journal is excellent with good color and b l a c k - a n d - w h i t e illustrations throughout. Articles are geared to applications of graphics, design and drafting, and engineering. Each issue contains articles on such topics as using the Macintosh for structural analysis and better utilization of design software. The review sections describe and note 3-D C A D / C A M programs, drafting software, programming languages, and hardware peripherals such as graphics tablets, plotters, or new expansion slots for the Macintosh. Also included are descriptive new product listings. Overall, this is a well-done professional publication and belongs in architectural, engineering, and science libraries. to the use of arrow keys and c o n t r o l - c o d e f u n c tions on other microcomputers. BMUG Newsletter. 1984-. $40 membership. B M U G Inc., 1142A Walnut St., Suite 62, Berkeley, CA 94709. The word newsletter is misleading in the case of this publication because of its size and content. BMUG Newsletter is published by the Macintosh Users Group at the University of California at Berkeley. Although this publication is the product of a users group, it has been included for review because it contains articles and services that would be of interest to any Macintosh user and because the users group has members throughout the country. The articles and information are written by members and the only advertising included is the m e m b e r services section, which offers public domain programs, bulletin boards, and other services to members. In the introduction, the editor defines contributors as "People like you who write about what they are doing." The layout and graphics are excellent and represent the efforts of an enthusiastic staff and readership. Each issue of BMUG Newsletter contains over one hundred articles and analytical reviews on a wide variety o f topics, written by members. The articles are arranged by the topics discussed. Ar-

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Diskworld (disk magazine). 1988-. M. $69.95. Diskworld, P.O. Box 30008, Shreveport, LA 711300008. Managing ed.: Scan Golden. ISSN 0899-4838. System requirements: Apple Macintosh. This publication is produced on floppy disks and combines many of the features of a regular printed magazine with the additional advantages of a computer disk. It is published by a company that has been producing disk magazines for other brands of computers since 1981. When the disk is inserted into the computer the title page appears on the screen. The main features are listed on the screen. Contents can be selected by pressing forward or reverse arrows on the screen or by selecting f r o m a menu bar placed across the top of the screen. To make a selection from a listing of articles, for example, the user moves the cursor to the menu bar and selects "articles." A pulldown menu then appears that lists the titles of the articles in the issue. Switching between articles or from an article to a review is accomplished by making the proper selection from the menu. One useful feature of Diskworld is its H E L P function, which provides readers with instructions on using the magazine and its features. Another feature is the collection of r e a d y - t o - r u n programs such as tutorials, games, and other useful programs

that a p p e a r in each issue. Some examples include: "Parsin B r o w n ' s G r a m m a r Class," which tests E n g lish language skills; "Cajun Cooking," an online interactive cookbook; "Brickbat," an a r c a d e - s t y l e game; and "Collection Inventory," a database that allows the user to create a catalog of parts or of items o f property. Also included on each disk are clip art, text fonts, and other files that can be used in w o r d processing and graphics programs. Screen displays and files can be printed to produce a paper c o p y f o r reading. The programs and a r ticles are written for a wide range of users.

Hyperlink.

1988-. Bi-M. $25. Publishers Guild, Inc., P.O. Box 7723, Eugene, O R 97401. Ed.: R o g e r Wood. Since the release of Apple's software p r o g r a m H y p e r C a r d in the fall of 1987, most of the M a c i n tosh magazines have developed columns providing p r o g r a m listings and instructions to p r o g r a m m e r s . There are e v e n several magazines on the m a r k e t devoted exclusively to H y p e r C a r d . A p p l e describes H y p e r C a r d as a "personal tool kit for m a n a g i n g information." Chiang states that, "It's so flexible that people find it difficult to describe: it can act as anything f r o m a personal data m a n a g e r to a p o w e r f u l p r o g r a m m i n g language that lets n o n - p r o g r a m m e r s write applications. ''1 The p r o g r a m allows the user to organize and c o m bine text, n u m b e r s , graphics, sound, and animation in a limitless n u m b e r of ways. Databases, electronic address and filing systems, and t e l e c o m m u n ications files can be created. Users can also p r o duce a wide a r r a y of interactive learning and e n t e r t a i n m e n t tools. I n f o r m a t i o n can be entered into a file and accessed quickly, either at r a n d o m or by specific choices. In addition, the records and fields within records can be linked to any other records or fields, or to graphic representations on the screen such as art work, diagrams, maps, or animated displays. The p r o g r a m can even be used in c o n j u n c t i o n with C D - R O M peripherals or as a link to online utilities such as BRS, Dialog, or OCLC. Hyperlink covers virtually every aspect of HyperCard. Articles are clearly written and p r o vide n u m e r o u s illustrations and screen displays. Included are programs, p r o g r a m m i n g instruction, i n f o r m a t i o n on products that can be used in relation to the p r o g r a m , and advertisements for related software and hardware. There are also columns describing how the p r o g r a m works and o f f e r i n g i n t r o d u c t o r y level instruction f o r novice users. One feature appearing in each issue is a "User G r o u p Directory," a cumulative list of Macintosh user groups that outlines some of their activities. Program listings are printed so that users can recreate the programs described. Subscribers can

purchase disks containing all of the programs described in each issue. This publication is written for beginning to advanced p r o g r a m m e r s .

HyperNews (disk magazine).

1987-. M. $60, $30/6 mo. Training Resources U n l i m i t e d , 31849 Pacific H w y . So., Suite l I5L, Federal Way, WA 98499. Ed.: Becky Callaghan. System requirements: Apple Macintosh with H y p e r C a r d . HyperNews is also available online using Compuserve or GEnie ( H y perNews). This disk magazine is a H y p e r C a r d stack (a H y p e r C a r d file is called a "stack" because it e m u lates a stack of index cards) that contains the usual magazine features such as articles, reviews, and letters to the editor, with the added benefit of complete r a n d o m access. The title page of H y perNews has headings a r o u n d the border. To open a section, the user points to that section and clicks with the mouse. Instantly, the screen displays the selected information. Included in HyperNews are tutorials on using H y p e r C a r d , interviews with p r o d u c t developers, reviews o f software and hardware, news, and other pertinent information. To access i n f o r m a t i o n or to move a n y w h e r e in the magazine, the same point and click m e t h o d is all that is required. In addition, the search capabilities of H y p e r Card allow for fast searches f o r any word or phrase.

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In last month issue of HyperNews we |o© at the need for button standards in staokware, i The up shot was, let's ooncetrate on providing the users of our staokware with clear documentation and forget about a set of rules and regulations. Since then I have come across a stack that proposes a button standard, which at the risk of sounding contradictory, makes a lot of sense. The buttons are called Margin Notes. The Hargin Note concept was developed by Eastgate Systems Inc. Click on the up arrow to see the Margin Note. ~ n The beauty of the M 4 ~ n Note concept is that non-essential information can be made available to the reader at the click of a button. The up arrow icon is the perfect choice for a margin note button because it is not commonly used in stacks and is very conspicuous,

t ~ . ~ Since it is so obviously a button there " is no need to explain it's presence on a o ~ r d . ~ It is also not nessesary to tell readers how to close the margin note. After a11 who could miss that bi9 OK button? I am still not a big fan of rigid button standards, but my hats off to Eastgate Systems for coming up with a great concept, From now on HyperNews will use HargJn Notes regularly and we hope you'11 do the s a m e , ~ For more information about margin notes and other hypertext topics, write to Hypertext Systems Dept. Eastgate Systems, Inc. P.O. Box 1307 Cambridge HA, 02238 If you have a HyperCard standard we'd like to know about it. Write or call us at:

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Figure 1 One unique aspect of this magazine is the way that additional information such as sidebars, f o o t notes, and references are embedded in the text. Where a reference is made to additional i n f o r m a tion, a marker is located at that point in the text (figure 1). By pointing the mouse at this marker and clicking, the reference pops up on the screen (figure 2); clicking a second time removes the pop up. H y p e r N e w s is a publication for Macintosh users who are interested in H y p e r C a r d p r o g r a m m ing. Mac I I Review. 1988-. Bi-M. $23.70. Comtech Group, Inc., 240 Sunnyridge Ave., Bldg. #112, Fairfield, CT 06430. Ed./Pub.: Richard M. Coombs. The first journal exclusively for Macintosh II users, Mac I I Review provides articles, reviews, user information, and other helpful features. Articles cover a variety of topics including networking, first aid for disk crashes, and new technology such as C D - R O M . Product reviews describe products and demonstrate useful or unique features of those products. Sample screen displays in b l a c k - a n d - w h i t e and in color, as well as many graphic illustrations, help readers visualize concepts and functions of programs. M a c I I Review is produced entirely on a Macintosh II system including type layout and color separations. This

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publication will be of interest to anyone who uses a Mac II. Mac User. 1984-. M. $27. Mac User, Z i f f - D a v i s Pub., One Park Ave., New York, NY 10016. Ed.: Frederic E. Davis. ISSN 0884-0997. One of several magazines that are a staple of the Macintosh library, Mac User is well written and may be o f interest to users f r o m beginner to advanced. As with other computer magazines, Mac User contains news, reviews, articles, and advertising. The coverage of b e h i n d - t h e - s c e n e s wheelingsand-dealings and product developments is particularly interesting. The reviews, called "Quick Clicks," are innovative and contain abstracts that briefly describe the program and its strengths and weaknesses. The accompanying reviews go into more detail. Mac User was among the first computer magazines to use a rating system ( o n e - t o - f i v e mouses) to give readers a comparison factor for the many programs reviewed. One aspect of Mac User's editorial policy is that it will only review commercially available software. Beta, test, and pre-release versions are excluded. Some readers may find this advantageous since they know that any software package reviewed is available for immediate purchase. Among the most useful features of Mac User are several regular sections. The first is called "Tip

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Since it is so obviouslg a button there In last month issue of HyperNews we 1 is no need to explain it's presence on a at the need for button standards in stackware. o~rd. ~!" It is also not nessesarv to tell readThe up shot was, let's ooncetrate on providing ers how to close the margin note. After all the users of our stackware with clear ~h^ ~^uld miss that big OK button? documentation and forget abo,,t = ~:J÷^¢ r,,l~c still not a big fan of rigid button standand regulations. Prettg slick! Yes? ut my hats off to Eastgate Systems for Since then I have come acr up with a great concept. From now on proposes a button standard, You'll notice once the lews will use Margin Notes regularlw of sounding contradictory, m~ margJ n note field hope you'll do the same.~U1~ The buttons are called Hargin appears the up a r r o w more information about margin notes The Hargin Note concept per hwpertext topics, write to Eastgate Sgstems Inc. Click c button disappears. Hgpertext Swstems Dept. see the Hargin Note. flL C OK Eastgate Sgstems, Inc. The beaut W of the l~-~gin f P.O. Box 1307 that non-essential information can ~e maae Cambridge H A , 0 2 2 3 8 available to the reader at the click of a button. If gou have a HwperCard standard we'd like to The up arrow icon is the perfect choice for a know about it. Write or call us at : margin note button because it is not commonly used in stacks and is ver W conspicuous.

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Figure 2 Sheet," which is arranged by product, with practical advice on using those products. Another is called "Flash Cards," which describes and illustrates a selection of HyperCard stacks currently available. An additional section, called "Mini Finders," is a cumulative list of products that have been reviewed in previous issues. It is useful for software and hardware selection. The list includes hundreds of short, abstracted reviews of products, arranged by type, that include descriptions, ratings, price, publisher, and the date the full review appeared in the magazine. Mac User is a magazine that serves the needs of every level of user. 1984-. M. $21. MACazine, #919, P.O. Box 9802, Austin, TX 78766. Ed.: Robert LeVitus. ISSN 0748-3378. The early subtitle of this publication, "The Macintosh Magazine for the Rest of Us," and the present subtitle, "Solutions for All of Us," are indicative of the style of the magazine. Inside are articles and reviews targeted at users from beginner to advanced that are written in nontechnical language and thoroughly illustrated. The topics are varied enough for many diverse interests. Many articles give "how to" descriptions of software or techniques. Examples include "Getting MACazine.

Started in Telecommunications," "How to Use Bulletin Board Systems (BBS)," and "Programming for Non-programmers." M A C a z i n e reviews, which are arranged by topic (i.e., word processors, telecommunications, and so on), describe software programs and show actual screen displays as examples. In addition to popular commercial products, MACazine also reviews unusual products such as public domain software and specialized programs with limited appeal that are seldom covered in other publications. Several practical features appear in every issue. These include "Questions and Answers," "Comments," and an "Orphan Support" section for Lisa/Macintosh XL users. Since October 1987, the magazine has been published using Macintosh desktop publishing software and peripherals. The result is a welldesigned publication with quality printing. "Userfriendly," M A C a z i n e is one of several essential periodicals for Macintosh owners. 1988-. Bi-M. $24. PiM Publications, Inc., P.O. Box 2140, Fall River, MA 02722-2140. Managing ed.: Don Hicks. ISSN 0897-6961. This publication contains articles and information on business applications of the Macintosh. The articles are written by users who have found MacBusiness Journal: M B J .

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practical solutions to use in their everyday work. Articles such as "The Mac to PC Serial Connection," "When Your Hard Disk Crashes," and "Renting a Macintosh on the Road," describe actual situations and how they were resolved. Reviews are also included. However, rather than provide a review of features and possible applications, the authors describe the successes and failures that they had with actual use of the product. An additional section, "Hints and Tips," contains ideas and solutions from readers who tell how they have dealt with problems with programs or with equipment. The Macintosh Business Journal provides information for business users and offers a different view of the many ways to work with the Macintosh system. 1988-. Q. $14.85. Delta Group, Inc., 818 17th St., Suite 210, Denver, CO 80202. Ed.: Patricia Bensky. ISSN 0895-9641. Subtitled the "Complete Guide to Macintosh Software and Accessories," this publication is a catalog of products available for the Macintosh. At the time of this writing (November 1988), there are over thirty-nine hundred products reviewed. The products are listed with brief descriptions, which include addresses of publishers and prices. Also included is a comprehensive list of users groups that provides the name, address, and phone number of each group. This periodical is useful to persons who are considering purchases of software, hardware, MacGuide is appropriate for or other products. general computer collections. MacGuide.

Macintosh Business Letter. 1987-. M. $295.

MBL Publications, Inc., 153 California Ave., Suite F213, Palo Alto, CA 94306-1926. ISSN 0894-9603. This is a monthly magazine for corporate Macintosh users in which the articles and reviews contain news and up-to-date information with emphasis on big business productivity and utility. This publication is useful for corporate or special libraries that require the latest Macintosh news, although the price may deter subscriptions by other organizations.

Business Review. 1988-. M. Free. Macintosh Business Review, P.O. Box 359059, Palm Coast, FL 32035-9916. Ed.: Sandra R. Reed. ISSN 0899-725X. This is a magazine geared toward business users of Macintosh systems. Articles and reviews emphasize productivity and utility in the office. However, much of the information has useful applications in personal computing as well. Reviews and advertisements focus on business applications software, and the articles describe topics such as spreadsheets, accounting packages, and desktop Macintosh

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presentations, among others. Other articles, such as "The Mac Becomes a Power Tool," describe the uses of Macintoshes in big business. Lists of various companies that use Macintoshes are provided for persons who are involved in buying or recommending systems to their company. These lists vary from issue to issue and are grouped into specific categories such as the top fifty businesses that use the Macintosh system. Details include the size of the corporation, number of employees, number of microcomputers, and other relevant data. A particularly worthwhile section for potential buyers of Macintosh hardware, software, and peripherals is the "Directory of Product Listings," which provides the names of the manufacturer/publisher and list price. The emphasis, of course, is on business and productivity items.

Macintosh Buyer's Guide. 1984-. Q. $14. Macintosh Buyer's Guide, Redgate Communications Corporation, 3381 Ocean Dr., Vero Beach, FL 32960. Managing ed.: Thomas Kempf. This publication, with a circulation of over 155,000, is a useful guide to software available for the Macintosh. There are some reviews of products and general articles by the editorial staff, but the main purpose here is to serve as a directory with descriptions of virtually every commercial product available at the time of publication. New products are initially listed in a separate section. The other directory entries are listed by topic and subtopic, such as "Business and Professional Software," which includes "Accounting," "Database," and "Word Processing"; and "Other Products and Services," which contains subtopics such as "Games" and "Entertainment." Product listings display title, system requirements, and a brief description supplied by the producer. Also included are the producer's address, phone number, price, and date of availability. Often, the description will show a print of a sample screen. To make the directory more useful, a publisher name index appears in each issue. A product reviews section contains one-page critical descriptions of strengths and weaknesses of products, often making comparisons to competitors. Overall, the Macintosh Buyer's Guide is a useful reference tool for comparing and selecting Macintosh products. MacTimes. 1984-. BilM. $18/12 issues. MacTimes Inc., P.O. Box 40, Franklin Square, New York, NY 11010. Ed.: Alan Stevens. ISSN 0891365X. "All the Macintosh news fit to print!" Regular features in this publication include news items, letters to the editor, editorial articles, and a classified section. The magazine offers informative reading to Mac users from beginner to ad-

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vanced level. A major function of MacTimes is to provide brief articles on new Macintosh products. One section, "Report Card Page," reviews and rates software, Another section, called "Chalkboard," describes new or innovative products. Additional sections provide articles by software producers showing creative uses of their programs. Each issue contains a review of a particular category of software, hardware, or peripheral device. In a sample issue, clip-art software collections on disk are compared. Product information includes a description, rating, sample product illustrations, price, and publisher. Additional features include an "Art Gallery" section displaying artwork created using the Macintosh, and user support pages, which contain information about bulletin boards and services available to subscribers.

MacTutor. 1984-. M. $32. MacTutor, P.O. Box 400, Placentia, CA 92670. Ed.: David E. Smith. ISSN 8756-8810. Articles provide instruction and advice to persons who program using any of the programming languages available for the Macintosh. Some articles offer actual programs that can be keyed into the computer and run. This journal is well made and is recommended for engineering and computer science collections. Advertising is also geared toward technical users. MacTutor is not for the average user. MacWeek. 1987-. W. $75. MacWeek, Inc., 5211 S. Washington St., Titusville, FL 32780. Ed.: Michael H. Tchong. ISSN 0892-8118. A tabloid weekly similar to InfoWorld and the now-defunct Macintosh Today, MacWeek provides the latest news and information on the Macintosh industry. Features include reviews and comparisons of new products as well as editorials on various topics such as publishing, mainframe telecommunications, and Macintosh-IBM-PC networking. MacWeek is a useful publication for business and general collections. Macworld. 1984-. M. $30. PC World Communications, Inc., 501 Second St., San Francisco, CA 94107. Ed.: Jerry Borrell. ISSN 0741-8647. Macworld is the premier publication for the Apple Macintosh, appearing on newsstands at the same time that the microcomputer first became available. Macworld touches upon all aspects of the Macintosh universe and is written for general readership. Feature articles discuss and compare topics such as integrated software packages, hard disks, full-page displays, and more. These articles compare features and show advantages and disad-

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vantages of products. "How to" articles regularly appear providing step-by-step instructions on topics such as "Getting Started in Telecommunications" or "Preparing Custom Business Forms." Other articles describe actual uses of the Macintosh by individuals and companies. These articles demonstrate how specific users applied their computers to accomplish individualized tasks such as page layout or digitizing of graphic images. Each issue contains indepth and brief reviews of software and hardware. These reviews offer pros and cons of many products that might otherwise never be treated in detailed articles.

Nibble Mac. 1985-. Bi-M. $19.95. MicroSPARC, Inc., 52 Domino Dr., Concord, MA 01742-9906. Ed.: David A. Krathwohl. ISSN 0884-3929. "The Reference for Macintosh Computing," this publication is for beginning to advanced programmers and for "do-it-yourself" users. Articles teach readers programming techniques and concepts as well as computer use techniques. Each issue contains a number of program listings that can be inputted by the reader. Instructions are also provided so that the user can run the program. Cauzin Strips of the programs are included for readers who have the Cauzin Strip Reader. Articles describe topics such as telecommunications and hardware. A "Hints and Tips" section provides advice and ideas for users. Uptime (see figure 3). 1987-. M. $89.95. Uptime, P.O. Box 299, Newport, RI 02840. Publ.: William A. Kelly. ISSN 0895-867X. System requirement: Apple Macintosh. A magazine on floppy disk, this publication is similar to many hard copy periodicals containing articles, reviews, editorials, and other features. However, Uptirne has additional features that a print magazine could not have. When the disk is inserted into the computer a title page appears on the screen. The main features are displayed as graphic images and the contents are listed across the top of the screen on a menu bar. Selecting an article to read is done by moving the cursor to the menu bar, choosing the menu selection for articles, and then selecting the specific article. Switching between articles or from an article to subscription information is accomplished by making another selection from the menu. One unique feature of the magazine is the inclusion of ready-to-run programs, clip-art files, text fonts, and other files that can be used as is or with other Macintosh applications. A recent issue contained programs such as "Disk Librarian," a program that catalogs floppy disks so that the user can find any file either online or by means of a printed catalog; "Frenzy," an arcade-style game; and "Card File," an electronic index file for ideas, addresses, or

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Wheels for the Mind. 1986-. Q. $12. Apple Computer, Inc., Wheels for the Mind, P.O. Box 1834, Escondido, CA 92025. Ed.: Dr. Peter Olivieri. This publication is produced by the Apple University Consortium and Apple Computer Incorporated, and is geared toward higher education. However, most of the articles are useful to general readers. Each issue has a theme such as "English and Writing Programs." In this particular example, articles describe software and applications of the Macintosh for teaching composition and writing. The main theme sometimes covers a more general topic such as a review of new Apple products, providing indepth reports on these products. A section entitled "Spotlight" features various univer-

sities in the Apple University Consortium and describes activities and university programs in which the Macintosh is being used. "Project Reports" lists projects at universities involving Macintosh computers. These projects are listed by field of study (i.e., biology, geology). Other sections contain advice, instruction, invitations to do research, and many other topics that readers might find useful. Also included are product reviews and news sections, most of which are relevant to higher education. Wheels for the Mind is produced using a Macintosh computer and desktop publishing software. Wheels for the Mind is responsive to its readers. New features and innovations are incorporated as demands require. This publication is ideal for college and university libraries or in libraries for educators.

NOTES 1. T.F. Chiang, "Hypertext: Linking Related Documents," Profiles 5, no. 11 (June 1988): 19. m

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