- Email: [email protected]
The mammary gland
Chapter
14
The mammary gland 14-1 14-2 14-3 14-4 14-5 14-6 14-7 14-8 14-9
Acute mastitis 178 Acute necrotizing mastitis 178 Subacutenecrotizing mastitis 178 Acute necrotizing mastitis 178 Chronic purulent galactophoritis and mastitis Subacute mastitis 179 Metaplasia of cisternal epithelium 179 Granulomatous mastitis 179 Duct ectasia 180
14-10
179
Fibroadenomatous change (fibroepithelial hyperplasia) 180 14-11 Fibroadenomatous change (fibroepithelial hyperplasia) 180 14-12 Mammary gland carcinoma 180 14-13 Simple adenoma 181 14-14 Complexadenoma 181 14-15 Benign mixed tumor 181 14-16 Adenocarcinoma 181
THE MAMMARY GLAND
Neoplasms
The most common pathological processes of the mammary gland are inflammation (mastitis) in farm animals and neoplasia in dogs and cats.
Dogs
Inflammatorylesions Inflammatory lesions are classified according to their distribution and the nature of the inflammatory reaction. Parenchymatous mastitis
Parenchymatous mastitis refers to inflammation of the secretory portion of the gland (acini, intralobular ducts and interstitium). In severe cases there may be extensive necrosis (referred to as gangrenous mastitis). After demarcation the necrotic part may be shed. Galactophoritis
Galactophoritis refers to inflammation of the larger (interlobular) draining ducts.
In the dog various types of neoplasms occur with regard to structure as well as biological behavior. The morphological classification of canine mammary tumors depends on several characteristics including the way of growth and the cell type involved, i.e, luminal epithelial cells and/ or myoepithelial cells and / or mesenchymal cells.
Simple tumors In simple mammary tumors one cell type either resembling epithelial cells or myoepithelial cells, is involved. Complex tumors In complex tumors both luminal epithelial and myoepithelial components are present. Mixed tumors Mixed tumors are characterized by an epithelial component (luminal and/or myoepithelial) and mesenchymal cells that have produced cartilage and/ or bone and/or fat.
Suppurative inflammation may lead to abscess formation.
Inflammatory carcinoma A highly malignant type is the anaplastic carcinoma that, due to extensive infiltration and obstruction of lymphatics, has some clinical aspects of inflammation and is therefore referred to as inflammatory carcinoma or' mastitis carcinomaiosa',
Granulomatous inflammation
Cats
Granulomatous inflammation is usually characterized by the presence of nodular lesions.
In cats, mammary tumors are mostly malignant and are predominantly tubular or solid adenocarcinomas. A common non-neoplastic lesion in the cat is the fibroadenomaious change or jibroepithelial hyperplasia associated with increased exposure to endogenous or exogenous progestogens.
Interstitial mastitis
Interstitial mastitis refers to inflammation of the stromal tissue. Abscess formation
177
14
The mammary gland 14-1 14-2 14-3 14-4 14-5 14-6 14-7 14-8 14-9
Acute mastitis 178 Acute necrotizing mastitis 178 Subacutenecrotizing mastitis 178 Acute necrotizing mastitis 178 Chronic purulent galactophoritis and mastitis Subacute mastitis 179 Metaplasia of cisternal epithelium 179 Granulomatous mastitis 179 Duct ectasia 180
14-10
179
Fibroadenomatous change (fibroepithelial hyperplasia) 180 14-11 Fibroadenomatous change (fibroepithelial hyperplasia) 180 14-12 Mammary gland carcinoma 180 14-13 Simple adenoma 181 14-14 Complexadenoma 181 14-15 Benign mixed tumor 181 14-16 Adenocarcinoma 181
THE MAMMARY GLAND
Neoplasms
The most common pathological processes of the mammary gland are inflammation (mastitis) in farm animals and neoplasia in dogs and cats.
Dogs
Inflammatorylesions Inflammatory lesions are classified according to their distribution and the nature of the inflammatory reaction. Parenchymatous mastitis
Parenchymatous mastitis refers to inflammation of the secretory portion of the gland (acini, intralobular ducts and interstitium). In severe cases there may be extensive necrosis (referred to as gangrenous mastitis). After demarcation the necrotic part may be shed. Galactophoritis
Galactophoritis refers to inflammation of the larger (interlobular) draining ducts.
In the dog various types of neoplasms occur with regard to structure as well as biological behavior. The morphological classification of canine mammary tumors depends on several characteristics including the way of growth and the cell type involved, i.e, luminal epithelial cells and/ or myoepithelial cells and / or mesenchymal cells.
Simple tumors In simple mammary tumors one cell type either resembling epithelial cells or myoepithelial cells, is involved. Complex tumors In complex tumors both luminal epithelial and myoepithelial components are present. Mixed tumors Mixed tumors are characterized by an epithelial component (luminal and/or myoepithelial) and mesenchymal cells that have produced cartilage and/ or bone and/or fat.
Suppurative inflammation may lead to abscess formation.
Inflammatory carcinoma A highly malignant type is the anaplastic carcinoma that, due to extensive infiltration and obstruction of lymphatics, has some clinical aspects of inflammation and is therefore referred to as inflammatory carcinoma or' mastitis carcinomaiosa',
Granulomatous inflammation
Cats
Granulomatous inflammation is usually characterized by the presence of nodular lesions.
In cats, mammary tumors are mostly malignant and are predominantly tubular or solid adenocarcinomas. A common non-neoplastic lesion in the cat is the fibroadenomaious change or jibroepithelial hyperplasia associated with increased exposure to endogenous or exogenous progestogens.
Interstitial mastitis
Interstitial mastitis refers to inflammation of the stromal tissue. Abscess formation
177