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The management of respiratory failure in infancy
ABSTRACTS
567 ANESTHESIA A N D
INHALATION
THERAPY
Symposium on Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. Anaesth. Intens. Care 1:457-548 (November), 1973. This volume of the Australian Society of Anaesthetists concentrates on pediatric problems. Renal physiology, respiratory function, pharmacology, and changes in body temperature in the infant and child, applicable especially to anesthesia, are discussed. Separate articles on anesthesia deal with equipment, laryngoscopy, and microlaryngeat surgery, congenital heart disease, hemorrhage after tonsillectomy, foreign bodies in the respiratory tract, epiglottitis, neurosurgery and neuroradiology, burns, dental problems, pyloric stenosis, and caudal anesthesia. The article on "The Management of Respiratory Failure in Infancy" is of such quality to demand a separate review.--J. R. Solomon
A study of 6360 newborn infants in Tel-Aviv revealed an asymmetric crying facies in 41 of the infants studied. This is considered to be due to hypoplasia. The lesion was predominantly left sided (83~). The high incidence (1:155) and low incidence of other anomalies which were found in only two infants is in contrast to previous studies. Long-term follow-up of these infants is to be carried out.--D. G. Young Some Unusual Aspects of Clefts of the Lip. D. L. Dey. Aust. NZ J. Surg. 43:171-177 (September), 1973. Fourteen children with unusual clefts of the lip are presented and divided into midline clefts, including arhinencephaly, and lateral and oblique clefts demonstrated as oro-ocular and naso-ocular clefts. The embryologic causes for these defects are considered, and the defects well illustrated by photographs.--J. R. Solomon
The Management of Respiratory Failure in Infancy. J. G. Stocks. Anaesth. Intens. Care 1: 486-506 (November), 1973.
Silastic Frameworks in Total Reconstruction of the Auricle. R. C. Wray and J. E+ Hoopes. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 26:296-297 (July), 1973.
The common causes of respiratory failure are listed and the special physiological implications in infancy are discussed. Reference is made to the need for special units staffed on a 24-hr basis by experienced personnel. The various aspects of management are fully discussed including hypoxia, humidification, intravenous infusion, hypoglycemia, pharyngeal suction, and biochemical assessment. Details are given on the emergency management of respiratory failure and the indications for mechanical assistance of ventilation. Such mechanical methods include intubation or tracheostomy, intermittent positive-pressure respiration, constant positive airway pressure, continuous positive-pressure respiration, and intermittent or continuous negative-pressure respiration, and the indications, technique, and management are fully discussed. The paper admirably reviews and outlines the rationale, indications and details of therapy which may be required in neonates and infants suffering from illnesses affecting respiratory function.--J. R. Solomon
Sixteen silastic ear frames were implanted in 14 patients for the correction of microtia. Thirteen had to be removed because of exposure of the appliance or infection. On the other hand, 13 patients had autogenous rib frameworks with success.--A. Jolleys
HEAD A N D
NECK
Asymmetric Crying Facies and Congenital Anomalies. M. Perlman and S. H. Reisner. Arch. Dis. Child. 48:627-629 (August), 1973.
Tumors of the Mandible and Maxilla in Children. L. P. Tehner. Cancer 32:112-120 (July), 1973. Fourteen case reports with five primary tumors and nine instances of metastatic disease. The primary tumors presented between ages 6 and 15 yr as painless masses. One Ewing's sarcoma was treated with radio- and chemotherapy while the other four lesions (three osteosarcomas, one fibrosarcoma) had resections. Survival is 2 to 18 yr now with no deaths. Of the nine patients with metastatic or locally extended disease, age of presentation was 6 mo to 13 yr and usual presentation was a tender, immobile mass. X-rays generally revealed multiple radiolucent defects. Two patients underwent surgery and the remainder had x-ray therapy with only two survivors, both of them being more recent cases. The deaths occurred from 2 to 42 too. Metastatic lesions included rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, leukemia, and ariaplastic sarcoma--S. Kim
567 ANESTHESIA A N D
INHALATION
THERAPY
Symposium on Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. Anaesth. Intens. Care 1:457-548 (November), 1973. This volume of the Australian Society of Anaesthetists concentrates on pediatric problems. Renal physiology, respiratory function, pharmacology, and changes in body temperature in the infant and child, applicable especially to anesthesia, are discussed. Separate articles on anesthesia deal with equipment, laryngoscopy, and microlaryngeat surgery, congenital heart disease, hemorrhage after tonsillectomy, foreign bodies in the respiratory tract, epiglottitis, neurosurgery and neuroradiology, burns, dental problems, pyloric stenosis, and caudal anesthesia. The article on "The Management of Respiratory Failure in Infancy" is of such quality to demand a separate review.--J. R. Solomon
A study of 6360 newborn infants in Tel-Aviv revealed an asymmetric crying facies in 41 of the infants studied. This is considered to be due to hypoplasia. The lesion was predominantly left sided (83~). The high incidence (1:155) and low incidence of other anomalies which were found in only two infants is in contrast to previous studies. Long-term follow-up of these infants is to be carried out.--D. G. Young Some Unusual Aspects of Clefts of the Lip. D. L. Dey. Aust. NZ J. Surg. 43:171-177 (September), 1973. Fourteen children with unusual clefts of the lip are presented and divided into midline clefts, including arhinencephaly, and lateral and oblique clefts demonstrated as oro-ocular and naso-ocular clefts. The embryologic causes for these defects are considered, and the defects well illustrated by photographs.--J. R. Solomon
The Management of Respiratory Failure in Infancy. J. G. Stocks. Anaesth. Intens. Care 1: 486-506 (November), 1973.
Silastic Frameworks in Total Reconstruction of the Auricle. R. C. Wray and J. E+ Hoopes. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 26:296-297 (July), 1973.
The common causes of respiratory failure are listed and the special physiological implications in infancy are discussed. Reference is made to the need for special units staffed on a 24-hr basis by experienced personnel. The various aspects of management are fully discussed including hypoxia, humidification, intravenous infusion, hypoglycemia, pharyngeal suction, and biochemical assessment. Details are given on the emergency management of respiratory failure and the indications for mechanical assistance of ventilation. Such mechanical methods include intubation or tracheostomy, intermittent positive-pressure respiration, constant positive airway pressure, continuous positive-pressure respiration, and intermittent or continuous negative-pressure respiration, and the indications, technique, and management are fully discussed. The paper admirably reviews and outlines the rationale, indications and details of therapy which may be required in neonates and infants suffering from illnesses affecting respiratory function.--J. R. Solomon
Sixteen silastic ear frames were implanted in 14 patients for the correction of microtia. Thirteen had to be removed because of exposure of the appliance or infection. On the other hand, 13 patients had autogenous rib frameworks with success.--A. Jolleys
HEAD A N D
NECK
Asymmetric Crying Facies and Congenital Anomalies. M. Perlman and S. H. Reisner. Arch. Dis. Child. 48:627-629 (August), 1973.
Tumors of the Mandible and Maxilla in Children. L. P. Tehner. Cancer 32:112-120 (July), 1973. Fourteen case reports with five primary tumors and nine instances of metastatic disease. The primary tumors presented between ages 6 and 15 yr as painless masses. One Ewing's sarcoma was treated with radio- and chemotherapy while the other four lesions (three osteosarcomas, one fibrosarcoma) had resections. Survival is 2 to 18 yr now with no deaths. Of the nine patients with metastatic or locally extended disease, age of presentation was 6 mo to 13 yr and usual presentation was a tender, immobile mass. X-rays generally revealed multiple radiolucent defects. Two patients underwent surgery and the remainder had x-ray therapy with only two survivors, both of them being more recent cases. The deaths occurred from 2 to 42 too. Metastatic lesions included rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, leukemia, and ariaplastic sarcoma--S. Kim