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The mechanism of epinephrine bradycardia and shock in young animals
~5~
AMERICAN HE,~,]G ~ JOURNAI~
good flow even a~ t:his low level of pvessare~ whereas in some instances a sh:~ggL,,'h flow was present in the nlesenteries of some (log's even when t[~e blood pressz,~r,,~ was t~s h i g h AS 60 ram. of mercury. ]~ollowing such l a r g e h e m o r r h a g e s , direct observations showed !'bat ~he eorpus(>~es i~ the vessels were s e p a r a t e d by more ~ha:'~ t}~e n o r m a l a m o n n t *,>fplasma. A5 arterial p r e s s u r e s of 30 to 411 ram. H a , the intesti~e became bluis] ~'~#i, ba centras{ % ils n o r m a l pink color d u r i n g centre1 periods= A l b u m i n i n f u s i e n s given into an a r t e r y a f t e r the press*~re bad been kept~ at ~0 ~o 35 ram. H g f o r h a l f a n hour restored the blood flow, caused t i~e ( o n s t r i c t e d arteries a n d arterioles to relax, t h e blood pressure to rise~ and the intestine and tongue to retun~ a p p r o x i m a t e l y to their n o r m a l cot(n's. This was s i m i b ~ to the c h a n g e s ob served when the blood previously w i t h d r a w n was returned. z\Uq'HOgS,
Baker, E. C., and Miller, :F, A,: ology 43: 1129, 1944.
Yurther Experiences With Venography~
Radi
T h e a u t h o r s described a m e t h o d of v e n o g r a p h y which, in their lmm|s~ has give~ p r a e t i e a l l y complete visualization of t h e veins of the entire leg, thigl b ar~(l lower pelvis in most eases. The v e n o g r a m s are classified into types er p a t t e r n s , i n d i c a t i n g acute a n d chronic block of the superficial and of t h e deep plexuses. Three types of venous t h r o m b o s i s lmve been observed a n d described. F o u r m e t h o d s of a b n o r m a l venous r e t u r n front the t h i g h to the body trove been d e m o n s t r a t e d . T h e y believe t h a t t h e procedure, when properly done~ giv,,~s h i g h l y accurate i n f o r m a t i o n . A IJTHOR,S.
Jones, J. C., and Thompson, W. P.: T h o r a c i c Surg. 13: 357, 1944.
Arteriovenous Fistula of the Lung.
do
A r t e r i o v e n o u s fistula, of the l u n g p r o d m c s a s y n d r o m e characterized by cyanosis, c l u b b i n g of fingers and toes, s y m p t o m a t i c polycytheufi G and s y m p t o m s o±" anoxemi G u s u a l l y in a y o u n g p a t i e n t with a n obscure lung t u m o r and a n o r m a l imart.. A cont i n u o u s m u r m u r m a y be heard over the tumovo T h e t r e a t m e n t is resection of the fistul~q or p u h n o n a r y resection, either of the lobe or t h e entire lang. T h e ease of a p a t i e n t witll arteviovenoas fis*ala ot the rigi~t l u n g cured by pneum o n e e t e m y is reported in detail. AUTHOI~S.
Enikeeva, S . I . : The Mechanism of Epinephrine Bradycardia and Shock in Young Animals. Am. J. Physiol. 143: ]34, 1.945~ P u p p i e s less t h a n 45 days old wimse v a g u s centers show neitl,er tonic a c t i v i t y n o r reflex excitability respond with cardiac acceleration to small doses and eardiac slowing to l a r g e doses of epinephrine. P u p p i e s and y o u n g r a b b i t s show t h e s e re sponses a f t e r section of both w~gi t)u~ tile slowing does not occur a f t e r sympathectomy. E p i n e p h r i n e b r a d y e a r d i a is throug'h s y m p a t h e t i c i n n e r v a i i o n in very y o u n g animals. E p i n e p h r i n e b r a d y e a r d i a is reversible if the dose is not too large, i f the dose exceeds the f a t a l dose for adults by eight to ten times, the y o u n g a n i m a l will die i~ t h i r t y to one h u n d r e d e i g h t y minutes. Death in two to f o u r minutes, characteristic of the a d u l t rabbit, occurs in tl~e y o u n g r a b b i t only if ,qm dose is twe~ty t~ t h i r t y t i m e s t h e lethal dose f o r the adult. Y o u n g r a b b i t s do n o t show l u n g e d e m a a f t e r epinephrine as do a d u l t G lho~gi~ it m a y be produced in the y o u n g rabbit by l u n g i r r i t a n t s . A [TT]~'OR,
Rimmerman, A. B.: Digilanid and the Therapy of Congestive Heam~ Disease. Am. X. M. So. 209: 3a~ 1945. Dig]]an]d, a complex of l a n a t o s i d e s A, }~ and C, the pure giycoside~ of D.i.qitali.~ lanata, a d j u s t e d by weight, w a s studied in twenty-seven cases of congestive h e a r t failure.
Our i n v e s t i g a t i o n proves digilanid to be a n effeetiw~ caddie-active p r e p a r a
AMERICAN HE,~,]G ~ JOURNAI~
good flow even a~ t:his low level of pvessare~ whereas in some instances a sh:~ggL,,'h flow was present in the nlesenteries of some (log's even when t[~e blood pressz,~r,,~ was t~s h i g h AS 60 ram. of mercury. ]~ollowing such l a r g e h e m o r r h a g e s , direct observations showed !'bat ~he eorpus(>~es i~ the vessels were s e p a r a t e d by more ~ha:'~ t}~e n o r m a l a m o n n t *,>fplasma. A5 arterial p r e s s u r e s of 30 to 411 ram. H a , the intesti~e became bluis] ~'~#i, ba centras{ % ils n o r m a l pink color d u r i n g centre1 periods= A l b u m i n i n f u s i e n s given into an a r t e r y a f t e r the press*~re bad been kept~ at ~0 ~o 35 ram. H g f o r h a l f a n hour restored the blood flow, caused t i~e ( o n s t r i c t e d arteries a n d arterioles to relax, t h e blood pressure to rise~ and the intestine and tongue to retun~ a p p r o x i m a t e l y to their n o r m a l cot(n's. This was s i m i b ~ to the c h a n g e s ob served when the blood previously w i t h d r a w n was returned. z\Uq'HOgS,
Baker, E. C., and Miller, :F, A,: ology 43: 1129, 1944.
Yurther Experiences With Venography~
Radi
T h e a u t h o r s described a m e t h o d of v e n o g r a p h y which, in their lmm|s~ has give~ p r a e t i e a l l y complete visualization of t h e veins of the entire leg, thigl b ar~(l lower pelvis in most eases. The v e n o g r a m s are classified into types er p a t t e r n s , i n d i c a t i n g acute a n d chronic block of the superficial and of t h e deep plexuses. Three types of venous t h r o m b o s i s lmve been observed a n d described. F o u r m e t h o d s of a b n o r m a l venous r e t u r n front the t h i g h to the body trove been d e m o n s t r a t e d . T h e y believe t h a t t h e procedure, when properly done~ giv,,~s h i g h l y accurate i n f o r m a t i o n . A IJTHOR,S.
Jones, J. C., and Thompson, W. P.: T h o r a c i c Surg. 13: 357, 1944.
Arteriovenous Fistula of the Lung.
do
A r t e r i o v e n o u s fistula, of the l u n g p r o d m c s a s y n d r o m e characterized by cyanosis, c l u b b i n g of fingers and toes, s y m p t o m a t i c polycytheufi G and s y m p t o m s o±" anoxemi G u s u a l l y in a y o u n g p a t i e n t with a n obscure lung t u m o r and a n o r m a l imart.. A cont i n u o u s m u r m u r m a y be heard over the tumovo T h e t r e a t m e n t is resection of the fistul~q or p u h n o n a r y resection, either of the lobe or t h e entire lang. T h e ease of a p a t i e n t witll arteviovenoas fis*ala ot the rigi~t l u n g cured by pneum o n e e t e m y is reported in detail. AUTHOI~S.
Enikeeva, S . I . : The Mechanism of Epinephrine Bradycardia and Shock in Young Animals. Am. J. Physiol. 143: ]34, 1.945~ P u p p i e s less t h a n 45 days old wimse v a g u s centers show neitl,er tonic a c t i v i t y n o r reflex excitability respond with cardiac acceleration to small doses and eardiac slowing to l a r g e doses of epinephrine. P u p p i e s and y o u n g r a b b i t s show t h e s e re sponses a f t e r section of both w~gi t)u~ tile slowing does not occur a f t e r sympathectomy. E p i n e p h r i n e b r a d y e a r d i a is throug'h s y m p a t h e t i c i n n e r v a i i o n in very y o u n g animals. E p i n e p h r i n e b r a d y e a r d i a is reversible if the dose is not too large, i f the dose exceeds the f a t a l dose for adults by eight to ten times, the y o u n g a n i m a l will die i~ t h i r t y to one h u n d r e d e i g h t y minutes. Death in two to f o u r minutes, characteristic of the a d u l t rabbit, occurs in tl~e y o u n g r a b b i t only if ,qm dose is twe~ty t~ t h i r t y t i m e s t h e lethal dose f o r the adult. Y o u n g r a b b i t s do n o t show l u n g e d e m a a f t e r epinephrine as do a d u l t G lho~gi~ it m a y be produced in the y o u n g rabbit by l u n g i r r i t a n t s . A [TT]~'OR,
Rimmerman, A. B.: Digilanid and the Therapy of Congestive Heam~ Disease. Am. X. M. So. 209: 3a~ 1945. Dig]]an]d, a complex of l a n a t o s i d e s A, }~ and C, the pure giycoside~ of D.i.qitali.~ lanata, a d j u s t e d by weight, w a s studied in twenty-seven cases of congestive h e a r t failure.
Our i n v e s t i g a t i o n proves digilanid to be a n effeetiw~ caddie-active p r e p a r a