THE MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL JOURNAL.

341

zinc was the weight and value of which were out suppository com- of all proportion ; we shall take the liberty, posed of six grains of opium. A consultation without further preface, of examining its was again appointed for nine, but he could contents, and ascertaining what the little not be prevailed upon to see any of his medi- band of three, (for Dr. Webster’s elegant cal attendants, except Mr. Callaway. His and grammatical second-hand " observa-

suppositories less stimulating, the discontinued, and

each

pulse had risen to 1X0, and was intermittent,

tions"

hardly

entitle him to rank

as

a

peculiar expression of countenance. fourth,) have just contributed towards supA.M. of Thursday, the phrenzy had porting the character of that work which reached a height at which he could not be the unfortunate RODERICK so efl’ectually soothed, even by his wife and sister, whom ruined in the eyes of " the faculty in Europe he severally attempted to injure by blows ; and America." with At 3

We are induced to pass over for the pretheir affection and firmness, however, eventually overcame his rage. At half past 3, sent the paper on the medical schools of he inquired for Mr. Callaway, who, upon Italy, for the sake of a few words on the being called up, immediately attended, and subject of the second, " Observations and soothed the unhappy sufferer’s mind, and on Mesmerism," which procontinued to do so by his presence until 5, fesses to be written by Mr. RICHARD CHEwhen he left, the pulse of the deceased being NEVIX, a gentleman who is not a member of thea so rapid, as to render it difficult to the profession, but " a fellow of the Royal couat it. From this time, his miseries in- Society," in which body, we fear, the phicreased ; Mr. Callaway called again at 7, losophers are fewer than they ought to be. but did not get admitted; in this state the The subject of Mesmerism has been,tied to poor fellow continued with scarcely any the tail of Mr. CHENEVIX on the other side intermission until half past 10, when death i of the water, by some French wags, who terminated his sufferings. pretend that they believe in the doctrine (if I am informed by Mr. Callaway, that it be not an abuse of language to dignify shortly before his arrival, on the morning of such an art with the name,) and we supThursday, the deceased’s sexual propensi- pose that, like a dog with a tin kettle, or the Dirce at his tail, ties had led him to express himself very wild bull of Thebes with Mr. C. will drag this 11 mesmerism" about, lasciviously. till one of the two, Mr. C. or the subject, Charlotte- street, Blackfriars, (and heaven long preserve the life of the June 3,182P. forruer,) gives up the ghost. It would be perfectly in character with the paper to treat the whole as a joke, which was too good to be spoiled ; but this is No.on the same topic, and has been prefaced by THE MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL another, with which Mr. CUENEVIX rushed JOURNAL. into the presence of the sedate public two

Experiments

months since, exclaiming in a voice that, THE last Number of this melancholy ma- comingfrom St. Paul’s Church yard, might gazine exhibited a glaring instance of " the have been heard in Hyde Park, "Mesmescant measure that is abominable," and this rism is true, is true ! Mesmerism is true ! fact we took an early occasion of hint- llejoice ye sick, ye maimed, ye bilious, ye ing to the editors. The case appeared the blind, and ye deaf, it is true, every word !" We cannot, in reason, expect such of our more flagrant, because the measure was leanness itself in quality, as well as quau. readers as are under three or four score tity. Our hint on the subject, however, years of age, to understand what is meant has not passed unheeded, for Mr. Souter, by the term mesmerism;" but those who sensible of the injustice of charging halfa have arrived at this venerable period of life, crown for half a dozen pages of bald matter will probably call to mind some particulars called "original papers," though a large of the birth and progress of a mania which parcel of reprint may at the same time be raged for a time in their youth under the thrown into the scale, has this month sent name of animal magnetism, an importation forth a number, at least two-thirds of which from the French capital, after it had been its purchasers have not paid for before in kicked out of every other city on the contisome other shape. nent, and was finally knocked on the head but, as experience has taught us that in England, in consequence of a patient and mere appearances are deceptive, and that, most careful investigation into its claims, by whatever show it may make, the Yellow a committee of the first philosophers and Journal isnot every month a golden treasure; physicians living. For the benefit of those, that this publicaticn, as m the reign of however, whoss hairs time has not yet silRODERICK MACLEOD, has often borne a, vered, we will state here what mesmerism dose resemblance to the money of Lycargta, is, au explanation which is the more Ileces"

’

342 sary. because Mr. Chenevix has not daredwe say has not dared—to give one in either of his papers. I here is good reason why he should not have done so. There are no words in which lie could have framed an explanation, which, thrown into sentences, would have been tolerated, even by his own ear, for one moment, as fit language for a man of science, and the days of alchemy and astrology must return, before he could frame them for the ears of others. What notion was meant to be conveyed by the term animal magnetism, when it first arose, may be very shortly stated ; and we will give it from the explanation of the greatest juggler that ever dabbled in the art. He supposed that matter and space were pervaded by an invisible fluid, of a different kind from any of which philosophy had hitherto taken account. This fluid was denominated magnetism, and was said to

’

that evidence being the great criterion Mid mark of truth, you should hke to have some proof of the existence of this sympathy and man’s dominion over it, he would possibly take you before that unhappy dyspeptic JsMMY JoHNBTONE, author ot the Medico-Fudgico-Piratico, and in your presence mesmerise Jemmy’s bilious noddle, with the same results that you would sure

yourself produce by administering a full box of Mr. P. Pettigrew’s ipeeacua.chit lozenges. Search AIr. CHENEVix’s two papers through, and see how much more light he has thrown upon the subject than

note how many of the secrets of the he has disclosed. The mason is not more quiet as to the proceedings of his lodge, nor the privy council of its cabinets, nor a jury of its conferences, than Mr. CHENEV IX on the only point which can give sane men an opportunity of deciding upon possess a peculiar, indefinite, inexplicable, his claims to their confidence. supernatural, magical, spiritual, etherial sort In these remarks, there is nothing harsh of influence over all things, and that such or unmerited. We may know, under the mountebanks as himself possessed the power rose, pretty well what is the composition of of calling it into action, and rendering it sub- a remedy-yet, if the practitioner make it a servient to the benefit of the sick and the secret, he must be called a quack. MT. CHEsore. It happened that though these fellows NEVIX puts his subject forward, and keeps-its could magnetise, indifferently, whatever nature back designedly. What shall he We should be sorry to reply, came in their way, whether the object was be called? a. pig, a tree, or a handsaw,- yet human without having sufficient cause for doing beings were the grand subjects -of their so, if the answer be to his operations, (for neither pegs nor posts We will therefore give our readers a fair possessed purses,) and therefore the mag- opportunity of deciding. We shall not quote netism came to be called animal mag- largely in doing this, as the production of a netism. Further: the agents by which the very few sentences must settle the quesjugglers professed to direct this influence, tion ; these we shall take from the second were such things as mirrors, renectors, of the papers, tlw two being quite of a.piecQ, celestinas, and wands, and a presenting and and neither of them redeeming the other waving of hands after the manner of bottle from the charges which may be brought imps, as was lately to be seen at the Eng. against either. lish Opera House ; and, nna.Hy, because the It is not to be denied that to a person unname of one of the great magnetic conju- acquainted with the subject, the statements rors was " Mesmer," and in order to dis. of Mr. Chenevix, or of any other mesmeguise if possible the old absurdity by a new riser, are such as would excite in him a cerphrase, animal magnetism is now called tain degree of curiosity ;and bearing in mind mesmerism. the professed object of the author, the imIn estimating the value of this art, it is portance which he attaches to an universal impossible to state the principles upon belief in mesmerism, and the anxiety he which it is founded, in more definite terms evinces to create a public interest in it, the than these. If Mr. Chenevix himself were first thing a reader would expect to find, isa asked, " what is mesmerism?" he would explanation of the word mesmerism; on his knowledge of that, ought the basis probably tell you that it was ’° a sympathy." If you wished to know of what kind was the of his faith to rest. A first readingof the sympathy, he would very likely mention the paper, however, affords him so little idea words magnetic- attraction-nervous ac- on the subject, that he begins it again. But tion-and throw himself into the attitude of the second. reading excites his suspicion, a fugleman at morning parade. If you en- that he is not to be made,as clever as Mr. deavoured to obtain further infoimation, he CHENEVIX on such easy terms. Doubting, would possibly tell you that it was connected however, that he may be dull, he examines with some action of the mind of a mysteri- every word that can possibly furnish him o.us kind, not to be taught or learned, but to with a key, but the writer is too wary for be found out or unwittingly acquired ; and him, and rings such a change of terms upon if, convinced that there really might be the word mesmerism, whenever lie, is push. somethingin the doctrine, you told him, ed for a. phrase which will enable him to

this; art

°

disadvantage.

distinct

I for

343 with metals, and was an universal agent, And suppose that which was " true." Messrs. Galileo, Pascal, and Black, though they were fully aware that you knew nothing of the or the air-pump, or combustion and attraction, enjoined you to lay aside your ignorance for a moment, and have recourse to fair experiment, in order that you might be satisfied of the truth of these tion—a means-a magnetising—a concen- statements, become a wiser man, and science trating of mind—a passing of the hands-a be advanced by an addition to the number of new branch of knowledge—a therapeutic- her disciples. Imagine this, and that they a doctrine-a question"—and, it, it, it, then left the subject, without a syllable OR that unlucky pronoun, whenever it can be the nature of the apparatus with which thrown in to avoid 11 the too frequent repe- alone the experiments could be made, or the tition of some noun." mode in which they must be conducted. It is of no avail, then, to go to the parts For what should you set these men down? of Mr. CHENRVIXS sentences for the inforWith this cry of experiment" does Mr. million which is so desirable, and at the re- Chevenix not only set out, but conclude. tèntion of which he seemeth to be so pro- Ile makes at the close, a second appeal to his found ail adept; resort must be had to hearers. ’’By experiment let the truth be the sentences themselves. Surely, in them, told. Let any twelve men in England, de. he will address the profession in a manner vote twelve half hours each to experiment, suitable to a man of science, and a fellow of secundum artem, and then let them relate three or four royal societies. It is soon the issue.’’ And under the cover of a phrase which the writer would not translate into cleat, however, that it is not to the only English words that it will bear, which are trusted with the art ; few as they are, however, let does Mr. Chevenix endeavour at once to have them, and see if they be, on examina- exhibit a specimen of his candour, and tion, as curious as they promise. Here is a hide the experiment, which is on the verge rate bit of writing in the first sentence. If of meeting the day-light that must expose affectation of candout and pure humbug were it. If mesmerism were truth itself, it would ever united at all, they are united here. be shamed by such a disciple. ’° It is by no means," he starts with saying, Mr. CHENEVIX has his pupils, and it was "the desire of those who are convinced of just possible, that if they spoke of the art, the truth of mesmerism, to urge belief upon the" experiment" might be betrayed. Obtheif mere assertion, but to excite curiosity, serve, how farthful a set of dis to turn the public mind towards this power- ciples lie has contrived to make them, and ful agent, so true, yet so much despised, and how cautiously they have been enjoined to to engage some inquirers to lay aside their speak in the letters which he ventures to preconceptions for a moment, and have re- make public. One of the disciples is a Dr. course to fair experiment." Cotter, of Batlvnaearig, in Ireland. He is To fair experiment, Mr. Chenevix? Is induced to write to fiis tutor, acquainting it possible that you Write thus, and yet that him with a cure which he supposes he has throughout the whole of your papers you do effected by mesmerism. What was the not let fall one single syllable, which shall course he pursued 1 "Iproceeded to try enable any person to make the very trial, my hand at mesmerism, in imitation o which you say is the only ground that you what 1 had seen you do. After some time, possess for confidence. We lay â,ide the the patient grew quiet. With the hope of mystical terms in which the whole sentence excitztag the stomach to action, I directed my is written, though it is by no means a bad attention particularly to the epigastric respecimen of the new style, or we should find gion." Continuing this for two or three as much to admire in it, as would occupy a minutes, the man vomited an immense volume of comment. It is for instance, so quantity of liquid. By and by his bowels shrewd to say that Mesmerism is true, were confined, and " 1 again had recourse to with the same good effect." "this powerful agent is so true." Geometry is true ; caturic is true ; alk-,ilies are And there Dr. Cotter quits the dangerous

preserve the thread of his discourse, without

clue to the art of the mesmeriser—that he sees, it is quite clear, nothing The myscan be gained by pursuing them. terious thing is by turns denominated °’ an agent—an influence-an art-an application-an experiment—an investigation-an operation-a practice—a treatment-a proceeding—a trial—a science-a plicnome-

furnishing

a

atmosphere,

"

of these directmany reference

us’

-...

however,

mesmerism

true ; poetry is true ! subject. A Mr. Levinge then States a case But your intreaty, that inquirers would make all hecan be persuaded to say of is, that lie also " directexperiment of the art is excellent. Suphis attention to those parts," the head, pose fora moment, that you were perusing an essay by Gallleo, who told you, that air belly, and legs, and gave the patient mesmepossessed weight, or of Pascal, who as- lised water to drink, a quart every day, but or ofnot a word falls out to disclose what mes. sured you that it possessed Mack, who affirmed that it would unite merised water is. Then there is a patient

true; pneumatics

are

in

the which "experiments" ed

elasticity,

344 2. While every visible object is per. ceived in its actual position, it is always the that every time the relater drew his hands converse of the image on the retina. before the patient, she felt " life going 3. Although it is evident that every image down through her body along with them." is modified to the curve of the retina, yet to be

mesmerised who is touched with in-

sanity, and of the " experiment" it is stated,

in another case, it is observed that every near body seems straight or crooked, the symptoms showed themselves " in one convex or concave, according to the true minute after the operation began," and that figure of its presenting disc. a state of calmness was produced as spon as 4. The retina itself is confined to a mere the passes commenced. That the trials iota of space ; yet from this small tablet is Then a patient conceived, not only the most minute objects, never exceeded so and so. writes that he felt very sensibly affected by but also the majesty of greatness and gran. the mesmerism, and so, on it runs to the end deur. of the chapter. Singleness of vision is not unfrequently We are not disposed to carry the exposure attributed to unknown agency, to some pemuch further. Mr. Chenevix must, before culiar nervous conformation, or rather dis. long, have ample means of" ascertaining tribution ; but if we acknowledge a peculiar whether this is, or is not, the country nervous distribution to prevent double vi. whose duty it is to expose the imposture," sion, must we not allow that a like provision though it is almost too bad to tax the pa- exists to prevent double sound? Again, if tience of the public by any attempt to ap- it be confessed that the parts of the retina peal from the " eternal quietus which was which correspond in structure correspond in given to the science" by the report of Frank- function, that theory which supposes cor. lin and his coadjutors. Let it, however, responding parts of the retinæ may be easily continue to be borne in mind, that through confuted. Now it is argued, that when a the credulity of the people of this country person whose sight is perfect, looks directly and France, the conjuror Deslon realised a at an object, the axes of both eyes are infortune of a hundred thousand pounds, by clined towards each other, and then the means of an art which was pronounced, after images are formed on corresponding points a most elaborate investigation by the first of the retinæ, and hence single vision must philosophers of the day, as a wietched and result. Let the reader try the following disgraceful piece of deception. experiment. The eyes being directed on any distant object, cause any other small body to intervene, at a very short distance (the finger may be held a few inches disON VISION. tant) ,the axes of the eyes may be still toOF all the mysterious problems in nature, wards the distant object, while attention is perhaps none appear more paradoxical than given to that which is near; the effect will some of those which relate to the organ of be, that the distant object will appear sin. vision. Such is their distinguished singu- gle, and the near one double. Now, allarity, that they seem to mock the mind though the axes of the eyes do not correwith contradictions, or even to reverse the spond in direction with the nearer object, very Jaws of nature. But while we are every optician will allow, that its images assured that these are eternally immutable, are formed on parts of the retinse, which it must ever be a maxim with the votaries correspond as precisely as those parts which of science, that it is ignorance alone which are found to correspond with the axes of the creates anomalies, and that every effect, eyes. Now, let it be observed, that this is whether plain or mysterious, is equally an example of double vision, which is not the result of a palpable principle. Nature produced by any obliquity of the visual or. is ever consistent: and whenever she ex- gans, but the axes of the eyes do not meet hibits the semblance of error, it is the laud- on the object, and this is alone suflicielit to able ambition of, the human understanding produce double vision. Then if the physiologist affirm, that so to prove her congruity. The following phenomena have often been long as the images of an object are disposed the subject of curious speculation. illany on corresponding points of the retinas, single to explain them, yet none vision must result, his doctrine is erroueous. theories are has been hitherto fairly established. The Nevertheless it is true, that when the axes two former have excited especial attention, of the eyes correspond, and single vision is but the latter are certainly no less remark- effected, correspondence m the visual parts of the retina* is also observed. Now these able. 1. Although the animal race is endowed arguments tend to prove, that mere correwith phtratity of optical organs, and though spondence of the parts of the retinae will nct light from a visible object pottiays an account for singleness of vision. The apprehension of an eaternal obiect, image on the retina of each, nevertheless we remark all unity of perception. the medium of light, is the pecubat

Then,

taught

though

345 appears in the line of ; this effect is the It is for this reasine qua, non a retina, and equtilly,unaware, when an if animal were at the that an is of its seen, son, gifted with a existing image ject bottom of the eye. Hence the faculty of thousand eyes, and their respective axes vision ougbt never to be confounded with were truly adjusted to a visible object, and the sense of touch. All visible bodies ap- as many images correctly applied on their pear in a right line of direction upon the sensitive retinæ, singleness of vision would retina on which they are im- still be preserved, for it is plain, that only point of thebefore faculty exists of re- one image could be seen in the same direcimpressed,distance. the All the above problems tion. So, also, it is for the same reason, cognising of vision may be readily reduced to this that when, as is seen in the above experiwell-known principle, which is, in reality, ment, an image is found on the right side the peculiar characteristic of the ocular of the eye, it appears to the left, and vice sense ; but philosophers have not consider- versa. Again : the same law of direction ed the effects as analogous, and resulting which applies to the relative situations of from a common or identical cause.’ Siugle- objects with regard to the images, and to aU ness of vision, and the inversion of optical the phenomena of single and double vision, images, are subjects which have ever been will apply to every component part of any distinctly studied, and different theories ad. image ad i;afznituyn. Hence we may perduced in explanation of each. ceive, not only the physical cause for the inversion of images, but also for the reverse On Single and Double Vision. disposition of their every individual part. In the above experiment we observed, On the estimation of the size and figure of that the distant object appeared single, Bodies. while the axes of the eyes corresponded in of the direction; the near object appeared double. Jt is evident that the knowledge Now, as a reason why the distant object actual fiaure and magnitude of bodies canappears single, we may argue that the di. not be conveyed to the novice in vision, rection of an object must always be con- through the medium of light. Nevertheless, ceived with relation to the position of either it has been a question of dispute among the of the eyes, independently of the other ; lear..ed, whether a mere tyro in the visual and, therefore, for the same reason that the art could distinguish the 6gutes of surrounddistant object appears single, the near ob- ing bodies, as for example, whether they know a convex from a flat surface, ject appears double. Repeat the experi- would ment, and then close one of the eyes, and the bodies being considered, in other rethe image of the near object will of course spects, equal. The true answer will be in the affirmative :he would certainly see a appear on that side of the open eye at which it really exists ; but reverse the eyes, i.e. difference, but he could not appreciate the close that which was open and open that cause, neither could he tell which was the which was shut, and the axes of the eyes, convex or which the plain object. So, also, judge rightly of their relative probeing still directed on a distant object, the he wouldnot near object will appear to change sides, and portion, only with regard to each other, thus, as the eyes are open and shut alter- but also with relation to surroundingobjects of the proportions of nately, the near object will appear to pass if equally near ; buttheir relative and actual from right to left and from left to right. promiscuous bodies, Now this is an illusion, but it is not con- sizes and shapes, his conceptions would be nected with functional aberration, neither utterly vague or fallacious ; in a word, he does the double conception, when both eyes would not be enabled to estimate distance,

characteristic of the visual

sense.

We are, the visible

I

object

by nature, totally unconscious of possessing direction from

ob-

are

open, prove either eye in fault;

on

the

nor

the image of vision.

allow for its effects

on

the visual

image ;

for the inherent influence of contrary, the functions of either eye being yet were it not of law the direction, experience could not of the each other, wholly independent truly represents the position of the object; butteach us to estimate distance : not only du-

is held to the right of the axis of plicity of Vision, and inversion of objects and to the left of the axis of the would inevitably occur, but every object eye other ; and hence, as the object is in reality would appear of the same limited size, of the on two opposite sides, it must appear dou. same actual figure, and in the same contible. These arguments will apply in every guous position as the image on the retina. Here the writer may add, ill conclusiou, example of double vision, however piothat some time ago he published other duced. essays on the subject of vision, wherein he On the inveuled position of the Image, with contended, that all objects which are seen regard to the object. beyond the point of distinct vision will Now the above explanation of single and always form iheir images at the same focal double vision, is grounded on the fact, that distance, and hence showed the noa.necesthe

one

object

346

sity of ocular adjustment. Other important and the passage of the food throuatr it, had of optical physiology he also endea- caused the most violent inflammation and

points

voured to illustrate. Whatever have been even danger of suffocation, so as to induce the defects of his essays, the subject is one him to adopt an opposite plan ; it will, of ineffable interest, and not only so to the moreover, he added, be found vety difficult, mere physiologist, but also to the general if not impossible, to keep the edges of an philosopher, and if it tend to involve- the extensive wound of the neck united by mind in metaphysical perplexities, it secures means of the bandage and position of the to the author the indulgence of the wise. patient, as has hitherto been the general Physiology is the noblest of sciences, and practice at the Hôtel-Dieu, which consisted every department of animated nature teems in the application of a circular bandagè round with intellectual delight. All we behold is the chest and another round the head, unrtperfection and beauty, from the first simple ed by strings, in such a manner as to keep dawn of vegetation, or vital evolution, to the head drawn towards the chest, the thighs the glorious development ofman. So also being, at the same time, kept bent upon the in each particular organ of the vitalised abdomen. This position, besides being ex. frame, we trace the operation of infallible tremely incommodious, is very often changed Laws. But the eye is an organ of pre-emi. involuntarily, and can never be maintained nent interest, being no less beautiful in its in those cases where, as it ofren happens, structure than sublime in its functions : it the attempt at suicide is followed by deli. is the greatest ornament of the being, and rium. These difficulties are obviated by the affords the greatest charms to existence. employment of sutures, which, however, M. Like a mirror, it rt’ilects every moral and Dupuytren remarked, it will be advisable every mental implession; to the soul it not to draw too closely, in order to present would seem a pavilion-to nature an univer- the danger of an emphysematous swelling sal oracle ; and must ever be regarded with and theinfiltration of the food.—Lancette wonder and admiration. Française. 1’. WILLIAMS. ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S HOSPITAL.

HOTEL-DIEU. SUCCEEDFD BY COMPOUND DISLO’ SIMPLE, CATION FORWARDS, OF THE INFERIOR

EXTENSIVE WOUND OF THE NECK.

ON the 4th of April,

EX1REJlIITY

1829,

a

young

man

OF

THE TIBIA,

was admitted, who, on the day previous, had With Fracture of its posterior ,edge, Comminuted Fracture of the Fibula, Amputamade an attempt to destroy himself by cutting his throat ; the wound extended from tion of the Leg, uud Death. one side of the neck to the other ; both the 1’. J. B. LANIGAN, ætat. 53, was admitted, carotids were laid bare, but had not been April 27th, into Harlev’s Ward, under the wounded; the sterno and thyro-hyoid mus- care of Mr. Earle, having sustained a severe cles and the thryro.hyoid liganient were injury to theparts connected with the right

so that- the upper part of the tarynx aticle-joirit. States, that on the night of distinctly seen ; the air passed though his admission, while walking along Cheapthe wound, and speech was completely sus- side, two men, larking, as he supposed, ran pended, but returned immediately on closing against him and knocked him off the pavethe wound. For the latter purpose four ment. As he fell, his right leg went under sutures were applied, so as not to unite the him, his ancle struck against the curb-stone, edges completely, but only to keep them he was unable to get up and stand upon it, near each other. The patient, who had be- and accordingly was brought to the Hospital. fore the act swallowed about a pint of On being admitted, there was f,)und to be brandy, was, at the time of his admission, dislocation of the tibia forwards, and a comminuted fracture of the fibula. The muscles apparently not intoxicated, but M. Dupuytren obsei ved, that in wounds of of the limb were ucting spasmodically with

divided,

was

delirious.

this kind the

use

considered

contra

of sutures

was

dislocation of the tibia. generally great violence.andThe the in

indicated,* and that he, till within the last few Bfars, had been ot the same opinion; he had, however, seen as

was

reduced,

leg put

up

sphnta.

Twelve leeches to be applied to the part, and cold cloths. so many cases of deep wouuds of the neck, 28. llr. Earle desired the splints to he. in which the free access of air to the wound, removed, that he might examine the parts. The moment they were taken off, the spas*This was principally done by the au- modic action of the muscles instantlv disthors of the travaux de l’académie Royale tocated the tibia again. de Chirurg-ie. again ; leave the patient on his side; give

Apply tbe splints