The Ninety‐Second Annual Meeting of the American Pharmaceutical Association Cleveland, Ohio, September 7–9, 1944

SCIENTIFIC EDITION

423

THE NINETY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION CLEVELAND, OHIO, SEPTEMBER 7-9, 1944

Abstract of the Proceedings of the General Sessions*

First General Sessioiz The First General Session was preceded by a force than it is a t the present time as a representadinner meeting of the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL tive of all phases of professional pharmacy. ASSOCIATION and affiliated organizations with Mr. I n the absence of both of the Vice-presidents, A. P. Gegenheimer, Chairman and Secretary of the Past-President Roy Bird Cook assumed the Chair Local Committee, acting as Toastmaster. Mr. while President Griffith read his presidential adGegenheimer introduced distinguished guests and dress (page 424). The President’s address was rethen presented Dr. Winfred G. Leutner, President ferred t o the Committee on Resolutions and Mr. of Western Reserve University, who responded Cook relinquished the Chair t o President Griffith. with a brief address. The President then introduced Dr. Morris FishMr. Gegenheimer then introduced Mayor Frank bein, Editor of the Journal of the American Medical J. Lausche, of the City of Cleveland, who responded Association, who addressed the assembly on the briefly with a short address of welcome and other subject of medicine and pharmacy in the post-war appropriate remarks. world. Dr. Fishbein’s address, which was enFollowing the dinner meeting, the First General thusiastically received, is published in this issue Session formally convened in the ballroom of the (page 434). Hotel Cleveland at 8:15 p. m., President Ivor Following Dr. Fishbein’s address, President Griffith presiding. Griffith introduced President-elect George A. MoulActing Secretary Charles R. Bohrer was called ton, prefacing his introduction by reading comupon to make necessary announcements and to read munications from Governor Robert 0. Blood of the communications t o the ASSOCIATION. Mr. Bohrer State of New Hampshire and Carlton R. Metcalf, read the following message from Past-President Secretary of the New Hampshire Medical AssociaWalter D. Adams of Forney, Texas. tion. Governor Blood’s communication reads as follows: “Government restrictions on use of telegraph lines prevent my usual message of greetings to the Con“I understand you have chosen George Moulton vention. Therefore I am sending you this brief note of Peterborough, New Hampshire, as your president. to convey t o the convention my sincere and warmest I have known George for some years and have been greetings. I trust that a pleasant and constructive closely associated with him in legislation affecting meeting may be held. the State as a whole and especially legislation “But for the inconvenient travel conditions, I feel affecting the medical profession and pharmacists of sure Mrs. Adams and I would be present personally New Hampshire, and have found him most coto greet those with whom we have been pleased t o operative and helpful at all times. associate in the days gone by. “I suppose I need not tell you that Dr. Moulton “Our best wishes t o each of you.” is energetic and efficient, and I am sure will do an job for your Society. President Griffith then introduced Honorary excellent “I feel that in making George Moulton your President George Judisch who responded briefly president you have honored not only him but the with a plea for an increase in membership in the State of New Hampshire, and am sure that he will so that it may become an even greater be a credit t o the State as a whole.” ASSOCIATION

* The

General %ions were held in the Hotel Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, on Thursday evening, September 7, and Saturday evening, September 9,

1944.

Dr. Metcalf’s letter is given below:

“I understand that you have chosen George Moulton of Peterborough, N. H., as President of your ASSOCIATION during the coming year. For

424

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

several years now, George has worked in close cooperation with the New Hampshire Medical Society and has been largely responsible for the cordial relationship that exists pretty generally in this State between the pharmacists and doctors. We have been able t o take a bolder stand in matters which must have practical cooperation. “Our Medical Society feels that this is important in these difficult times, and I can recommend such cooperation for all the other States in which it does not already exist. Incidentally, here in New Hampshire the Hospital Association and the Nurses Association are likewise playing ball. “It is a signal honor that you are giving George Moulton, but on the other hand from what I know of his work and of him, I feel that you are fortunate to have him for this particular task.” Dr. Moulton responded to President Griffith’s introduction with a brief address (page 438) following which Chairman Walton E. Bobst was pre-

sented to the Convention. Mr. Bobst read his address (page 438) entitled: “The National Pharmacy Committee on Public Information, Inc.” Following Mr. Bohst’s presentation the report of the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws (page 442) was presented by Dr. George D. Beal. With the approval of those present at the First Session, i t was decided that the reading of the report of the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education (page 479) by Dr. A. G. DuMez, and the report of the Committee on the Status of Pharmacists in t h e Government Service (page 486) by Major Arthur Einbeck, would be presented t o the First Session of the House of Delegates on Friday, September 8. Upon t h e motion of Dr. Robert P. Fischelis, the First General Session of the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION adjourned at midnight.

Address of the President of the American Pharmaceutical Association* By Iuor Grifith

0

NE year ago I was formally inducted into the honor and office of president of this AssoCIATION. I remember, in a brief inaugural address given upon that date, how I asked that we together pray and together practice t o the end that happiness and peace might come again to the lives of all and I also ventured the hope when we convened a year from that date, which is now, that common sense and the simple decencies would have sublimed from the crucible of hate, a peace and a n understanding to abide with us all, time without end. That hope and prayer have not been completely fulfilled, but it is evident that the end of the war is not far off, and that we shall be confronted sooner than we know with those challenges and with those trials which the adjustments of peace must inevitably bring. With relishing and appreciating the honor of the presidency of this ASSOCIATION, with a proper pride in its past, in its present, and with a prayer for the good of its future, I have now, more clearly than ever, learned that the presidency of this group is something of an anachronism and a paradox. Without in any sense submitting it as an apology or an excuse for a relatively unproductive tenure of office, I persist in my stated opinion t h a t the restrictions which now surround and confine the presidential sphere of action are not conducive t o initiative or t o progress. Perhaps that is as i t should be, for in one year of functioning, no man can

* Presented to the 92nd Annual Meeting,

A . PH.A.. Cleveland, Ohio, September 7. 1944.

hope t o do else than think of the things that should be done and then hope that someone will do them.

PRESIDENTIAL. PREROGATIVE One untrammeled prerogative, however, remains t o the president and that is his right t o prepare and deliver the annual address, therein to give further vent t o any ideas or plans which might have been the fruit of his or someone else’s mind during the period. So that I might have some idea how to compile this address, I long ago tiptoed through the archives and with proper decorum and a becoming humility read the careful addresses of at least a dozen of our presidents during the past few decades. Usually their context was of high order and caliber, but I was amazed at the fact that most of the good seeds which they had given were not planted and so never had a chance t o climb their ladders of clay t o sit in the sun and come t o harvest. Many presidential addresses, however, dealt, a t lingering leisure, with the work of committees functioning during that year of office and went into soporific details over the achievements of such committees, thus pre-empting the privilege of the respective and respectable chairmen t o tell their stories in their own way. I do not intend t o do thatl The committees of Council appointment or those appointed by the president are manned and chairmanned by competent people whose privilege it is, and whose duty it is, to speak to you and for themselves. Accordingly, I by-pass that precedent with simply a word of appreciation to the members of the

SCIENTIFIC BDITION

425

competent conductorship, get a chorus which will be harmonious and cooperatively concordant. During the past year, we have been successful in bringing a n orderly comradeship-in-arms and action between the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION and the National Association of Retail Druggists. There have been joint meetings of the proper representatives of the two groups. They have toPERENNIAL AS PUMPKINS gethered, in accord and in wisdom, and i t is conWill you remember t h at I mentioned a year ago ceivable tha t this is the beginning of something of a that anyone evaluating the personnel of the impor- return to marshalling in power and in privilege the tant agenc!es and committees in our organization forces of pharmacy. But the joint meeting of these during recent years, could not fail but be impressed two associations is not sufficient. The AMERICAN ASSOCIATIONshould have more with the fact that certain names appeared therein as PHARMACEUTICAL perennially as pumpkins and as frequently as chow- than a sentimental liaison with all the national assochow in a country Dutch diet. We must increas- ciations in the pharmaceutical field. The National ingly give the younger, the willing and the intelligent Wholesale Druggists’ Association, the Federal element in this and in correlated associations an Wholesale Druggists’ Association, the American opportunity t o learn how t o work for the common Drug Manufacturers’ Association and some ten or good, and youngsters cannot be taught to work more other national organizations should be more intimately linked with this ASSOCIATION.Merely except by working! The AMERICANPHARMACBZTTICAL ASSOCIATION having a n occasional delegate, who happens to be in has a long and honorable career in maternal fecun- town, attend a n annual banquet and be introduced dity. It has given birth over the years to a number with proper, though not always discriminating, of rather healthy and worth-while children; t o wit, applause is not sufficient. the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. IMPROVING COOPERATION the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education, This Association should find a way to bring tothe National Association Boards of Pharmacy, the Conference of State Pharmaceutical Association gether to an informal meeting, during the period of Secretaries, the American Society of Hospital its own convention, the presidents and executive Pharmacists, the College of Apothecaries, the secretaries of every national pharmaceutical assoNational Association of Retail Druggists and a great ciation in this country. This will tend to exchange many other organizations whose such origin is now ideas and further improve understanding and relaforgotten, conveniently or otherwise. Some of tionships between these various bodies. The agenda for such an informal meeting could these children have grown up and are now clear of the apron strings. Whether this analogy is fair or well be prepared by a small committee of the whole not, is debatable, but I cannot escape the conclusion appointed by the president of the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION.This undertaking, that, on many occasions, a portion of the progeny, PHARMACEUTICAL willfully or witlessly, tend to smother the mother in no wise, is to interfere with the normal and organemeritus. However, by the same token, it may be ized functioning of the National Drug Trade Conferthat the parent association has occasionally been ence. It is my belief, too, that the time is ripe for a Panunduly cantankerous, as parents can be, with children expressing their new found powers. It is just American Congress of Pharmacy, attended by not cricket to regard this ASSOCIATION of ours as the representative delegates from Canada and from all aging mother of a forceful brood who merely use the nations of the Western Hemisphere. Out of her eminent domain of respectability just for re- such a gathering could come unexpected good results and a furthering of the good neighbor policy. spectability’s sake. Too much of t h a t has been done in the past but it This Association is the logical extender of such a may be a compliment t o us t h at no project in plan and I trust that such may be arranged. American pharmacy seems worth while unless MEDICAL-PHARMACEUTICAL RELATIONS through some mechanism or another the seal of this

several committees of the ASSOCIATION. I pledged myself upon entering office that I would make some changes in certain committees in my jurisdiction. I did, and I still persist in the belief that we should c o n tid e to give articulate treatment to the business of infusing new young and stimulating blood into the committees. composition of ASSOCIATION

ASSOCIATION is attached t o that particular program. I do not know whether this periodic and continuous ramifying, this multiplying of pharmaceutical organizations has been effective or not, or whether it could or should have been avoided, but it has given weight to those who argue that there is no one voice in pharmacy-and there certainly is not! Whether this brood can ever be congregated in a dynamic family reunion is beyond my ken, but I do believe, despite the fact that we seemingly cannot get a solo performance in pharmacy, we should at least. under

It is admissible that the broad practice of pharmacy is a n important function within the health services. There is no indication on the horizon that the physician can ever function successfully without relying upon medication. There is, as yet, no millennia1 hope that the frail body of man can ever be without acute or chronic pain and disease. Accordingly, i t is not speculation but a statement of fact that there i s a challenging tomorrow for pharmaceutical service. It is my personal feeling, however, and it is born of many years of stimulating

4.26

JOURNAL O F THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

beyond income from members, needs experience in the company of co-workers in the ASSOCIATION, medical field, that there should be now and always a footloose money which can come only from trusting more cooperative, a more understanding association and fullhearted gifts. That all such moneys coming PHARMACEUTICAL between pharmacy and medicine. Pharmacy has t o the coffers of the AMERICAN will be wisely and decently spent goes been defined as the handmaiden of medicine. 'I do ASSOCIATION not know what that means. Sometimes I suspect without saying. that she has been the scrub lady, particularly where i t pleased certain elements in medicine to so designate her. PHARMACY AND THE PUBLIC There is, however, a refreshing trend to a higher evaluation of pharmacy by medicine, possibly out of The National Pharmacy Committee on Public acknowledged improvement in the cultural and pro- Information is likewise making a notable contribufessional statas of younger pharmacistr, bscanse of tion. If pharmacy has been undersold to the public, scientific developments in pharmaceutical research it has been chiefly due t o the occasional gloomy and production, and lastly, because of the b e ideals pharmacist, whose vision is so blemished with bile and functioning of the American Phumaceutid that every sunrise looks a like spllow sunset. FacAssociation. tually, there is no calling, within my ken, which There is no reason in the world why there should offers t o the alert, the prepared and inspired person not be a n understanding cooperation between the so broad an opportunity for service and adequate American Medical Association and the AMERICAN return. PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION. Both operate There is nothing wrona with phurmucy. There is a within the high tenets of professional service. T h i s great deal wrong with a few pharmacists. The ASSOCIATIONof ours is decent enough, constructive National Pharmacy Committee on Public Informaenough, useful enough to warrant a forthright tion will do well not t o harp on the so-called lack of appreciation by and the cooperation of the American esteem in which the public holds the corner drugMedical Association. store. Through dignified, accurate delineation of The American Foundation for Pharmaceutical service and of opportunities in the field, explained Education and the National Committee on Public through screen plays, radio scripts, and booklets this Information have been created for specific purposes Committee is doing a good job. I t s only hazard can and are functioning with dignity and usefulness. The be in overselling its cause and underestimating pubwork undertaken by each might well have been de- lic intelligence. veloped from within the AMERICANPEIAR~CEU-One of the quiet but insistent facts that this TICAL ASSOCIATION, but i t is t o the credit of the ASSOCIATION must believe in is that professional originators of each group that their work has been caliber is not attained through publicity and propacarried on with sagacity and meticulous care. It has ganda. and that a profession cannot be created by been a regrettable fact t h a t many people and con- resolution or become such overnight. It takes deccerns which have amassed fortunes in the field of ades for such development and these must be decpharmacy have distributed their gifts far afield from ades of self-denial, times when success by specious the profession which supplied them with their life means is scorned. blood. That the Foundation hashad the courage t o A profession distinguishes itself from a nonprogo out and seek t o remedy this condition is in itself fessional vocation by the ideals maintained by its worth while. That without despotism or regi- members, by the dignity of character which they mentation it grants these moneys where they can be bring to the performance of their duties, by the best used is a real challenge and, t o date, a real intelligent diwmination of information compiled achievement. for the good of the membership and of society, and It is sincerely hoped that pharmaceutical manufac- by the austerity of their self-imposed ethical standturers will continue to support the Foundation and ards. To constitute a true profession, there must other enterprises conducted for the good of pharm- be a continuity of ethical traditions, so potent a s to acy. In the same breath, and without reservation, bring into conformity members whose personal I give as my opinion, the statement that i t is high standards may be at a somewhat lower level and to ASSO- have, accordingly, an uplifting and ennobling effect time for the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL on those members. CIATION itself t o conduct a nation-wide campaign for money with which t o engage in a broader program of I shall never forget, nor forgive, the representative service and accomplishment. With a sensible of a large pharmaceutical house, who, in a public treasury, our staff in the headquarters building can conference, stated that his organization was not the be sensibly enlarged, and i t needs to be enlarged. least interested in the professional training of Dedicated money and dedicated men can be the pharmacists; his house, so he insisted, was intermedia for a still greater ministry for this ASSO- ested only in helping t o turn out of pharmacy colCIATION. Increased membership and increased dues leges, as many distributors as possible for their create new challenges t o service but the moneys de- highly publicized specialties. Praise be that his rived therefrom will scarcely be su5cient for all the was both a voice crying out in the wilderness as well good that this ASSOCIATION can accomplish. This as a wilderness crying out in a voice I

SCIENTIFIC EDITION

427

be undertaken to memorialize that birthday in a PUBLICATIONS OF T H E ASSOCIATION I pay my exceeding compliment to the Com- dignified and worth-while fashion. I have been mittee on Publications, chairmanned by Dr. George surprised, in searching the annals of the ASSOCIBeal and implemented by Powers, Sonnedecker and ATION, t o find so little continuity in its recorded others. We have greatly progressed with revising history, and i t is my honest belief that, in anticipathe National Formulary and Pharmaceutical tion of the aforementioned celebration, there should Recipe Book. There has been improvement in the be compiled, by an able historian, a factual and readable running history of the ASSOCIATION since journals of the ASSOCIATION. The National Formulary is conscious, as i t should its inception. It has been stated that history is a be, of that dignity which it shares with the Phanna- past-time reading, interesting only t o those who have copcria, as the deliberate weapon of our government passed the meridian of their lives and are spending in effectuating the food, drug and cosmetic laws. their waning days steeped in their own belonging Some criticism has been given recently because of memories. ,All of this is nonsense for i t is a clear the great number of proposed deletions from the fact that we cannot look forward t o our tomorrows National Formulary. I can see no alternative ex- with hope of accomplishment unless we know our cept to make such deletions, in the light of m0pa-n yesterdays with love and with understanding. pharmacological knowledge and because of the legal aspect of the book. But I can see a very dewite ORGANIZATION OF T H E A. PH. A. reason for finding for such deletions an authoritative I offer no criticism whatever of the basic structure resting spot. Thrown out of the United States of the organization, b u t I do know that its effectivePharmacopceiP, refugeed by the National Formu- ness would be greater if it were more adequately lary for a time, many of these drug castoffs still bave understood. I n no single manual or booklet could wide use; yet, under our present setup, once they are an interested inquirer find the clear picture of our out of the official books, they are therapeutic mon- complete organization. I often wonder whether, grels. by and large, the House of Delegates and other One suggeftion has been t o include them-drug integral organizations completely appreciate and simples, chemicals and prepPrations-in the Pharma- exercise all the authority imposed in them by our ceutical Recipe Book. I am not so certain that that scheme of organization. Perhaps all of us need is the solution t o the problem. The Recipe Book, some means of educating us not only t o our responsiwith its mayonnaisy name, in spite of its usefulness bilities in the ASSOCIATIONbut also t o our rights and and goodness in spots, is not t h e proper receptacle authorities. for these effective or ineffective therapeutic agents. I would be i n favor of a n unofficial book, sponsored PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION by this ASSOCIATION, altogether dedicated to theraThe ASSOCIATIONhas long since delegated its peutic agents and formulations, and not including any industrial or technical formulas, and paralleling responsibilities in this connection (although it was to some extent the British Codex. I would suggest one of the fist premises for its incorporation in for the title something certainly more dignified 1852) t o the American Association of Colleges of than the Recipe Book, which might be discontinued Pharmacy and t o the American Council on Pharmaand its place occupied by the aforementioned com- ceutical Education. It would be presumptuous on pendium and another authoritative and useful book my part, accordingly, to do else than give passing of technical and industrial formulas. There is no comment on matters relating t o pharmaceutical reason in the world why the AMERICANPHAXMA-education, but I am certain t h a t I shall not be excEuiIcAL ASSOCIATION could not add t o its service ceeding my rights with making this statement. Under the tension of war, honest educators and and to its income by branching out in the aforemensome others more hurried and harried than honest, tioned directions. I have refrained from mentioning certain unfortu- have accepted with alacrity the “get it over with as nate though perhaps understandable misunder- quickly as you can” program of preparing youth for standings in policy and practice between those re- the tasks of tomorrow and, worse still, many of them sponsible for revising the Pharmacopoeia and the even champion the accelerated quantitative regiNational Formulary. These things should not recur mentation of education as a peacetime procedure if the well-meaning and responsible parties on both for all time t o come. These people variably advosides compare notes more frequently and assess cate that wewhittle the leisurely four-year course to themselves with more broad-mindedness and will- three, two or even a single year. “Throw out the ingness t o work together. I am happy t o report futilities and stick t o the utilities” is the burden of that much progress has recently been made in this their song, but it is my personal conviction that direction. and I am bold enough t o believe that such an educational program can never endure in our field or in any other field and produce anything like common sense will insure further progress. that kind of a n enlightened citizenry which the SHOULD PUBLISH A. PH. A. HISTORY Atlantic Charter world will need. For the life of me A few years hence, this ASSOCIATION will celebrate I fail t o find a philosophy in yearning for immorits century of useful existence and plans should now tality when we do not even know how to spend the

428

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

That rings the bell with me, as it should with every citizen jealous of the American tradition, eager to uphold initiative and enterprise, and firm in the conviction that government has no business in business! I wonder whether one of the most recent utterances of that great and practical American Doctor of Economics, Mr. Bernard M. Baruch, might not be a most fitting quotation for insertion at this point. Thus spoke Baruch in a recent statement given t o a Philadelphia newspaper : “Surely it must be manifest to all Americans that if at the end of the war, we are to place America on the high road to prosperity we must get Government PHARMACY UNDER CHANGING HEALTH out of business and give business a free, unhampered PLANS hand.” “Simple, sound, and sensible” was the newsThe Wagner-Murray-Dingell Bill is apparently shelved. Yet, it is more possible than probable that paper’s comment on Mr. Baruch’s report. Thomas Alva Edison discovered electric light in sometime in the near future, and particularly if the current agony in Washington continues, that more ways than one and there is illumination, power, out of the goods on the shelf, a new over-all politi- and perpetual currency in this quotation from his writings: cally controlled health service will be fashioned. “There is far more danger in public monopoly I am thoroughly convinced that the old order, in than there is in private monopoly for when the the fields of medical and pharmaceutical practice, is yielding place to new. Group practice is here to government goes into business, it can always shift stay and the American citizen, a decade hence, will its losses t o the taxpayers. The government never just as sensibly and willingly pay health insurance really goes into business for it never makes ends meet and that is the first requisite of business. I t as he now pays insurance on his automobile. The great clinics, the hospitals, the great drug just mixes a little business with a lot of politics and manufacturing concerns are definite evidences of the no one ever gets a chance to find out what is actually going on,”-and so another Edisonian gift to posterity. fruitfulness of the modern concept of group practice. That most famous sign painter and aphorist of They are here to increase and to expand. That modern history, Winston Churchill, who can comtheir further development will affect all phases of medical and pharmaceutical practice is as certain a s press bundles of thought into a terse and pointed death and taxes. On the other hand, let me observe phraseology, states, “We must beware of trying to that medical and pharmaceutical progress, thus far, build a society in which nobody counts for anything has resulted from free initiative, free enterprise and a except a politician or official; a society where enterprise gains no reward and thrift no privileges.” minimum of political interference and dominance. Each of us must do our militant sensible share to Our national health statistics today pay their arithmetical compliment to our past performance in avoid national politics which seek their furtherance this field. Americans now live longer and more by coddling and spoiling our citizens. comfortably than ever a people did before and As a good Presbyterian, I humbly and without death is getting more objectionable than ever it implied sacrilege, note that the Lord’s Prayer might was. Yet, let us not be smug and “holier than be strengthened if, instead of asking “Give us this thou.” The health professions must determine how day our daily bread,” we amend it with supplicating their services to the people can and shall be im- “Give us this day strength t o earn our daily bread.” proved, and no one believes that any service in our And now after indulging in such generalities, may complex society is so good that it cannot show im- I ask your thinking with me over some definite provement. There are people in America who are trends in our own particular field, keeping a vigilant not receiving adequate medical care! These people eye over them, opposing those which tend to public hurt, and furthering those that show promise for as well as those in better social station are gradually being sold from within and from without the health public good. professions that an over-all health insurance can be One of the definite trends in the public health provided and should be provided. But they should program is its intensification in coverage until be given a practical plan of such insurance that what we used to know as public charity has become definitely conserves private enterprise and keeps public benefaction. For decades some federal, government where it belongs. The National state and local governments have been providing Physicians Committee, in November 1943, adopted needed medicines to needy people. When carefully a series of resolutions, and I quote from Section E: restricted, none of us can criticize such care of the “Encourage and provide state or local financial aid indigent few. However, since coddling has become rather than Federal subsidies t o insure medical care the most reliable political charm, the ranks of the for the indigent.” coddled are rapidly expanding.

coin of leisure wisely nor invest a Sunday afternoon in the serenity of quiet contemplation. Acceleration was a necessary wartime adjustment. But in peacetime we must educate our people for work and for leisure too. And that cannot be done in a hurry. How can anyone support a n accelerated education in a world a t peace who closely examines the impact of such a program on the field of economics, let alone its hurtful impact on the individual? I sincerely hope that pharmaceutical education, in spite of the so-called and alleged shortage of pharmacists, will not be hurried nor altered in essence merely in order t o produce grist for the mill.

SCIENTIFIC EDITION For many years, many state and local governments have furnished free sera, vaccines and antitoxins t o citizens certified as being unable to pay for them. Pennsylvania, among the states, and New York City, among the municipalities, have adopted such a program. Gradually, other important drugs are being added t o the list; such as the antivenereal drugs, ophthalmic silver compounds, insulin and the sulfonamides. In peace or war, venereal disease control is a public health program of such nature that one scarcely can lift a voice against an over-all state controlled program. We almost have to admit that as a public health measure, there should be compulsory treatment, with free treatment and free drugs to all persons afllicted irrespective of their economic status. It is more than likely that the use of penicillin in these directions will intensify this program. I n Iowa, state-wide free distribution of this drug for venereal disease eradication is already under way, and in many other states, counties and cities kindred plans are being evolved.

CHALLENGE T O PRESENT SYSTEM I note these things only to emphasize a trend which should be carefully watched. I n Australia, already the so-called Free Society Dispensaries are seeking amendments of state legislation to enable dispensaries t o trade openly with the public. The editor of the Australasian Journal of Pharmacy sounds the warning in this fashion: “To us it seems certain that if the dispensaries are successful in their campaign, pharmacy will be threatened with an era of competition by privileged state-aided organizations, which will have dire consequences upon the profession and the public because of the unavoidable lowering of standards both professional and economic which are likely t o follow.” At home, we find another challenge to free enterprise and to our economic and thoroughly satisfactory system of distribution. Various industrial enterprises are supplying at or without cost t o all their workers certain vitamin concentrates and preparations. A natural extension of this plan has been t o allow such workers the same privilege for the treatment of the rest of their families. Sponsored by the Committee on Foods and Nutrition of the National Research Council, such plans are already in operation in the heavy metal and aircraft industries, such as California’s Lockheed. on the basis of claimed value in expanded industrial production. Obviously, this is but a step t o the general industrial distribution of many or all drugs and on an even larger scale. DRUG DISTRIBUTION BY GOVERNMENT The intervention of government in the distribution of drugs under the wartime program has taken another turn which may indicate a trend deeply affecting the future of all branches of pharmacy. Early in 1944, when a limited supply of penicillin was first made available for civilian use, a Federal

429

office was established with medical, consumer and industrial approval to allocate this material through a limited number of “depot hospitals.” Possibly no other approach to the problem could have been adopted under the circumstances, and there has been scant criticism of the equitable manner in which this distribution has been administered. Nevertheless. this program. by its very success, may be the forerunner of future handling of other new drugs. It limits supply, ignores consumer preference, disregards normal co-important channels of wholesale and retail distribution and prevents the healthy d e c t of free competition among manufacturers. Although approved, at present, by most people, such an interference in the normal distribution system of a free democratic economy, should cause pharmacy to pause to examine its position and the implications of this new technique. At present, the American Red Ckoss collects, and the Navy Department controls the processing of blood plasma intended for further processing into serum albumen. From the same origin come many new and important fractions such as measles-immunizing gamma globulin, fibrin preparations and others. It has been recently announced that the surplus of gamma globulin would be distributed without charge t o the consumer under American Red Cross supervision through and at the expense of state and local health departments. I certainly do not wish to be intentionally jaundiced in my forecasting, for, after all, the changes which can come into our practices just as soon as tension of war is released are altogether unpredictable. But in the Same connection, I do note another sinuous and developing trend. It has t o do with the entry of federal, state and local governments into the manufacture of medicaments for such public distribution. To keep such a program to its level limits poses a real problem. The inclusion of drugs as a free service under the rapidly expanding plans for private, group and industrial hospitalization also forecasts a serious future problem for pharmacy.

DANGER OF CHRONIC INERTIA Ten million men and women are receiving both medical care and medical supplies in the armed forces. I wonder if they will not expect and demand an extension of such care when they return t o civil life. I give it as my earnest opinion that we shall have to be forever watchful against the continued coddling of our people. It can lead only t o chronic inertia. That pharmacy of a kind will persist in spite of any changes which may come is a certainty, but I am more concerned with preserving for our citizenry, self-reliance, initiative and enterprise. I n Great Britain, ever since a young Welshman of humble origin championed the cause of the poor, a kind of socialized medicine has been operative. Out of the inferno of war has recently sublimed, if that is the proper word t o use, a n augmentation of the

430

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

Lloyd George and other poultices for the poor, the so-called Beveridge plan, which is even bolder in its proposed reforms than any that has appeared in America. BRITISH HEALTH PROGRAM

In order to get a first-hand report on the present status of government sponsored health programs, a s d e c t i n g and perhaps afflicting pharmacy, I have been in communication with Mr. Hugh Linstead, secretary of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, and I am glad to read to you now excerpts from his answer. Personally I have been surprised at the answer, but I give it for what it is worth and so as to get another side of a very complicated picture. Here are quotations from his letter: “We here have been accustomed to a state medical service for about half the population since 1911 and can perhaps assist in assessing the advantages and the diladvantages from our experience. From the point of view of the pub* lic, the chief disadvantage of the present system (National Health Insurance) is that its scqpe is severely limited. It applies only to insured persons (employed workers with a salary limit of €420 per annum) but not t o their dependents. It is also a limited service in the sense that the benefits do not cover any and every form of medical treatment. Domiciliary treatment is adequate, including free visits and free medicines, but institutional and specialist treatment is dependent to some extent upon the facilities offered by the particular Friendly Society t o which the insured person belongs. “The proposal made in the report of Sir William Beveridge-a proposal accepted in principle by the government and embodied in the recently published White Paper-is that the scheme shall be made universal so that it covers every citizen for every medical or surgical service. From the pharmaceutical point of view there are five headings under which I might offer comments :

“1.

Thc effect of the service upon thc public demand for proprietary medicines and specialties of i n d i d u a l pharmacists: Since the introduction of the Insurance Act the sale of medicines outside the Act has increased the public interest in medicines with the result that more are being taken than previously. There is certainly no evidence that the state scheme has curtailed other pharmaceutical business. “2. The effect on the numbers of prescriptions: The introduction of the National Health Insurance scheme has meant a very large increase in the amount of dispensing undertaken by pharmacists. On the whole the scheme has had the &cct of substantially increasing the general standard of pharmaceutical practice over the country, although a limited number of pharmacies of the highest class have had t o adapt them-

selves t o lower standards, e. g., in the matter of ‘finish.’ “3. Remuneration: The remuneration is still not satisfactory. It is based on the assumption that the state business can be carried on the back of the ordinary business, but the dispensing fee in particular (which for most items is 5d per prescription) is far too low for the proper remuneration of a pharmacist. I am hoping that it may be possible in the negotiations which will have to be undertaken before the new arrangements are made, t o establish the principle of payment for pharmaceutical service based on the actuarial cost of providing the state service and not on the basis that it is simply something to’be conveniently added to existing business. “4. Pharmaceutical supervision: Experience has shown that it is essential that a national service should be controlled centrally and locally by pharmacists. In other words there should be a responsible pharmaceutical department a t the center and local committees for discipline, etc., throughout the country. ‘If the service passes into direct control of nonpharmaceutical officials much of its efficiency will be lost. “ 5 . General reaction of pharmacists: I would say that the great number of pharmacists think, both on national and on pharmaceutical grounds-subject t o the question of remuneration-that the National Health Insurance scheme is valuable. Very few (probably less than lye) of all the pharmacies in the country have chosen to stay outside the scheme. “I hope this gives you the general reaction you are seeking. We here shall watch the progress of events in America with great interest.” M y concluding remark upon this particular subject is that we, too, should watch this trend of events in America, nourishing the growth of good grain, and squelching the tares and the weeds. T H E RETAIL PHARMACY It is impossible for us to escape the finding that the practice of pharmacy has changed tremendously, and for the better, during the course of the past few decades. With retail pharmacy still the hub of the wheel of the calling, the spokes radiating from this hub have increased both in number and in quality and thus have given added strength and added service to this important part of the machinery of our existence. There was a time when the corner pharmacist made all his own medicines, powders, pastes, unguents and pills. Now the pharmaceutical factory makes them-tons at a time, and carefully, accurately and cleanly, with the latest and best scientific production methods and control facilities. Once upon a time, the corner pharmacist prepared not only the prescription, but also every ingredient in the prescription. But now, more than often, he

SCIENTIFIC EDITION takes standardized ingredients made elsewhere and combines them with skill into the prescription which enters the sickroom, and, mind you, he is equally responsible with the physician for the safety of that prescription.

TINSELLED DRUGSTORES However, since this natural tendency in the practice of pharmacy turned much of the practitioner’s duties into other hands; namely, into large-scale manufacture, the corner pharmacist had t o search for other outlets for his energy and for his service, to say nothing of the return upon his investment in education and in equipment. And so, he had t o build around his professional work a supporting merchandising program. H e had t o do this in order t o be able t o continue serving the public as the safe and legal handler of medicines. Of course, we do see establishments t h a t have tinselled their performance in such a way that they no longer look like pharmacies, but more like notion shops. B u t the real pharmacy of today is not represented by blatant, price-cutting, cheap notion and novelty shops, masquerading as pharmacies, but rather those dignified and honest neighborhood drugstores whose reputation has been established through loyal, helpful service in every American community. More than ever in the history of the nation has the corner pharmacy, during these war years, indicated its importance, for the intensity of our war effort has also intensified the demands upon pharmaceutical service there as well as in all aspects and avenues of the calling. The war has taught many a pharmacist that the tinsel in his establishment was not so profitable as he thought it was, and t h a t strictly pharmaceutical pursuits yield better returns in money and in satisfaction. Accurate data are not available as to the extent of prescription compounding for 1943. Hoxever, based upon a survey of sample or aliquot portions of our country, enlivened with a dash of enthusiasm, the number of prescriptions compounded in retail pharmacies during 1943, t o say nothing of hospitals, is estimated t o be somewhere in the neighborhood of 250,000,000. That alone is proof of the healthy structure and service of retail pharmacy. Assuming that there are around 45,000 pharmacies operating in this country and averaging this output of prescriptions, the result certainly speaks well for the part played by the corner pharmacy in keeping the American public healthy during a most strenuous time. May I note, too, the great service rendered by the major guardian of public health, the profession of medicine. In normal times, well over 160,000 physicians keep vigil over the health of Uncle Sam’s 130,000,000 nephews and nieces. But today we find t h a t about one-third of this number of physicians or well over 55,000 are serving our armed forces and serving them well. No armed group anywhere in the world receives such adequate attention and

431

thus do we pay our resolute and understanding compliment to the profession of medicine for its great achievements in such directions. Yet, these figures call for an odd contemplation. I recently heard an outstanding exponent of organized medicine tell his audience that the health of the American nation was never better; and, yet, actually we, 120,000,000civilians, have only the ministry of two-thirds of the-normal complement of our physicians. Is it too hefty a stretch of the imagination to believe that, if it be true that the health of the nation is better, that one reason therefore may be in the improvement of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical service? Is it possible that more prescription writing for more specific and standardizetl drugs is an important factor in conserving public health? If that be the case, the Lord prosper and increase manyfold the intelligent prescription writing and the intelligent and honest prescription compounding. In this connection, we salute Dr. Kretchsmer. president of the American Medical Association, for his forthright attitude toward prescription writing and for his plea for a clearer teaching in the medical ’ colleges of drugs and their application.

RESEARCH IN PHARMACY Research is a doing word not a talking word; yet, as I contemplate the over-all contributions of pharmacytopublic welfare through theapplications of the products of research, i t affords me a great deal of satisfaction t o review the contributions of pharmaceutical researchers to human welfare. It is a fact that long before the textile trades, the metallurgical industries and many other key industries in our present day civilization had thought of conducting a bold program of research, manufacturing pharmacy had done so. I believe t h a t i t is on record that Parke, Davis & Company of Detroit had a research department, and an active one, operating on its own behalf as far back as 1880. Today, no large manufacturing house is without a research division dedicated t o both pure and applied research. Said Pasteur: “Take interest, I implore you, in those sacred dwellings, which are designated by the expressive term ‘laboratories.’ Demand that they be multiplied, t h a t they be adorned; these are the temples of the future-temples of wellbeing and of happiness. And there i t is t h a t humanity grows greater, stronger, better.” The pharmaceutical industry has well reckoned with this beautiful and challenging admonition. Every time I meet someone who,only thinks of pharmacy in terms of the sandwich counter and the pinball machine, I find my solace in remembering not only the decent and worth-while corner pharmacist carefully catering t o the many health needs of the American community but also with recalling my visits t o the “temples of the future,” the marvelous research divisions of the great American pharmaceutical houses.

432

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN. PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

PHARMACY’S WAR SERVICE A bulgy, bulky and balky major, sitting in judgment behind a barricaded desk in Washington some time ago, asked me to explain my statement that pharmacy was making this war less horrible. I asked him if he had heard of the aftermath of Salerno and other beachheads and the sharply lessened number of casualties resulting because the injured recovered so quickly. His answer was that the doctors and surgeons were on the job, with which, I, of course, found agreement-BUT, what he had failed t o recognize was that it was blood plasma, the sulfonamides, the anesthetics, penicillin, etc., which had revolutionized the treatment of injuries and achieved the remarkable results alluded to. And the research and production departments of our American pharmaceutical laboratories had developed and supplied these vital drugs-mpplied them in prodigious quantities, and with every unit made dependable through assiduous and accurate control. And I should like every pharmacist, every dentist, every nurse and every physician and, indeed. every citizen to have a chance to visit the research departments of t h e American pharmaceutical houses-to see the workers in action, to feel the purpose of these fine establishments, and know the good that is being accomplished. In presenting an award to one of our leading pharmaceutical houses, General Morgan, representing the Army. paid this grand tribute t o American pharmacy. “Your place on the production front is a highly specialized one. You have not produced the tanks, planes, ships, guns, ammunition or other implements of warfare, but you have produced the materials which keep men healthy and strong in order that they may more effectively man the tanks, planes, and ships, and use the guns and ammunitions. Your mission has not been that of providing the things with which men fight, but of providing the essential drugs, biologicals and chemicals t o keep our men fit to fight and t o restore those who have fallen in the battle. The pioneer work of this industry in developing the methods and equipment necessary for the production of dried human blood plasma is one of the outstanding contributions of biological manufacturing and has already saved the lives of many soldiers, sailors, and marines. The importance of this contribution can hardly be exaggerated. You have developed methods and equipment which are used by the other biological houses and you have actually made, in your own plants here, a large percentage of the plasma and other biological products, drugs and chemicals required by the armed forces. Pioneers and producers, you have been indispensable providers for the fighting men of the United States.” And the General’s vivid description of this phase of

war where science shows her clean white hand, is forthright and accurate. POSTWAR PROBLEMS For some time a responsible committee has inquired into the predictable problems facing pharmacy when the war is ended. This group presents its own findings during this session and I should be presumptive, indeed, to venture my own reactions a t this time. Somewhere I read that the postwar planning should be turned over t o the returned service men who would more than likely write a postwar plan for the postwar planners. Elsewhere, a soldier correspondent insists that, when he has completed his fighting task, he intends to go home and stay there minding his own business for the rest of his life, and in that way, hope t o set a n example for the entire nation. There may be more substance than fluff in that statement. MEMBERSHIP Mr. Bohrer, assistant t o the secretary of the has done a commendable job in inASSOCIATION, creasing and analyzing our membership during the past year. To this end he has been greatly assisted by Dean Little, who has enthusiastically augmented the membership of the student branches under very difficult circumstances; yet, only the surface has been scratched. I n spite of its history and in spite of its caliber and PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIAdignity, the AMERICAN TION is without impress in certain channels, particularly in Washington where numerology is held in such high estimate. This is so because our actual membership is insignificant compared t o the number of practitioners in the field. Seemingly, it has been the honest viewpoint of influential members of this ASSOCIATION that its work can be best effected, its traditions best preserved, and its dignity best conserved through a small intelligent membership. I do not agree with that honest viewpoint. I am not so certain, if we carefully examine the present membership of the ASSOCIATION, that i t would represent any better cross section of pharmacy than it would if every pharmacist, be he retailer, wholesaler, laboratory man, teacher, hospital pharmacist and every other member of the profession were also members of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION. Nor do I agree with the contentions of some critics PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION that the AMERICAN is highbrow and snooty. Such critics at once devaluate themselves. The fact is that the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION is unique in being altruistic and non-profit making, but i t can continue as such even with a wide membership.

STRENGTHENING THE A. PH. A. From its present limited and limiting membership of a few thousand, there is no reason in the world why it could not acquire the momentum and usefulness which would come to it were the membership thirty or forty or fifty thousand. One good step in

SCIENTIFIC EDITION

’

433

RECOMMENDATIONS that direction has been the affiliation of members of state associations with this parent body. Every And now, I respectfully submit for the considerasuch affiliate member receives each month, in addi- tion of the convention, through its normal channels, tion t o the multifarious services of the ASSOCIATION, the following recommendations: a copy of the Practical Pharmacy Edition of the JOURNAL. That is a splendid service rendered by 1. That the Committee on Publications be this ASSOCIATION, for the JOURNAL is sensibly and directed t o proceed t o assemble and print an usefully compiled. But that does not bring t o the authentic history of this ASSOCIATION from its inASSOCIATION the force t h a t complete membership ception t o its 100th birthday, the work to be undercould bring. The Committee on Membership is taken by one or more persons competent t o interpret giving careful attention t o this matter of increasing this history in painstaking detail, blessed with through an enlarge- readability. the service of the ASSOCIATION ment in membership. I hope i t can be done not in a 2. T h a t the Council be directed t o compile and sporadic, fulminating fashion but in a way that will print a n understandable, complete manual of the bring enduring results. organization and structure of the AMERICAN PEUUSACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION t o serve as a guide t o new members as well as to those currently unconRETIREMENT OF DR. E. F. KELLY scious of the inherent plan and procedures of the At the proper time, the Council will present a ASSOCIATION and who are accordingly not informed report on this issue. Dr. Kelly, after a long period of their responsibilities and rights in the operations of dedication t o this ASSOCIATION, and one of fruitful of the body. dedication, has given his resignation to the ASSOCIA3. That the Committee on Publications be TION effective on or before the date of the 1945 condirected t o study the possibility of eliminating the vention and he has asked that a successor be named. Pharmaceutical Recipe Book as such, instituting in During the year of my presidency, I naturally its place two separate publications-one to be disgained a more intimate knowledge of Dr. Kelly’s tinctly a book of therapeutic agents and formulainfluence, technique, personality and philosophy. tions done in a dignified fashion and lending the He has guided the ASSOCIATION well during a period authority of t h e ASSOCIATION t o every monograph of flux, leading t o progress. His sanity, the quaint within its pages, the other t o be a modern compilagentlemanliness of his approach t o all problems, his tion of technical and industrial formulas of practical sportingness, his intelligence, his integrity, all im- use t o the pharmacist. pressed me tremendously; and I have sat at his 4. That forthright consideration be given by the feet with beneiit t o my mind and soul. His resigna- ASSOCIATION, through its Council, to the end that tion is a great sadness to us; yet, his decision re- the membership of the ASSOCIATION be increased in minds us of his assiduous service to the ASSOCIATION, conformity with the proposed revised Constitution and he has a clear entitlement to the practical bene- and Bylaws so as t o afford i t greater opportunity to diction of this ASSOCIATION.No man in its entire speak broadly, authoritatively and acceptably for history has left so significant and worth-while an pharmacy. impress upon the record. That he will remain on 5. That the Council of the ASSOCIATION be the sidelines, a counselor and a devoted friend are dfrected t o give consideration t o making a subnot matters of conjecture; we know that he will. stantial increase in ASSOCIATION membership dues It has been given t o a responsible group of active recognizing therein and thereby a greater challenge members in this ASSOCIATION t o look for someone to and a greater opportunity for extending the practical fill the post of secretary. That this group is giving services of the ASSOCIATION (and realistically recoghonest, intelligent, over-all application to this nizing the fact that the alleged and expected prosassignment is certain, and I feel very confident that perity of the next quintade warrants such action). the new secretary will be a man of high caliber. 6. That the Council be directed t o give considerASSOCIATION, t o a ation t o the early inauguration and thorough exThe AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL great extent, entrusts the interpretation and integra- ploitation of a national campaign for funds wheretion of its ideas, ideals and operation t o its secretary; with to provide means for extending the services of obviously then, we must have i n that post a man the ASSOCIATION. who can earn and keep trust, a man who under7. That a special committee of the Council be stands the solemnity of his undertaking and a man appointed t o develop a plan whereby this ASSOCIAwho knows the ways of all of us, fully, t o lead us t o TION finds means t o assemble during the period of realms of greater glory. its annual convention the presidents and executive Kipling sings this song and Dr. Kelly can com- secretaries of all the national pharmaceutical organifortably reflect over its fine implication: zations, not just t o inaugurate another formal organization but for the purpose of exchanging ideas After me comcth a builder; and so to develop a friendly, useful fusion of all Tell him I too have known. elements in pharmacy. Hence the care with which the ASSOCIATION is 8. That the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL AssoCIATION initiate and bring to fruition a Pan-Amerimoving in the selection of Dr. Kelly’s successor.

434

JOURNAL OF THE

AMF.RICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

gence, with dignity and with results. I record my particular thanks t o our good secretary, Dr. Kelly, whose loyalty t o the cause is his practical religion, and to Dr. Fischelis, who as chairman of the Council, has been in all ways a reliance and a comfort. Indeed, one of the features which augurs well for the tomorrow of our ASSOCIATIONis the fact that it earns entitlement t o devotion as exemplied by those fine men and women who are and have been in its constructive program. The year continues to find the world in convulMay I , in conclusion, render thanks; firstly, for sions, a world tormenting itself with thorns when the honor represented in your having tendered to roses and all they stand for are so easy to have for me the presidential office. Ineffective though my every hand and every heart. But I have a feeling year of ministry might have been, I draw, perhaps that the hour of roses is not far off, when the blueselfishly, a great deal of satisfaction with knowing birds will fly again the skyways that now only know that I now belong in the archives of the ASSOCIATION dealers in death and destruction; when reason will and my humble name is added to the illustrious ros- return once more t o a world made mad by a motley ter of those leaders who carried the burdens of their mass of maniacs; when shepherds will watch their day and age in the work of this great organization peaceful flocks again and little children sleep tight and in the service of the profession of pharmacy. I and snug the whole night through. sense the comradeship of this grand and noble comGod grant us the clear mind and clean heart so that unified in our humble corner of the vineyard of pany. Secondly, I give my thanks t o those unselfish men science, we shall continue t o serve with a sturdy who continue to serve the ASSOCIATION with dili- vigor and with abundant satisfaction.

can Congress of Pharmacy which shall include proper representation from Canada as well as from the South and Central American countries; the Congress to be held at the headquarters building of the A. PR. A. The purpose of this Congress shall be to exchange ideas on a forthright, mutual basis, to improve pharmaceutical service, and further t o cement ties between the nations of the Western Hemisphere.

. . . .

Medicine and Pharmacy in the Postwar World" By Morris Fishbein** As I heard the brilliant address of your President, Ivor Griffith, I realized that he had spent much time, thought and energy on the work of your organization and its relationships t o American medicine and to the United States Government, as it was and as it is and as i t may be. It would be futile for me t o attempt prophecy or to explain the developments of the future in American medicine or American pharmacy, in any way comparable to the intimate detail with which he has set forth his views.

FEAR OF COMMUNISM UNFOUNDED I will not even assume to speak with the certainty of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, which said this morning that another four years of the present Administration would result in a totalitarian communistic government. I rather doubt that! I rather doubt that the American people, now or in the future, will permit either a totalitarian or a communistic state, regardless of who is President of the United States. I have always believed in the common sense of the American people and in their understanding of the history of their nation.

* Presented to the 92nd Annual Meeting, A. PH. A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 7, 1944. ** Editor, Journal of the Americen Medical Association.

We in the medical profession, in our desire to learn the thoughts of the American physicians who have gone abroad with the armed forces, some fiftyfive t o sixty thousand of them altogether, have sent to every doctor in the armed forces a questionnaire asking him exactly what he wanted when he came home. I can assure you, merely reporting the results of a questionnaire already returned in a sufficient number of thousands to permit judgment, that the results indicate indubitably that American physicians will have no part of a socialized or communistic medical profession. And that includes the men in the armed forces, the men of whom it has been said, by many prophets of one kind or another, that when they come home they will tell us what the future of America is going to be. These physicians, trained in the tradition of American medical science, these men who are today giving their all for America, have themselves determined that there shall be no socialized medicine, in the sense of the communistic medicine of Russia, in this country. Yet I would be the last to deny that there are changes and that these changes are considerable. I would not be so certain, as is your President, of the exact character of the group medicine that is going t o prevail in the United States. I am afraid he believes too much of what he reads in certain papers and magazines. A man renowned

,

SCIENTIFIC EDITION

.hinistheday,history of medicine said to the physicians of “Study well the trend of the disease and see whether it be upward toward health and recovery, or downward toward death, and if it be upward toward health and recovery the physician shall not interfere, but if it be downward toward death, then shall the physician interfere and do his utmost to change the trend.” When there is a trend unfavorable t o the health of the American people, whenever there has been a trend against the advancement of medical science, whenever there has been a trend to depreciate the freedom and the initiative of the American people, that was the time for the physician to step in and change the trend. If we did not believe that it would be possible to change an unfavorable trend, then we would need no medical profession and we would need no pharmaceutical profession, either auxiliary or “handmaidenish.” We would need nothing a t all but the undertakers, who would gather up the corpse a t the end and deposit him in a suitable place. The trend of American medicine and the trend of pharmacy are upward.

MEDICAL SERVICE IN WARTIME W h o do you think wrote the two hundred fifty million prescriptions that the pharmacists filled? I hope they were not writing them themselves, although it has been said that on occasion they have done so. No doubt they were written by the one hundred thousand physicians, who remain a t home to care for the civilian population, every one of them working without regard to hours of labor, everyone of them working without regard to his own health, because the one unfavorable trend in the death rate during the war years of which I have deiinite knowledge is the increased death rate of physicians. That can be traced to the extreme stresses and strains placed on the medical profession in this time of unusual need and endeavor. I would like to thiik that it had been placed largely also on the pharmaceutical profession. Too often in my own neighborhood pharmacies closed a t too early an hour, and entirely on every possible holiday, during the last few years. I have an idea that it would be a great thing for the nation if all of the professions auxiliary to medicine would have felt their obligation equally with that of the medical profession during this period of war. I have had occasion to point out also to the nursing profession and to several other auxiliary professions, that they were too earnest in wartime to perpetuate the gains they made in peacetime, to thiik that the nation would look on them with unmitigated love in the postwar period. The love of the people must be earned.

TRENDS IN AMERICAN MEDICINE We in American medicine do see certain trends, and we see them in changes that have already occurred. During this period of increasing health of the American people, more people have entered hospitals than ever before in the history of the na-

435

tion. The health of the nation is better, and yet fifteen million people entered hospitals last year, in contrast to thirteen and a half million people the year before. Yet the health of the natiop is better. . Why? They entered hospitals because their economic condition was better. It is impossible to separate the economic condition of the people as a whole from the amount of service that can be rendered by the medical and the pharmaceutical and every other profession that renders service. All professions of service increirse their services in times of economic stability and economic profuseness, such as we have had during the war years. Now if we have, in the period following the war, a period of economic stringency, we will see changes take place from the conditions that now exist. If we have a depression in this nation, we are likely to see the government enter more and more into the practice of medicine, more and more into the practice of pharmacy, more and more into the practice of every professional service, because these are services which the people must have. If they do not have the funds they will get the services willy-nilly. The Government would have to see that the people were provided with the services. If we should have a government to which we could show that the people were economically able to meet the cost of their medical services, if we had established, by the time when the economic stringency came upon us, a system whereby the people were protected against the hazards of economic stringency, very likely the government would not h d it desirable to enter on a new field of such importance. At the present time large insurance companies of the nation, such companies as the Equitable, the Metropolitan, the Aetna, the Travelers, and all the other great insurance companies whdse names are known so well to all of you, have insured against the costs of illness and against the costs of pharmacy, and against the cost of surgery, and against the cost of obstetrics, if you want to enumerate the specialties. They have today insured about 20,000,000 workers. A total of 18,000 industries are covered by private insurance, with the Equitable Company having a t the present time about 2300 industries and the Metropolitan about 2100 industries; the Equitable about 1,675,000 workers insured against all the costs of illness by cooperative arrangements between the industrp and the workers, with the workers’ consent. Eric Johnston said, in an address day before yesterday, that that represented to him the highest type of exercise of the American plan of private initiative and private responsibility. He said that we could point with pride to the fact that the American workers were looking after their own security. I would hope to see the time when every American worker would realiie and when every American employer might realiie that the responsibility for this kind of insuranc-d, please, Dr. Griffith, call it sickness insurance and not health insurance. We have the finest public health service, in the United

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN PHARMAIXUTICAL ASSOCIATION

States Public Health Service, that prevails anywhere. We have the finest state health departments to be found in any nation anywhere in the world, if you consider provincial and state health departments. We have many municipal health departments that operate with an efficiency and with a lavishness that is the amazement of every representative of public health services who comes to us from foreign nations, but we do not have, unfortunately, in about half the counties of tHe United States, a health official of any kind. What we need for health insurance is a gradual extension of our public health services, of the type to which public health departments are well used. I do not mean that they should furnish serums or vaccines, or that they should furnish any of those services which are furnished under proper economic conditions by the medical profession and the pharmaceutical profession under the American plan. I feel that the services of our public health agencies are in the field of public health, dealing with people in the mass and not dealing with the individual. The individual bears his own responsibility in a democracy. T o the extent to which we deprive the individua1.of bearing his own responsibility for the intimate functions of his life, that much sooner do we move toward the totalitarian, communistic government, that the Cleveland Phin Dealer so definitely predicts. I believe t h a t we here in America are working out an American plan. I need not tell you of the great advances that have been made in medical education. I need not tell you of the tremendous advances that have been made in pharmaceutical education. If, under the aegis of our government, or if under any other type of outside stimulus, there should be lowering of the standards of medical and pharmaceutical education, speeding and accelerating the medical and pharmaceutical curriculums t o the point where they gave an inadequate education, turning our vast numbers of incompetent men to render incompetent service, that would be definitely a move toward a socialistic and communistic government. Someone would have decided that a philosophy of life in which everybody had a poor and inefficient service was much better than a philosophy of life in which those who work and accomplish receive a qualified service. If you believe that the government exists primarily for the people, then you favor that viewpoint in which the government serves t o aid the people to advance, but if you believe that the people exist for the government-and there are people who do believe that-why, then you believe in that other plan whereby the government would control wholly and endeavor t o spread a vast amount of a poor service into every corner of the country. The standards that we have erected in medicine and in pharmacy and in all the auxiliary professions are the standards which give us today the best health rates, the most favorable death rates, the highest accomplishments in medicine that have been achieved by any nation anywhere in the world. I

include with that our longevity and our life expec-. tancy. I woyld not be so foolish as t o say that our democracy is so perfect that all of the people in the United States, all of the time, get all these benefits of which I have spoken. I know of areas that ueed great help from the Federal Government in order to go forward. I believe in giving those areas that help. I do not believe in a government that comes down and regiments those people and says to them, “Now you will be healthy or else.” I do not believe that we are going to have that kind of government. If I can be any judge whatever of trends, in the Senate and in the Congress of the United States the trend in this country at this time is definitely away from turning over the medical and dental and pharmaceutical and similar professions to government as one of the government’s activities.

ADJUSTMENT TO CIVILIAN PRACTICE We have, in the medical profession, about twenty thousand young doctors coming back, who have never been in medical practice, except in internships and residencies. You have in the pharmaceutical profession, in the Army, I suppose anywhere from five to six thousand young pharmacists who have never been in the practice of pharmacy, but who went practically directly from their colleges into the armed forces. The return of these young men offers us the greatest opportunity that we have ever had to meet the one truthful criticism that can be made of medicine and pharmacy, and that is that our distribution for purposes of rendering service t o the people could be greatly improved. Here, come home doctors and pharmacists, who will welcome the opportunity to re-establish themselves in civilian life in some new place, with suitable encouragement. In the disposal of surplus properties, in the field of medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, nursing and the auxiliary professions, the first opportunity to purchase at cost or less than cost, or by any other technique that the Surplus Administration may decide is suitable, should be given t o these young men who wish t o reestablish themselves in these professions of service. The second opportunity should be given t o the schools or medicine, the schools of pharmacy, the schools of dentistry and the schools of nursing, so that they may again take up education in these fields at the high standard that prevailed before the war, not an accelerated curriculum and not a contracted curriculum, merely a curriculum abreast of the great advance that science has made up t o this time, and that perhaps even a more speeded advance, if that is possible. And then t o the hospitals of the nation, the nonprofit hospitals, the government hospitals, the hospitals of schools and universities and colleges, all these institutions which must be prepared to render the high quality of medical service that is now possible. We found among the doctors who were returning-

SCIENTIFIC EDITION and I would recommend this to pharmacy as wellthat 86 per cent of the doctors who are coming back from the war want more education before they go back into practice. Some want three weeks. Some want three months. Some want three years. We are going to try to give them, through the American Medical Association, through the Association of American Medical Colleges, through every organization in the field of medical education, we are going to try to provide all of these young men coming home with the extra education that they want, knowing what they have lost and sacrificed by their absence in the war period. We know, with the organizations which we are now setting up, that we are going to preserve scientific pharmacy for the America of the future, unless we do, we will not have in the America of the future anything resembling the America of the past. The investigators in General Osborne’s department. which questions all the boys, the G.I.’s, the Infantry, the Air Forces, iind that most of those men have a great love for the America for which they are fighting, and they don’t want it changed too much. They weren’t so happy with what they saw in other countries. They didn’t learn much from the prisoners that they captured in these totalitarian countries to cause them to think that they want to change the America that they left so greatly as to have a wholly new America when they come back.

GROUP PRACTICE We are going to see group practice developed largely through industry. We are going to see a certain amount of group practice of the type of tJfe Mayo Clinic and the Crile Clinic and the Lahey Clinic, but that will never be a pattern for all America. That type of group practice originated in the United States first in 1887. It got a tremendous stimulus in 1912 and 1913, but it has never grown with the type of growth that marks all of those endeavors that meet a demonstrated need. There are people who say that we ought to have a Mayo Clinic a t every crossroads. All they have to do is go out and find another Dr. William and Dr. Charles Mayo to put there with them; but such men do not happen a t every crossroads. Neither does a George Crile or a Frank Lahey happen a t every crossroads. Those group practices of that type represent the apothesis, of what can be accomplished in the United States under the system of private initiative and freedom of endeavor. There are two definitions of group practice. One refers to groups of that type. The other refers to the organization of great groups of citizens who share the costs of medical service. I believe I have shown you that that type of group practice has already grown in the United States to the extent of twenty millions of people covered by private insurance, fifteen millions of people covered for hospitalization insurance by the Blue Cross Plans. That will grow, because it is, for the first time, possible to make it grow under a sound actuarial, economic system.

437

The iiisurance companies could never have developed that system until someone pioneered and discovered how it could be safely conducted. I was much pleased when the Mayor of Cleveland this evening asked me particularly as to the safeguards that surround all such systems, because he said that he would never consent to be a party of any such system until he knew that it was well safeguarded by sound actuarial calculations. That is what we have fought for these many years, so that the people might not pay for something that they would never get. We are going to advance. Look what has happened during this war period. Look what has happened to medicine and happened as well to pharmacy. Look a t the death rate among our troops from pneumonia in World War I , of 28, and in this war of 0.7. Look a t the death rate of meningitis in World War I of 17, and in this war of 3. Look at a death rate from wounds in World War I of about 7 or 8 men out of every 100, and in this war about 1.5 men out of every 100. Today I visited the Crile Hospital out here, set up by our government with 1775 wounded soldiers, some of those men only two and a half weeks away from Italy, or from Normandy, from which they were returned-two and a half weeks from the battlefield in Europe to this hospital here in Cleveland, and already on the way to recovery, already on the way to makiig themselves fit for a new -mcupation. already full of that morale and enthusiasm that characterizes the American people as a whole. You will see then why I say that the advance of medicine can never be stopped by anything that government might do. It is too fundamental to the lives of all of the people.

ADVANCES I N MEDICINE INEVITABLE Look a t the advances of the sulfonamide drugs. Look a t the new techniques or anesthesia. Look at the antibiotic agencies just beginning, gramicidin, tyrothricin and penicillin. Look at these discoveries, and you will see what I mean when I say the advance of medicine cannot be stopped. Every new discovery of that type opens up a new pathway into a dark continent. Every new discovery by some such brilliant mind opens a wide path by which lesser minds may follow. The stimulus that comes to free men in a free nation will continue, and American medicine will go forward, and organization in medicine and in pharmacy will go forward.

STRONGER ASSOCIATION DESIRABLE I would commend particularly to you one suggestion that President Griffith made, that you resurvey the multiple organizations in your field, that you realize that you have 80,000 pharmacists in the United States with 7200 of them in one organization. and with many others scattered around through a score or more of pharmaceutical organizations, each

I

438

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

of them with its own complement of officers, each group of officers shouting for themselves rather than one great organization which should embrace at least 60,000 of 82,000 pharmacists, united together in a common cause for great ideals, for better service, with the ethics which you yourselves have established. His recommendation is one which you might well take home. Those of you primarily re-

sponsible for these little individual groups of serious thinkers, working each for themselves, search your own hearts and determine t o throw in your lot with the common lot, so that all may go forward in a n effort that would impress not only the Congress of the United States but also the people of the United States of the greatness and of the importance of the pharmacy profession. Thank you.

Response to Introduction* By George A. Moulton President Griffith, Ladies and Gentlemen: 1 know that the highest honor that can come t o a retail pharmacist is to be elected t o the presidency ASSOCIATION, of the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL and I know that at this hour of the night, the highest compliment that a President-Elect can pay to the intelligence of the members of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATIONis to be brief in everything that he has to day. 1 will admit that I am somewhat confused since coming to this platform tonight, because outside of Washington, where astronomical figures are used and millions and billions are thrown around, tonight on this platform we heard hundreds of millions, and out where I come from, the only people that use such figures are the bacteriologists. But now that we have to accept the fact t h a t our headquarters

are in Washington, I presume I shall have to learn something about such sizable figures. It is going t o please me to serve you during the current year. I am assuming the office of president with confidence because, as the ninety-third president of your organization, I realize that an organization which has had ninety-three presidents and been as successful as this, must be on a sound basis. Again, as I do know intimately the presidents of recent years, I realize with a feeling of confidence that I can be assured of their aid. I n fact, the majority of them have so written and expressed that t o me. So with that note of optimism, I want t o say that I am sincerely appreciative of the distinctive honor that you have given me, and pledge the best of my ability t o you for the current year. Thank you.

The National Pharmacy Committee on Public Information, Inc* By E. Walton Bobs: The National Pharmacy Committee on Public Information, after a painful nine months of “talk stage” gestation, was finally born last April 15, for the purpose of providing a unified public relations voice for pharmacy. I t was to provide the medium through which the good things about pharmacy were to be made articulate t o the right people, in the right places, at the right time. The thinking behind the program which was initiated by the Committee, backed up by the drug industry and pharmacy, was designed t o interpret vigorously pharmacy in its proper light t o the general public. Specifically, the program was aimed at correcting the sore spots in pharmacy which were: a recognized shortage of pharmacists, which was rapidly

* Presented t o the 92nd Annual Meeting A. PH. A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 7, 1944.

becoming acute by reason of a marked decrease in the number of young people entering our colleges of pharmacy; and a lowered public appreciation of the status of the profession of pharmacy, not only on the part of the public but within the industry itself. In other words, public regard for the pharmacist, for his profession and for the pharmacy as a community health center had dropped to a point where even the pharmacist had begun to lose his respect for his profession, and in a sense to become his own worst enemy. And as a third weakness, which resulted from these conditions within the profession, there had been created a danger of unjust legislation based upon a lack of understanding which threatened to be directed toward the profession of pharmacy and the drug industry, both at the federal and state legisla-

SCIENTIFIC EDITION tive levels. Serious things these-and a challenge indeed for all of us interested in the advancement of pharmacy. Consequently, in recognition of these conditions, a broad program of public relations was laid out and adopted. As each of you will recognize, it is next to impossible t o conceive and launch a program that will be foolproof in all respects. I know, for example, that there are some in this audience who will question glorifying the pharmacist when his stores do not represent the high quality standards which are pharmacy as we h o w and respect it. However, we should bear in mind that these weaknesses are only expressions of the public and that actually there has been no relaxation in the professional standards or the service provided by the profession of pharmacy and the drug industry. 0 In surveying the over-all picture, I am sure we all agree that the pharmacist himself is the key t o the success of our public relations program. The only Merence that may exist among us is the method of approaching this probem. For our part we feel that it is poor public relations psychology t o din constantly into the pharmacist’s ears the nagging notion that he is a slovenly professional man and that, unless he corrects his habits in this regard, he is headed for professional ruin and disgrace. We believe it is high time to stop taking a hypochrondriac’s view of our profession-you can’t keep on telling a man over and over that he is sick and expect him to get well. Continually telling him of his faults will only succeed in causing him to lose faith in himself and his profession. We believe that the more practical approach is to give the pharmacist an opportunity t o gain a new appreciation of himselfof the need for his professional services and of his importance as an integral part of his community. A sure way to do this is to tell the public. Therefore, when we initiated our public relations program it was launched on a broad basis, one which through every contact with the public would inspire both the public and the pharmacist to a better appreciation of the profession and its importance in the community. That has been the psychology which has motivated us in our program. It is our belief that the pharmacist will be inpired t o improve his store’s appearance, as well as s own, by reminding him of the things that are good about pharmacy. At the same time we secure public recognition of his importance, we are giving him fresh incentive t o express those qualities which he has always known he possessed. I n support of our contention, let me point out that for years appeals have been made directly t o the pharmacist t o clean up his store and improve his professional standing in the community. But without the necessary public recognition of his importance in the community, he labored under dire handicaps. We all know that the average pharmacist is a fine citizen. We know, and he knows, of his important funttion as a partner-consultant of the doctor. We know, and he knows, that in spite of the 17 per cent decrease in his number, he is now filling 15

L

439

per cent more prescriptions than at any other time in history. We know, and he knows, that his is a hard and tiresome job. I n many cases, he is staying on the job for 36 and even 48 months without vacation in order t h a t the public health needs of his community will be supplied. We know this, and he knows this, but the public apparently does not. It’s time that the public be told. When they know and understand the tremendously fine job pharmacists everywhere are performing in their interests, they will accord him voluntarily the recognition he so richly deserves. The pharmacist is a human person, just as you and I are. And he responds, as we all do, to praise and appreciation of a job well done. Once hi5 services have been properly interpreted t o the public, he will be inspired t o give his store and himself the appearance which is in keeping with the public recognition of his services. When the public gives him further recognition as a professional man he will conduct himself in comport with the role. Simultaneously, when the public recognizes the true significance of his store as a community health center, he will take greater strides to give i t that appearance. The pharmacist himself, therefore, as only he can, will solve his own problem. Now that we have discussed the general considerations let’s get down specifically to our program, which is broken down into these three major classifications: (1) the student recruiting program, (2) an external public relations program aimed at increasing public appreciation for the profession of pharmacy, and (3) a n internal public relations program aimed a t revitalizing the pharmacist’s interest and pride in his profession. Without necessarily taking up these classifications in sequence, let’s deal fist with a current campaign. I refer to The Cadet Nurse Corps drive, in which pharmacists of the nation are participating by offering the services of their pharmacies to the United States Public Health Service as recruiting centers. This patriotic dart presents an excellent opportunity for a public relations program aimed at increasing the public’s appreciation for pharmacy. It has the very definite effect of focusing favorable public attention on the pharmacy as a neighborhood health center. As a result of our promotional efforts, the governors of 28 states issued proclamations congratulating pharmacists of their state for their publicspirited and patriotic help. Here, for example, is how the proclamation issued by Governor Bricker of Ohio reads in part: “Traditionally regarded as neighborhood health centers, the drug stores of this State and the Nation will serve as clearing houses for information concerning the Cadet Nurse Corps.” That’s fine recognition! The kind we are constantly striving for. Further, newspapers throughout North Carolina carried a statement from Governor Broughton in which he personally congratulated “the successful team-work” as, he stated, of the pharmacists of

440

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

North Carolina for their cooperation in the recruitment campaign. And still further, Governor Green of Illinois sent a message of thanks and congratulations to the pharmacists of that state through the Illinois Pharmaceutical Association, declaring that “pharmacists are already over-burdened with many obligations, forced on them by the war. However, they recognize the responsibilities of their pharmacies as public health centers for communities throughout the state, and have, therefore, undertaken t o act as information centers for the recruitment of young ladies between the ages of 17 or 18 and 35, to relieve the serious shortage of nurses.” Wouldn’t you as a pharmacist of that state be gratified to have the governor’s public recognition of your importance? Similar messages from the other governors who issued proclamations were equally appreciated by pharmacists in those states. Pharmacists everywhere received additional lifts from publicity describing the pharmacists’ activities in the campaign which appeared, and is still appearing nationally in magazines and newspapers. Editorials have been published, so far, in nearly 2000 papers throughout the country praising pharmacists for their cooperation in the drive. Another editorial appeared in Collier’s Weekly, a national magazine of over two and a half million circulation, again according public recognition to the pharmacist. Such public recognition of the pharmacist is bound t o make him as an individual more conscious of the public position he occupies and t o bolster up his feeling of pride, that in turn will be reflected in his improved relations with the public. I n our modest way we feel that the Cadet Nurse campaign and our other Committee publicity activities have alreay helped raise the public regard and appreciation for the profession by influencing them to look upon pharmacy as a n integral fixture of American community life. By participating in the Cadet Nurse drive we were able to link up public health and pharmacy, and through Dr. Parran’s personal appeal put the official governmental stamp of recognition on the pharmacist and the profession-a mighty step forward in the direction we all want to go. As supplementary activities in our broad program we have taken advantage of many other opportunities to publicize the pharmacy’s place in the community as a health center. For example, here is an editorial which appeared in some 310 newspapers strategically located throughout the country: “That the pharmacist, beset with his own proband with business over his prescription counter a t a peak, can take on this important campaign forcibly demonstrates that the corner drugstore is a n integral part of American community l i f e that pharmacies are, in fact, community health reti ters.” lriiis

Repetition of this basic truth is certain to increasr

public recognition of the professional importance of all pharmacists. I n another important phase of our activity-the recruiting of pharmacy students; we have adhered strictly t o a policy of attracting only young men and women of high character qualifications, realizing that the future of pharmacy depends on the quality of the future pharmacists. It is not our intention to flood our colleges with an inferior type of student. We emphatically do not want the riffraff. We want the same high type of students in pharmacy who enter medicine and the other highly respected health groups. Pharmacy need not take a back seat to any profession . It is our aim to interest a great number of students in t a k h g up the study of pharmacy. We hope to send so many applicants to the colleges of pharmacy that they, like medical colleges, can select only one out of every four who wish to enter the profession, thus making certain that only the best are taken. The fist step in student recruiting was taken this spring. A poster was designed which would appeal t o the thousands of high-school students throughout the country, pointing out to them the advantages of pharmacy as a professional career. The poster was distributed t o 22,000 high schools. Accompanying it were return postcards on which vocational guidance directors and principals could indicate the number of booklets they wished, describing the qualifications, requirements and opportunities in pharmacy. The requests for this booklet, which was given the title, “Your Future in Pharmacy,” serves as a n effective check on the interests of young people. Quite frankly, we had no idea the response would turn out as great as it has, for to date approximately 30,000 booklets on pharmacy as a career have been mailed in response to returned cards and letters. These requests have come from every state in the union-from guidance directors, high-school principals, college deans, librarians, registrars, Y. M. C. A.’s, drug manufacturers, drug stores and from students themselves. Not only has the spread of these responses been significant geographically, but significant also has been the fact that the great majority of them was received from individuals who indicated that they were prospective students, and requests for the booklet are still coming into our office daily. It is highly stimulating and encouraging to your Committee to know that the reactions among the profession and the drug industry to our student poster and recruitment program in general have been enthusiastic. Letters have been received from every segment of the profession and industry. Each one provides gratifying evidence that this first recruiting activity has been successful-eloquent proof that the first major consideration for this serious question of the shortage of pharmacists and the creation of public good will is t o do something concrete about it and not just talk about it. But. we have not depended entirely on the stu-

SCIECNTIFIC EDITION dent poster and the student booklet, “Your Future in Pharmacy,” for support of our student recruiting program. I n addition, we have publicized the opportunities open t o young people in the profession of pharmacy throughout a wide number of magazines and newspapers. At the present time, articles on the subject are running in 1500 magazines including Chamber of Commerce publications, parentteachers’ magazines, educational guidance papers, high-school newspapers, and hospital and farm publications. These papers, each one telling the story of pharmacy, have a combined circulation of approximately nine million readers. Here is an example of one of these publications, containing a n article typical of the type of publicity which is being carried. Papers of this kind reach a well-selected list of influential businessmen and are carefully read. Favorable publicity for pharmacy is thus placed where it can be spread still further. As a follow-up t o our first recruiting campaign, a second campaign, built around a new poster, will be launched this month and still another one next spring. To strengthen further our recruiting program, we are planning a number of other activities which we think will be constructive. Among these supplemental projects is a Speakers’ Bureau, organized for the purpose of addressing parent-teachers’ associations, vocational guidance directors groups, Y. M. C. A.’s, Rotary Clubs and others whose members are in a position t o acquaint young people with information about pharmacy and the opportunities which are open t o them in the profession. Another project in connection with our student program, which should provide good insurance against pharmacy getting the short end of the stick in the postwar reconstruction, is the work which we are planning in cooperation with the Veterans Administration Bureau. I n pursuance of this recently we have had a number of meetings with General Hines, who is administrator of the Bureau in Washington. As an outgrowth of these meetings we have rewritten essential parts of the student booklet “Your Future in Pharmacy,” so t h a t it will be of especial interest t o the returned service man who is seeking permanent employment and might want t o investigate the opportunities open in pharmacy. We have good assurance that these booklets will be made available through the fifty-two Veterans Bureaus located throughout the country for distribution to returned veterans. Thus pharmacy does not intend t o be caught napping. At this juncture i t is well t o point out that our Committee is working very closely with the American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education so as to prevent any overlapping of activities. We are doing the publicizing of pharmacy for the Foundation so that the students will be available for the scholarships offered by the Foundation. Each activity is separate unto itself, and I wish to assure this audience of the full cooperation and collaboration between the two bodies.

441

And so, in every contact made t o create a n interest in the study of pharmacy a strong message is carried, which serves the dual purpose of interpreting pharmacy and its vital services according t o its true professional importance. Each person receiving this message will multiply its effectiveness by sharing it with his acquaintances. This series of snowballing, trip-hammer impacts can’t help but emphasize and strengthen all phases of our broad program. Because of time limitations I have confined my report t o our major operations and objectives. I have not reported the vast amount of detail work, in both correspondence and field contact, conducted by our staff in the British Empire Building. Just this phase of the work alone consumes much more time and manpower than one would ordinarily think. But in this way we are constantly in touch with the state secretaries, educators and other leaders. The Committee, by this work, cooperates with all the existing associations and never attempts t o displace any of the duties of work of the state, local or the 11 odd National Associations in the drug and pharmaceutical industry. The hands of our publicity clock are not standing still. Besides the work already discussed, radio scripts, a clip-sheet service for newspaper editors on interesting facts on pharmacy, and various other public communication devices are being utilized t o carry forward our story. Neither have the movies been neglected. We have brought our story directly t o Hollywood. Every major picture studio in Hollywood has been systematically and objectively contacted by your Committee. Strong complaints were lodged with each studio against the careless and unfair manner in which they portrayed pharmacy to the public. Similar complaints were lodged with the Will Hays office and we had assurance from them that they would watch the scripts submitted t o them for censorship. You will be glad t o know that the Motion Picture Industry received our story with respect and promised quite sincerely t o show drugstores as pharmacy wants them t o be shown, provided your Committee, as a neutral body, will submit plans and specifications to their property departments. Public relations work for pharmacy has almost limitless fascinating ramifications. The more experience we have in this field the more convinced we are of the glorious opportunity for pharmacy, not only t o win higher public regard, but to go far beyond that-to be a leader in contributing to the social advancement of our peoples. B u t this is not a one-man job. Your Committee and paid staff in New York can do so much and no more. The Associations, particularly ours right here, of which I’ve been a member for ten years, can do a tremendous amount of cooperative work that is so necessary to make a public relations program succeed. Let’s all recognize that we are in the same boat, whether we are independent, chain store, ethical manufacturer, proprietary manufacturer, or whatever side of the fence we are on. $0 long as we are in

the drug business. We must have harmony, unity and common sense, common understanding. Every one of us has to back up the program with action, and to those companies who have not contributed with financial support, we ask you t o reconsiderand seriously so. We’re working hard, doing this work without pay, and voluntarily. Your Committee is glad to do so, -but we do need continued, tan-

gible financial support and active participation by every segment of the industry. We have made a good start, but it’s only a start. Keep pharmacy healthy, keep it safe, keep i t the traditionally great profession it is-by giving us your undivided support, your determined &or% t o be at least a committee of one on your own public-relations home front.

Report of the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws* By George D.Beal Ladies and Gentlemen: I am instructed by the Council to present the following proposals for your consideration.

(1) Amendment t o Article I1 of the Constitution.-Although the By-Laws provide for the election of associate members, and further provide that student members of the ASSOCIATION shall be associate members, the Constitution does not recognize associate membership. This report gives notice that at the next Annual Meeting of t h e ASSOCIATION there will be offered for adoption the following amendment to Article I1 of the Constitution : Amend Article I1 by adding t h e word “Associate,” so that the Article will read: “Membership. This ASSOCIATION shall consist of active, life, honorary and associate members and shall hold its meetings annually.” The printing of this report in the Proceedings Number of the JOURNAL will constitute compliance with the publication requirement, so that the proposed amendment may be read at the first general session of the next Annual Meeting and be balloted upon at one of the subsequent sessions. The By-Laws of the ASSOCIATION provide t h a t in the event of the decease or incapacity of the President, the First Vice-president shall assume the duties of the President for the unexpired term of office, and in the event of the decease or incapacity of both the President and First Vice-president. the Second Vice-president shall assume the duties of the President for the unexpired term of office. However, no provision is made for filling the positions of Secretary or Treasurer under similar circumstances. The Council, by vote, has requested the Chairman of the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws, to submit proposed amendments t o the By-Laws to provide for such contingencies. It is moved that Chapter 11, Duties of the Officers, Article 111. Secretary, be amended by adding a new sentence: “In the event of the resignation, decease, or in-

* Presented

to the 92nd

Annual

Meeting,

A. PH.A,, Cleveland, Ohio, September 7, 1944.

capacity of the Secretary, the vacancy shall be filled by vote of the Council for the remainder of the unexpired term.” It is further moved that Article IV, Treasurer, be amended by adding a new sentence: “ I n the event of the resignation, decease, or incapacity of the Treasurer, the vacancy shall be filled by vote of the Council for the remainder of the unexpired term.” Chapter IV of the By-Laws, entitled “Finances,” provides in Article IV, Payment of Bills, that “Unless otherwise provided for, the correctness of every bill shall be certified by the person contracting the same and by the Secretary, and the latter shall note on the bill the appropriation against which the bill is to be charged. A voucher check showing the appropriation against which the payment is charged shall then be drawn and signed by the Secretary. Upon receipt of the check, together with the original bill, the Treasurer shall complete the check, affix his signature and return the check with the bill t o the Secretary who shall forward the check and file the

”.,b The requirement of two official signatures to any ASSOCIATION check is a very proper safeguard for the funds. But in the event of the incapacity of either the Secretary or Treasurer, we must still have the mechanism for payment of bills. The Council debated whether the proper third officer t o a c t in this emergency should be the President or the Chairman of the Council. The presidency changes every year, and the President may conceivably reside in a remote part of the United States. There is usually longer continuity in the Chairmanship, and the Council has usually considered accessibility as a criterion in selecting its Chairman. Authority for the Chairman of the Council to sign checks in lieu of the Secretary or the Treasurer would reduce the frequency with which it would be necessary to provide the bank with a new signature card. I am, therefore, instructed by the Council t o propose the following amendment t o Chapter IV, Article IV of the By-Laws. Add a new sentence at the end of the Article reading: “In the event of the incapacity of either the Secretary or the Treasurer, the signature of the Chairman of the Council shall be accepted

SCIENTIFIC EDITION in lieu of that of the officer incapacitated.” Chapter VIII,Article I of the By-Laws authorizes the appointment of a Standing Committee on Long Range Program of Policy. The duties of this Committee are set forth in Article X I of this Chapter. Since this Committee has to deal with many problems at point-blank range, the House of Delegates authorized a change of name to “Committee on Policy and Planning.” It is, therefore, proposed to amend Chapter VIII, Articles I and XI, by striking out the words “Committee on Long Range Program of Policy” wherever they appear, and substituting therefor the words “Committee on Policy and Planning.”

443

The American Society of Hospital Pharmacists was formerly a section of this ASSOCIATION and entitled to representation in the House of Delegates. It is now a separate association, but should not lose its representation. It is, therefore, moved to amend Chapter V, Article I, Section (c) by adding thereto the words “American Society of Hospital Pharmacists.” These amendments to the By-Laws of the AssoCIATION will be called up for discussion and action thereon a t the Second General Session on Saturday, September 9, when they may be approved by receiving the votes of three-fourths of the members present.

Second General Session The Second General Session of the Ninety-Second National Formulary (page 448). The report on the National Formulary read by Dr. Powers was rePHARMACEWICAL Annual Meeting of the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION was called to order a t 9:00 p. m. on ceived in the usual manner. I n the absence of Chairman J. B. Burt, no report Saturday, September 9, 1944, by President Ivor Griflith. President Griffith announced that the was made by the Committee on Personnel Problems. Dr. George D. Beal was then called upon to prereading of the Minutes of the First General Session would be dispensed with and then called upon Dr. sent the second reading of the report of the ComGlenn L. Jenkins, Chairman of the House of Dele- mittee on Constitution and By-Laws which had gates, to report upon the proceedings of the three been read in extenso at the First General Session sessions of that group. Dean Jenkins responded (page 442). It was again emphasized by Dr. Beal briefly by reporting that the House of Delegates had that the report of his Committee included an amendheld three sessions, received the various reports and ment to Article I1 of the Constitution providing for recommendations and transacted the usual business the inclusion of associate members in the list of memof the ASSOCIATION. He stated that the results of bers of the ASSOCIATION. This proposed amendthe deliberations of the members of the House of ment will be presented in 1945 for action. The Delegates were embodied in the resolutions adopted amendments to the By-Laws proposed in the report, which would be presented later by the Acting Secre- upon motion by Dr. Beal, were adopted unanimously by the vote of those present at the Second tary to the Second General Session. President Griffith then called upon Acting-Secre- General Session. President GrifEth then announced that neither tary Charles R. Bohrer to read the resolutions and recommendations (page 505) adopted by the House the Ebert nor the Kilmer prize would be awarded in of Delegates. Upon a motion regularly made and 1944 because the committee on Ebert prize had seconded, the resolutions were approved following made no recommendation and because no paper had been presented for the Kilmer prize. Mr. Bohrer’s presentation. Mr. Ray C. Schlotterer. Executive Secretary of Dr. E. Fullerton Cook, Chairman of the Committee of Revision of the United States Pharmacopceia. the Federal Wholesale Druggists Association. was was then introduced by the President following then called upon by the President to award the which he read his report on the activities relating Robert J. Ruth trophy to the winner, Mr. Sam to the revision of the United States Pharmacopceia Higger of Washington, D. C. Mr. Schlotterer’s (page 444). Upon motion regularly made and presentation address and Mr. Higger’s response are published (page 451) in this issue of the JOURNAL. seconded, the report was received. Following the presentation of the Robert J. Ruth Announcement was then made by Dr. Glenn L. Jenkins, Chairman of the House of Delegates, of the award, President Griffith called attention to the nominations and elections of officers for the ensuing death of the Second Vice-president, Mr. Robert S. Lehman of New York, and requested Professor Curt year (page 498). President Griflith then called upon Dr. Justin L. P. Wimmer of Columbia University to present a Powers, Chairman of the Committee on National brief memorial address in honor of Mr. Lehman Formulary, to present his progress report on the (page 452). Following the reading of the address

444

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN

PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

in memory of Mr. Lehman, the audience rose and stood for one minute in silent tribute. The Officers-Elect were then installed with appropriate ceremony by President Griffith. Those inducted into office at this time were: President, George A. Moulton; First Vice-president, Charles E. Wilson; Honorary President, Leonard Seltzer; Treasurer, Hugo H. Schaefer; and members of the Council, Roy B. Cook, Ernest Little and Robert L. Swain. Following the presentation of the President’s badge and gavel by the retiring President, Dr. George A. Moulton read his inaugural address (page 452) while First Vice-president Charles E. Wilson presided. President Moulton’s address which in-

cluded several recommendations was, upon motion duly seconded and carried, referred to the Council for consideration. President Moulton then resumed the Chair. Dr. Griffith complimented Mr. Bohrer upon the excellence with which he had served a s Acting Secretary of the General Sessions and the House of Delegates during the Convention. President Moulton also paid tribute t o the services of Mr. Bohrer following which the audience rose and applauded. Upon motion regularly made, seconded and carried, the meeting of the Ninety-Second Annual Convention of the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION adjourned at 11:OO p. m.

The United States Pharmacopcia” Report of the Chairman of the U. S. P. Committee of Revision By E. FuZlerton Cook best and this trust and great responsibility must be guarded zealously. The establishment of this public forum, where Government officials, physicians, pharmacists, retail and manufacturing chemists, biologists and all experts in the medical and pharmaceutical sciences can meet on common ground and publicly discuss the problems before deciding standards, is the key to the continued success of this unique quasi-governmental service which the Pharmacopoeia and the National Formulary are rendering. The current interests in the new U. S. P. revision include admissions of new thereapeutic agents and preparations, the exclusion or “deletion” of items believed by the medical group to have lost Pharmacopoeial status, and a number of recent proposals believed by many to represent progressive steps in Pharmacopaeial service. These suggestions include the proposal to relegate Latin titles t o second place, another to separate and place in Section I the U. S. P. items and preparations which are active therapeutic agents and vehicles used on prescription, and t o place in Section I1 the substances admitted for preparing items in Section I , which are commonly called “pharmaceutic necessities.” Still other suggestions are t o arrange all of Section I according to a therapeutic classification, and to add a brief description of at least one manufacturing process for all chemical substances, as has long been done by the British Pharmaceopoeia, while another proposal is t o add to each item in Section I a brief description of therapeutic uses, as is done in New and Non-Official Remedies. Following Pharmacopoeia1 policy, all who are in* Presented t o the 92nd Annual Meeting, A. PH. terested are invited t o express opinions on these proposals. A more detailed account follows: A., Cleveland, Ohio, .September 9,1944.

The new revision of the Pharmacopoeia is creating more general interest than for many years. This interest is both medical and pharmaceutical. It is but natural that each group as it uses the Pharmacopoeia in its own specific field is likely to lose sight of its many applications, but those responsible for the U. S. P. must constantly keep in mind its primary purpose which is “a therapeutic guide to the medical profession.” The Pharmacopoeia was started in 1820 by physicians exclusively for this purpose and has served them in this respect ever since. I n 1850 pharmacists were invited t o assist by providing formulas and standards t o insure reliability and uniformity for these selected products. It was almost one hundred years later that the Government gave legal force t o U. S. P. standards and thus broadened the functions of the book. The Pharmacopoeia as a “law book” is therefore only a comparatively recent development and although this is of great importance it is oiily incidental so far as the real purpose of the Pharmacopceia is concerned. This fundamental principle of the U. S. P., namely to restrict its scope to the best known and most widely used medicinal products and preparations, as selected by the medical menibers of the Revision Committee, alone prevents it from recognizing all substances used in medicine a s would be the case should Congress have delegated drug standardization to one of its own departments. The entrusting of this very important health function in this country t o independent professional bodies is a n outstanding example of democracy at its

SCIENTIFIC EDITION PHARMACOPOEIAL ADMISSIONS DELETIONS

AND

The members of the Subcommittee on Scope, which is composed of all of the 18medical members of the Revision Committee and 5 of the pharmaceutical members, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Walter A. Bastedo, have been studying the “admissions and deletions” for the new Pharmacopeia. Some of the discussions and votes have been taken by mail, and a two-day conference of the Subcommittee was held recently when new substances of therapeutic value proposed for admission, and various U. S. P. X I 1 titles yet under consideration, were reported upon by specialists, under the supervision of Dr. Cary Eggleston, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Therapeutics. With this concentrated information available the members discussed freely each substance presented before they cast the deciding vote.

NEW ADMISSIONS As the result of Scope deliberations the following new items, believed to be of outstanding medical and surgical importance, were admitted to the next Pharmacopeia : Adrenal Cortex Injection (in oil and aqueous) Aluminum Phosphate Gel Aminopyrine Tablets Amino Acids Mixture (oral) Amphetamine Amphetamine Sulfate and preparations Anhydroxyprogesterone Anhydroxyprogesterone Tablets Apomorphine Hydrochloride Tablets Bacterial Vaccine from Cholera Vibrio Bacterial Vaccine from Plague Bacillus Benzyl Benzoate and Lotion Calamine, Prepared Calamine Lotion Coal Tar Coal Tar Ointment Copper Citrate Copper Citrate Ointment (Ophthalmic) Desoxycorticosterone Acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate Injection (in oil) Desoxycorticosterone Acetate Pellets Dicalcium Phosphate (Dibasic Calcium Phosphate) Diethylstilbestrol Suppositories Digitoxin Digitoxin Injection Digitoxin Tablets Digoxin Digoxin Injection Digoxin Tablets Diodrast Diphtheria Toxoid, Tetanus Toxoid Alum Precipitated, Combined Diphtheria Toxoid. Tetanus Toxoid Fluid, Combined Dory1 and Preparations (tablets and injection) Epinephrine Injection (in oil suspension) Estradiol Benzoate Injection (in oil) Estradiol Suppositories Estradiol Tablets Estrone Injection Estrone Suppositories Extralin Gas CIangrene Antitoxin

445

Gas Gangrene Antitoxin Polyvalent Helium Heparin Hexykesorcinol Capsules Hydrophilic Ointment Base Isopropyl Alcohol Lanatoside C Lanatoside C Injection Lanatoside C Tablets Mecholyl Bromide Mecholyl Bromide Tablets Mecholyl Chloride Mecholyl Chloride Injection Methyl Testosterone Methyl Testosterone Tablets Morphine Injection Naphuride (Bayer 205) and Injection Natural Estrogens Natural Estrogens Capsules Natural Estrogens Injection (in oil and aqueous) Natural Estrogens Suppositories Natural Estrogens Tablets Neo-Synephrine Hydrochloride and preparations Nicotinamide Injection Papaverine Hydrochloride and Injection Penicillin Pentothal Sodium Pitressin Tannate Injection (in oil) Pregnancy Urine Gonadotropin Progesterone Progesterone Injection (in oil) Protamine Zinc-Insulin Injection Purified Protein Derivatives of Tuberculin Riboflavin Injection Sodium Ascorbate Sodium Ascorbate Injection Sodium Morrhuate Sodium Morrhuate Injection Sodium R-Lactate Injection Sodium R-Lactate Ringer’s Solution Sulfamerazine Sulfamerazine Sodium (sterile) Sulfamerazine Tablets Testosterone Propionate Testosterone Propionate Injection (in oil) Tetanus Gas Gangrene Antitoxin Thiamine Hydrochloride Injection Typhus Fever Vaccine Vinethene Yellow Fever Vaccine Zephiran Chloride and preparations

SUBSTANCES OFFICIAL IN THE PRESENT PHARMACOPOEIA BUT N O T ADMITTED T O THE U. S. P. XI11 Primarily the U. S. P. list of official substances is made up of drugs and their preparations and medical and surgical aids selected by the Subcommittee on Scope as representative of the most important therapeutically and most fully established and best understood products used b y physicians and surgeons of this country. However, the U. S. P. has also standardized a number of basic substances which in themselves are not medicinal agents, but which are required in the manufacture of the U. S. P. products t o be administered to the sick. These auxiliary items are designated as “pharmaceutic necessities.” I n the following list of proposed “deletions” will be found a number of substances and their preparations which have been dropped because the members of the Scope Subcommittee no longer consider them

4-46

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEARBXACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

of sufficient therapeutic importance. The list also includes items which are in the U. S. P. as “pharmaceutic necessities,” but will be no longer retpired. Acetonum Acidum Aceticum Acidum Aminoaceticum Acidum Lacticum Acidum Mandelicum Acidum Nitricum Acidum Phosphoricum Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum Acidum Sulfuricum Acidum Sulfuricum Dilutum Aethylis Chaulmoogras Alcohol Dehydratum Allylis Isothiocyanas Althaea Antipyrina Aqua Chloroformi Argentum Proteinicum Forte Belladonnae Radix Bismuthi Subnitras Calcii Phosphas Tribasicus Capsulae Carbonei Tetrachloridi Capsule Olei Chenopodii Capsulae Triasyni B Cum Hepati Carbonei Tetrachloridum Ceratum Ceratum Resinae Chloramina-T Codeina Colchici Semen Concentratum B-Vitaminarum Hepatis Decocta Emplastrum Belladonnae Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae Eriodict yon Eucainae Hydrochloridum Extracturn Hyoscyami Extractum Malti Extractum Rhei Fel Bovis Ferri E t Ammonii Citrates Virides Ferrum Reductum Fluidextractum Eriodictyi Hydrargyri Bichloridum Hydrargyri Salicylas Hydrargyri Succinimidum Hydrargyrum Cum Creta Infusa Injectio B-Vitaminarum Hepatis Injectio Hydrargyri Salicylatis Iniectio Stronhanthini Injectio Triisyni B Cum Hepati Lmum Liquor Acidi Arseniosi Liquor Hydrogenii Peroxidi Fortior Liquor Iodi Lycopodium Magnesii Phosphas Tribasicus Massa Ferri Carbonatis . Me1 Nux Vomica Oleum Amygdalae Amarae Oleum Chaulmoograe Oleum Chenopodii Oleum Juniperi Oleum Lini Oleum Picis Rectificatum Oleum Pini Pumilionis Oleum Terebinthinae Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum Pamaquinae Naphthoas Pelletierinae Tannas Phenylis Salicylas Pilulae Ferri Carbonatis

Potas% Sulfurata Bitartras Potassii Nitras Pulvis Cretae Compositus Quininae Aethylcarbonas Quininae et Ureae Hydrochloridum Resina Serum Antimeningococcicum Serum Antipneumococcicum Serum Immune Morbillosi Humanum Serum Immune Scarlatinae Humanurn Sevum Praeparatum Sodii Cacodylas Spiritus Anisi Spiritus Camphorae Spiritus Frumenti Spiritus Glycerylis Trinitratis Spiritus Vini Vitis Strophanthinum Sulfapyridinum Sulfapyridinum Sodium Sterile Syrupus Picis Pini Tabellae Magnesii Phosphatis Tribasici Tabellae Sulfapyridini Terpini Hydras Thymolis Iodidum Tinctura Colchici Seminis Tinctura Iod-The physicians on the Subcommittee on Scope recommended that the 2 per cent tincture be sold whenever tincture of iodine is called for in the drug store since, in their opinion, it is far preferable to the stronger 7 per cent tincture for the uses t o which it is put by the layman. This would mean changing the strength of tincture of iodine from 7 per cent t o 2 per cent. Should a physician wish to use the 7 per cent tincture he can indicate the strength desired. Tinctura Nucis Vomicae Toxitabellae Hydrargyri Bichloridi Magnae Toxitabellae Hydrargyri Bichloridi Parvae Trinitrophenol Unguentum Iodi Zinci Acetas Zinci Chloridum

U. S. P. XI1 SUBSTANCES AND PREPARATIONS ADMITTED TO T H E U. S. P. XI11 The majority of items official in the U. S. P. XII, and those in the First U. S. P. XI1 Bound Supplement were retained for the new Pharmacopmia. The complete contents of the U. S. P. XIII, so far as decided at this time, are not listed here in full b u t can be determined by crossing off “de1etions”and adding the new “admissions.” TODAY’S PROGRESSIVE PHARMACOPOEIAL PROGRAM The unanimous adoption by the 1949 Pharmacopaeial Convention, and by the adjourned Convention of 1942, of the progressive program of a revised Pharmacopoeia every five years, with added Supplements whenever these are considered necessary, has brought our Pharmacopoeia into the position it was always intended that it should occupy, namely, a therapeutic guide t o the latest medical practice and fully representative of competent medical opinion of the day. The members of the Scope Subcommittee have selected therapeutic agents f a r the U.-

SC~ENTIFIC EDITION S. P. solely upon the basis of their importance in modern medicine. The policy of the recent Pharmacopceial Subcommittees on Scope to include controlled products when these are found to meet the exacting requirements set for acceptance, and when not objected to by the owners, has made it possible to attain this objective. This policy of recognizing controlled products in addition to other well-known therapeutic agents was found necessary as many important modern medicines are controlled by patents and covered by trademarks and, if excluded, would leave a serious d&ciency in the list of Pharmacopceial drugs and preparations. The progressive character of the present-day Pharmacopoeia has been made possible by joint medical and pharmaceutical action. The swift developments in medical science made it absolutely necessary to abandon this long-established ten-year revision program if the U. S. P. is to serve its proper purpose in the medical, pharmaceutical, industrial and governmental fields. One of the pharmaceutical groups in the 1940 Convention .advocated a new Pharmacopoeia every three years, or even an annual publication, following the policy of the American Medical Association in the publication of “New and Non-Official Remedies” but the final decision was for the “Five-Year’’ publication plan, with “Supplements” as needed. This it is believed will be just as effective in keeping the Pharmacopceia up t o date as more frequent publication. Besides the longer interim period permits more thorough and exacting revision of the volume. PHARMACY’S PART Pharmacy may well be proud of its part in the present Pharmacopoeia1 program as it reflects the far-sighted and professional policies and practices of pharmacy of today and pharmacy’s close cooperation and entire agreement with substantial medical opinion. With the establishment of this progressive program for the Pharmacopceia, the U. S. P. has continued to receive the full acceptance of the American Medical Association and of teachers in medical schools. RECENT PHARMACOPOEIAL PROPOSALS During the last revision of the Pharmacopceia several proposals were made by new members of the Revision Committee which were viewed as extremely radical by those steeped in the traditions of the U. S. P. It was of interest to note that these proposals originated among the younger medical members who are strong believers in the Pharmacopoeia as a therapeutic guide to the medical profession and are now teachers of therapeutics in influential medical schools. LATIN VERSUS ENGLISH Proposal number one was to give the English title h t place among the official titles and regelate the

447

Latin title to second place or some would even drop the latter altogether.

TO SEPARATE THERAPEUTIC FROM STRICTLY PHARMACEUTIC AGENTS The second proposal was to give greater prominence to the active therapeutic agents and their preparations by placing them in the first section of the book and to follow with surgical aids, such as bandages and sutures, also by the diagnostic agents, and finally by those substances classed as “pharmaceutic necessities” items which are never prescribed by physicians but are necessary for the manufacture of the items in Section I.

THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION Still a third proposal was to classify all of the actively medicinal agents and their preparations according t o a therapeutic or use classification such as “cardiovascular stimulants,” “sedative,” “analgesics,” “anti-infectives,” etc. At a conference of the entire Revision Committee held in 1940 these questions were vigorously discussed but a majority of the Committee did not approve of their adoption for the U. S.P. XII. However these same questions have come to the front again in the revision now actively under way, the Thirteenth, and are being vigorously discussed, pro and con, within the Committee. A special committee has been appointed to consider all of the arguments, review the proposals, and bring recommendations to the General Committee for a decision. The committee consists of Doctors Bastedo, DeGraff, Dooley, DuMez, Krantz, and Seltzer with Dr. Newcomb as Chairman and it is expected to meet in late September. COMMENTS INVITED Since these questions may be of far-reaching importance in the future use of the Pharmacopoeia in both medical and pharmaceutical practice, an urgent invitation is extended to physicians and pharmacists t o send in their views to the General Chairman so that the special committee may have the benefit of widely held opinions on these questions. Those favoring the retention of Latin titles and their alphabetical arrangement believe that in prescribing U. S. P. medicines the Latinized form should be used to insure certainty in compounding and dispensing. One proponent writes “To advocate the use of English titles in prescriptions would be to advocate inaccuracy.” He favors the continuance of Latin titles for prescription ingredients because Latin is a universal language and is readable anywhere. Latin is the language of science, it is explicit and without ambiguity and eliminates the use of different names for the same drug and of the same name for different drugs. which is often characteristic of English names. While English is the language of the United States it is not the language of European, Asiatic or of, south American countries and for years we have

448

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATSON

tried t o establish uniform Latin names for Pharmacopeial titles the world over. English titles would not be acceptable in the Spanish Edition of the U. s. P. nor for the standards proposed by the Health Committee of the League of Nations. The universality of the Latin language is emphasized by the requirement of government sp-ecifications that all medicinal substances for export, during the war, shall bear Latin as well as English titles. Advocates for the adoption of the English title state that Latin titles are rarely if ever used in hospitals and are not employed in the medical lists of the medical corps of the armed forces, while many medical schools are not teaching the use of Latin titles in prescription writing. From a chemist’s viewpoint the Latin title arrangement of the Pharmacopceia makes it difficult for him to use the book since he is not familiar with Latin titles and must therefore always refer t o the index when he wishes to locate a product.

SEPARATING THERAPEUTIC FROM STRICTLY PHARMACEUTIC AGENTS This proposal was given unanimous approval by the medical members of the Committee at the recent meeting of the Scope Subcommittee. They state that since the primary purpose of the Pharmacopeia, as established for more than 100 years, is t o supply the medical profession with a select list of the best-known and most widely used therapeutic agents employed by the medical profession and the most efficient preparations for t h e administration of these approved medicines and since this policy of the U. S. P. is being increasingly taught and empha-

sized today to medical students in hospitals and in community health centers, it is a mistake to include such substances as Pyroxylin, and Cochineal or even crude drugs such as Belladonna Leaf in the list which the physician is being taught to prescribe or use in active practice. The preparations of Belladonna such as the Extract and Tincture would. of course, go in thelist of therapeutic agents. Another argument for separating 17. S. P. items which are not medicines, per se, is to remove them from the list of medicinal agents for which complete dosage, use and labeling seems to be expected under drug laws simply because they are U. S. P. items. It is realized that i t is difficult t o prepare a list of items which are employed strictly as pharmaceutic necessities and never medicinally, since there are border-line cases, but as tentatively prepared, such a list is believed possible.

CC. VERSUS ML. One more suggestion has been the replacement of the term “cc.,” or cubic centimeter, by the correct designation “milliliter,” abbreviated as “ml.” The U. S. P. IX and the British Pharmacopeia of the same period adopted this proper metric nomenclature, but the unsatisfactory abbreviation, “mil.” was evidently too far ahead of the times, for the 1920 U. S. P. Convention directed the return t o “cc.” Have we now advanced far enough to adopt the scientifically correct and more accurate term “milliliter. abbreviated as ‘ml.,’ ” for the U. S. P. XIII? This brief summary of arguments being presented to the Revision Committee will indicate the interest and importance of the proposals.

The National Formulary* Report of the Chairman of the Committee on National Formulary By Justin L. Powers It is indeed a pleasure t o report at this time that plans are progressing for the revision and publication of the eighth edition of the National Formulary late in 1945 or early in 1946. I believe the National Formulary is now in a good position, and plans have been formulated t o enhance its value as a book of official standards for drugs and t o increase its prestige with the pharmaceutical and medical professions and with State and Federal law enforcement agencies.

SALES OF N . F. VII The seventh edition of the National Formulary was published in June, 1942. During the twenty-

‘ * Presented

t o the 92nd Annual Meeting, A. Pa. A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 9,1944.

six months which have elapsed since its distribution began, 38,601 copies have been sold. This compares very favorably with the 36,411 copies of N. F. VI which were sold in a comparable period between December, 1935, and January, 1938, inclusive.

N. F. COMMITTEE MEETING As a final step in planning for the revision of N. F. VII and the publication of N. F. VIII, the Committee on National Formulary held a three-day meeting at the Headquarters Building of the AMBRICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION in Washington on May 19,20 and 21. In accordance with the policy of the ASSOCIATION, publicity has been given t o the proceedings of the Committee on National

SCIENTIFIC EDITION Formulary by pubjication of a complete report of the recent meeting in the current issue of the Bulletin of the National Formulary Committee. In addition to this, all pharmaceutical journals were provided with a rksum6 of the Proceedings of the meeting of the Committee on National Formulary. Accordingly, this report to the Convention will be brief, and reference will be made only to those decisions reached by the Committee which are of general interest.

N. F. ADMISSIONS AND DELETIONS It will be recalled that in the revision of N. F. VI there were very few deletions. As a result the seventh edition of the National Formulary now contains many monographs on obsolete drugs and drugs used only to a very limited extent. The Committee on National Formulary clearly recognized that if the National Formulary were to reflect progress in pharmaceutical practice and maintain the principle of establishing and promulgating standards for drugs based upon extent of use, many current National Formulary monographs should be discontinued. A major part of the May meeting of the Committee was given to a discussion of admissions to N. F. VIII. As a basis for discussion on this subject, a survey (Bull. Natl. Formulary Committee, 12 (1944), 81) conducted during the early part of 1944 was employed freely. This survey presented information collected from questionnaires sent to hospital pharmacists and retail pharmacists in an attempt to ascertain which National Formulary drugs were used in filling physician’s prescriptions or in over-thecounter sales to the public. If the data collected indicated that a drug was not used a t all, or only to a very limited extent, the Committee decided not to include it in the next revision of the National Formulary. As a double check on this, a number of catalogs of manufacturers of different types were examined to determine if preparations unsuitable for manufacture by the individual pharmacist were listed. If, for example, an assayed preparation such as Fluidextract of Apocynum was not listed in any of the catalogs, it was assumed that the preparation was not used in medical practice in sufficient quantity to warrant the continuation of recognition in the National Formulary. There may be some doubt in the minds of some of the members of this ASSOCIATION as to the significance of the survey. The number of pharmacists queried is admittedly small. However, those to whom the questionnaires and check lists were sent were very carefully chosen to represent widely separated parts of the United States and different types of pharmacies. The manufacturer’s catalogs surveyed were also carefully chosen from the standpoint of geographical distribution, size and type of manufacturer represented. It has been shown repeatedly in political opinion polls that small samples carefully chosen are frequently more accurate than much larger samples selected more or less a t random. B y

449

analogy with these political opinion polls, we may perhaps conclude that our survey, although based upon a relatively small number, may be as accurate as a much more extensive but less selective survey would have been. It is significant that there have been very few criticisms of the decisions on admissions and deletions reached by the Committee on National Formulary. Altogether 196 monographs,representing 26 per cent of those in N. F. VII, will not be included in N. F. VIII. A few individuals and one or two pharmaceutical journals have referred to this as a rather radical action on the part of the Committee on National Formulary. Actually, when compared with the omission of N. F. V monographs from N. F. VI, the action appears to be very conservative. The Committee on National Formulary, entrusted with the revision of N. F. V and the publication of N. F.VI in 1936, discontinued 321 out of 779 monographs or 4 1 per cent of those official in N. F. V. Therefore, I do not believe the present Revision Committee of the National Formulary took a particularly radical step in its program of admissions and deletions. It merely recognized a trend in the types of drugs used, and took steps to see that the eighth edition of the National Formulary would reflect present-day usage of drugs and pharmaceutical progress. It is now fifty-six years since the first edition of the National Formulary was published by the AMERICAN PHARMACE~ICAL ASSOCIATION.Its original purpose was to provide uniform titles and formulas for a variety of pharmaceutical preparations in general use throughout the United States. However. with the passage of the Federal Food and Drug Law in 1906, the National Formulary was designated as an official book of standards and the publication acquired a new and added significance. This recognition presented a new challenge to the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION and it was clearly recognized by the ASSOCIATION that it was now necessary to include in the National Formulary standards of strength, quality and purity, in addition to uniform titles and formulas. Since 1906 the trend has been steadily in the direction of more comprehensive and adequate standards. It is to be hoped that the time is not far in the future when the National Formulary will publish monographs only on drugs for which adequate standards of strength, quality and purity can be devised. Recently, publicity has been given in the pharmaceutical press to a letter from the President of one of the national pharmaceutical associationsin which he stated that there is reason to believe that the National Formulary is changing over from its original purpose and is now being designed and handled in much the same manner as the United States Pharmacopceia, and that eventually the purpose for which the National Formulary was founded will be lost. This conception is no more correct a t this time than it has been true of revisions of the National Formulary since 1906. The National Formulary

450

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

has from the beginning provided, and will continue to provide, officialstandards for widely used drugs which in the opinion of those responsible for admissions to the United States Pharmacopceia are not absolutely essential in the practice of medicine. Naturally from one revision period to another, far reaching and noticeable changes occur in the attitude of the members of the medical profession t w ward the essentiality of drugs. If this were not true there would be no need for the revision of either the United States Pharmacopceia or the National Formulary. Probably in no comparable period have so many changes in ideas concerning the. essentiality and utility of drugs occurred as during the past ten years. The trend has been rapidly away from the use of botanical drugs and preparations of botanical drugs and toward the greater utilization of synthetic organic chemicala. biologicals and pure and physiologically active plant and animal principles. This trend has been particularly noticeable in the content of the United States Pharmacopceia. Now the time has come when it will be reflected to a greater degree than previously in the National Formulary. This in no sense can be construed as a change in the original conception of the function of the National Formulary. It is extent of use of a drug that determines its admission to the National Formulary, and not inclusion in the National Formulary that determines extent of use. Some of us apparently dislike t o admit that such rapid changes in pharmaceutical practice are occurring, but closing our eyes to progress will not alter the situation in the least. As replacements for the 196 N. F. VII monographs which will not be included in N. F. VIII, 115 monographs entirely new to the National Formulary have been admitted. In addition to these, it is probable that a majority of 108 monographs official in the current United States Pharmacopeia. which will not be admitted to the next revision, will also be added to the list of new admissions to the National Formulary. It is entirely possible and indeed probable, that the Committee on National Formulary has made mistakes in judgment in connection with some of the drugs to be omitted from the next edition of the N. F. A t an appropriate time, a list of proposed deletions based upon comments, criticisms and recommendations from all who are interested in the content of the National Formulary, will be reviewed by the Committee on National Formulary. It may appear that I have given an inordinate amount of time to a discussion of the questions of admissions to the eighth edition of the National Formulary. I f this is true, it is because the greater part of the meeting of the Committee was devoted to this subject and because there have been more comments on the decisions reached than on any other single item.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES T O BE F O L L O W E D I N THE REVISION OF N. F. VII The Committee on National Formulary also gave a considerable amount of time to a study of the

General Principles t o be Followed in the Revision of N. F. VII and the compilation of N. F. VIII. No far-reaching changes were made in the General Principles followed during two previous revisions. A number of ambiguities, however, were eliminated, a few minor changes were adopted, and a few proposed changes were held in abeyance for future consideration. NOMENCLATURE The revision of the General Principle to be Followed in connection with nomenclature in N. F. VIII has provoked some discussion in the pharmaceutical press and by interested individuals. The Committee on National Formulary with but one dissenting vote agreed that in all monographs of N. F. VIII, the primary title shall be in English, and Latin titles will be placed in the secondary position at present occupied by English titles. This does not mean, as has been implied in some pharmaceutical journals, the complete abandonment of a Latin system of nomenclature. According to the plan adopted, Latin titles will still be available for those who care to use them. The change will merely result in placing in the primary position the titles of drugs as they are most frequently used in conversation, writing and prescriptions. It was the consensus of the Committee that none of the currently used arguments in favor of the emphasis on Latin nomenclature are valid. Latin titles for drugs are not consistent in various national pharmacopaeias. Latinizing the titles of modem drugs frequently involves only a minor change in the English name which may occasionally lead to confusion rather than clarity. The argument that the assignment to a drug of a Latinized name means that the name is not subject to further change can be refuted by the fact that there were forty-four changes in Latin titles in the Unites States Pharmacopceia and National Formulary in 1942. We of the Committee on National Formulary believe that our decision concerningnomenclature is in the interest of progress, whereas the continuation of special emphasis on a Latin system of nomenclature would merely perpetuate an outmoded tradition. It is also believed that in as many respects as possible the U. S. P. and the N. F. should be uniform. Accordingly, the proposed transposition in titles will not be made in N. F. VIII unless the same change is adopted for U. S. P. XIII. This unquestionably reasonable decision was reached by the Council of the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATIONfollowing a thorough discussion of the question on Wednesday, September 6. MEMBERSHIP O F THE COMMITTEE O N NATIONAL FORMULARY Since my report last year, there have been two changes in the membership of the Committee on National Formulary. Mr. H. A. K. W h e y of the University of Michigan resigned from membership

SCIENTIFIC EDITION

-

in September, 1943. He was replaced by Dr. F. E. Bibbins. Professor Adley B. Nichols, for many years a valuable and loyal member of the Committee on National Formulary, resigned from membership in March, 1944, because of his added duties in connection with the United States Pharmacopoeia. Dr. E. A. Brecht of the University of North Carolina was elected by the Council during its April meeting to complete the unexpired term of Professor Nichols. I wish to acknowledge the valuable contributions of Mr. Whitney and Professor Nichols to the National Formulary, and express the regret of the Committee and the Council that they found it necessary to resign.

451

In this 1944 report to the Convention, there is much additional information which might perhaps have been included. However, because of the limitation of time, this report has been restricted to activities of the Committee which it was thought would be of especial interest. In closing I again wish to mention that a complete report of the National Formulary Committee meeting has been published in the July-August issue of the Bulletin of the Natwnul Formulary Committee, and to assure members of the ASSOCIATION that the Committee welcomes your comments and criticisms of its activities and suggestions for the improvement of the National Formulary.

Presentation of the Robert J. Ruth Trophy* By Ray C. Schlotterer Mr. Chairman, Dr. Moulton and Friends: I am afraid the presentation statement is going to be a little short tonight, because we are competing with a pianist in the adjoining room, who is trying to play the scales, and I am sure he is soon going to burst forth into the “Rhapsody in Blue.” I hope that when the cup is officially donated he will favor us with “Hail, the Conquering Hero.” ‘ Emerson said. “An institution is the lengthened shadow of one man,” and I say that the Robert J. Ruth Trophy is the lengthened shadow of the one man who proposed at this meeting, more than ten years ago, the idea of National Pharmacy Weekthe one week in the year when we, as a profession, can especially tell the public, that passes by our windows on whatever busy thoroughfare they may be located, the wonders of what takes place in.back of the compounding counter, and the ideals that we believe in. Some of our pharmacists are appearing before high-school assemblies, others prepare statements for their local papers, while still others participate in radio programs, and I am happy to say that a growing number each year are spending time carefully dressing their windows in a manner which brings home to the public the true meaning, scope and ideal of the pharmaceutical profession. It is only by an even greater expansion of such activities, and an even wider dissemination of the aims, purposes and accomplishments of pharmacy that we will carry on through the years the institution that was originated by Robert J. Ruth. Dr. Griffith has previously brought up the clasls that usually exists between ideas and actions. Now, gentlemen, we can have ideas. The Declaration of

* Presented to the 92nd Annual Meeting, A.

A.,Cleveland, Ohio, September 9,1944.

PH.

Independence and the Constitution of the United States are pieces of paper, but it is not only the ideas but the actions behiid those pieces of paper that make them important in our democratic life today. The same can be said for this piece of silver which is merely a symbol of the effort, thought and achievement of one man who has excelled in upholding the idea of professional pharmacy. The Oak Leaf Cluster, the Congressional Medal of Honor and all the other medals, trophies and honors that are given to our boys for valor on the field of battle, symbolize the bringing together of the idea, the man and his action, which indicate in this case the love of country. I say that anyone, who goes out of his way, once a year, to give special attention to his front window in order to spur the imagination and increase the awareness of the passers-by in the wonders of his profession, is putting into action an idea which should merit public recognition. When his window is chosen as a peer of them all, then he earns the national recognition which our winner is enjoying tonight. Mr. Higger, on behalf of the Federal Wholesale Druggists’ Association. donor of the Robert J. Ruth Trophy, I take great pleasure in awarding t o you the Annual Pharmacy Week Trophy. Acceptance of the Award Mr. Higger: We are very grateful and very appreciative of this award and the honor of receiving it. In our place Pharmacy Week is observed throughout the year. We have been doing this for a long time. We believe the future of the drug business is in pharmacy, and we are working along that line. This award is a great encouragement. Thank you very much1

452

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

Tribute to Robert Lehman” By C. P. Wimmer

This is indeed an assignment that touches me very deeply. Robert Lehman was a faithful member of this ASSOCIATION.Indeed, he was a member and a faithful member of the profession of pharmacy. Those of you who knew him, know well that he was always ready to sacrifice his time, make every effort t o do what he could for the advancement of the profession which he loved. Robert Lehman was born in Brooklyn. He served his apprenticeship in Philadelphia and in New York, and about 1900 he purchased a drug store at the corner of 28th Street and Third Avenue, New York City. He conducted there a high-class professional pharmacy, employed, as i t happened t o be, from time t o time, as many as eight prescription pharmacists. His store set a pattern for the professional pharmacy of his day. He retired from the active business of his store in 1923, but while he retired from his business, he did not retire from his work for pharmacy. Ever active, he became President of the New York State Pharmaceutical Association in 1918, and served again in 1919, quite a signal honor, because it has been customary for a president t o serve only one year, but he was to succeed himself because everyone felt that under his guidance, under his precepts,

the State Association of the great State of Kew York could only profit. Later on, he became a Secretary of the New York State Pharmaceutical Association and served in that office until the time of his death. It was on the night of January 15, of this year, at about eleven o’clock, that he died very suddenly; in fact, within the period of about a half or threequarters of an hour, he left this earth. It was the very next morning that the notice of his election t o the Second Vice-presidency was received by his widow. How proud Robert Lehman would have been! How glad he would have been! It would have been the fulfillment of all his wishes in life t o have bestowed upon him the honor of being the Second Vice-president of this great ASSOCIATION, but it was denied to him, God willing otherwise. Let us remember him as one of God’s great men. Let us remember him as a man always friendly, always smiling, willing to sacrifice himself, never refusing t o do a job that was wished upon him. Though nobody else wanted t o do it, Robert was always there to do it. Let us remember him as one whom we should all emulate. May he rest in peace.

Inaugural Address* By George A. Moulton President Griffith and Friends: I have already Planning and consider myself fortunate to enter expressed t o you my deep sense of the honor con- office with such a definite statement of policy. I t is the result of long hours of painstaking study. ferred upon my by this office of President upon which I now enter. Many years of keen interest However, in addition t o the matters presented by in the progress of various Pharmaceutical associa- the Policy and Planning Committee and to those already instituted by the Council, I would like you tions, and especially of the AMERICANPHARMACEUto consider the following problems. TICAL ASSOCIATION,have culminated in giving me perhaps the opportunity t o share more fully in the efforts and responsibilities that accompany the INFORMING PHARMACISTS OF A. PH. A. SERVICES office of President. I most sincerely hope that when i t comes time t o review the work of the It is widely known that the most frequent quesPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION for 1944AMERICAN 45, it will be possible for me t o feel t h a t I have tion put t o those working in the field for the Assoreally helped here and there to speed t h e ASSOCIA- CIATION is. “What does the AMERICANPHARMATION forward. With the cooperation of each memCEUTICAL ASSOCIATION do for me?” That is a chalber this will be done. lenge which must no longer be overlooked. In these stream-lined Cleveland meetings, an I do not presume to know all about such services, inaugural talk by the new President might well be crossed out, since it is merely a custom and not a but someone should gather this material for proper prescribed function, or it might be presented in dissemination t o members of the profession of written form. As, however, the custom is per- American pharmacy. Such a brochure, covering mitted me, I promise t o make i t a stream-lined the accomplishments within the scope of the estabmodel. lished objectives and limited t o the last two decI am wholeheartedly in accord with the program for action reported by the Committee on Policy and ades, would provide a conclusive answer t o this question that has plagued loyal members seeking * Presented t o the 92nd Annual Meeting, A. PH. recruits. Inasmuch as the Committee on Policy and PlanA., Cleveland, Ohio, September 9, 1944.

SCIENTIFIC EDITION

453

I recommend that the Committee on Publications of the Council restudy the present policy governing advertising contracts of our publications with a view to liberalizing the policy now in effect and thus make possible an increase in advertising income. The Committee’s recommendations should be preMEMBERSHIPS, STATE A N D NATIONAL sented to the Council at its November meeting. The AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION It has long been the plaint of retail pharmacists can profitably continue its interest in helping to that new employee graduates were inadequately organize strong state associations which in turn will trained for the practical everyday duties of the reflect an increased interest in the AMERICAN drugstore. The literature outlining pharmaceutical PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION membership. education stresses the varied fields open to the A recent survey conducted with great attention to graduate of a collegeof pharmacy. From this literaaccuracy by my office shows some startling figures ture it would seem that the present syllabus atwith relation to membership in state and national tempts, in four years, to prepare each student for associations. I will briefly comment on two phases all these possible fields. This tends to result in a of the report. training so thinly spread that it becomes inadequate Approximately 41.5% of active registered pharmafor any one of the fields enumerated, and results in cists of this country are members of their respective the criticism mentioned. state associations. On the premise that two-thirds It would appear worth while to study the advisaPHARMACEVTIof the membership of the AMERICAN bility of establishing a first year of basic courses, CAL ASSOCIATION are registered pharmacists, the following which, during the next three or more PHARpercentage of membership in the AMERICAN years, the student would choose courses leading MACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION compared with the total more especially to the particular field of pharmacy number of registered pharmacists is less than 6%. best adapted to the given student. When compared with the membership of the Under such a curriculum, the student planning to American Medical Association, which approximates enter retail pharmacy would concentrate his studies 669/&, of their possible membership (about 50% of in that direction, deleting subjects nonessential for their membership are Fellows of the Association), him and adding such courses as will more adeit is obvious that the problem of membership in our quately prepare him for his special field. own ASSOCIATION still deserves urgent attention and This flexibility of curricula is in line with modern prompt action other than the procedures in use up academic practice in colleges of engineering, law, t o this time. dentistry and the other professions. Some colleges I recommend that the special committee appointed of pharmacy would appear better fitted than others by the Council to study memberships, dues and in clinical facilities, or perhaps better adapted in publications continue their studies and prepare at a faculties to offer certain curricula. This would unnear date a definite program to bring the memberdoubtedly help to solve a competitive condition that more into ship total of the national ASSOCIATION now exists to some degree among colleges and would line with the state associations’ membership. rationally turn out more capable graduates in all I suggest that this program, when developed by fields. the Committee, be placed before the next session of I recommend that the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL the Secretaries’ Conference for their cooperative ASSOCIATION representatives on the National Syllastudy, to the end that an acceptable national probus Committee bring this point of view to the very gram on membership may be presented soon to the early attention of the Committee, which is now Council for prompt action. engaged in revising the pharmaceutical syllabus. ASSOCIATION INCOME This matter is more urgent now than ever, as we are The security of this organization lies in progress. about to enter the postwar period of education with The Committee you set up to plan progress for the its manifold problems. Inasmuch as the AMERICAN PXARMA~ETJTICAL ASSOCIATION reports the need of proper hances to support the plans for progress. No national organi- ASSOCIATION covers in its interests and services all zation that provides adequate service to members phases of pharmaceutical practice for which the functions on membership dues alone. For the most student may be trained, it is pleasing to note our part, association budgets are maintained by earnings increasing membership from the student body. This trend merits our sincere continued support of its publications. One national professional association. whose and our commendation of the excellent work done by financial report I have recently studied, shows in- Dean Ernest Little and his Committee. come from membership dues of approximately PHARMACY INTERNATIONAL. $65,000 and salaries of $275,000. The budget is balanced by gross earnings from publications and If there is one thing the present war has taught us, periodicals of approximately $2,700,000, one half of it is the fact that no nation, nor any nationwide which was derived from advertisers in these publica- organization, can seclude itself within its own tions. boundaries.

ning necessarily have this material at hand, I recommend that this committee be requested and empowered to prepare for publication as soon as possible a pamphlet containing this subject matter in a form attractive to the average pharmacist.

454

JOURNAL OF THE A ~ ~ R I C PHARMACEUTICAL AN ASSOCIATION

Evidence now tends to point t o greatly increased and By-Laws in ample time for definite action a t the interest in American drug manufacture, research, next annual meeting. education, and methods of distribution on the part STATISTICAL AND LEGAL SERVICE of those living outside continental United States. Some 14,000 pharmacists, mostly recent graduates, It has long been my experience that state associaare scattered over the five continents and the seven tion officers have been unable to find an adequate seas. Their comparison of American pharmacy source of information necessary to prepare properly with that which they observe in foreign lands can their pharmaceutical legislative programs. This easily bring about a demand for changes in present has resulted in a n heterogeneous group of state American practices. pharmacy laws. On the other hand, every G. I. Joe and Jane, some In fairness, it should be mentioned that for the eleven million strong in the armed forces, have been past twenty-five or more years the leadership didirect ambassadors of American pharmacy t o the rected to this problem by the National Association people of other countries. Where the lay public of of Boards of Pharmacy has been most helpful in foreign countries has been made aware of American providing some uniformity t o studies for legislative pharmacy through military medical service, the action. However, during the last decade, laws way is undoubtedly open for the AMERICAN PFIARMA-affectingthe distribution and compounding of drugs CEUTICAL ASSOCIATION t o initiate the good neighbor have become increasingly Federalized. policy in the field of health services as related to T o provide a central source of statistics from which pharmacy. absolutely dependable data, legal and historical, I recommend that the Council of the AMERICAN within the field of pharmacy may be secured, and to PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION set up a special provide a uniformity in the interpretation of such committee t o begin at once the investigation of information, I r e c o m d , that the Council study what is feasible to try to accomplish this year, in the feasibility of establishing a legal and statistical this widening field of international cooperation, for department with definite personnel t o direct it. pharmacy. This recommendation will give added meaning to the words used in the various objectives set forth in STEPPING U P THE A. PH. A. ASSEMBLY LINE the Constitution and Bylaws that seek to uphold With the increased tempo of everyday living, the standards of education and of practice of procedures adopted ten years ago t o put into action pharmacy and to restrict the dispensing and the sale the program initiated by the will of the membership of medicines to educated pharmacists-ail of which are no longer adequate. The mechanism of waging today is controlled by public statute. I scarcely need to point out that the proper the present war has illustrated the value of cutting down the time loss between the decision t o act and evaluation of pharmacy statistics t o Federal agencies is most helpful to the continued progress the action itself in full momentum. A study of a chart showing the number of years it of American pharmacy. has taken some of the ASSOCIATIONprojects to come ACHIEVEMENT, PAST AND FUTURE into action is eloquent testimony of this time-loss I have tried to present the more pressing needs, factor in ASSOCIATION work. One example is the timing of the present address, where recommenda- not only of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL tions for ASSOCIATION activities are annually pre- ASSOCIATION, but also of the people whom it serves. sented by your highest elected officer ajter all annual The history of the services performed by the ASSOCIATION over legislative sessions have adjourned, and thus no AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL constitutional action may be taken. A second nearly one hundred years will stand the scrutiny of example is the time lost at annual sessions by the the most exacting or critical student. At this time there are many inverted appraisals duplicated effort of the General Sessions and the House of Delegates, the legislative body. Both of of pharmacy, its organizations and personnel. The these bodies have essential usefulness. When they greatest need at this moment is for those who seek meet only once a year the need to restrict their to be leaders of pharmacy to train their spyglasses agendas, each t o its respective function, has been right-end-to upon the individual members of the the subject of recommendations for years by your ASSOCIATIONand upon the thousands of other vice presidents and others. Some day you will attend to pharmacists who are not yet member-nd, th i s matter. Is there any reason why we cannot versa, for every pharmacist t o be very sure he is looking through the proper end of his telescope when make an effective start to do this now? INSTITUTE OF PHARI recommend that the Committee on Policy and he trains it on the AMERICAN Planning study the constitutional form of organiza- MACY. I hope to be able during this year to bring within tion of the General Sessions and of the House of Delegates to find the quickest satisfactory solution the vision of as many pharmacists throughout the t o this overlapping action of the two Assemblies and nation as possible, in true perspective, the essential to strengthen further the legislative prerogatives of dependence of all pharmacists upon the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION. the House of Delegates. Their findings should be PHARMACEUTICAL This same obligation and opportunity should be n made available to the Committee on Constitution

SCENTIFIC EDITION part of the daiiy life of those who are leaders of organized pharmacy of each state. Cooperation between national and state leadership is the prerequisite to any definite progress we can make. Merely to stand still is to go backward. As I know the state groups, their part of this union will not stand still. We are about to enter another cycle of business due to the war emergency. This postwar conversion back to ordinary living schedules is the cause of much present-day concern-some optimistic, some pessimistic. I am intensely optimistic of the immediate future of pharmacy. I am not unaware of the cataloging of all that is wrong with pharmacy, for to acknowledge one’s faults is the first step toward correcting them. The cause of my optimism is my intimate knowledge of the retail pharmacist in the field. His local and state organizations were never in better condition, and he has practiced for the past three years more professional pharmacy than ever before in his history-and liked it. There is a definite facelifting going on in retail pharmacy that will create better public opinion of the profession. It never will be one hundred per cent perfect any more than man himself has ever reached such a state of perfection. The intimate and working relations between this ASSOCIATIONand the National Association of Retail Druggists; the work of the American Foundation on Pharmaceutical Education; the vocational guidance material from the National Pharmacy Committee on Public Information; the character and ability of the officers, members of the Council, and standing committees of this ASSOCIATION,together with those who direct its affairs at the headquarters building, just simply are not conducive to failures.

455

limit to absorb the excess demand on producers’ research laboratories, avoiding loss of valuable time and large outlays of money. Wholesale druggists, although badly understsffed. have done a most creditable job of the allocation of scarce commodities, assuring civilian health protection.

SERVICES OF RETAIL PHARMACIST Retail pharmacists-and how I like to talk about them-they have been just wonderful. With some 14,000 less of them, long hours were spent in filling the nearly 300.000,000 prescriptions of the past year, in the increased sale of drug and sickroom supplies, in providing public health services, in senrice on local and state Civilian Defense Councils, in selling war bonds and stamps, in recruiting nurses -you know of all these civic activities in addition to the pharmacists’ daily responsibility for the operation of their pharmacies. It is very interesting to add together the war effort of pharmacy and study it. It would be a worthy project for our drug journals to place this record in one article before our practitioners, that they may gain new confidence and self-respect from it. Such an article, printed in suitable form for reprint framed display and placed in the show windows of 57,000 pharmacies could be called in a true sense of the words, “public information on pharmacy.” I, as a business man as well as a pharmacist, can only conclude that if each component part of a whole profession and industry can turn out such a record of unselfish service as the past three years have shown, no person in sound mind would attempt to sell the future of pharmacy short. I hope this thought will be a stimulus to the literature of pharmacy, which at this time has an excellent opportunity to lead the thinking of PHARMACY’S RECORD UNSURPASSED pharmacy as it approaches the broad postwar probIf these facts just presented are insufficient to lems that will require the best thought and dart convert the professional worrier on “what is wrong pharmacy can offer. with pharmacy” to my spirit of optimism, perhaps No speaker at the concluding hour of these the following statement may add the finishing touch: sessions would want t o be denied the privilege of Sinu the Pcorl Harbor attack no singk i d u s t r y adding his sincere tribute t o the life and services or projession has more compktcly met the requirements given so unstintingly and so effectively by Dr. placed upon it by the exfiqiing war and lend-kase Kelly to the work of this ASSOCIATION.Words needs as has pharmacy; nor has any worked roilh kss janjare and with fewer strikes among i t s workers. are entirely inadequate to express my feeling of When it became apparent that America would be- love for him. I am grateful he will be found at come the drug arsenal of the world, no one cpn- the right hand of his successor for years to come. nected with the Federal agencies had the slightest Our debt to him can never be paid. idea that they could depend on the drug industryI would like also to express my appreciation to as they thought they knew it-to meet the tre- the hundreds of friends who by letters, wires and mendous output involved. It still is one of the V-mail have so sincerely expressed their desire to seven wonders for some war statisticians. cooperate with me, and to thank them publicly Where crude raw material was not available, re- here for their message of confidence placed in me. search of our pharmaceutical manufacturers found It is natural for members of the ASSOCIATION, dependable substitutes. Where climatic changes as well as the profession and industry as a whole, would affect the value of drugs, research found means to correct that. College professors became to thiik of the presidency of the AMERICAN ASSOCIATIONas a position of research counselors and agency administrators. PHARMACEUTICAL College laboratory facilities were utilized to the active leadership, regardless of other interpreta-

456

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

tions of the Constitution. It is my intention to accept this responsibility in the light of what I

believe the membership expects of me. You shall have my best efforts.

THE COUNCIL AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION 1943- 1944 Abstract of the Proceedings* The duties of the Council include supervision of tary of the ASSOCIATION, also acts as Secretary of all property, funds, finances and publications of the the Council. The customary Committee appointASSOCIATION. For the purpose of discharging these ments were made and the Council also approved the committees as recomduties, Committees of the Council are appointed appointment of ASSOCIATION and these Committees report directly t o the Coun- mended by President Griffith. F. E. Bibbins was elected as a member of the N. F. cil either a t regular and special meetings or by mail. The Council also acts upon applications for Committee for a ten-year term t o succeed H. A. K. membership, fixes the salaries of officers and em- Whitney who had resigned because of illness. E. A. ployees, prepares an annual budget, elects the Editors Brecht was elected to succeed Adley B. Nichols who and the Local Secretary and nominates for election found it necessary to resign because of pressure of by the House of Delegates, the Honorary President, other duties. Dr. Hugo H. Schaefer was re-elected the Secretary and the Treasurer of the ASSOCIATION. for a ten-year terni. Dr. Melvin W. Green was elected Chairman of the All of these duties have been discharged during the past year at one meeting held in Columbus, Committee on Recipe Book for a term of six years. Dr. George C. Schicks has been re-elected a member Ohio, on September 12, and at Washington, D. C., on December 11, April 22 and 23, and in Cleveland, of the Committee for a term of six years. Glenu Sonnedecker was elected Editor of the Ohio, on September 6. Further meetings will be held here tonight and on Sunday. Other interim Practical Pharmacy Edition of the JOURNAL for the balance of the year 1943 and for the calendar year business has been transacted through the medium 1944. H e began his duties on October 1, 1953. We of 17 Council Letters covering 108 pages and includare pleased t o report that under hi5 Editorship the ing 145 items of business and 29 motions. Although the activities of the Council have been JOURNAL has been brought up to date and we believe that it has creditably filled the purpose for which it reported from time to time in the Practical Phurmacy Edition of the JOURNAL', it is important that the has been designed. Charles R. Bohrer has been reHouse of Delegates have a record of the business appointed as Assistant to the Secretary for the entransacted by the Council aud the following sum- suing year. All of the resolutions passed at the Columbus mary is respectfully submitted. meeting were reviewed bythe Council and assigned to the proper Committees and officers for implementaSUMMARY OF ACTIONS TAKEN tion. I n cases where the resolutions suggested imFor the fiscal year just ended the Council con- mediate action, arrangements were made to inform sisted of the following members: F. E. Bibbins, P. appropriate governmental, scientific and other agenH. Costello, R. L. Swain, G. D. Beal, C. H. Evans, ciCs of the stand which the ASSOCIATIONhas taken R. P. Fischelis, B. V. Christensen, H. A. B. Dun- on questions at issue. ning, Henry H. Gregg, Roy B. Cook, Ivor Griffith, Recommendations of the Con~mitteeon Long Paul G. Stodgill, J. G. Beard, E. F. Kelly, Hugo H. Range Program of Policy were reviewed and the Schaefer and Glenn L. Jenkins. At the organization Committee on Policy and Planning which succeeds meeting held a t the Deshler-Wallick Hotel in Col- this Committee was set up as a continuing body of umbus on September 12, 1943, the Council elected nine members with three-year terms so arranged R. P. Fischelis, Chairman, C. H. Evans, Vice-Chair- that the terms of three members expire each year. man. Under the By-Laws, Dr. E. IT. Kelly, Secre- The Committee was instructed t o study the general membership situation and qualifications for mem* Presented to the House of Delegates, A PH.A,, bership, so that its findings could be reported a t the Cleveland meeting. Cleveland, Ohio, September 8, 1944.

SCIENTIFIC BDITION

457

The determination of whether or not a meeting of The Council decided t o leave t o the judgment of the President of the ASSOCIATION, the Chairman of the A. PH.A. should be held this year was discussed the Council and t h e Secretary of the ASSOCIATION at various meetings of the Council and also taken up the temporary assignment of any member of the by correspondence. It was deemed advisable to hold ASSOCIATION’S staff t o any governmental agency for a meeting in view of the very important war and special services, if requested, with the understanding postwar problems which have arisen. After giving that any leave granted for this purpose should not the question due thought the Council arranged for exceed sixty days without special authorization of the Cleveland meeting to be held September 7 t o 9. The accessibility of this city t o a large percentage of the Council. No such requests have been received or acted upon to date. the membership and the fact that i t is somewhat reUpon request of the Editor of the Scientific Edition moved from the traffic difficulties of both coastal reof the JOURNAL and the recommendation of the Com- gions has made it possible t o hold this meeting. mittee on Publications, the appointment of a n EdiThe Council sanctioned the sale of certain maturtorial Advisory Board was authorized and the follow- ing bonds and the purchase of replacements under ing were elected: (one year)’L. W. Rowe, W. T. favorable market conditions and these transactions a profit which will be reSumerford; (two years) T. C. Daniels, E. J. netted the ASSOCIATION ported more specifically by the Treasurer. Hughes; (three years) E. H. Wirth, C. 0.Lee. Secretary Kelly corresponded with the officers of Considerable attention was given t o the matter of soliciting advertising for the JOURNAL and the Chair- the Conference of Pharmaceutical Association Secmail of the Committee on Publications was author- retaries on the matter of holding a meeting at ized t o make a thorough study of this subject. Washington, but due t o travel difficulties and the Based upon reports from the Chairman and the determination of the Government not t o make availtemporary arrangements made by the Publications able officials of various departments for addresses, Committee, the Council found it advisable t o con- it was deemed most advisable not t o arrange for a tinue the entire operation of both editions of the conference of association secretaries at Washington this year. JOURNAL from the Headquarters office and Mr. Sonnedecker has been able t o handle the advertising Arrangements for National Pharmacy Week t o be activities of both editions of the JOURNAL satisfac- observed November 5 to 11 were made upon rectorily along with his editorial duties. Plans are ommendation of the Committee, headed by Mr. now under way for obtaining the services of an ad- Charles R. Bohrer, which is in charge of this activity. vertising representative, but they are still in the The customary prizes for professional displays are being provided and considerable publicity has alformative stage. Through the courtesy of E. R. Squibb and Sons ready been given to this activity. and the officials of the Smithsonian Institution, it has Authority was given President Griffith t o contact been possible to arrange for the housing of the An- the officers of the American Medical Association in cient Pharmacy Exhibit in Washington so that this the name of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL Asvaluable exhibit may be preserved a5 a part of the SOCIATION for the purpose of developing better relaA. PH. A.’s historical collection. Details of the tions between the professions. The Council took cognizance of the continued repermanent housing of the exhibit are expected t o be quests for a n expression of policy with respect t o the completed in the near future. Arrangements were made for a meeting of the Wagner-Murray-Dingell Bill and adopted the folCouncil of the A. PH. A. and the Executive Com- lowing motion a t the December meeting: “That the mittee of the N. A. R. D. in Washington on Decem- Council go on record as being opposed t o the atber 12. The details of this Joint Meeting have al- tempted regimentation of medical practices and ready been adequately publicized in our own publi- other health services and any autocratic principles cation, in the N . A . R.D. Journal and in most of the contained in Title 9-Federal Medical, Hospitalizaother pharmaceutical journals throughout the tion and Related Benefits . . . . of this bill.” United States. We believe that the start which was Consideration was given t o the request of the Division of Medical Sciences of the National Remade in thus providing for the joint consideration of the problems of pharmacy by the two national as- search Council for the cooperation of pharmacists in the preparation and revision of Technical Manual sociations augurs well for future solution of many of our problems on a truly cooperative basis. 8-233 entitled “Methods for Pharmacy Technicians” It is unnecessary at this time t o review the resolu- as requested by the Surgeon General of the Army. tions passed by the Joint Committee since they have A Committee was appointed and the revision of the been widely published and have constituted a basis Manual has been completed. Serving on the Comfor action by both organizations during the past mittee under the Chairmanship of Dr. Isaac Starr of year. It is important t o note that an Interim Com- the Division of Medical Sciences of the National mittee consisting of the chairmen of the respective Research Council are H. C. Newton, Ivor Griffith, executive bodies with the respective presidents and Justin L. Powers, E. F. Kelly and Julius Comroe. secretaries was set up and arrangements are under Radio and press publicity plans are being investiway for the next joint meeting which is scheduled gated and promoted under the direction of the Chairman of the rrsprctivr rommittees who is also to be held in Chicago in November of this year.

458

JOURNALOF THE AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL’ ASSOCIATION

the Editor of the Practical Pharmacy Edition of the This Committee has reported certain suggestions to JOURNAL. The Council has also given consideration the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws which t o the activities of the National Pharmacy Com- in turn were presented for action a t the General Sesmittee on Public Information, Inc. and has in- sion. structed Dr. Kelly, our representative on that ComThe Council also authorized the submission of mittee, t o give very careful attention t o the policies amendments to the Constitution and By-Laws and plans of that Committee t o the end that proper which have already been presented t o the General guidance may be given to pharmacy’s public rela- Session for action. tions as promoted by this Committee. Dr. E. F. Kelly was re-elected a member of the At the request of Secretary Kelly, the Council American Council on Pharmaceutical Education for gave consideration to his retirement not later than a term of six years. the 1945 convention and a Committee has been The Council approved recommendations of the appointed t o select a suitable successor. This Com- National Formulary Committee providing for a mittee has not completed its task and will report t o publication schedule that will complete the next Edition of the National Formulary in 1945 and make the Council at a later date. A plan providing for retirement annuities for Dr. it official in 1946. It also approved entering into a E. F. Kelly and the employees of the ASSOCIATION new publication and distribution contract for the was submitted by the Committee on Tenure of Of- National Formulary which will be submitted t o the fice and Retirement Provisions and received the ap- Council for action at a later date. It approved the proval of the Council with respect to Dr. Kelly and recommendation that English titles be given priority tentative approval of the Council with respect to t h e over Latin titles in the next edition provided a simiemployees, pending submission of the plan t o them. lar change is made in t h e U. S. P. and authorized the The provisions of the employees’s plan. necessitate Secretary of the ASSOCIATION t o obtain authority t o participation by a majority of the employees. quote certain portions of processes, reagents, soluPermission t o quote from the text of the National tions and tables from the text of the U. S. P. in the Formulary was granted to authors of various texts N. F. under the established procedure of the ASSOCIATION. Dr. F. 0. Taylor was re-elected a member of the Four Supplements t o the National Formulary Committee on Laboratory. were approved by the Council during the year. The Council voted to give early consideration t o A very thorough study of the composition of the the possibility of a Pan-American conference on unimembership of the ASSOCIATION was made by Mr. form standards for drugs. Bohrer during the year and reported in detail t o the The Council approved a number of recommendaCouncil. On the basis of this study, funds were ap- tions of the Editor of the Practical Pharmary Edition propriated for a n intensive membership campaign of the JOURNAL dealing with keeping mailing lists of which has borne considerable fruit. This will be re- State Association members up-to date and the Coported upon in detail by the Committee on Member- operation of Secretaries of State Associations will be ship. A total of 2,125 new members have been sought in this endeavor. This constitutes a brief review of the highlights of elected by the Council of which 853 are student Coulicil activities during the year since our last members. A Special Committee. headed by Dr. George D. meeting. Beal, was appointed t o study the interrelation of Many matters reported on by the President membership dues, terms and receipt of publications and other officers and Committees have had with the view of changing the By-Laws t o conform t o consideration by the Council and we have endeava better system of distribution of publications, terms ored to act t o the best of our abilities for the ASSOCIAof membership and qualifications for membership. TION and for the House of Delegates in the interim.

SC~NTIFIC EDITION

459

HOUSE OF DELEGATES AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION* Abstracts of the Proceedings

First Session The First General Session of the House of DeleAFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS gates of the 92nd Annual Meeting of the AMERICAN Conference of Phurmaceutical Law Enforcement OfPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATIONwas called to order ficials-F. C . A. Schaefer, Brooklyn, N. Y. a t 2:40 p. m. by Chairman Glenn L. Jenkins. Plant Science Seminar-L. D. Hmer, Columbus, Chairman Jenkins requested Acting-Secretary Ohio; F. J. SLAMA,Baltimore, Md.; G. A. Charles R. Bohrer to call the roll of delegates. BERGY,Morgantown, W. Va. In the roll of delegates printed on this page, names American College of Apothcaries-J. K. Attwood, of organizations or states are in italics; of delegates, Jacksonville, Fla.; L. D. BRACKEN,Seattle, in CAPITALS;and of voting delegates, in bold-face Wash.; P. G. STODGHILL, Denver, Colo.; F. D. type. LASCOFF, New York City. Conference of State Pharmaceutical Associalion DELEGATES TO T H E HOUSE OF DELEGATES Secretaries-E. R. Weaver, Stillwater, Okla.; H. DARNELL, Indianapolis, Ind.; E. M. JOSEY, A. PH.A. SECTIONS Frankfort, Ky. Scientific-W. H. Hartung, Baltimore, Md. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists-D. E. Practical Pharmacy-L. C . Zopf, Iowa City, Ia. Francke, Ann Arbor, Mich. Pharmaceutical Economics-B. Olive Cole, Baltimore, Md. NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS Education and Legisktion-k T. Lakey, Detroit, F&ral Wholesale Druggists’ Ass0ciation-R. &MotMich. terer, New York City; A. E. GLADSON,CleveHistorical Phurnzacy-L. F. Jones, Indianapolis, land, Ohio. Ind. National Association of Retail Druggists- J. 0. Kohl, Cincinnati, Ohio; J. W. DARGAVEL, ChiA. PH. A. BRANCHES w* MOWDRY# St- Paul, Minn.; cage# Baltimore-W. Arthur purdum, Baltimore, Md.; W. MCCONAGW, Pittsburgh, Pa.; J. B. TRIB. OLIVECOLE,Baltimore, Md. Caspers wYO*; p. J. S U T T L E m E , Hickcanal zone-w. E. van pelt, Lafayette, Ind.; ory, N. C.; E. J. MURPHY,Manchester, Conn.; E. S. SPEASE,Glen Ellyn, Ill.

Chicego-G. L. Webster, Chicago, Ill.; R. E. TERRY,Chicago, L. TEMPLETON, Ill. Michigan- J . E. Richardson, Detroit Mich. ; L. W. ROWE,Detroit, Mich.; E. P. STOUT,Detroit, Mich.; R. T. LAIcEy, Detroit, Mich.; E. R.

J’ Detroit* National Wholesale Druggists’ Association-E. L. Newcomb, p w York City; C. L. SMITH,Cleveland, Ohio; A. R. WAITE, Toledo, Ohio; E. H. MANTH* Ft* Ind. The Proprietary Association of America-I. W . Grote, Chattanooga, Tenn.; F. J. CULLEN,WashJONES, Detroit, Mich. N~~ york-c. p. wimmer, N~~ york City; C. ington, D. C.; J- D. MCINTYRE,Philadelphia, Pa. W. BALLARD, New York City. American Drug Manufacturers Association-F. E . North Pacific-H. J. Donnell, Portland, Ore. ~~~~h~~ N~ Jersey--Emest ~ i t t l ~Newark, , Bibbhs, Indianapolis, I d . ; F. 0. TAYLOR, DeN. J.; c. L. cox, Newark, N. J.; G. c. scHIcKs, troit, Mich.; R.A. GAIN. Philadelphia. Pa. National Association of Boards of Pharmacy-N. Newark, N. J . ; M. S. ULAN,Newark, N. J. Stewart, Phoenix, Ariz.; W. CHAGNON, Newton, Northwestern-C. H . Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. Philadelphia-H. E. Kendig, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Mass.; F. c. Va. American Association of Colleges of PharmacyR. BLYTHE, Llanerch, Pa. R* c’ H. .‘ MULDooNn Western New York-J. S. Hill, Niagara Falls, N. Y.; Pittsburgh. Pa. ; G. L. JENKINS, Lafayette, I d . F. p. T ~ ~~i~~~~~ ,- ~ ~ ~~ 1~N. 1 ~ ,y.: . M. D. PRITCHARD. Buffalo,N. Y.; H. J. JARDIN, A-iagara STATE ASSOCIATIONS Falls, N. Y.; H. 1’.JONES, Lewiston, N. Y.; A. B. Alabama-E. W. Gibbs, THELMA MORRISCOBURN, LEMON, Buffalo, N. Y. J. L. MEIGS,C. L. BISHOP.F. LITTLE.L. ALLEY, * Three sessions of the House of Delegates were J. K. HAYNIE.P. HARTUNG, H. PARKER. held a t the Hotel Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, on ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . Friday afternoon, September 8; Saturday morning, J- €3. KET~UM. September 9; and Saturday afternoon, September Arkansas-c. R. 9, 1944. Colorado-C. J. Clayton.

44%

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN ~ A R M A C E U T I C A LASSOCIATION

Connecticut-H. P. Beirne, ALI- ESTERGARVIN, FRATERNAL DELEGATES C. GUSTAFSON. Austin A. Macdonald, Macdonald’s Prescriptions, District of cohrmbia--A C. Taylor, H. C. KZNNER. Vancouver, B. C. Florida-G. I. Martin, J. K. ATTWOOD, C. G. A. W. Matthews, Director, University of Alberta, HAMILTON, J. E. BROWN, R. Q. RICHARDS. School of Pharmacy Georgia-C. H. Evans, R. C. WILSON. John W. Preston, Secretary, Canadian PharmaceuIdaho-J. J. Lynch, G. K. ASHLEY. tical Association Illinois-J. R. Oberman, V. CHELOVICK, j. J. M. Storkman, Prescription Pharmacist, Toronto. SHINE. Ontario Indiana-H. V. Darnell, C. R. GOUGH. E. L. Woods, Dean, University of Saskatchewan. Iwua-B. W. Miller, V. TYLER. College of Pharmacy Kansas-W. H.Barnard, E. SLAYBAUGR, W. W. ANDERSON. Chairman Jenkins requested Vice-Chairman S. H. KentuckPC. W. Krause, E.M. JOSEY. Dietzka to preside during the reading of the ChairMaine-B. K. Mwdock, C. C. ANDERSON, V. H. man’s address. HINKLEY. After reading his address entitled: “PharmacyMaryknd-R c. Dudrow, M.STRASBURDER. A Profession” (page 461), Chairman Jenkins reMassachslsctts-M. E. Adamo, J. F. FINNERAN, sumed the Chair and announced the appointment F. A. EAST,W. CHAGNON. of the Committee on Nominations and the ComMuhiwan-H. G. Seyffert, J. E. RICHARDSON, F. H. mittee on Resolutions, members of which are listed TAFT. below. Minraesda-H. H. Gregg, Jr., C. V. NETZ. COMMiTTEE ON NOMINATIONS Mississippi-C. E. Wilson, E. L. HAMMOW, N. S. Charles H. Evans, Chairman FOX,D. B R I M S . w. L. Califf Missouri-W. C. McGnevy, L. J. DRUKER,0.R. B.V. Christensen SUTTON. Patrick Costello Nebraska-R. L. Whaley, K. L. TAYLOR, CORAMAE R. D. Dame W f i a m A. Purdum BRIGOS. Thomas D. Rowe New Hampshire4. A. Moulton, 3. R. BRAINARD, William E. Van Pelt R. A. GRIFFIN,ANITA DESROCHERS. G. L. Webster New Jersey- J. J. Debus. COMMITTZiE ON RESQLUTIONS N ~ uYork-N. S. Gksodde, F. C. A. SCHAEFER, HUGO H. SCHAEFER, C. P. WIMMER, E. S. BELLIS, Ernest Little, Chairman F. E. Bibbins F. GRENNIE. E. W. Gibbs NO& Cardim-H. M. Burlage, 0.GRIFFIN,R. Lester Hayman MCDUFPIE,I. T.REAMER,E. F. RIMMER. Charles H. Rogers Xorth Dakota-W. F. Sudro, H. L. HILL. H. N. Ruud A. C. Taylor Oh&-B. V. Christensen, M. N. FORD, F. J. CERCharles E. Wilson MAK,J. T. MATOIJSEK. L. c. Zopf Oklahoma-E. R. Weaver, 0. WOOD, R. L. The meeting then continued with the annual reSANFORD. port of the Council (page 456)by Acting-Secretary Oregm-C. Haleston. Charles R. Bohrer; the annual report of the TreasPmnsylvank-C. E. Rickurd, M. BAMBRICJI. R W Ishand-P. Iacobucci, J. J. DEERY, C. F. urer (page 464)by Hugo H. Schaefer; and the annual report of the Office of the Secretary of the GILSON,H. W. RIVARD. AMERICAN P~ARWCBUTICAL South Carolina-W. L. Califf, C. 3.JOHNSON. ASSOCIATIONby Soslth Dakob-M. C. Beckenr, F. M.C O R ~ L L . Charles R. Bohrrr (page 466). Utah-J. 3. Heinz, C. A. LUNDAHL,S. C. Each of these three reports was received by LEAVER. unanimous vote of the members of the House of Vermont-W. B. Shangraw, RAYKELLN. Delegates. Virginia-A. L. I. Winnie, E. B. TRUITT, J. C. The next item on the program was the report of HOPKINS,R. J. WALKER,W. F. RUDD, K. L. the Committee on War Activities (page 468)which was read by the committee secretary, Charles R. KAUFMAN. Washington--R Robertson, E. R. BRALEY, 3. DEN- Bohrrr. Subsequent to the reading of this report Dr. A. sow, G. TOZER. West Virginia-J. L. Hayman, C. V. SELBY,R. B H. Uhl presented a statement concerning the activities of the Committee on Social and Economic COOK, G. A. BERGY,L. C. HARLAN. Wisconscn-E. R. Ruud, A. H. NEUMANN. Relations (page 474)which was followed by the reading of the report of the Committee on Policy and Wyoming-R. D. h e . Planning (page 475) by Chairman Robert P. FisFollowing the r d l call, the fraternai delegates chelis. Dr. Fischelis’ report, which included several listed immediately below were introduced. recommendations (page 507). was referred to the

SCIEENTIPIC EDITION Committee on Resolutions and the other reports were accepted by unanimous vote of the members of the House of Delegates. The annual report of the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education (page 479) was then read by the Committee Secretary, A. G. Du Mez. Chairman Arthur H. Einbeck then presented his report of the Committee on the Status of Pharma-

Pharmacy-A

461

cists in Government Service (page 486). These last two reports which had been scheduled for presentation during the First General Session were received in the usual manner by the members of the House of Delegates. There being no resolutions, reports or other communications, the First Session of the House of Delegates adjourned at 6:45 p. m.

Profession*

By Glenn L Jenkins INTRODUCTION lieve that the status of pharmacists as a professional group should be the chief. concern of our ASSOCIAThe progress made by the AMERICANPAARMACEUTION a t this time. What I wish to present for your TICAL ASSOCIATIONeach year is largely the result of the work of our committees and officers. It is thoughtful consideration is the place and impordifficult to express our full appreciation to those who tance of pharmacy in present-day society and what give of their time and ability without compensation the A. PH.A. might do to secure improvement. Wichenden has observed that like churchmanship other than the satisfaction of having served well that all pharmacy may beneiit. I wish to thank all who there are three characteristic points of view pertainhave served. The degree to which they merit our ing to professions; these may be classified as “low,” thanks will be evident from the constructive reports “broad,” and “high.” The “low” view is that a and recommendations which will be presented. profession is primarily an attitude of mind, that anyParticularly, I wish to commend the Council of the one in an honorable. occupation can make it profesASSOCIATIONwhich has functioned in an increasingly sional through workmanship guided by altruistic effective manner in recent years. Few of our mem- motives and high ideaIs. The “broad” view holds bers, I am sure, realize the great amount of effort and that a profession is any art or science that is practime and the sincerity of purpose given by council ticed in such a way that it has come to be convenmembers to the work on subcommittees as well as to tionally regarded as professional. The “high” view the work of the Council as a whole. The work of is that a profession is a special order of society, that Secretary Kelly will be suitably recognized by the is, a more or less formally limited group charged with ASSOCIATION. I wish to thank him in behalf of the special functions of high importance to the common delegates for having served the House of Delegates welfare of society, as the clergy and medicine. for many years as an efficient secretary. I wish also Pharmacy must be grouped according to the “high” to express my appreciation of the honor and pleasure view since it is specifically charged with the important duty of preparing and distributing drugs. of serving as your chairman this year. We who have been granted special privileges and As you know, the House of Delegates is the governing and policy making body of the AMERICAN liberties by law are disturbed when we see the memPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION. All officers and all bers of another profession speak and act as if the inacts of the ASSOCIATION must be approved by this terests of its members are the sole concern of state body. I trust that each of you will enter into all and federal governments in all matters that pertain deliberations with an appreciation of the responsi- to public health. We freely criticize agencies that bilities which you assumed when you were named establish maximum prices and other agencies to represent your ASSOCIATION or society and that that fail to recognize our professional status. We you will act in the spirit of duty to so s h e that the condemn labor organizations that stage sitdown strikes and corporations that give little consideraA. PH. A. and pharmacy may advance. tion to the rights of employees and the public. We PHARMACY-A PROFESSION see these attitudes and activities in other groups and The By-Laws of our ASSOCIATIONdirect that the freely say what we think society should do about Chairman of the House of Delegates “present an organizations which have antisocial concepts of address. . . upon any subject which he deems of their liberties, intmests and responsibilities. We pharmaceutical importance.” I have selected the should be even more ready t o assess our rights to subject “Pharmacy-A Profession” because I be- privileges, liberties and responsibilities as a profession. We should ask ourselves the question, “At what price will the society of today and the future * Address of the Chairman presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH.A,, Cleveland, Ohio, September allow us t o retain our professional liberties?” and 8,1944. then we should seek the true answer.

462

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROFESSION Authorities who have written about the professions and their responsibilities recognize two sets of characteristics, one pertaining to groups and one pertaining to individuals. Variation exists in these characteristics and the emphasis on them in the several professions, but combined, they make a reliable composite. It may be advantageous t o review briefly the characteristics and see how pharmacy measures up to them. The characteristics of a group to meet professional requirements are: 1. A field of science or knowledge and a technique or art held as a common possession, which is extended by common effort, and which has a special and socially significant function that is not and cannot be performed by any other group. Pharmacy has a field of science and a technique, but our science is chiefly the application of the fundamental sciences of chemistry and biology and the chemists and biologists claim credit for all advances in these fields; our techniques have been transferred largely from the individual practitioner t o the manufacturer, and often are carried out without even so much as the supervision of a qualified pharmacist. Likewise the extension of our science and technique is confined chiefly t o industrial iesearch, to research by members of other professions, to a few schools of pharmacy that offer inadequately supported graduate work, and to a pitifully small number of practitioners. We have not succeeded in limiting our science and technique to the qualified members of our profession, as is evident from the fact that in 1943 there were 6655registered hospitals serviced by 4168 full-time and part-time pharmacists. 2. An educational procedure with professional skill objectives and measurable results which represents a constructive participation by the profession in the ordering of education and the advancement of science and technique. The educational procedure consists always of training of a specialized nature which is based on a general education and is often correlated with a term of apprenticeship. Pharmacy in most states has a required educational procedure and a n apprenticeship system. Our education is open to the charge that there are too many weak schools of pharmacy and not enough strong ones. Our apprenticeship system as now constituted is suspected of being a means of securing labor at low cost rather than a means of providing proper training for pharmaceutical practice. 3. A standard of qualifications for entry t o the profession based on competence and character; a standard established at a level that will limit the number who may enter. The restriction of admissions t o certain professions is obviously in the public interest. Pharmacy is one of the professions which serves individuals in personal emergencies. The frequency of these emergencies in a given level of the population is

quite well known and determines the number of people a single pharmacist can serve adequately. Inequalities in distribution and service requirements will occur but an optimum ratio of pharmacists t o population is not difficult to establish. An increase in phanbacists beyond this ratio does not insure superior service and it does not contribute t o pharmaceutical progress; contrarily, it multiplies temptations to commercialize the practice on the grounds that surplus members of the profession must live. Standards for entry into pharmacy operate at the doors of our schools much more significantly than through licensing examinations. Licensure is eff ective in setting up minimum standards only, and in strengthening police powers which may be invoked in cases of malfeasance. It does not operate t o insure that individuals of superior competence and devoted spirit will be drawn into the profession. Consequently. i t is evident that our schools must govern the quality and number of recruits to pharmacy. Although some progress has been made in elevating the educational procedures of pharmacy. it remains true that almost any high-school graduate can gain entry into some school of pharmacy, secure the B.S. in Pharmacy degree, and pass some licensing board to become fully qualified t o practice. The efforts made to promote pharmaceutical education during the war emergency are almost wholly directed t o keeping all schools alive, to encouraging students irrespective of ability t o enroll, with danger of overcrowding the profession again in the future. 4. A standard of conduct in relation to clients, colleagues, and the public founded on honor and courtesy, embodied in a written or implied code of ethics, and enforced by disciplinary measures in a manner evident t o the public. I wish to give special emphasis to the phrase “and enforced by disciplinary measures in a manner evident t o the public” because it is the most important factor in determining the position of any profession in society. Unless we can carry the responsibility of disciplining the practice of pharmacy so that the profession will enjoy prestige and confidence, we cannot expect society t o allow us special privilege and liberty. 5. Recognition of professional status by other sciences and professions and by organized society as a basis of high standing. Pharmacy has not been accorded full recognition by the other sciences and professions or by governmental agencies as we know well. 6. Organization of a majority of the individual members of the professional group on the basis of common interest and social duty rather than economic monopoly. I shall speak of organization in more detail later. The characteristics of individual professional life include: 1. A type of professional activity carried out in a spirit of social responsibility on a high intellectual plane and separated from nonprofessional activities. 2. An activity motivated by service t o mankind,

SCIENTIFIC EDITION not excluding reasonable compensation but in which the profit motive is secondary. 3. A spirit of self-expression which implies a pride in the quality of work performed and a selfimposed high standard of workmanship. 4. A sincere consciousness of social duty, above services rendered for salary or fees, which may be accomplished in part by: (1) Assisting and sharing in advances in professional knowledge; (2) maintaining the standards of the profession and advancing it in public esteem; and (3) giving public service over and above ordinary professional service, in compensation for special advantages of education and a privileged status in society.

463

advancing the profession of pharmacy we recognize this function a s our first objective. This objective cannot be gained by discussion or by passing resolutions. We cannot adequately advance our field of science and technique, order our educational procedure, establish and maintain standards for entry into the profession, enforce a standard of conduct through disciplinary measures in a manner evident to the public, secure recognition of professional status by other sciences, professions, and by organized society, stimulate research, subordinate the profit t o the service motive, or create a n attitude of pride in the individual practitioner except through the resources and power of a large membership. We need only t o note the membership of over 180,000 in t h e American Nurses Association, 123,000 in the American PHARMACY IS A PROFESSION Medical Association, 58,000 in the American Dental We know that within areas certain phases of the Association, and 35,000 in the American Chemical requirements for group recognition a s a profession Society, each representing between 60 and 90 per are partly met by pharmacy. We also know t h a t cent of all qualified practitioners in these fields and thousands of practicing pharmacists fulfill the at- observe the status gained through these organizations tributes of individual professional life. They are for their members to realize this truth. The AMERIforced to carry the burden imposed through the acts CAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION a t the end of its and attitudes of those who do not meet the require- ninetieth year included in membership less than 5 per ments as a group or as individuals. cent of the pharmacists of our country. Under a Within the scope of the activities of pharmacy, mandate from this House of Delegates a n effort has including manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, been made t o secure more members but without a hospital practice, research, teaching, and govern- nationwide campaign. The effort has resulted in mental control, are all gradations between pure pro- an increase but we still have as members less than 10 fessional practice and ordinary business. Our or- per cent of the pharmacists of the United States. ganization on a nationwide basis rdects this condiActive membership in our ASSOCIATIONshould be tion. This will always be true t o a greater or lesser limited t o qualified pharmacists engaged in some extent since the pharmacist renders a professional field of pharmaceutical activity and an associate or service that is almost always embodied in a product similar class of membership should be created for of economic value. Consequently, we need and “other persons interested in the progress of the have separate organizations, namely the AMERI- science and art of pharmacy.’’ We should conduct CAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION and the Na- a nationwide membership campaign, utiliiing every tional Association of Retail Druggists t o protect possible resource for this purpose, based on the creaand advance the professional and economic interests tion of a n attitude that a pharmacist for full prorespectively of pharmacists. This is sound organiza- fessional recognition must be a member of the tion since we cannot seek special privilege and repute A. PH.A. The creation of this attitude has proved as members of a profession and at the same time de- highly successful in other scientific and professional mand trade practices that will give us business pro- bodies. It can be done in pharmacy. tection and profit. This division of organization is I n conclusion, I have attempted t o set forth those particularly sound when the two organizations co- requirements which pharmacists must meet t o seordinate their activities, as has been done through cure and maintain professional recognition as a the integration of their governing bodies, t o achieve group and as individuals. I have attempted t o emsingleness of purpose with the advantages and with- phasize that the price we must pay lies in recognition, out the disadvantages of a single organization. It readjustment, and reorientation t o meet the reis logical that we should have this plan of national sponsibilities created by and imposed by society organization in pharmacy associated with state and and social change. There are many things that we local societies. All of these groups can and should can do to meet these requirements and pay the price, unite in a common effort to advance pharmacy as but the first step that we must take is the organizaa profession. The common effort can only become tion of pharmacists into a coherent national profully effective when a substantial majority of phar- fessional group t o meet the impacts of a dynamic macists become members of their local, state, and society. Organization is necessary t o cultivate the both national associations. professional spirit, t o nurture the ideals of service, t o preserve our liberties, and t o meet our full professional obligations. The substantially complete FUNCTION OF THE A. PH. A. enlistment of qualified pharmacists within the Now confining our attention to the AMERICAN membership of the A. PH.A. before our 100th anniPHAB.MACXTTICAL ASSOCIATION and its function in versary should be our goal,

464

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

Report of the Treasurer" By Hugo H.Scbdefer As reported last year, the depositories are the Baltimore National Bank and Maryland Trust Company. Voucher checks, requiring the signatures of the Secretary and Treasurer, are drawn against the former bank in payment of approved bills. The latter is used as a reserve account for control of receipts t o be apportioned over the period for which it was intended. Since the last report was made, the refund of $9,650.43 in real property tax has been received from the District of Columbia and this amount less $2.007.85 for legal expenses in connection with the tax hearings has been returned t o the Life Membership Fund, a net payment of $7,642.58. U. S. Savings Bonds, Series D, due 3/1/50, are reported t o be $15,000. It should be borne in mind that by carrying these securities a t cost, the yield of $5,000 will not be apparent until maturity. Approximately four years of their ten-year period have now elapsed. The U. S. Savings Bonds, Series F, carried at a cost of $5,550, likewise will show the yield only at maturity. Since the last report was submitted, the following bonds have been sold, as authorized by Council Letter No. 2:

U. S. Bonds, Face Value $87,100. Proceeds $97,733.16 2 */, U. S. Bonds, Face Value $45,300. Proceeds $50,068.80

2

7/1

The proceeds were invested in Series G 2l/~% Bonds, resulting in an increase of approximately $15,000 in the face value of the bonds held, with little change in interest. At the same time, accumulated balances in the various funds, totaling $16,998.78 were also invested in Series G, 2l/2% Bonds. The $200 bond of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Cqmpany, on which interest had remained unpaid for several years, has been sold for the gross amount of $101.93,of which$3,86wasinterest. Inventories are carried a t cost, and the reference library and Historical Museum are carried at the value for which they are insured. The Procter

* Presented t o the House of Delegates, Cleveland, Ohio, September 8, 1944.

A.

PH.A.,

Monument is also carried on the balance sheet at cost. is carried a t The land owned by the ASSOCIATION cost, and that part which was deeded to the AssoCIATION by the Government is now valued at the average price per square foot for that purchased last. There has been an increase of some $51,000.00 in between June 30, total assets of the ASSOCIATION 1943, and June 30, 1944. It should be noted that approximately $15,000.00 of this increase is due to the above-mentioned sale of bonds and $25,000.00 represents a gift from Mr. G. A. Pfeiffer, a good and generous friend of the ASSOCIATION.Thus, $40,000.00 of the increase is nonrecurring in nature activities. This and not due t o normal ASSOCIATION $40,000.00 is also reflected in the increase in Total Deposits and Securities from $232,813.14 of a year ago to $273,701.88 as of June 30, 1944. Except for these changes, the cash standing of the ASSOCIATION has remained about the same. Again, I wish t o point are for out that the securities of the ASSOCIATION the most part ear-marked for special purposes and cannot be used to meet general expenses. Attention is being given at the present time in the Council t o the status of the Life Membership Fund. This year we have 253 Life Members. The Life Membership Fund has $35,500.00 in securities and $1,528.49 in cash, as of June 30, 1944. The income from this Fund for 1943 was $778.70. For 1944 it will be approximately $800.00. This income does not cover the normal dues of 253 life members and would indicate that an increase in Life Membership dues would be warranted as a sound business procedure. The By-Laws of the ASSOCIATIONnow provide that all checks for expenditures must be signed by the Secretary and the Treasurer of the ASSOCIATION. No provision is made for an alternate signature during emergencies when either of these officers is unable t o act. Dr. Kelly's unfortunate illness created such an emergency and by Council action, President checks. Griffith was authorized t o sign ASSOCIATION However, this is a temporary expedient and permanent provision should be made in our By-Laws validating the signature of a third officer of the AsSOCIATION whenever special conditions make i t impossible for either the Secretary or the Treasurer t o function.

SCIENTIFIC EDITION COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEETS-JANUARY

465 AND JUNE 30, 1944

1, 1944,

Tan 1. 1944

ASSETS

Current Funds Treasurer.. .................................................

$

Permanent Funds Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

'

......................................... Centennial. ............................. ................. Ebert Legary ............................................... Ebert Prize ................................................. Life Membership ............................................ Endowed Membership. . . . . . . . . . . ........................ Research ....................... ........................ Franklin M. Apple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .............. George Decker.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24.333.26 200.00 21,509.40 7,370.39 12,784.73 1,116.46 36,010.49 225.56 103,584.06 1,574.07 1,000 .OO

-

Tune 30. 1944

0

34,%3273.11

......

21,609.40 7,628.41 13,129.68 1,130.21 36,253.49 225.56 108,193.34 1,616.16 1,000.00

-

$ 185,375.16

$ 190,686.25

1,377.10 3,186.14 14,722.71 2,530.24 500.00 25,000.00

1,396.29 3,551.03 15,176.43 2,557.74 500.00 25,000.00

Trust Funds Remington Honor Medal. ... ..................... F. B. Kilmer. ................................... Procter Monument.. . . . . . . . . . . ........................

............ ............

..................

$

47,316.19

~S 48,181.49

Fixed Assets

Land ...................................................... Buildings................................................... Landscaping ................................................ Furniture and Fixtures ....................................... Equipment-Laborato ry ..................................... Museum ................................................... Library .................................................... Procter Monument ..........................................

Other Assets Accounts Receivable. ........................................ Inventories ................................................. Deferred Expense: N.F. VII ................................................ R. B. 111................................................. Postage Meter Deposit.. ..................................... Prepaid Insurance ........................................... Total Assets.. ................................................

376,176.99 321.682.39

5,464.12 10,092.75

376,176.99 321,682.39 12,643.08 16,354.77 17,171.77 3,151 .OO 5,464.12 10,092.75

$ 762,736.87

$ 762,736.87

8,947.01 65,336.84

5,966.00 54,282.63

19,142.06 8,545.90

11.577.76 6i012.76 38.93 746.61

...... ......

$ 101,971.81

$1,121,733.29

78,624.69 $1,115,062.44

$

LIABILITIES Accounts Payable: Current .................................................. Mack Printing Company. .................................. Taxes Payable-Social Security. .............................. Deferred Income: Dues and Subscriptions in Advance.. ........................ N . F .VII ................................................ R. B.111 ................................................. Mortgsge Payable ...........................................

9,994.80 22,231.20 6,412.40 36,400.00

662.81

......

251.44 764.30

......

2,898.50 36,400.00

--

.............................................

77,434.02

40,967.05

...................................................

1,044,299.27

1,074,095.39

Total Liabilities.. PRINCIPAL...

627.37 1,615.76 152.49

Total Liabilities and Principal..

............. .................

$1,121,733.29

$ 1,116,062.44

466

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL

ASSOCIATION

SCHEDULE OF DEPOSITS AND SECURITIES-JUNE 30, 1944 DEPOSITS

Current

Baltimore National Bank.. ..................................... Maryland Trust Co.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Permanent Funds . Baltimore National Bank..

$ 20,521.53

39,811.61

.....................................

$ 60,333.14

4,837.25

Trust Funds

................................. Total Deposits.. ............................................

781.49

Baltimore National Bank..

$ 65,951.88

SECURITIES

Permanent Funds

U. S. Savings Bonds Series D . . ................................. U. S. Savings Bonds Series F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U. S. Treasury Bonds Series G, 21/2’%............................ City of Newark, N. J. 5 -1957.. .............................. City of Newark, N. J. 4l/~-1952.. .............................. City of Chattanooga 41/2-1959.. .............................. City of Chattanooga 4a/,-1959.. .............................. City of Detroit 4 -1956 ................................ City of Dallas 41/2-1948.. ..............................

Trust Funds U. S. Treasury Bonds Series G, 2I/t’%.

15,000.00 5,550.00 150,300.00 2,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 5,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00

185,850.00

........................... Total Securities .............................................

$207,750.00

Total Deposits and Securities.. ...........................

$273,701.88

21,900.00

Report of the Secretary* 1943-1944 By C. R. Bohrer

This is a report of the activities of the Secretary’s Office under the direction and supervision of Dr. E. F. Kelly. Unfortunately Dr. Kelly was unable t o prepare the report for this meeting and this is offered as a summary of the work which he has carried on this past year. Since our annual meetings during the emergency have been limited as t o time, and in order to transact all the necessary business, it has been deemed advisable t o condense reports as much as possible. This report will be in keeping with that understanding. The fine cooperation of the Northern Ohio Druggists’ Association, the pharmacists of Cleveland and elsewhere in Ohio has been responsible for this splendid meeting and its excellent arrangements. Appreciation is extended t o all who have taken part in the arrangements and especially is i t desired to

* Presented t o the House of Delegates, A. PH.A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 8, 1944.

thank the members of the Local Convention Committee, the Chairman and Local Secretary for the efforts put forth in making this meeting a success. The December, 1943, issue of the Scientific Edition of the JOURNAL carried the proceedings of the last annual meeting along with the customary information and data on ASSOCIATION activities and the revised roll of members. This procedure will be followed again this year. Many of the activities coming under the direction of the Secretary will be covered by reports,and addresses given by others, including members of the Headquarters Staff. The ASSOCIATION &retary serves as General Manager of the ASSOCIATION and is charged with the executive supervision of its activities, the direction of and responsibility for the headquarters building and staff and the activities of the ASSOCIATION carried on therein as well as functioning as Secretary for the House of Delegates, the General Sessionsand the Council.

SCIENTIFIC EDITION The roll call of accredited and verified delegates shows the following representation in the House of Delegates: 5 sections, 5 affiliated organizations, 7 national associations, 14 local branches, 49 state associations and 16 members of the Council or a total of 96. COUNCIL

A report of the Council given earlier in the meeting (page 456) covered its activities during the past ASSOCIATIONyear. The actions of the Council requiring the attention of the Secretary have been discharged as expeditiously and fully as possible. Nineteen Council letters have been issued the past twelve months. We have worked with the various Committees of the ASSOCIATIONand every possible help has been given to these committees and their chairmen in carrying out their assigned tasks.

HEADQUARTERS BUILDING

467

PUBLICATIONS The editors of the two editions of the JOURNAL have continued to strive toward improving them and we think you will agree that their efforts are proving successful. The revision of the National Formulary is proceeding according to schedule and the latest revision should be published in 1945 as expected. The demand for Pharmaceutical Recipe Book 111 indicates that it is filling a definite need. BULLETIN SERVICE Twenty-five bulletins have been issued during the ASSOCIATIONyear and mailed to state associations, schools and colleges of pharmacy, state boards of pharmacy and pharmaceutical publications, as their special interests indicated. These bulletins supply needed information to these groups with a minimum amount of delay, especially important information on governmental regulations or legislation. The reception accorded these bulletins points out their usefulness. Other committees of the ASSOCIATION including the Committee on the Status of Pharmacists in Government Service have used the office personnel and equipment in sending out many special bulletins.

Activities of the Secretary’s Office and staff have been increased over last year. Reports given by others will indicate the scope and details of this work. Members of the staff have been serving on governmental committeescarrying on work of a confidential LABORATORY nature which does not permit amplification, in addiThe ASSOCIATION laboratory has been busy carrytion to serving as chairmen or members of many A. PR. A. committees. It is hoped that the field of ing out the regular program organized by Director activity and the effectiveness of the ASSOCIATIONPowers as well as doing considerable work requested may be increased in the near future by adding addi- by governmental agencies. Many exhaustive tests have been made in developing replacements in offitional personnel and departments. cial products for those in short supply and in connection with the National Formulary. Although GOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION the laboratory is spacious and well equipped it is The Secretary’s Office has been in constant touch hoped that its facilities can be enlarged, the staff inwith various governmental departments and agen- creased and additions made following the war so cies and has supplied innumerable requests for gen- that the scope of work may encompass pharmaeral information and advice in the health field as cology; bacteriology and other fields. well as those of a specific nature concerning pharmacy, pharmacy laws, pharmacy personnel, drugs, HISTORICAL MUSEUM medical supplies and related subjects. Requests for Many historical articles have been added to the assistance in finding pharmacists for placement in welcomes the government service have been received and Museum this year and the ASSOCIATION gifts of genuine historical value for placement and taken care of as far.as available personnel made possible. Legislation affecting pharmacy has been preservation in the Museum. Until the present carefully followed and, when considered necessary, emergency is over these and other items cannot be contacts have been made with members of Congress, given proper consideration and display, but plans CongressionalCommittee Chairmen,and Committee are being made to do considerable work in the Mumembers to avoid the passage of inimical legislation. seum as soon as practicable in the postwar period. In some instances briefs or statements have been We have the opportunity to make the Museum outoperates the Merfiled with committees during hearings on proposed standing. Since the ASSOCIATION cer Apothecary in Fredericksburg. Virginia,and the legislation. During the past year we have kept in touch with the Food and Drug Administration, the Stabler-Leadbeater Pharmacy in Alexandria, these Bureau of Narcotics, the Alcohol Tax Division, the along with the Pharmacy Exhibit in the Smithsonian Procurement Division of the Treasury Department Institution and the A. Pa. A. Museum should make and other agencies in order to keep posted on the this area a Mecca for pharmacists and others interactivities of these groups and to offer suggestions ested in our profession and its history. concerning changes in regulations or interpretations REFERENCE LIBRARY of existing laws or regulations and to have inEfforts to make the Reference Library one of the formation on developments in these organizations most extensive and complete librariea of its kind available.

468

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

have been continued with many books, periodicals and other publications being added. These include many old volumes as well as recent publications covering pharmacy and allied subjects. Periodicals are regularly received representing nearly every subject and profession in the field of health as well as those published by local, state and national pharmaceutical organizations. Many foreign journals are still being received and others will again be added as soon as restrictions are lifted. The use ofethe Library has increased during the year and no doubt this trend will continue as the Library is built up with new accessions.

MEMBERSHIP Active work in obtaining new members has continued and we are pleased t o report many additions to our rolls. Since the last meeting 43 members have been reported deceased, 75 members resigned and 1676 were dropped for nonpayment of dues. From September 1, 1943 t o August 31, 1944, 1273 active members and 853 associate or student members were elected for a total of 2125. On August 31, 1944, our rolls showed approximately 4781 active members, 259 life members, 17 honorary members, and 1120 associate or student members for a n approximate total of 6177 members

Report of the Committee on War Activities* By C. R. Bobrer

The personnel of the Committee on War Activities for the past year has been H. E. Kendig, Phdadelphia, Pa.; P. H. Costello, Chicago, Ill.; A. G. DuMez, Baltimore, Md.; R. B. Cook, Charleston, W. Va.; C. R. Bohrer, Washington, D. C.; J. W. Dargavel, Chicago, Ill. and E. F. Kelly, Chairman, Washington, D. C. At the Joint Meeting of the Executive Committee of the N. A. R. D. and the Council of the A. P a A., the policy of cooperation between the two associations with respect t o committees dealing with problems and programs of mutual interest was further extended by cross representation on a number of committees. Among those selected was the A. PH.A. Committee on War Activities and Secretary Dargavel was named a member representing the N. A. R. D. Under this arrangement the A. A. C. P., N. A. B. P . , N . A. R. D. and A. PH.A. are all represented. During the Joint Meeting of the N . A. R. D. and A. PH.A. executive bodies the subjects of Procurement and Assignment for Pharmacists and the deferment of pharmacy students were discussed and referred t o tbis Committee for further study and action. No specific resolutions or recommendations were passed during the 1943 Annual Meeting of the A. PH.A. for referral t o the War Activities Committee. However, resolutions were passed covering the support of the war efforts of the United States, postwar employment and re-employment problems, surplus drugs and improvement of working conditions. The Council of the A. PH.A. called the attention of the Committee t o phases of these resolutions which came under the scope of its activities. The Committee met several times during the year t o formulate plans, establish policies and to attempt t o forestall harmful regulations. I n general the ac-

* Presented t o the House of Delegates. A. PB. A.. Cleveland, Ohio, September 8. 1944.

tivities covered five major fields: Pharmaceutical personnel-both students and practicing pharmacists, pharmacies, the supply of drugs and medical supplies. the distribution of government surpluses of drugs and medical supplies and the legal phases of pharmaceutical education and practice. PROCUREMENT AND ASSIGNMENT A Procurement and Assignment Service for pharmacists has been considered at various times by the Committee and early in 1944,this subject was again discussed following its referral at the joint N. A. R. D.-A. PH. A. meeting t o the Committee. It was the consensus of the Committee that Procurement and Assignment for pharmacists on a national scale would not be effective or desirable at present. NATIONAL PHARMACY ADVISORY COMMITTEE Suggestions for a n over-all National Pharmacy Advisory Committee were considered by the Committee. It was brought out that conditions in each state and locality varied greatly and that State Pharmacy Advisory Committees were for this reason in a much better position t o handle such matters. Attention was called to t h e uniformly excellent work done by t h e state committees and the high opinion held of them and their work by many State Selective Service Directors. It was believed inadvisable t o establish a National Pharmacy Advisory Committee under existing circumstances. NATIONAL QUININE P O O L The last report of the National Quinine Pool showed a total of 152,975ounces of cinchona bark and derivatives collected which amount exceeded by over 50 per cent the expectations of the Defense Supplies Corporation or War Production Board. Included in the derivatives received was a substantial amount of quinidine which is reported to be our most critical drug at the present time. Only recently the pharmacists of the United States were

SCIENTIFIC EDITION honored for their donations to the quinine pool throygh a scroll presented to the AMERICANP m MACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION commending them for the work done in conducting the pool and the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science for inaugurating and providing the feasibility of the pool in Pennsylvania.

469

A further amendment to Local Board Memorandum No. 115 was issued March 16, 1944, effective April 4, 1944, withdrawing occupational deferment for registrants ages 18through 25 except those classified as “Necessary men” and endorsed by State Selective Service Directors following the filing of Form 42 A-Special. Registrants ages 26 through 29 classified as “Necessary men” were made eligible PHARMACEUTICAL PERSONNEL for deferment while the application of “Necessary SLudent Deferment.-At the time of our meeting men” was made less strict for registrants ages 30 and in Columbus, pharmacy students were eligible for over. On April 11.1944, a release from Selective Service deferment provided they were certified by the School or College as being competent, that they gave prom- carried information that the restrictions against deise of successful completion of the course of study ferment of registrantsages 18 through25 asset forth and that the student would graduate within twenty- in previous amendments were not applicable until July 1,1944, to students in specified fields who would four months from the date of certification. On January 6, 1944, Activity and Occupation graduate before that date. Pharmacy students Bulletin 33-6, was amended so that only such under- were included in the list, this action placing them graduate pharmacy students graduating on or be- back on the same status which existed following the fore July 1, 1944, were eligible for deferment with amendment of January 6, 1944. An additional amendment to Local Board MemoFebruary 15, 1944, as the effective date. Officials of Selective Service War Manpower Commission, randum No. 115 was released May 12, 1944. This The National Scientific and Professional Roster amendment placed registrants in three age groups, and others were immediately contacted in an effort 18 through 25, 26 through 29, and 30 through 37, to get the amendment rescinded or modijied. The stating that these groups would be called in that Committee was informed that there was no change order because of the need for physically fit men in in attitude toward pharmacy, that it was still classi- the younger age groups by the Armed Forces. In fied as a profession and as an essential occupation, the age groups 18 through 25 only those “Necessary but that information indicated that pharmaceutical men” were eligible for deferment after &g Form services could be continued on a safe basis with ex- 42-A-Special and receiving endorsement of the isting personnel in the profession. that no reports State Selective Director. Registrants ages 26 had been received indicating a lack of such service through 29 were eligible for deferment if necessary in any state, and that pharmacists in practice could and engaged in war production or in an activity take care of additional professional needs by devot- supporting national health, safety or interest. ing more time to those services and less to nonpro- Registrants in the 30 to 37 age group were eligible fessional work. Also that the need of the Armed for deferment if regularly engaged in the same purForces for younger men was so great that few, if any suits. The production of drugs, and pharmaceutical, educational, technical, scientific, and management groups, would be considered for deferment. Through the Executive Committee of the A. A. services were included in the list of “Essential OcC. P. complete statistics covering the number of stu- cupations.” SLudents.-The effect of the war and Selective dents in the senior class of all colleges or schools. the time of graduation and draft status were re- Service regulations on the student body in Schools ceived and presented to Selective Service, This re- and Colleges of Pharmacy is rdected in the followport showed that an extension of time from July to ing data. Student enrollment in 1940 and 1941 was December would permit all the seniors to graduate approximately 8800. Attendance dropped to and that a three months’ extension would allow around 7000 in the fall of 1942; to approximately graduation of a majority. It was urgently requested 4300 in the spring of 1943; to approximately 3600 by that extension be made, but this was denied on the fall of 1943; and to about 2700 in the spring of 1944. grounds that many other groups would ask for like Since July 1, no pharmacy student has been eligible extension, the granting of which would defeat the for deferment and until the regulations are amended, purpose of the amendment. The Committee has pharmacy students will be largely limited to 4 F’s kept in touch with Selective Service on Student De- and women who in pharmacy schools numbered ferment with the hope that it might change its posi- 1600 in the spring of 1944. The average normal number of pharmacy gradution regarding pharmacy students. Occupational Deferment.-National Headquarters ates has been between 1600 and 1700 which number, Selective Service amended Local Board Memoran- along with others eligible for examination, has been dum No. 115, on January 6,1944, effective February sufficient to supply normal replacements. It has 1, 1944. This amendment withdrew occupation been estimated from actuarial figures that the nordeferment for registrants between the ages of 18and mal replacement is 2.6 per cent or about 2100 per 21 except in cases recommended by State Selective year. N. A. B. P. data for pharmacists registered by Service Directors following filing of Form 42-A- examination show 2277 for 1938, 2292 for 1939, Special. 2387 for 1940,2258 for 1941,2293for 1942 and 2344

470

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

for 1943 by examination and legislation, indicating t h a t even with a 10 per cent duplication, the normal replacements have been met during these years. It is evident that the pressure of insufficient replacements will continue to grow, with graduates not t o exceed 500 per year in sight, until regulations are changed. The sharp reduction in the number of students may force some colleges of pharmacy to close before the war is over. Others may suffer faculty losses which will limit or hamper their activities now and who will be difficult to replace later on. PHARMACEUTICAL PERSONNEL IN PRACTICE Pharmacies.-In 1940 the census report showed 81,924 pharmacists actively engaged in practice. Of this number 72,000 were engaged in practicing in 57,903 pharmacies or retail drug stores. The census report then indicates a n average of 1.25pharmacists per pharmacy at that time. It is expected that with the Armed Forces reaching their maximum strength, about 14,000 or 17 per cent of the personnel from active practice are in uniform. This figure deducted from the 82,000 number shown in 1940 leaves 68,000 pharmacists in active practice. Applying the 2.6 per cent replacement figure furnished by actuarial sources, we find about 1700 pharmacists needed t o maintain the present level of pharmaceutical services. Of this number we can expect an estimate of about 300 or 400 from eligible persons in addition t o college graduates. As indicated before, 500 is about the maximum to be expected through college graduation giving a n expected replacement of 800 or 900 against a need of approximately 1700. Accurate figures on the reduction in number of pharmacies or drugstores since 1940 are not available. In 1940, 87 per cent or 72,000 of the 82,000 active pharmacists were engaged in retail practice. With 14,000 pharmacists now in the service the number in active practice at present is about 68,000. If the same figures apply 87 per cent of the 68,000 or 59,000 are now engaged in retail pharmacy. Provided a 10 per cent loss in retail pharmacies is correct this would make a n average of 1.14 pharmacists per each pharmacy of the remaining 52,000. Should the figure of 10,000 closures be correct there are 1.2 pharmacists per pharmacy of the remaining 48,000. These remaining pharmacies and retail pharrbacists are filling more prescriptions and supplying more drugs, medical supplies and other health needs than a much larger number did in 1940. It is evident that pharmacy is close t o the point where further reduction in personnel and in detail pharmacies may seriously affect adequate pharmaceutical service for the civilian population. .Post War.-Pharmaceutical personnel in the postwar period is largely conjecture as there are too many variable factors. The length of the war, the number of casualties among pharmacists, the number remaining in the Armed Forces after the war,

'

the percentage of returning pharmacists going into other vocations, the number of closed pharmacies re-opened and the number of new ones established will all be contributing factors. A recent 'press release quoted General Hershey as stating that, following victory over Germany, it was probable that one to two million men would be released from the Army. There are roughly 1000 pharmacists per million men in the service at present. If pharmacists are discharged in the same proportion as other men this would mean the return t o civilian life of from one t o two thousand pharmacists as soon as they could be demobilized. The shortage of pharmacists in the postwar period can be estimated a number of different ways and the answer received will depend upon what basic factors are used. As stated previously, these must be largely assumed. An attempt will be made t o project some possibilities. It is assumed t h a t 10,000 pharmacists out of the 14,000 in the Armed Forces will return to active practice at the close of the war. This is based upon a n estimated postwar permanent military and naval establishment of approximately four million with the same percentage of pharmacists in the permanent establishment as are now in the Armed Forces, namely, 1000 pharmacists per million men. It will also be assumed that the war will last through 1945 and 1946. We will estimate that the supply of pharmacists registering annually will be 500 graduates and 350 from other sources, giving 850 each year or a total of 1700. Assuming that 52,000 pharmacies are maintained during this time with the present average of 1.14 pharmacists per drug store or 59,000, the normal replacement figure applied gives us a replacement of 1500. The annual replacement for other services outside of retail pharmacy maintained at present levels would be approximately 200 making a total of 1700 or 3400 for the two-year period against a supply of 1700 indicating a shortage of 1700. This reduces the estimated total number in active practice from 68,000 to 66,300 at the close of 1946. If 52,000 pharmacies remain with 87 per cent of the pharmacists of 57,000 employed in them there would be 1.09 Pharmacists per store at the end of 1946. The net shortage at the beginning of 1947 may be estimated as follows: If we consider pharmacy on the 1940 basis with 82,000 pharmacists engaged in active practice in all phases of pharmacy the normal replacement in 1945 and 1946 would be 4200. Normal replacement for 2 years. ............. . a 0 0 Pharmacists remaining in Armed Forces.. .....4000

-

8200 Registrants in 2 years.. .................... .1700 Shortage at end of 1946 needed to place pharmacy on 1940 level.. ............... 6500 This estimated 6500 shortage would give us 75,500 pharmacists in active practice in 1947 after the return of 10,OOO pharmacists from the Armed Forces.

S c m m x c EDITION If 87 per cent were in retail pharmacy we would then have approximately 65,000 so engaged. Should the number of drugstores remain a t present levels there would be an average of 1.25 pharmacists per drugstore. If many pharmacies now closed or new ones opened the average would naturally drop. As stated previously, the answers obtained in trying to solve postwar personnel problems or to estimate what they will be, will vary in wide proportion depending upon what period in pharmacy is used as a basis and what estimated figures are used in making calculations. However, it is evident that should pharmacy return to its 1940 status or one approximating it, several years after the end of the war will be needed to reach this point.

SUPPLY OF DRUGS AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES Reports from various sources indicate that during the past year an adequate supply of drugs and medicines has been available for civilian needs in spite of the enormous demand of the Armed Forces. It has been said that the health of our nation is a t the highest level in our history and the availability of adequate amounts of the right medicine a t the right place and time has undoubtedly been an important factor in bringing about this condition. Credit for this condition must be given to governmental planning agencies, producers, manufacturers, wholesalers and other distributors and retail pharmacists. Where some items have been in short supply, satisfactory replacements have been found or developed. While shortages in a few items have been reported, these have, in most instances, not been definite shortages, but have been local in character principally due to distribution difficulties. Regardless of the reported increase in the number of prescriptions filled and the amount of drugs and medical supplies furnished the civilian population, these enlarged demands have evidently been taken care of in an efficient manner. Pharmacy is fortunate in that producers and manufacturers will not be faced with serious conversion problems after the war. In many instances manufacturing capacity and facilities have been greatly increased over the prewar period. In the opinion of the Committee, pharmacy should not suffer from any stoppage of the flow of essential commodities after the war due to conversion difficulties. The transition from war to peace should be marked by increased supplies in many categories and with many new products available early in the postwar period. GOVERNMENT SURPLUS STOCKS OF DRUGS AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES Under the existing plans for the disposal of surplus governmental stocks, drugs and medicines prepared or packaged and for sale to retail outlets or institutions have been assigned to the Procurement Division, Treasury Department for disposal. Chemicals packaged for delivery to retail outlets, thermometers,

471

professional and scientsc instruments and apparatus, toiletries, cosmetics, soap, household chemical preparations, catgut and wormgut are included in those assigned to the Procurement Division of the Treasury. Crude medicinal herbs, roots, barks and other plant parts not U. S. P., N. F., or similar grades, drugs and medicines in bulk which are unfinished or require processing or packaging not ordinarily done by a wholesale or retail establishment, petroleum and coal products except raw materials for chemical industries, are to be handled by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Marine liver oil, derivatives and preparations (except concentrates in solution), vitamins, vitaminactive compounds and preparations containing one or more vitamins, oils fats, waxes and derivatives (both animal and vegetable) are to be handled by the War Food Administration. The Committee has offered its assistance to officials in the Procurement Division and has had several conferences with them.

PHARMACISTS IN GOVERNMENT SERVICE Many pharmacists have been, and are being, utilized in governmental agencies where their education and experience have been.of much value in all matters pertaining to drugs, medical supplies, pharmaceutical services and personnel, and many broad problems affecting the health of our Armed Forces and the civilian population. Numbers of pharmacists are in key positions in governmental agencies or are members of important committees, and much credit is due these men of our profession who are helping in important phases of the war. These groups include the War Production Board, National Research Council, Office of Price Administration, Office of Economic Warfare, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, Foreign Economic Administration, Bureau of Narcotics, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration and others.

.

PHARMACISTS IN THE ARMED FORCES According to reports, pharmacists in the Armed forces have given a good account of themselves when placed in positions where their professional abilities could be utilized. Their work has been praised by the services. Pharmacists have,also been selected to work in allied health fields serving as bacteriologists, laboratory techpicians, X-ray operators, surgical assistants, anesthetists and other health specialties. Where given an opportunity, the average pharmacist in the Armed Forces has proved his ability and helped lay the ground for greater recognition of pharmacy and a more widespread use of its abilities. Unfortunately, there are pharmacists in the Armed Forces assigned to tasks not even remotely connected with their training and abilities, while men with little or no training are reported to be engaged in pharmaceutical duties. The Committee has striven to correct these conditions by requesting

472

JOURNAL OF THE Armmcm H P A R M A C A E U L T I

assignment of these men to the Medical Department in work as closely connected as possible with pharmacy within the limitations and needs of the services. These efforts were fairly successful until combat units were completely trained, organized and manned following which time the matter of transfers was no longer considered practicable unless recommended by commanding officers.

ASSOCIATION

G.I. BILL S 1767, now Public Law No. 346. and commonly called the G.I.Bill or G.I. Bill of Rights, is of interest because of its provisions for the education of veterans and other features. This law will be more completely discussed in other reports. Members of the Committee have conferred with the head of the Veterans Administration and the Director of Vocational Rehabilitation concerning pharmacy’s part in the educational program for veterans. The assistance of the Committee and the organizations they iepresent was proffered to the Administration Officials and various suggestions for cooperation were discussed. The education offered to veterans under the G. I. Bill seems to offer some solution to the personnel problems facing pharmacy. While no figures are available it is estimated that there are several thousand students who were called into service prior to graduation. Accurate data, including the distribution in the freshmen, sophomore, junior and senior classes, should afford some index as to what can be expected from this source, provided a fair percentage return to college to finish their course and graduate. In addition, there will no doubt be many veterans who will choose pharmacy as a profession and enter college as freshmen.

Memorandum No. 115 as amended May 12, 1944. It was stated that any great change in the calls of the Armed Forces due to changing conditions might necessitate altering the present policies. U. S. Public Health Service-Federal Security Agency.-No present or anticipated activity affecting the professional activities of pharmacists was reported. Appreciation was expressed for the cooperation given in the recruitment campaign for the Student Cadet Nurse Corps. U. S. O@e of Education-Federal Security Agency.-The principal activity of this office having to do with postwar planning was stated to be the stimulation of conferences among institutions of higher education for the purpose of thinking through their postwar adjustments and perfecting adequate plans. The Office of Education is cooperating with educational associations in setting up state wide conferences with small planning committees which in turn organize several working groups around various topics such as counselliig for veterans, college credit for armed service courses, re-adjustments in the economic curricula and the like. Reports from these groups are then used as a basis of discussions in large state wide conferences of faculty representatives of colleges and universities within a state. So f a r , twenty-eight states are in the process of carrying out such plans with the contribution of the Office of Education being voluntary and on invitation only. A Conference Work Book has been prepared by that office which is available to the Conference if desired. It was the expreshd opinion that professional schools like pharmacy were many times too scattered to afford effective participation in the conferences described. It was stated that although their problems were somewhat ditferent from colleges of arts that their problems of adjustment would confront them in the same manner. The participation in the state-wide conferences might be open to question but colleges of pharmacy should raise among themselves the same question that colleges in general raise. The hope was expressed that the time would come when the Officeof Education would be in a position to work more effectively with associations like the A. Pn. A. A w i G a n Couttcil on E&ation.-The following letter was received from the American Council on Education:

PROJECTED ACTIVITIES IN GOVERNMENT Prior to writing this report a number of governmental agencies were sent a request foi information concerning their present and projected activities which might affect or be of interest to pharmacy. Replies received carried the following information: Selectiwe ServiccNationul Heudquarters.-There hw been no change in the general policy of the Selective Service System in connection witb occupational deferments since the issuance of Local Board

“The American Council on Education has no information further than that which has been issued in the Bulletin, Higher Education and National Defense. “We will be very much interested in the results of your Cleveland conference especially in the light of the Study now being carried on by the Committee on Education of the House of Representatives. As you perhaps know, I have been asked to serve as Director of this Study. I should l i e very much to have your frank reaction as to whether or not 50me form of federal legislation can assist your schools of pharmacy in maintaining themselves during the

LEGAL PHASES OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE Some efforts have already been made to lower the legal standards of pharmaceutical education and practice. The Committee has furnished information of a helpful nature in some states to assist in combating these efforts. Reports indicate that State Boards of Pharmacy have been active in protecting the public health by enforcing pharmacy laws. They are to be complimented for their vigilance during the emergency. No doubt this vigilance will be continued and the Committee urges every pharmaceutical organization and group to continue to give State Boards their support and cooperation.

SCIENTIFIC EDITION present period. What kind of activities or services could t h e institutions carry forward if federal funds were provided. I hope that you will prepare a definite and concrete statement and I assure you that i t will have very serious consideration at t h e next meeting of our Advisory Committee.”

473

“Regarding the availability of drugs, I believe that the future looks bright. A great many of our problems are behind us. The “sulfa” drug supply is very ample. Bismuth chemicals, Magnesium Salts, Aluminum Salts, Arsenicals, Belladonna, Atropine, Hyoscine, Ergot, Agar, Iodides, Bromides, Mercurials-are in much better supply. PharmaThe Committee is of the opinion t h a t these sug- cists need have no fear of supplies on these items. “The glass container situation has eased so that gestions be given careful study, especially b y the A. A. C. P. and that t h e statement requested be drug manufacturers are receiving adequate supplies of glass containers which will prevent any shortages submitted as soon as possible. Unless funds are from a glass container standpoint. However, the available from outside sources many schools or col- paper situation remains critical and shipping conleges of pharmacy may be forced t o close before the tainers are a serious problem. Pharmacists should end of the war and others suffer damage which will save and return shipping containers. Wrapping paper must be conserved. take many years t o repair. “The vitamins, with the exception of Nicotinic Procurement Division-Treasury De$artment.Acid, Nicotinamide and Vitamin A, are in good The communication received from the Procurement supply. The three mentioned will continue t o be available but quantities will not be unlimited. Division follows in full: “Penicillin has had wide publicity. We must “I have for acknowledgment your letter dated remember that Penicillin is a new drug-even in August 7, 1944, in which you request certain infor- peacetime, it takes many months from the original mation concerning the activities of t h e Office of announcement until a new product is commercially Surplus Property as may be of general professional available. Production of Penicillin is increasing interest t o pharmacists. You state that this infor- but demands for military use must be met. In mation is desired in connection with the report of order t o meet urgent civilian needs, a limited amount the War Activities Committee of the AMERICAN has been released t o a carefully selected list of hosPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATIONto be made at t h e pitals. As soon as production increases substanWar Conference of the ASSOCIATIONscheduled t o tially, t h e limited distribution, through the War Production Board Penicillin Civilian Distribution be held in Cleveland on September 6, 1944. “Initially, I should like t o state that every efTort Unit, will be discontinued and normal commercial possible will be put forth by this office of adhering distribution will be instituted. It will be several to t h e general policy of selling medicinals only months before production will support commercial through regular trade channels. This is important distribution of Penicillin. “Quinidine is our most critlcal drug. Additional so as t o minimize as much as possible t h e impact on industry, and t o keep these stocks out of t h e hands supplies may be obtained from Central and South of so-called “speculators” and other outsiders whose American bark, but the quantities will be very sole interest may be only for profit purposes. Close limited. Quinidine may be sold only on prescripcontact will be maintained with the several pharma- tion for cardiac disorders and not more than 150 ceutical trade associations and their advice and grains may be dispensed on a prescription. Prerecommendations will at all times be given due scriptions may not be refilled. “Pharmacists may purchase a total of two ounces consideration. Their assistance will be highly important in view of the enormity of this disposal task. in bulk, tablet or capsule without War Production “It shall be t h e purpose of this office to work Board authorization. If larger quantities are required, pharmacists should make application on closely with t h e AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATIONso that the health and welfare of t h e Form WPB-2945. The forms, a request for allocapublic is adequately protected. No expense will be tion under Order M-131, are t o be sent t o the Drugs spared in t h e testing of pharmaceuticals t o insure and Cosmetics Branch, Chemicals Bureau, Washthat no substandard merchandise is placed in any ington, D. C. “Quinine is not available for civilian use except outlet channel. The facilities of t h e Food and Drug Administration will be used t o the fullest for &pul medication in t h e treatment of malaria, extent. We shall not hesitate t o destroy all stocks and for hardship cases in treating Myotonia Conwhich have deteriorated regardless of original genita and certain other diseases approved by the acquisition cost. Plans are now being formulated National Research Council. “Totaquine, a mixture of the cinchona alkaloids whereby medical officers of t h e Army, Navy and such other medical services of the Government as is available for civilian use as a n antimalarial required, will investigate, study and report on all Totaquine is available in bulk and in dosage forms. preparations deemed of questionable therapeutic The dosage forms (5-grain capsules and tablets) value at time of disposal. The previous extensive may be acquired from pharmaceutical houses in use of such medicinals by the military services will any quantity without War Production Board authorization, but a certificate of intended use must acbe a guiding factor in these determinations. “The basic principles outlined above are, we company the purchase order t o supplier. Bulk believe, generally in line with your recommendaquantities in excess of 8 ounces require specific tions as expressed previously t o this office. I shall authorization from the War Production Board be pleased t o furnish any additional information on Supplies of totaquine are ample for all antimalarial this subject as may be required by t h e AMERICAN needs. “Totaquine is an effective antimalarial and PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION.” pharmacists in malarious areas should advise their War Production Board.-The following communi- physicians that they have adequate quantities for cation was received from the War Production civilian antimalarial use. I trust that this informaBoard, Drugs and Cosmetics Branch, Chemicds tion will be helpful t o your conference.” Bureau: Veterans Administration.-The Veterans Ad‘‘I hope that you will have an opportunity to ministration stated that: thank the Pharmacists of America, for their splendid, “As of July 1, 1944, the Veterans Administration patriotic contribiitioti to the ?VationaI Quinine Pool. has approximately &5,5,800 available beds in ninety-

474

JOURNAL OF TH& AMIERZCAN

PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

four Facilities. At the present time these are emloying 128 pharmacists classified as Pharmacists $ and S-1 and Pharmacists Assistants. It is contemplated that by t h e 30th of June, 1946, this Administration will have 180,000 available beds. This in itself would entail additional pharmacist personnel in order to give the veterans adequate medical treatment. “It is contemplated that the increase in pharmacist personnel will be gradual, as t h e additional bed capacity for our Facilities increase. “It is desired t o express appreciation for your continued interest in pharmacy as concerned with th e Administration.” Ofice of Price Administration.-The reply from the Office of Price Administration t o the inquiry of the Committee stated that at the present time no major changes were contemplated in price regulations governing the major categories of commodities sold by pharmacists. Efforts toward compliance with regulations had been stressed in recent weeks

and these efforts would be continued with more emphasis upon cooperation between local OPA representatives and retail pharmacists. It was suggested that the A. PH.A. and its members could be of great help in emphasizing the common stake which every person has in avoiding the economic chaos which would result from unchecked inflation. Individual pharmacist’s greatest help would be to make sure that regulations were followed, especially with respect to buying and selling prices, posting prices of cost of living commodities and the filing of ceiling prices with local boards where required. The statement was made that surveys made by district offices in the past few months indicated that pharmacists as a group had cooperated very well with OPA and the hope was expressed that, through a better understanding of common objectives and by friendly combined efforts, compliance would soon reach 100 per cent.

Report of the Committee on Social and Economic Relations* By A. H. Ubl Shortly after accepting the chairmanship of this Committee last May. Dr. Kelly suggested that I spend a few days in Washington going over some phases of the work t o which this Committee might be expected t o direct its attention. One of the many problems that seems t o demand some solution is the place of pharmacy in public health programs, but with special regard t o pending legislation. With this in mind, meetings were held with the officers of the ASSOCIATION, representatives of various government agencies and others whom we thought interested in the problem. As all of you know, public health programs are not new to this country. They have been discussed for many years and in some States, i. G., in Pennsylvania, they have been realized in a more or less restricted way. Whenever plans concerning a public health program are to be made or are t o be considered, we must keep in mind that there are two kinds of plans which must be thoroughly difEerentiated. These are (1)public relief with special regard to the restoration of health and (2) health insurance. The first kind, public relief, which was taken care of t o a very great extent by private charity in earlier times, has been recognized during the last decades as a duty of the state and/or the federal government, until at the present time there is scarcely any practical objection to it as a method of caring for the indigent. As f a r as the pharmacists are concerned,

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH.A., Cleveland. Ohio, September 8, 1944.

they have learned to work within the framework of this relief work which after all does not mean too much to them within their business as a whole. The second kind of public welfare program goes under the rubric of compulsory health insurance. Since it is compulsory, the state authority has a part in it quite as it has in public relief. There is a very important difference however. I n the case of relief it is a kind of alms given to the needy with all the more or less humiliating connotations of this kind of procedure. In the case of compulsory health insurance, the insured person gets his medical and medicinal care as his right because of the payment of his insurance fees. It is this latter kind of program which at present is provoking much controversy in the United States and which has been laid before Congress in the form of the Wagner-Murray-Dingell Bill. Whatever the fate of this bill may be, we may b e sure that the fight, even if it is defeated, will not be over. Dr. Robert P. Fischelis then Chairman of the Committee in his excellent report to the House of Delegates in 1943 surveyed in great detail the meaning and interpretation of the Wagner Bill,and commented rather fully on its possible effect on pharmacy. H e distinguishes between the pharmacist’s right as a citizen to agree or disagree with the principles on which the bill is based and the pharmacist’s duty as a professional man to render a service justifying his place in society not only for today but for tomorrow as well. It is to this latter capacity that each of us must answer certain fundamental questions to the satisfaction of ourselves and of society.

SCIENTIFIC EDITION If there should be a system of regimented medical and medicinal care, what type should be preferred, one that gives administration and control to governmental agencies or one that makes the phannaceutical (and medical) services the duty and responsibility of the profession concerned, i . c., of selfadministrative pharmaceutical (and medical) bodies? Is the present setup of American pharmacy in general the best possible from the point of view of providing the public with drugs and accessories? If not, what should be changed and how should these changes be brought about? Would these changes work out efficiently within a system of regimented medical and medicinal care? If not, what changes would be recommendable and acceptable to the profession? These, it seems to me, are the most important questions. It is apparent that to attempt to answer them would only open, not close, the discussion and the detail work to be done. Further, the work of Dr. Fischelis briefly reviews the English Beveridgeplan. This plan is much more comprehensive in scope than the Wagner-MurrayDingell Bill. One phase should be of particular interest to all of us, i. e., that the latter, although the insurance contributions are based merely on that part of income not exceeding $3000.00, makes every employed person and self-employed individual subject to the planned insurance irrespective of his or her income. Since the families of the insured are to a great extent participating in the insurance benefits, there is not much de facto difference as far as the coverage of the populace is concerned between the Wagner-Murray-Dingell Bill and the English

475

Beveridge Plan which frankly admits the intention to include every individual Britisher. Although its definite shape is still uncertain, there seems little doubt but that it will eventually be adopted in some form. It is most gratifyiig that the official comment of the English government released in February of this year as the so-called “White Paper” expressly accepted the “full recognition of the pharmacist in principle and in practice as the only person competent to have responsibility for pharmaceutical matters.” (Pharm. Journ., 152,p. 83.) It is believed that similar recognition should be insisted upon in any legislation adopted for compulsory health insurance in this country if it is to be acceptable to American pharmacy. This Committee, as well chosen as its members may be, cannot really exhaust the problem without the cooperation of the profession at large. It is for this reason that I intend to send copies of the report of Dr. Fischelis, together with this report to the Secretaries of the State Pharmaceutical Association and to other individuals outside of this Committee in order to obtain their reaction and suggestions. It is understood that all material pertaining to the problem of the position of pharmacy within any compulsory health insurance system will continue to be collected and that the development will be carefully watched. I sincerely hope and believe that American pharmacy will be equal to this problem as it has been to all others that it has encountered in the past.

Report of the Committee on Policy and Planning* By Robert P.Fiscbelis The Committee on Long Range Program of Policy, headed last year by Dr. Glenn L. Jenkins, your presiding officer, presented at the Columbus meeting a comprehensive statement of the policies of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION as set forth in resolutions passed a t annual conventions over a long period of years. The Committee went further. It summarized its views as to the conditions which pharmacy will have to face in the postwar era. It also set forth eleven objectives which it considered necessary of attainment. Finally the Committee presented in the form of proposed resolutions its recommendations to the House of Delegates for certain declarations of policy on the part of the ASSOCIATION.These resolutions were adopted and, a t present, they constitute the AMERIcan PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION’S declared policy on the issues named.

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH.A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 8, 1944.

A. PH. A. OBJECTIVES We believe it to be important to re-state the eleven objectives submitted by this Committee last year as necessary of attainment. They are quoted verbatim herewith.

1. We must maintain the high standards wtablished in pharmaceutical education. 2. We must prevent overcrowding of the profession through the licensing of an excessive number of graduates of our colleges in the period following the war. 3. We must take steps to prevent the licensure of those who have not had adequate education and experience from entering into the practice of pharmacy. 4. We must give fair and equitable credit for education and experience in the armed forces. 5. We must remove bureaucratic control from pharmacy so that the American system of free enterprise may be maintained. 6. We must substantially secure the limitation of the distribution of drugs and medicines to qualified pharmacists. 7. We must seek more aggressively to secure representation for pharmacy in governmental

476

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN PAARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

agencies, scientific bodies, and interprofessional groups. 8. We must find means t o limit the sale of manufactured drug products to pharmacies. 9. We must stimulate and find means t o provide for a higher plane of professional and scientific conduct and practice by all pharmacists. 10. We must establish means t o disseminate more fully information about the public health services of the pharmacist t o the people and t o scienti6c groups and professions. 11. We must find means t o improve the working conditions and the compensation of employee pharmacists so that the profession will attract highly qualified recruits.

the ASSOCIATION has set for itself by resolutions and implication b u t which for one reason or another have never reached fruition.

OBJECTIVES TO BE ACHIEVED Organizations like ours get into the habit of concentrating thought on their problems once a year when the members have an opportunity t o meet and exchange views, but failing t o provide for translation of their conclusions into a program of action by means of which the announced objectives become realities. Accomplishment in this direction requires The Committee closed its report with four recom- leadership, funds and personnel. It is futile t o instruct the officers of an association to carry on studies mendations, as follows: or promote activities without providing funds and 1. That either this committee or a subcommittee of it study the status and membership of the House manpower to carry out the tasks assigned. The ASSOCIATION has been of Delegates for the purpose of determining whether AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL under its present organizational structure the House very generous with the time of its office s t d and of Delegates can effectuate the purposes for which volunteer committee workers. It has long been it was designed, namely, as the legislative body of clear t h a t some of the accomplishments which the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION.If the House of Delegates is not properly set up, the American Pharmacy expects of the AHERICAN study should reveal any changes necessary. PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION cannot be realized 2. That the entire question of membership and without a n expansion of paid personnel and a n inqual5cations for membership in the ASSOCIATION be studied for the purpose of determining whether creased income. At the same time, some of these voting membership should be limited on the basis activities have been undertaken b y others with funds of professional qualifications. which might just as well have been contributed 3. That since the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL for the same purpose t o the A. PH.A: and thus asASSOCIATION will celebrate its hundredth anniversary in 1952, and since pharmacy is in need of an sured the initiation of the activity under the ausintegrated program, this committee draw up a pices generally recognized as the most unselfish and program of these objectives which we plan to pursue the most respected which American Pharmacy has to and execute before our centennial anniversary. Offer. 4. That the name of this committee be changed Whenever any worth-while activity is launched in from “Long Range Program of Policy Committee” behalf of American Pharmacy its success, sooner or to “Policy and Planning Committee.” later, depends upon the degree of participation of OBJECTIVES ACCOMPLISHED the A. PH.A. We must overcome whatever barrier Taking up these recommendations, in reverse may exist which prevents origination of such activiorder, we can report that the change of name of the ties under the aegis of the A. PH.A. Taking up the announced objectives of the committee t o the Committee on Policy and Planning has been adopted. Furthermore, th; Council at its A. PH.A. as set forth in the 1943 report of this comDecember, 1943, meeting voted to make this com- mittee and action taken thereon by the ASSOCIATION mittee a revolving committee of 9 members with a t Columbus, we now propose the following action three-year terms with the terms of three members looking toward solid accomplishment and emergence of this ASSOCIATION, by the time it celebrates its expiring each year. To effect this purpose, President Griffith appointed Messrs. Evans, Fischelis and 100th anniversary, as the recognized leading force Kelly for three-year terms expiring in 1946; Messrs. in the preservation and promotion of the Practice Cook, Dunning and Rogers for two-year terms ex- of Pharmacy for the benefit of the public health and piring in 1945; and Messrs. Faxon, Foote and welfare. I n taking this action, we do not seek to reO’Connell for one-year terms expiring in 1944. Mr. place or reduce the effectiveness of any other organization or organizations serving the profession of Faxon found it impossible to serve and he has been replaced by Lt. Col. J. G. Noh. Hereafter the in- pharmacy or commerce in useful drugs. We seek coming president will appoint 3 members annually merely to become more effective in bringing about a for three-year terms t o replace the 3 members whose realization of the hopes and expectations of pharmaterms expire. cists, members of related professions, and the public I n the third recomniendation approved at Colum- with respect t o our rightful place in the promotion bus, this Committee was charged with the duty of of the public health and adequate medical care. We drawing up an integrated program of the objectives recognize the importance of other professional and to be pursued and executed by the A. PH.A. before trade associations. We mean t o cooperate with the centennial anniversary t o be celebrated in them within the limits of our own objectives and de1952. We take i t that what was meant by these clared policies. Time and again, we have been confronted with instructions to the Committee was the production of a practical program of action which is to culmi- the difficulty of assembling facts upon which t o base nate in the fulfillment by 19.52 of objectives which action. Other professions, Federal and State

SCIENTIFIC EDITION

*

Governments and we ourselves have groped in the dark when answers were sought to problems directly affecting t h e status of pharmacy. This must be remedied and the remedy lies in the promotion of certain fact-finding studies. Such studies require not only the assembling of data but also thek interpretation. I n the interpretation, we must not be placed in the position of being accused of selfishness or bias. Therefore the fact-finding committees must include representatives of other professions, health officials and the public, as well as pharmacists.

PROPOSED STUDIES We propose that as a start one, two or all three of the following fact-finding studies be undertaken as soon as possible and that it be made a part of the duty of the administrative officers of the A. PH.A. to secure the funds and personnel with which to carry on such study or studies. Study No. 1 .-An over-all survey of the Pharmaceutical Services supplied to the people of the United States through retail pharmacies and the development of recommendations for maintaining such services at the highest level of efficiency for the benefit of the public. Such a survey will include determination of the validity of objectives 1, 2, 3, 4 and 11 covered in last year’s report. Study No. 2.-A survey of the extent t o which present laws and regulations are adequate in providing protection for the people of the United States in the matter of distribution of drugs and medicines. This will include a study and analysis of State and Federal laws controlling drug distribution and a determination of the most efficient methods for utilizing the services of pharmacists and avoiding indiscriminate and unsupervised drug distribution through trade agencies which are incompetent to assume responsibility for the proper distribution of materials directly affecting t h e lie and health of the public. Such a survey would include determination of the validity of objectives 5,6 and 8. Study No. 3.-A survey of the factors which influence the public and professional acceptance of pharmacists as men and women of scientsc attainments. This will include ethical and professional concepts of the relation of pharmacy t o medicine and public health not as viewed by pharmacists alone but also as viewed by scientists in related fields and by the intelligent public. Such a survey would include determination of the validity of objectives 7 . 9 and 10. PLAN OF ACTION We do not advocate the assignment of such studies to committees of our ASSOCIATION for leisurely attention. These fact-finding surveys are needed badly right now and in such form as to supply the basis for possible legislative or administrative action. We believe they should be undertaken by carefully selecting a committee for each study and estimating the amount of time required t o finish it and the cost of carrying it on with a full-time paid

477

director and such assistants as may be required. When the committee has been selected and the cost determined, the project must then be launched under A. PH.A. auspices with funds contributed for this specific purpose. As a typical example, we would suggest that study No. 2 should be carried on b y a committee of five representative pharmacists, one or two able members of t h e American Bar Association, preferably with special knowledge of the field, a member of the American Public Health Association, who is distinguished in the public health field, a member of the American Medical Association and for the purpose of representing consumer interests, two prominent laymen, one of whom should be a woman. The study might require two years or more and an expenditure of upwards of $25,000. If it is the kind of study we visualize, the revision of the laws regulating the practice of pharmacy and other laws related thereto, which will follow such a study, will have public as well as professional approval. Such revisions, will tend t o settle the question of the necessity and value of the professional services of retail pharmacists and provide a degree of uniformity of public protection in the distribution of drugs which can be secured in no other way. The funds for such studies cannot normally be derived from the treasury of t h e AMEFUCAN PHARMACEUTICAL. ASSOCIATION.They will have to come from interested foundations, individuals or organizations, and we shall have to discover and interest such organizations or individuals in these projects. Recent events have shown very clearly that funds are available. But it is necessary for the A.PH. A. to prepare and sponsor the projects and t o provide for publication and dissemination of the results of these studies. It is also necessary for the A. PH. A. t o initiate the activity which will translate the results of such studies into action. It may also be possible for the A. PH.A. t o foster greater interest on the part of the United States Public Health Service in some of the fact-finding studies necessary t o establish public acceptance of the functions of pharmacy in the field of proper health care and protection. No man is fully aware today of the extent t o which pharmaceutically trained personnel can be utilized by the United States Public Health Service in the discharge of the many duties assigned t o it. It would b e helpful all around if a committee of properly qualified pharmacists could be assigned to the task of studying the organization of the United States Public Health Service and its functions which impinge upon pharmacy and make recommendations for the greater utilization of trained pharmaceutical personnel by the Public Health Service. Such a committee could also point out studies which the Public Health Service should undertake in the field of Pharmacy in order t o establish uniform procedures in the handling of poisons, hypnotic drugs and dangerous or deleterious substances. Pharmacy has a definite place in the Army and

478

JOURNAL OF THE ~ R I C A NPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

Delegates and three General Sessions and in a t least one of each of these sessions transact the same business twice. The General Sessions could well be limited t o one at which the President or President-elect delivers the principal address and new officers are installed. This single General Session should then become the point of contact between the ASSOCIATIONand its . public relations. All other business should be transREQUIREMENTS FOR MEMBERSHIP I N acted by the House of Delegates as is now practically . A. PH. A. This committee was also charged with the duty of the case, and it might be advisable to have the Presistudying the qualifications for membership in the dent preside over the House. The time of the House A. PH.A. “for the purpose of determining whether of Delegates should not be consumed chiefly by voting membership should be limited on the basis of listening to committee reports. These should be professional qualifications.” During the past year, printed in advance and be in the hands of the delethe Council appointed another committee, headed gates for study considerably in advance of the meetings. Reference committees should be appointed to by Dr. George D. Beal, t o study the problem of membership tenure, dues and publications. We report on the recommendations. When the reports have received the preliminary findings and recom- are called for at the Sessions of the House, the remendations of this Committee and gave them care- spective chairmen can concisely state the recommenful study. However, since giving consideration t o dations if any, the reference committee chairman can these matters, Dr. Beal’s Committee and the Com- state the action on the recommendations and the mittee on Constitution and By-Laws, as well as the House can vote to approve or disapprove the recomCouncil of the A. PH.A. have given further consid- mendations. By such procedure, the business of the ASSOCIAeration t o the subject and the consensus seems t o be that this matter requires considerable additional TION will be transacted expeditiously, and delegates study before definite recommendations can be sub- with instructions from their constituent organizamitted. Accordingly. your Committee must ask tions can be assured of time t o present resolutions on for additional time in which t o evolve a policy on which debate and action are desired. The scientific, historical and educational papers this very far-reaching subject. are presented t o the Sections where they receive attention by those specifically interested in the ORGANIZATION OF HOUSE OF DELEGATES specialties covered. The final point on which this Committee was inOur conclusion is that the House of Delegates structed to report is the organization of the House of requires no important change in order to effectuate Delegates. The first question that was asked is its purpose, but we should abolish two of the three whether the House of Delegates, under its present General Sessions and arrange t o make actions of the organizational structure, can effectuate the pur- House final. Furthermore we should arrange the poses for which it was designed, namely, as the program of the House somewhat in accordance with PHARMACEUTICAL legislative body of the AMERICAN the proposals outlined in the preceding paragraphs ASSOCIATION. and perhaps arrange for the President of the AssoWe believe that it can and we base this belief on CIATION to preside over the House of Delegates the fact that it has been doing this very thing al- since he would have only one General Session t o though perhaps somewhat awkwardly. preside over under the arrangement proposed. When the By-Laws of t h e ASSOCIATIONwere LONG RANGE PLANNING amended to create the House of Delegates, the AsSOCIATION was apparently skeptical of the effectiveThis concludes the specific assignments t o the ness of this new device. Therefore it retained the Committee. We now turn to long range planning. General Sessions and gave them veto power over the I n 1952, we shall celebrate our 100th anniversary. House. Such criticism as can justly be made of our That is only eight years off, and it does not give us organizational structure today is that we intended too much time t o project and achieve some very deto simplify our procedure but instead we compli- sirable objectives. Obviously a suitable celebration cated it. T o illustrate, the President addresses the should be planned. It should attract international General Session, but the House of Delegates acts on attention, and we might well plan for an internahis recommendations. Resolutions must be sub- tional Congress of Pharmacy at that time. If the mitted to the House of Delegates which must pass Pharmaceutical Societies of other Nations are adon them, but they do not become the actions of the vised and invited to participate sufficiently in adASSOCIATION until they are read and voted on at the vance of this date, we will avoid possible conflicts General Session. Invariably the same people as con- with other affairs that will undoubtedly be planned stitute the House of Delegates also makeup the ma- on an international scale after this war is over. It is jority of the General Sessions. Members lose inter- universally expected that the United .States of est when they attend three sessions of the House of America will play a leading part in the international

Navy for promoting the welfare and health of the armed forces. It also has a place in the Public Health Service to effectuate the same purposes among civilians. We have reason to believe that the proper approach to the Surgeon-General of the United States Public Service will lead to action in this field.

SCIENTIFIC EDITION affairs afttr this war is over. Our ASSOCIATION will be expected t o represent the profession of Pharmacy in playing this part. Every branch of the profession and the drug industry will benefit by what we do to promote international good will and respect for wishes American Pharmacy. If the ASSOCIATION t o instruct this committee t o lay the groundwork and plan for international participation in our 100th anniversary, we believe such instructions should be given at this meeting so that specific planning may be started soon. More immediate activities requiring planning on our part are the three surveys referred to earlier in this report, and we trust t h a t you will give your approval t o them and the methods we proposed of getting them under way.

479

our Committee should be available t o them and if the ASSOCIATIONhas never expressed itself on the question, we may jointly present recommendations for policy and plans t o the Council or to t h e House of Delegates with recommendations for action.

JOINT COMMITTEE ON PHYSICAL FITNESS On July 27 and 28 there was held in the City of

Washington a Preliminary Conference of the Joint Committee on Physical Fitness under the auspices of the Federal Security Agency. An invitation was extended t o the A. PH. A. t o participate in this Conference and your Chairman and Dr. Kelly attended some of the sessions. This organization, taking cognizance of the information regarding physical fitness which has been revealed by the examination of our youth in preparation for military service, has set out t o carry on a INTEGRATION OF A. PH. A. COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES program of education and other activities for a full If this Committee has your confidence and is t o year beginning with this month. proceed along logical l i e s to fuljill its purpose, we Your Committee sees great possibilities for service believe you should request all other committees of by the pharmacist of America in this activity. Acthe House of Delegates t o consult with this Com- cordingly we recommend the adoption of the followmittee in working out their activities. There must ing resolution: be integration of all our committee work with the anResolved, T h a t the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL nounced policies and plans of the ASSOCIATION. ASSOCIATION accept the invitation of the Joint ComSome committees have specialized functions and mittee on Physical Fitness t o participate in the nathe assignment of their duties by resolution or By- tional effort for the promotion of physical fitness Law constitute an expression of policy by the Asso- among the civilian population and that the ComCIATION. Obviously such committees require no mittee on Policy and Planning be requested t o inhelp from us. There are many instances, however, vestigate the possibilities of service t o be rendered where the committee assignments are so broad that by American pharmacy in this field and report a some guidance in keeping the activities within the plan of procedure and action t o the Council for aclimits of recognized association policy may be neces- tion at the earliest possible date. sary. Furthermore, committees sometimes feel The final stages of the war and the early postwar that they should embark on activities or make rec- era will present many problems now unlooked for. ommendations which they consider as a departure Your Committee stands ready to give such problems from ASSOCIATION policy, and they therefore hesi- prompt and careful consideration and will endeavor tate about taking t h e initiative. The counsel of to evolve suitable recommendations for action.

Report of The American Council on pharmaceutical Education, Inc. * By A. G. DuMez This is the twelfth annual report of the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education, Inc., to its sponsoring organizations, namely the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION, National Association Boards of Pharmacy and the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. It covers the period September 9,1943, t o September 6, 1944. MEMBERSHIP OF THE COUNCIL The following is the present membership of the Council, and the year in which the term of each expires.

* Presented a t the 92nd Annual Meeting, A. PH. A,, Cleveland, Ohio, September 8, 1944.

E. F. Kelly, Pres., representing the A. PH.A., 2215 Constitution Ave., Washington, D. C. (1944) L. D. Bracken, representing the A. PH. A., 1314 Fourth Ave., Seattle, Washington (1948) Robert P. Fischelis, representing the A. PH. A.. 28 W. State St., Trenton, N . J. (1946) H. C. Christensen, Vice-Pres., representing the N. A. B. P., 130 N. Wells St., Chicago, Ill. (1944) R. L. Swain, representing the N. A. B. P., 330 W. 42nd st.,N~~ Yo&, N. y.(1948) A. C. Taylor, representing the N. A. B. P., 1733 Upshur St., N. W., Washington, D. C. (1946) A. G. DuMez, Sec.-Trms.,representing the A. A. C. P., 38 S. Greene St., Baltimore, Md. (1944)

480

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

Townes R. Leigh, representing the A. A. C. P., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. (1946) Ernest Little, representing the A. A. C. P., 1 Lincoln Ave., Newark, N. J . (1948) Earl J. McGrath, representing the A. C. E.. University of Buffalo, Buffalo, N . Y.(1948) The terms of E. F. Kelly, representing the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION;H. C. Christensen, representing the National Association Boards of Pharmacy, and A. G. DuMez, representing the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, expired this year. Messrs. Kelly and DuMez were reappointed by their respective associations and Mr. P. H. Costello, Secretary of the National Association Boards of Pharmacy, was appointed by the latter organization to succeed Dr. H. C. Christensen. Dr. Christensen declined reappointment because of increasing physical handicaps which made it impossible for him to continue t o participate fully in the Council’s activities. H e served as a member of the Council since its creation in 1932, and took an active part in all of the Council’s activities, including inspection of the colleges. His experiences as Secretary of t h e National Association Boards of Pharmacy over a period of many years made his advice and counsel exceptionally valuable. The opportunity is, therefore, taken in this report t o make acknowledgment of the valuable contribution which he made to the work of the Council and to express appreciation for his long and faithful services.

MEETINGS The Board of Directors of the Council held four meetings during the year; one at Columbus, Ohio, September 8,1943, and three meetings in Baltimore, Maryland, October 8 , 1943, April 13, 1944 and August 6, 1944. ACCREDITATION ACTIVITIES Only one college of pharmacy made application for accreditation during the year. This college completed its questionnaire forms too recently to permit of its inspection before this meeting, so that a definite report on its status cannot be made at this time. Several educational institutions have made inquiries relative t o the advisability of organizing a college of pharmacy as a n additional unit t o their present organizations and several others have inquired as to the conditions which would have to be met to comply with the Council’s standards in establishing a college of pharmacy, In reply to these inquiries, these institutions were informed of the Council’s requirements for accreditation, of the difficulty of securing an adequately trained faculty a t this time and of the fact that the expenditure of considerable funds would be necessary to establish and maintain a college of pharmacy which would meet the Council’s requirements. Mergers of existing colleges of pharmacy with established educational institutions, wherever they seemed to be de-

sirable have been encouraged, but as yetathere are

no indications that any combinations of this kind have been made. Owing t o the unsettled conditions at most colleges of pharmacy as a result of Selective Service System rulings with respect to the draft and t o the Government’s efforts to discourage travel by civilians, except in furtherance of the war program, the Council did not make any inspections of colleges during the year. I n lieu thereof, however, it sent out a questionnaire on April 25, 1944, to secure such inforniation as was believed would give a fairly accurate picture of conditions as they exist today. The questionnaire was sent to the 64 accredited colleges of pharmacy and 58 conipleted and returned it. The information supplied by this questionnaire may be summed u p briefly as follows: A large majority of the colleges reported that they were operating a t a deficit, but that this deficit was either being made up from general university funds, where the colleges were integral units of universities, or they were being made up from gifts and grants or income derived from other sources. These deficits ranged in amount from $58.34 to $41,863.08 for the year 1943-1944. Thirteen colleges reported surpluses, ranging in amount from $27.34 to $6,500.00. Fifty of the colleges reported income from student fees for the year, ranging from $332.50 to $80,927.40. Twenty-three colleges reported income from state appropriations in amounts ranging from $1,350.00 up t o $106,560.00. Twenty colleges reported incomes from gifts and grants in amounts ranging from $74.00 to $40,161.16, Twenty-three colleges reported income from other sources in amounts ranging from $402.00 to $63.193.16. From the foregoing, it is evident that up t o the present time, at least, all of the colleges which reported have been able to secure sufficient funds to permit them to operate. It is problematical, however, how much longer some of the colleges now operating with a deficit can continue to keep going under these conditions. The data supplied by the questionnaires indicate that none of the colleges operating on a setnester basis are giving less than 32 weeks of instruction per year, and that none of the colleges operating on the quarter system are giving less than 33 weeks of instruction per year. I t would seem, therefore, that all of the colleges which reported are now complying with the Council’s requirement of not less than 32 weeks of instruction per year. The data relative t o faculties was somewhat burprising. Most colleges showed only a small net loss in faculty members. Twenty-nine colleges reported a net loss in faculty members, ranging from 1 to 10, but the loss in cases where the number was high, was due almost entirely t o the departure of graduate student assistants, who could be spared because of the marked reduction in enrollments, which made their services unnecessary.

SCIENTIFIC EDITION Five colleges reported a net gain in their faculties, ranging from 1 to 3. Thirty colleges reported changes in curriculum. I n some instances, subjects were dropped, but in most instances t h e change consisted of the substitution of new courses for those already in the curricrilum. I n most cases, these changes did not represent any reduction in the amount of work required of students. Only 11 colleges reported enrollments of Army, Navy or other trainees. The number enrolled ranged from 1 to 600. The latter were Coast Guard trainees and were taken in batches of 200 each for periods of about three months. Only 35 colleges reported enrollments of ex-service men. The total number enrolled in these colleges was 82, and the highest number enrolled in any one was 6. It is anticipated that the number of exservice men enrolled will increase from now on, but it is not believed that the increase will be as great as some of the colleges expect. It is doubted if the influx will be anywhere near that experienced after World War I. The American Council 04 Education estimates that there will only be about 400,000 of t h e discharged servicemen and women who will be of the college level in education, in addition t o those who have already had some college work, and who may be expected t o return to complete their education. Obviously, pharmacy can expect to receive only its proportionate share of these men and women. Disturbing rumors have come to the Council from time t o time concerning some of the colleges which did not complete and return the questionnaire, but since no specific charges were made against any of these colleges by any authorized person or agency, the Council did not make a formal investigation of them. However, the time is rapidly approaching when t h e Council will resume its inspectional activities and. if irregularities are then discovered, you are assured that these will be appropriately dealt with.

CHANGES I N POLICY AND STANDARDS FOR ACCREDITATION At a meeting held on October 6, 1943, the Council revised its stated policy with respect to the 24month accelerated program of instruction to conform to the opinions set forth in t h e resolutions adopted by t h e American Association.of Colleges of Pharmacy and t h e National Association Boards of Pharmacy at t h e annual meetings of these organizations held in Columbus, Ohio, in September, 1943. The revision consisted of an amendment to the original policy, and fixed the maximum limit of acceleration which would be permitted at 32 months of actual instruction instead of 24 months. The amended policy was made effective on October 10, 1943, provided that the standards of acceleration adopted on July 12, 1943, should apply only t o suchportion of accredited courses which were instituted subsequent t o July 12, 1943, and which could be terminated

48 1

prior to February 1 , 1944, and provided that all other accelerated programs requiring less than 32 months (128 weeks) of actual instruction, exclusive of holidays and vacations, for their completion, should likewise be terminated prior to February 1, 1944.

DATE OF TERMINATION OF THE ACCELERATED PROGRAM OF INSTRUCTION At present, 49 or more of our colleges of pharmacy are operating on an accelerated basis. I n 40 of these cases, the entire institution, of which the college of pharmacy is an integral part, is operating on an accelerated basis. So far as the needs of the military services are concerned, there does not appear t o be any necessity for continuing the accelerated program of instruction in pharmacy. Acceleration as generally carried out has imposed unusual and heavy burdens upon the administrative officers and faculties of our schools of pharmacy and there has been much dissatisfaction expressed with regard to its effect upon the students. Practically all of the college of pharmacy deans have expressed the desire t o discontinue the program immediately if that were possible, but unfortunately conditions do not permit of so abrupt a termination. Some of our colleges of pharmacy are so intimately bound up in their operation with other departments of the educational institutions of which they are an integral part that they must conform in a large degree t o the decisions reached by these other departments. Some universities are under contract with the government t o accelerate their programs of instruction in all departments and t o continue this acceleration for a period of six months after the war ends, unless the contract is terminated by the government at an earlier date. I n some states, as New York State for instance, the Department of Education has approved acceleration for the duration of t h e war and six months thereafter. A goodly number of the colleges take t h e position that there is an obligation to the students who began their studies on the accelerated basis. Some of these institutions feel that the program should be continued until all seniors, juniors and sophomores have been graduated. Some colleges, located in states in which there is a marked shortage of pharmacists, feel that acceleration should be continued until the shortage has been made up. There is also some doubt a s to what the government will expect colleges t o do under the provisions of the Servicemen’s Re-adjustment Act of 1944, commonly referred to as the G.I. Omnibus Bill. There are those who contend that ex-servicemen will be required t o continue their studies without interruption until completed if they are t o draw the pay provided by this Act. There are others who contend that this period of education may be interrupted for vacations, provided the exservicemen do not receive pay during these vacation periods. It would seem that a final decision on this

482

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN P~AR~~ACETJTICAL ASSOCIATION

point, as well as on the other issues mentioned, should be reached before any decision relative to the date of termination of the accelerated program is made. I n view of the foregoing, the Council deems it inadvisable to set a definite date for the termination of the accelerated program of instruction in pharmacy at this time, but suggests that its sponsoring organizations, particularly the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, take this matter under consideration and advise the Council as soon as possible of any decision which they may reach. COLLEGE CREDIT TO BE ALLOWED FOR EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES GAINED IN MILITARY SERVICE A matter with which the colleges will soon be concerned, and upon which the Council will be compelled to formulate a d e h i t e policy, is that of giving credit for instruction received and experiences gained while in military service. The Council anticipating that it would be called upon to formulate a policy to meet these conditions, appointed a committee on October 1, 1943,to make a study of educational credits to be granted for instruction received while in military service and for experience gained in this service. The first report of the committee was made to the Council on April 13, 1944, and copies were made and distributed to all of the colleges of pharmacy. Since then, the American Council on Education appointed a committee to make a special study of this subject and all accrediting agencies were requested to contribute funds to defray the cost of this study. Your Council made a contribution of $250 in response to this request. Information has been received from the American Council on Education t h a t its committee is completing its studies and is now engaged in the preparation of a guide to evaluate the educational experiences gained in the armed services for distribution to schools and colleges. It is stated that this handbook will describe the formal training programs of the armed services and that it will recommend for each program the basis upon which credit should be awarded. The price of the guide will be $2.00 and it may be ordered from G. P. Tuttle, 363 Administrative Building, Urbana, Illinois. Under date of August 16, 1944, Lieutenant-Commander Earl J. McGrath of the United States Naval Reserve, who is a member of the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education, in a communication to the Council, expressed his opinion with regard to the matter of credits to be allowed for educational experiences gained in military service as follows:

‘‘I should like to express a n opinion as a member of the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education concerning the accreditation of in-service education. It is not intended that this opinion should represent the official Navy position. The American Council on pharmaceutical Education has, with considerable efTort, established certain standards for schools of pharmacy. It would seem to me t o be desirable to maintain these standards, even during the period of educational maladjustment such as

the one in which we are now living, if that is possible. Each school of pharmacy has presumably established certain academic standards by which the performance of its own students is measured. I believe that justice can be done to the servicemen with regard t o the evaluation of in-service education in only one way if we are t o maintain institutional standards. That is to apply the standards t o him that would have existed if he had not entered the military service. “Accordingly, I believe that servicemen seeking credit for courses taken while in the services which they consider to be an integral part of the pharmacy curriculum should have these courses evaluated by the institutions’ own examinations. I n professional education, I believe this procedure t o be more necessary than in liberal arts colleges because professional subject matter forms a rounded program which is calculated t o lead t o professional competence. Public Health is involved in this matter as you know better than I do. I believe that the interest of the public and of academic institutions, as well as those of returning servicemen can be best protected by the procedure which I have described; that is, of leaving t h e determination of academic credit t o the institutions concerned.” Pending the completion of the Guide being prepared under the auspices of the American Council on Education and in view of the conclusions reached by your Council’s committee and the opinion expressed by Commander McGrath, who has an intimate knowledge of the educational programs offered by the military services, the Council offers for consideration by its sponsoring organizations the following recommendations of its Committee on Evaluation of Educational Experiences Gained in the Military Services. These are as follows: 1. It is recommended that colleges of pharmacy give no credit for work experiences such as employment in military hospital dispensaries, even if done in well regulated hospitals. I n the opinion of the committee, credit for this kind of work might more appropriately be given by boards of pharmacy toward the practical experience requirement for licensure. 2. It is recommended that any credit extended be granted on a basis of educational values received rather than courses taken or experience gained. This means careful testing, usually by means of formal examinations of many of the applicants applying for college credit. 3. It is recommended that the policy of the colleges should be to extend appropriate but conservative college credit for military activities. The committee suggests that the maximum amount of credit allowed for military activities of all sorts should usually be less than one-eighth of the requirements for the B.S.degree. Credit should be allowed only for such subjects as may be considered fully equivalent to the same or similar subjects in the degree course and never in excess of an hour for hour basis. 4. The granting of blanket credit for military experience is strongly advised against, except as a basic military training and indoctrination program required of all men and women in the armed forces may be credit toward the colleges’ military training,

SCIENTIFIC EDITION physical education, first aid or hygiene requirement. Credits, so permitted should be conservatively granted and never in excess of the amount of such work required or permitted by the college for the degree under consideration. 5. It is recommended that the Council advise accredited colleges t o avail themselves of the “clearing-house activities of the U. S. Armed Forces Institute in assembling data and other information relative to the individuals under consideration.

SHORTCOMINGS OF OUR COLLEGES OF PHARMACY I N MOST URGENT NEED OF CORRECTION I n last year’s report, an over-all picture was given you of the condition of our colleges of pharmacy as observed by the Council a t the time of the initial inspections of these institutions. More than five years have now elapsed since these inspections were completed and it can be stated that all of the colleges, without exception, have improved in one way or another during this period. However, there still remains much to be done in most of our colleges if they are t o meet fully the standards set for them. It is believed, therefore, that the time has now arrived when the Council should state specifically what in its opinion are the outstanding deficiencies of our colleges of pharmacy and how these can be corrected. Therefore, your attention is directed in this report t o two factors which, in the opinion of the Council, are largely responsible for retarding the development of our colleges of pharmacy into the strong educational units which we desire them to become, namely: the nature of the organization set up t o administer the affairs of these colleges in most of our universities and colleges, and the failure of most of the colleges t o alter their curricula t o meet the changes in pharmaceutical practice brought on by the rapid advances made in the medical sciences within the last several decades. The Council in its initial investigations was struck with the inadequacy of the organization set up for the education and training of pharmacy students in some of the endowed universities and in most of the state universities and colleges in which such instruction is offered. I n some of these universities and colleges, this inadequacy manifested itself in the small measure of autonomy exercised by the colleges of pharmacy; in others, in a lack of authority with respect t o the control of fiscal and academic policies; and, in most of these institutions, by the small numbers of pharmaceutically trained persons on the faculties. I n quite a number of our state universities and colleges, the college of pharmacy is a school or division in the college of arts and sciences. I n some instances, it is hardly more than a department in this college and has little or no autonomy. Two colleges of pharmacy are units of state supported medical colleges. I n both instances, these colleges of pharmacy do not offer instruction in some of the foundational and cultural subjects, although these subjects

483

are a part of their curricula. Students, while enrolled in these colleges of pharmacy, are required t o obtain the required instruction in these subjects in some outside institution over which the college of pharmacy has no control. I n administrative organizations of the foregoing type, the superior college or unit usually exercises control over fiscal matters, faculty personnel and curriculum. The Council, in its investigations, found that many of the colleges of pharmacy operating under the type of organization described in the preceding paragraph did not even have a hand in the preparation of their budgets. I n several instances, the pharmacy budget was controlled by the department of chemistry of the college of arts and sciences. I n one of the institutions investigated, the department of chemistry not only controlled the budget, but also appointments t o the faculty and the admission and scholastic records of pharmacy students. The head of the pharmacy department in this institution was compelled to go t o the office of the head of the department of chemistry every time he desired to examine the record of a pharmacy student. In most of the cases in which this type of organization exists, appointments t o the pharmacy faculty were found t o be controlled by the colleges of arts and sciences. Under these conditions, it is t o be expected that academic rather than professional qualifications would be the deciding factor in making appointments t o the pharmacy faculty and that the numbers of pharmaceutically trained persons on these faculties would be small. I n organizations of this type, the superior college or unit also exercises control over the pharmacy curriculum. Changes can only b e made after approval has been given by the controlling unit and approval is difficult t o obtain where these changes are of primary interest to pharmacists rather than members of the other professions or the academicians. I n the opinion of the Council, this type of organization and the control which it exercises over the curriculum are also largely responsible for the misleading titles given t o the courses listed in many of the catalogues issued by our colleges of pharmacy and for the hodge podge of courses designated as courses in pharmacy in these catalogues. The curricula of many of our colleges of pharmacy, whether university units or independent institutions, while ostensibly conforming reasonably well with the requirements of the Pharmaceutical Syllabus, are in reality the same old curricula that were followed twenty-five years ago and the contents of the courses comprising these curricula are of the same vintage. This isattributed by the Council t o lack of initiative on the part of some of the colleges of pharmacy,, to the lack of adequate funds with which t o finance these changes in others and t o the lack of authority t o make such changes in the case of the colleges which are departments of state universities and colleges. All of us realize that t h e practice of pharmacy has changed within the past several decades and

484

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

that there is little or no probability of its returning to its former pattern. It seems to the Council that i t is time the colleges of pharmacy ceased t o bemoan the fact that the modern pharmacist no longer performs certain professional services such as the manufacturing of galenicals, the making of plasters and pills, etc., to accept with good grace the change which has taken place and t o make provision in the pharmaceutical curriculum to meet it. Such subjects as botany, pharmacognosy and galenical pharmacy seem t o the Council t o be overemphasized as a rule, whereas instruction in the newer fields of knowledge are underemphasized or wholly ignored. It is believed that the future progress of professional pharmacy depends to a large extent upon giving pharmacists the training which will enable them t o assume a more important place among the health service groups. The personnel of the medical profession whether attached to hospitals or engaged in private practice needs trained consultants in practical pharmacology and the techniques of medication. I n the opinion of the Council, the average pharmacy curriculum is not adequate to train pharmacists who can fullill this need. More extensive work is required by the colleges in theoretical and applied pharmacology, including bioassaying; in synthetic organic chemistry; biochemistry; physical chemistry ; bacteriology, including serology and immunology; and public health. Pharmacology as taught in Medical Colleges, in which about 14 or 15 drugs are studied intensively, does not meet the requirements of students in pharmacy. Pharmacology for the latter students should cover the pharmacological actions of all important groups of drugs and should include the toxicology and posology of all official drugs. It should also be sufficient in scope to give a student a thorough understanding of the official and nonofficial bioassay methods in general use. In the opinion of the Council, instruction in this field should be given in a separate department headed by a person who has had special training in pharmacology with a background in pharmacy. Fundamentally, pharmacists should be experts in drugs and should, therefore, have the knowledge required to enable them to give physicians information relative to the production and properties of the many important synthetic organic compounds, which are now being marketed for use as therapeutic agents. They should also be able to give information of this character on such organ products as the hormones and tissue extracts, the vitamins, etc. Instruction in these subjects is believed to be of sufficient importance to justify the creation of a separate department. For want of a better name, this department might be called the Department of the Chemistry of Medicinal Products. A knowledge of physical chemistry as applied t o pharmacy is becoming of greater and greater importance t o practicing pharmacists. It is now found desirable to adjust the hydrogen-ion concentration of many pharmaceutical preparations, col-

loids are finding a place in modern therapy and ointment bases are now being developed to meet certain physicochemical standards. It is believed that the best results will be obtained if instruction in this subject is placed in charge of a person who has had adequate training in physical chemistry with a background in pharmacy. The Department of Microbiology is suggested as the name for another department which should be added to existing departments. This department should give instruction in bacteriology, including serology and immunolo ,. and it should be taught with the emphasis on m hods of production, standardization, differences in brands, dosage and preservation. In this department, there should also be given instruction regarding molds and fungi since these forms of plant life have recently attained prominence as sources of therapeutic agents, namely, penicillin, gramicidin, tyrothricin, etc. At the present time, most of our colleges of pharmacy make some effort toward giving instruction in public health. In the large majority of cases, this instruction consists of a dozen or more lectures given by some member of the faculty who has no special knowledge of the subject. I n the opinion of the Council, instruction in this field is of such importance that greater emphasis should be given t o it. A separate department should be created t o teach this subject and it should be headed by a teacher trained in public health work. In our universities where instruction in pharmacy is offered, the pharmacy faculty as heretofore stated is a mixed faculty. Since a college of pharmacy is required b y our present standards for accreditation t o have only three departments, only one of which must be headed by a pharmacist, the members of the faculty who have had no pharmaceutical training greatly outnumber those who have had such training, a condition which is believed to be inimical t o the best interest of pharmaceutical education. If the five departments suggested were added t o the three which a college of pharmacy is now required t o have, there would be a total of eight departments headed by men with scientific or professional training, which would offset the preponderance of academic influence now manifest on our pharmacy faculties. It is believed that this would give our pharmacy faculties greater strength, which in turn would lead to greater autonomy for our colleges of pharmacy, greater control over the management of their affairs and lead to the desired improvement in pharmaceutical education. It is also the opinion of the Council that the interests of pharmacy, the allied professions and the public will be served best if our colleges of pharmacy will confine their activities mainly to the education and training of students who are preparing to qualify for service in one of the several divisions or branches of pharmacy, and to the promotion of graduate study and research. The training of students to qualify as technicians or helpers to the allied professions is believed t o be a function which should be

E

SCIENTIFIC EDITION assumed by the colleges representing the respective professions and not by the colleges of pharmacy. It is only by demonstrating that they are satisfying a real need in the education and training of pharmacy students that colleges of pharmacy can justify their existence as such. For fear t h a t the intent and purpose of these remarks may be misconstrued by some, it is stated that they are not intended to dismay or frighten you. On the contrary, they represent the views of the Council with respect t o two of the more significant defects of our colleges of pharmacy observed in its investigations of these colleges and are made with the hope that they may serve as a prospectus for the guidance of the colleges in their future growth and development.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT During the past year, the only disbursements of

4135

funds made by the Council were those required to pay the expenses of the members incurred in attending meetings and the cost of office supplies, postage and communications, except in the case of a contribution of $250.00, which was made to the American Council on Education to assist the latter in making a cooperative study of college credit to be allowed ex-servicemen for educational programs completed and experiences gained while in military service. A proposed budget to cover the expenses of the Council in the dischgrge of its duties over the next three years has been prepared and presented t o the executive committees of its sponsoring organizations for such action as these committees may see fit to take at this time. For details of the expenditures for the current year, see the appended statement which covers the period September 9,1943, t o September 8,1944.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ADdERICAN COUNCIL ON PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION

September 9, 1913, to September 8, 1944

Receipts 1943 September 9

Balanceon hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1944 June 13 June 13 June 13

American Association Colleges of Pharmacy, contribution. . . . . . . . . . National Association Boards of Pharmacy, contribution. . . . . . . . . . . American Pharmaceutical Association, contribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$4183.12 600.00 600.00 600.00 $5983.12

Expenditures 1943 September 27 September 27 September 27 September 27 September 27 October 1 October 7 October 7 October 1 1 October 11 October 11 October 11 October 11 October 11 October 12 October 19 November 1 November 4 November 4 November 30 1944 January 7 April 25 May 6 May 6 May 6 May 6 May 6 May 6

A. G. DuMez, travel expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. E. Gue, stenographic services.. ........................ Ernest Little, travel expense.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. L. Swain, travel expense.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

R. P. Fischelis, travel expense.. . . . . . . . .

R. L. Swain, travel expense.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. R. Leigh, travel expense.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. F. Kelly, travel expense.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. P. Fischelis, travel expense.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. F. Kelly, postage, telephone, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . State Tax Commission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State Tax Commission.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ernest Little, travel expense.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

State Tax Commission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . American Council on Education for study of accrediting procedures P. H. Costello, travel expense.. ................................ Ernest Little, travel expense. ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Townes R. Leigh, travel expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert P. Fischelis, travel expense .......................... R. L. Swain, travel expense.. .................................. E.F.Kelly,travelexpense ....................................

104.48 25.00 ~

15.80 16.38 12.30 12.29 8.88 18.00 18.99 29.10 76.49 15.10 21.74 92.25 9.59 14.80 9.96 11.95 11.35 8.46 10.00 250.00 79.63 27.85 104.42 21.84 28.45 2.92

486

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

Ex#enditures (Cont’d) 1944 May 22 June 12 June 12 August 23 August 23

BALANCE

A. G. DuMez, expenses for meeting.. ........................... L. D. Bracken, travel expense.. ................................ Selective Service System, subscription t o releases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. L. Swain, travel expense.. .................................. A. C. Taylor, travel expense, and R.R. fare for members of special committee who attended conference in New York with American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education. ....................

................................................................

2.30 100.00 3.00 21.54 64.00 $1251.86 $1731.26

Report of the Committee on the Status of Pharmacists in the Government Services* By Artbrrr H. EinbccR Early in February of this year I was appointed chairman of this Committee to succeed Dr. H. Evert Kendig. Dr. Kendig, after six years of splendid work, resigned for reasons of health, but not however before completing the initial objective of the committee, the creation of the Army Pharmacy Corps. With the exception of the replacement of Rowland Jones by Mr. George Frates, Washington Representative of the N. A. R. D., the personnel of the committee remained the same, with B. T. Fairchild and Frank L. McCartney, representing the A. PH.A,, Dr. David B. Johnson, Dr. Henrys. Johnson and Dr. CharlesRogers, representing the A. A. C. P., Dr. Robert L. Swain, A. L. I. Winne and Charles R.Bohrer, representing the N. A. B. P. and Hugh Beirne, and Roger W. Lusby, representing the N. A. R. D. Thus I was assured the same excellent cooperation that was accorded Dr. Kendig who kindly consented to serve the committee in the capacity of advisory chairman. Four important problems were engaging the attention of the committee when I became chairman. A bill to reorganize the United States Public Health Service was about to be introduced,negotiations were under way with the Veterans Administration t o improve the professional ratings of the pharmacists in this service thus making them eligible for higher pay brackets. Negotiations were also under way with our representatives in Congress and the Army General Staff to make the Pharmacy Corps Bill operative as soon as practical, and an appointment was being arranged with Admiral Ross T. McIntyre, Surgeon General of the Navy, with a Navy Pharmacy Corps or its equivalent as the objective.

STATUS OF PHARMACISTS IN THE NAVY In a pleasant interview or rather conference with Admiral McIntyre the committees’ views were presented. Two things particularly were asked, (1) the changing of the name of pharmacist’s mate in

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH.A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 8, 1944.

the Navy t o something more descriptive of the duties, and (2) the establishment of a Pharmacy Corps in the Navy. Admiral Mclntyre agreed with us that our objectives were sound. Navy administration, procedure and organization, he said, would make a separate pharmacy corps impractical. H e stated, however, that he was anxious t o improve the efficiency of the Navy and that he would work with us toward a common objective. Congressmen Durham and Rivers were with the representatives of the Committee at the original meeting with Admiral McIntyre. The Congressmen also were impressed with the Surgeon General’s attitude and stated to us that any legislation that resulted from negotiations between this committee and the Navy could be successfully passed this year. They said that since the Navy was definitely opposed t o a separate Pharmacy Corps, the success of our own bill must necessarily be a long-term program. They agreed, however, to support any action that our Committee might take. The Navy’s objection was not that they were opposed to a Pharmacy Corps only, but that they were opposed t o any separate corps. Experience had shown them that any segregation of groups in the Navy has resulted in a loss of efficiency and has worked hardships on the individual officers. Admiral Mclntyre assigned his deputy, Admiral Sheldon, t o work out the problem with us. Our Committee appointed a steering committee consisting of Dr. Kelly, Mr. Frates and me, among other duties, t o continue the negotiations. Many conferences have been held and views and letters exchanged. The whole Committee has been called to Washington twice t o consider the situation and advise the steering committee as to the course it should follow. These meetings were well attended and the actions taken were unanimous. The initial phase of the Navy program is just about completed. However, a bill had been prepared by the steering committee, as it was instructed to do. This bill has been checked by the Legislative Council of the

486

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

Ex#enditures (Cont’d) 1944 May 22 June 12 June 12 August 23 August 23

BALANCE

A. G. DuMez, expenses for meeting.. ........................... L. D. Bracken, travel expense.. ................................ Selective Service System, subscription t o releases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. L. Swain, travel expense.. .................................. A. C. Taylor, travel expense, and R.R. fare for members of special committee who attended conference in New York with American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education. ....................

................................................................

2.30 100.00 3.00 21.54 64.00 $1251.86 $1731.26

Report of the Committee on the Status of Pharmacists in the Government Services* By Artbrrr H. EinbccR Early in February of this year I was appointed chairman of this Committee to succeed Dr. H. Evert Kendig. Dr. Kendig, after six years of splendid work, resigned for reasons of health, but not however before completing the initial objective of the committee, the creation of the Army Pharmacy Corps. With the exception of the replacement of Rowland Jones by Mr. George Frates, Washington Representative of the N. A. R. D., the personnel of the committee remained the same, with B. T. Fairchild and Frank L. McCartney, representing the A. PH.A,, Dr. David B. Johnson, Dr. Henrys. Johnson and Dr. CharlesRogers, representing the A. A. C. P., Dr. Robert L. Swain, A. L. I. Winne and Charles R.Bohrer, representing the N. A. B. P. and Hugh Beirne, and Roger W. Lusby, representing the N. A. R. D. Thus I was assured the same excellent cooperation that was accorded Dr. Kendig who kindly consented to serve the committee in the capacity of advisory chairman. Four important problems were engaging the attention of the committee when I became chairman. A bill to reorganize the United States Public Health Service was about to be introduced,negotiations were under way with the Veterans Administration t o improve the professional ratings of the pharmacists in this service thus making them eligible for higher pay brackets. Negotiations were also under way with our representatives in Congress and the Army General Staff to make the Pharmacy Corps Bill operative as soon as practical, and an appointment was being arranged with Admiral Ross T. McIntyre, Surgeon General of the Navy, with a Navy Pharmacy Corps or its equivalent as the objective.

STATUS OF PHARMACISTS IN THE NAVY In a pleasant interview or rather conference with Admiral McIntyre the committees’ views were presented. Two things particularly were asked, (1) the changing of the name of pharmacist’s mate in

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH.A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 8, 1944.

the Navy t o something more descriptive of the duties, and (2) the establishment of a Pharmacy Corps in the Navy. Admiral Mclntyre agreed with us that our objectives were sound. Navy administration, procedure and organization, he said, would make a separate pharmacy corps impractical. H e stated, however, that he was anxious t o improve the efficiency of the Navy and that he would work with us toward a common objective. Congressmen Durham and Rivers were with the representatives of the Committee at the original meeting with Admiral McIntyre. The Congressmen also were impressed with the Surgeon General’s attitude and stated to us that any legislation that resulted from negotiations between this committee and the Navy could be successfully passed this year. They said that since the Navy was definitely opposed t o a separate Pharmacy Corps, the success of our own bill must necessarily be a long-term program. They agreed, however, to support any action that our Committee might take. The Navy’s objection was not that they were opposed to a Pharmacy Corps only, but that they were opposed t o any separate corps. Experience had shown them that any segregation of groups in the Navy has resulted in a loss of efficiency and has worked hardships on the individual officers. Admiral Mclntyre assigned his deputy, Admiral Sheldon, t o work out the problem with us. Our Committee appointed a steering committee consisting of Dr. Kelly, Mr. Frates and me, among other duties, t o continue the negotiations. Many conferences have been held and views and letters exchanged. The whole Committee has been called to Washington twice t o consider the situation and advise the steering committee as to the course it should follow. These meetings were well attended and the actions taken were unanimous. The initial phase of the Navy program is just about completed. However, a bill had been prepared by the steering committee, as it was instructed to do. This bill has been checked by the Legislative Council of the

SCIENTIFIC EDITION House of Representatives, but held in abeyance pending our discussions with the Navy.

ARMY PHARMACY CORPS While the Navy situation was under way, the problem of the Army Pharmacy Corps also was given our gravest consideration. While many people have been impatient with the slow progress of the development of this corps, we must remember that it took a great many years to place the law on the statutes. Then, too, several conditions imposed by the war makes this reorganization a bit difficult. The examinations in late January for commissions in the corps for the regular army were given under great difficulties. The examinations had to be given simultaneously all over the combatant world. Candidates were illy prepared for the examinations. Some came out of combat just t o take the examinations. Some because of the remoteness of their situation could not attend the examinations under any circumstances. Some were in transit overseas and could not be separated from their units, becanse they held key positions in those units, and for the good of the service could not b e spared. I n spite of these handicaps, it is understood that some 900 pharmacists took the examination. While no official statement has been received, it is understood that less than 10 per cent passed the written, physical and capacity examinations. Weighing these facts, however, at a meeting of the whole committee, instructions were given the steering committee to continue negotiations with the army, t o see that the Pharmacy Corps became operative in the Regular Army as provided in the bill, and further extended to the Army of the United States, the present wartime army. Through Congressman Durham we contacted the General Staff of the Army and we were informed that they could see no reason why the Surgeon General could not proceed should he so desire. The steering committee felt that it was the proper time t o make further representations to the Surgeon General. On July 18th we visited the Surgeon General‘s Office. General Kirk, the Surgeon General, was in France but his Deputy, Major General George Lull, received us very cordially. Congressman Carl Durham was with us. We had a n excellent opportunity t o air our views which we presented verbally for discussion and we left with General Lull a carefully prepared statement requesting at the same time a written answer. We recommended forthwith that the 72 officers provided for in the Bill H. R. 997 be appointed promptly. We stated that we felt that the appointment of 72 officers at this time would not produce a promotion hump, since it is fair to assume that the coming peacetime regular army will be at least 4 times as large as the prewar army. The provision for 72 officers was based on that peacetime army set up under the national defense act of 1920. I t was further recommended that a Pharmacy Corps be organized in the Army of the United

487

States promptly, consisting of as many officers as may be required for the emergency. These officers could be transferred, we said, from the pharmacists in the Medical Admlnistrative Corps and promotions in the service. These officers in addition t o . developing an effective pharmaceutical service for the army would effect economies that would result in savings in the cost of drugs and medical supplies. Their period of war service would qualify them for the peacetime reserve and enable them t o teach, for some years t o come, future officers who are commissioned in the reserve. We recommended that previous understanding with respect to assignment of inducted pharmacists to the Medical Department of the Army be carried out, and that arrangements be made so that these men will relieve men of limited experience and training who are now assigned to perform pharmaceutical functions. We further recommended that the Pharmacy Corps in time of emergency and peace be given charge of, and made responsible for, the specifications, purchase, storage, ‘inspection, standardization, distribution and dispensing of drugs and medical supplies. We reminded the Surgeon General, that i t was contemplated that these recommendations would be acted upon immediately so that the army in time of war and peace, will enjoy a safe and adequate pharmaceutical service, directed by competent, experienced and well-trained officers. The statement of the Committee was answered by General Kirk, t h e Surgeon General on his return. H e stated that our recommendations had been carefully noted and would be considered in the reorganization of the army. There are certain minor d8erences he said between the expressions in the letter and the feeling in his office. However, he stated, that he believed that these matters could be ironed out without difficulty. The whole committee, in studying the matter at the August 21st meeting, considered General Kirk’s reply unsatisfactory. The Committee decided that the steering committee should answer the letter promptly and strongly. This has already been done. The committee also felt that our recommendations, in the light of the legislation, should be publicly expressed and that public action be sought. It was suggested that the presidents of the various pharmaceutical bodies write the President of the United States, as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, calling his attention to the fact that the law was not yet fully operative, that in our opinion the army is still getting an inferior pharmaceutical service, by reason of the delay in making the law effective, and pointing out the fact that a mandate of Congress is being blocked. Since this conference 20 officers of the Regular , Army Pharmacy Corps have been certified t o the Congress of the United States. One of these, we understand, failed to pass the physical examination and another has refused the appointment.

488

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES I am also glad to report that during the year there have been several important improvements in the status of pharmacists in several other government agencies. Public Law 410,H. R. 4624 applies to a reorganization of the United States Public Health Service. Provision has been made in this act for the commissioning of certain pharmacists in this service. While the act does not affect many men at this time it should be reflected more strongly in the future. I n time of peace the United States Coast Guard is a part of this service, but it is possible that the postwar plans of the United States might contemplate retaining the Coast Guard as a part of the Navy. In the Veterans Administration we have been able to secure an increase in the ratings of the pharmacists to professional class 2 and we have hopes that this rating may be further increased. To summarize, I would say that the Navy situation is developing satisfactorily, and that there is an unusual degree of understanding between our committee and the Bureau df Medicine and Surgery of the Navy. I feel, therefore, that many of the objectives of pharmacy in this important field of work will soon be realized. While the army situation is somewhat disappointing, I cannot but feel that the Committee has unmistakably made the position of organized pharmacy felt by the War Department and more particularly the Surgeon General’s Office. In many other services the key to the status of pharmacy lies in certain rulings and interpretations made by the Civil Service Commission, and some progress has been made here as evidenced by the concessions made to this Committee by the Veterans Administration which is probably the largest government bureau employing civilian pharmacists. RECOMMENDATIONS I recommend, therefore, that this committee continue its negotiations with the Navy Department to the point that the specifications, purchasing, storage, inspection, standardization, distribution and dispensing of drugs and medical supplies be under the direction of pharmacy officers. I further recommend that the plans of the committee with re-

gard t o the army situation be carried out, and that the presidents of the various pharmaceutical organizations be asked t o write t o the President of the United States and Commander in Chief of the Army as suggested previously. National, State and local pharmaceutical organizations should be urged t o continue the policy of sending resolutions of protest to the Surgeon General of the Army and their representatives in Congress. The public, too, should be informed through proper channels of publicity, and the efforts of this committee continued until the letter and the spirit of the law are in full operation. I recommend that a full study be made of the Civil Service Commission’s interpretation of the rulings affecting pharmacists. It would seem that if a proper interpretation were made at this point of existing standards, pharmacy would be entitled t o higher pay brackets. This would affect pharmacists in practically every phase of government work. I also recommend that the financial support given this committee by the supporting organizations be continued. I doubt if any of our successes could have been possible without it. It is important that from time to time the chairman have the benefit of counsel and advice of the entire committee, and it would be unfair to ask these men to come great distances at personal sacrifices without a t least paying their expenses. In conclusion I wish to express my admiration of the splendid leadership of Dr. Kelly whose influence and experience have been reflected in every phase of our work and every step along the way. It is impossible for anyone to measure the patient intuitive judgment of this great leader in pharmacy. I t is a privilege accorded to few men t o have the pleasure of working closely with a man of his calibre. Pharmacy owes much to him. I wish to express my appreciation also t o Mr. Bohrer who attended most of the conferences of the steering committee and the visits of the Committee t o the various government agencies that affected our committee work. During the illness of Dr. Kelly, Mr. Bohrer will replace him as a member of the steering committee. His close association with Dr. Kelly in this work makes him invaluable to the work of this Committee. We are fortunate t o have this competent direction and advice.

SCIENTIFIC EDITION

489

Second Session The Second Session of the House of Delegates was called to order by Chairman Jenkins a t 9:00 a. m. on Saturday, Seqtember 9. In order to conserve time, the Chairman announced that in the absence of objections, the roll call and the reading of the minutes of the First Session would be omitted from the program. The Chairman then called for reports and other communicationsfrom the ASSOCIATION, the Council, and the Sections. The meeting then proceeded with the reports of Committees in the following order. Committee on Continuation Study for Pharmacists (page 489).by C. J. Netz; Committee on Local and Student Branches (page 491), by Ernest Little; Committee on National Pharmacy Week (page 492). by C. R. Bohrer; Committee on Professional Relations (page 493), by C. H. Evans; Joint Committee of the A. PH. A. and the American Social Hygiene Association (page 494). by R. P.Fischelis; Committee on Legislation (page 496), by A. L.I. Winne; Committee on Prescription Tolerances (page 497). by J. K. Attwood; and the Committee on Dental Pharmacy (page 497),by G. C. Schicks. All Committee reports were received upon motion duly made, seconded and carried by the members of the House of Delegates. A preliminary report of the Committee on Resolutions was presented by Ernest Little. Mr. Ray S. Kelley reported briefly upon the meeting of the Scientific Section. A complete report of the proceedings of the Scientilic Section (page 510) is given elsewhere in this issue of the JOURNAL.

Chairman Jenkins then called for a report from the Council on nominations for the offices of Honorary President, Secretary and Treasurer of the ASSOCIATION. Chairman Fischelis reported in accordance with Article 5 of Chapter 3 of the By-Laws of the ASSOCIATION which provides that the nomination of these officers shall be made by the Council and submitted to the House of Delegates. Those nominated were Leo A. Seltzer, Honorary President; E. F. Kelly, Secrefury; and Hugo H. Schaefer, Treasurer. The nominees were unanimously elected upon a motion made and duly seconded. In the absence of Chairman Rufus A. Lyman of the Committee on Place of Meeting, Acting Secretary Bohrer reported that invitations had been received from st.Louis and Buffalo and that a tentative invitation had also been received from Jacksonville, Florida, for the 1945 meeting. Upon a motion duly seconded, the House of Delegates voted to leave the choice of time and place of the next annual meeting of the ASSOCIATIONto the Council for a decision. The report of the Committee on Nominations was presented by Chairman Charles H. Evans (page 498) which was accepted and approved upon a motion made after Chairman Jenkins had called for nominations from the floor.

In the absence of unfinished business and new business for the House of Delegates, the meeting adjourned at 11:45 a. m.

Report of Committee on Continuation Study for Pharmacists* By C V. Netz The membership of the Committee on Continuation Study for the past year included Dean J. A. Reese of Lawrence, Kansas; Mr. Harry L. Kendall of Lafayette, Indiana; Professor T. D. Rowe of Ridhmond, Virginia; Mr. R. Q. Richards of Fort Myers, Florida; and Professor C. V. Netz of Minneapolis, Minnesota, Chnirman. The Committee was established by the House of Delegates in 1941 following an address to the membership by Mr. Sylvester H. Dretzka in which he described the success attained with continuation study in Wisconsin under the George-Dean Act. The committee appointed in 1941 found two general plans in operation under which continuation study was offered to registered pharmacists. We will designate these plans as “A” and “B.” Under plan

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH. A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 9, 1944.

“A,” made possible by the George-Deen Act, instruction was brought to the pharmacists by a traveling instructor. It was the duty of the instructor to arrange subject material, select the meeting places and arrange the itinerary. Under this plan pharmacists were saved the time and expense of traveling any great distance. Under plan “B” the pharmacists from a wide area assembled a t a central location, usually a college or university, for periods of varying length. Here they were given instruction by a faculty assembled from college staffs, government bureaus and the drug industry a t large. Under this plan it was necessary for many pharmacists to travel considerable distances and absent themselves from their businesses for extended periods. There was in existence a t that time an A. A. C. P. Committee on Distributive Education which was occupied with a study of the benefits under the George-Deen Act and was also preparing a series of

490

JOURNAL OF THE

A ~ R I C APHARMACEUTICAL N ASSOCIATION

teachers outlines for use by instructors under the Act. It was assumed that the A. A. C. P. Committee would take care of publicity on distributive education under the George-Deen Act and so the Committee on Continuation Study decided t o devote its time only t o continuation study as offered under plan “B.#J Two objectives were selected, (1)to obtain and correlate information on methods used t o assemble t h e faculties, prepare the programs and finance the courses, and (2) t o stimulate interest by the pharmacists in continuation study so that they would attend the courses when offered, or, if none was offered in their state, they would demand t h a t steps be taken to offer education of this type. The selection of objectives represented the sumtotal accomplished by the 1941 committee. The 1942 committee, with a changed personnel, was able to accomplish nothing because the members were entirely occupied with unusual work incidental t o the war. The 1943 committee, with three new members, did not entirely agree with the objectives selected by the 1941 committee and so the past year has been spent in reappraising the objectives of the 1941 committee and adjusting the program t o new situations which are expected with the return of discharged war veterans. This has required much correspondence and the Committee is still not unified on a program. Hence t o save the time of future committees we are asking from the House of Delegates advice on certain controversial points. At first the Committee was almost completely in agreement that only continuation sthdy (refresher courses) under plan “B” should be considered, which would include as students both civilian pharmacists and discharged war veterans, who were registered pharmacists before entering the armed forces. But it was discovered that the A. A. C . P. Committee on Alumni Activities had included in its program the study of refresher courses under plan “B” for war veterans and there was raised the question of duplication of effort by the two committees. After the war there will be a group of veterans who will have had hospital and dispensary experience in the armed forces, as pharmacy technician or pharmacist’s mate, but with no collegiate training. Many of them will not even be high-school graduates. The suggestion has been made that this group may expect the opportunity t o enter a “short” or terminal course in pharmacy requiring less than 36 months. The situation was clarified by a recent statement by General Frank T. Hines, Administrator of Veterans A5airs of the United States in which he said: “The Veterans Administration does not itself expect, and will not ask, institutions to set up special programs for veterans. Those in charge of veterans affairs are convinced that the veteran will be better served by the regularly established and proved collegiate programs leading t o degrees.”

Therefore it is apparent that the Veterans Administration will not expect educational institutions to offer special courses for these men. But this does not preclude pressure on legislatures by veterans organizations for temporary changes in laws to lower licensing requirements. However, such “short” courses do not come within the ordinary definition of continuation study. The suggestion has been made that the Committee on Continuation Study of the House of Delegates be abolished in favor of a joint committee for the A. PH.A., A. A. C. P. and N. A. B. P. because the three organizations offer more complete facilities for correlation of existing plans, working out program details, and publicizing continuation study than does any one of the organizations. Such a joint committee might also serve to eliminate duplication of dart by separate committees with overlapping objectives. However it was pointed out that the present committee is really a joint committee in the sense that the House of Delegates represents not only these three organizations but many others. Now we come to the points upon which the Committee would like instructions from the House of Delegates. They are as follows: (1)Shall the Committee on Continuation Study of the House of Delegates be continued as a committee of this body or shall steps be taken t o provide a joint Committee on Continuation Study of the A. PH.A., A. A. C. P. and N. A. B. P.?and (2) Which one (or more) of the following groups of drugstore personnel shall be considered for inclusion in the program: ( a ) All drugstore personnel, for distributive education under the provisions of the George-Deen Act. (b) Registered pharmacists, for distributive education under the provisions of the George-Deen Act. It should be mentioned here that distributive education for registered pharmacists is interpreted t o mean the same as continuation study. (c) Civilian pharmacists, for continuation study under the various plans in use a t the present time. ( d ) Discharged veterans, who were pharmacists in civilian life before entering the armed forces, for continuation study under the plans in use at the present time. If answers to the above questions are forthcoming the committee will be saved much time and needless correspondence can be eliminated. The committee believes that it should be continued. I n view of the fact that many pharmacists returning from the armed forces will want a n opportunity to review fundamentals and learn of new drugs and pharmaceutical techniques and many civilian pharmacists who have been confined t o their businesses more than usual during the war will want to replenish their knowledge and learn of the new drugs it would seem that we can expect a n unprecedented demand for continuation study courses as soon as the war is over.

SCIENTIFIC EDITION

491

Report of the Committee on Local and Student Branches* By Ernest Little The local and student branches of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION have been faced by conditions, during the past year. which were both challenging and severe. This is not to be wondered at or offered as an alibi. The Lame statement might be made relative to most every enterprise and activity in the country. The important thing is that the challenge was met and met successfully. The past year has been a year of progress for our AssoCIATION branches. We are not satisfied with the progress made, but it has been encouraging rather than otherwise. We have had four new branches formed since we last met a t Columbus. The new Northwestern Ohio Local Branch located a t Toledo, Ohio, now numbers 30 members. Its growth has been conservative but continuous. It is experiencing good leadership and will, I believe, enjoy continued success. New student branches have been formed a t the University of BufFalo, Long Island University and the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science. The student branch at Buffalo numbers 17 members. It has cooperated advantageously with the Western New York Local Branch and reports a satisfactory year under difficult conditions. The Brooklyn and Philadelphia Student Branches are large branches, already well organized and ready to contribute richly to the parent organization when anything like normal conditions return to our Colleges of Pharmacy. You will be interested to know that the number of student branch members as of August 1, 1944,was 986. This figure compared with a membership of 996 as of August 1. 1943. M y committee attempted to obtain comparable data relative to local branches but was unable to do so. Many local branch secretaries responded very promptly with the requested information. The data are, however, incomplete and not ready for presentation. Is there any signiiicance attached to the fact that although our student branches are greater in number, they respond more promptly and enthusiastically to requests of this sort than do the secretaries of local branches? I can find a note of encouragement rather than disappointment in this fact. You may be surprised that, with no deferment program for pharmacy students, our membership in student branches should have been so well maintained. The answer is new branches and a larger percentage of pharmacy students holding membership in student branches. The intensity factor has been increased to compensate for a steadily decreasing capacity factor. We believe, however, that more

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH.A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 9, 1944.

favorable conditions lie immediately ahead and that greater progress with less effort will soon be possible. The four new branches organized this year give US a total of forty-seven local and student branches operating in various parts of the country. Fourteen of these are local and thirty-three are student branches. Of these branches, twenty-one have been organized during the past four years. We are especially pleased with the number and activity of our student branches. Our leaders of tomorrow are receiving training in ASSOCIATION work and are, I trust, having awakened in them a feeling of personal responsibility for their profession which will mean more and stronger local branches in the days ahead. Your Committee Chairman has, as best he could during a busy and upset year, kept in touch with the various branches and has attempted to offer suggestions as to program material and other important matters which he thought might prove helpful. These efforts, have, however, been quite inadequate. I look forward to the time, when the finances of the ASSOCIATIONwill permit the appointment of a man on our staff in Washington, D. C. whose chief responsibility will be to keep in touch with and personally visit all local and student branches during every ASSOCIATION year. As the number of branches increase the eiTorts of a part-time chairman become less and less adequate. This is a full-time job and a mighty important one. I urge that some more adequate provision be made a t the earliest opportunity. I wish to acknowledge the efficient and persistent help which Mr. Charles R. Bohrer has rendered my committee during the past several years. Without his help much less would have been accomplished. Mr. Bohrer has, however, had many other matters to attend to and, although I have not discussed the above proposal with him, I believe he would agree with the suggestion. The Chairman of the Committee could also function much more efficiently if all branches would do as 50 many have done and send to him suggestions, relative to programs or any other phase of the branches activities, which he could in turn hand on to other branches. The stronger branches have cooperated well in this regard, but even these stronger branches can be helped by the smaller ones. May we have more mutual cooperation of this sort during the coming year. There are two projects which I trust the Committee on Local and Student Branches will seriously consider in the near future. The f i s t is the district organization of student branches possibly headed up by a national association of Student Branches. This has long been a favorite idea of Dean H. C. Christensen, and I believe it possesses great merit. The district idea has

492

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL

worked successfully in District No. 4 where the project was possibly started by the enthusiasm of Dr. Christensen and made successful by all who played a part in it. The first such district meeting was held at Purdue University in 1942. The second was held in Chicago the followingyear. Both meetings were highly successful and seemed to demonstrate quite definitely the workability of the plan. Student programs were presented and much good resulted both from organizational and social standpoints. Possibly this plan could better be extended when student enrollment is higher, but it very definitely should not be dropped. The other project is the publication of a student branch bulletin. This, of course, should be headed

ASSOCIATION

through our Washington office and would involve some expense to the ASSOCIATION.It is, however, a worthy project. It would greatly stimulate student interest and promote the growth of student branches. Again I might concede that the present may not be the most opportune time to initiate this venture. We should, however, guard against wasting valuable time waiting for a more favorable time to arrive. The work of the Committee on Local and Student Branches has been both pleasant and arduous. The year ahead promises to favor us with increasingly better conditions. May we respond with renewed effort and increasingly greater accomplishment in and the profession which behalf of our ASSOCIATION it represents. UP

Report of the Committee on National Pharmacy Week* By C. R Bobrer National Pharmacy Week observance in 1943 was the University of Maryland, College of Pharmacy, well above that of the previous year regardless of for the best radio script, based upon the professional some misunderstandings with respect to dates. Re- services of pharmacy entered in this contest. The Robert J. Ruth National Pharmacy Week ports received from State and Local Associations, Colleges of Pharmacy and the pharmaceutical press Trophy, awarded annually by the F. W. D. A. for indicated a wider and more comprehensiveparticipa- the best window display, was won bypharmacist S.F. tion. Entries in the various contests were more nu- Higger, Higger Drugs, 5017 Connecticut Avenue, merous and of a general higher quality than in 1942. Washington, D. C. This Trophy will be awarded by Many radio addresses were delivered over local and Mr. Ray Schlotterer, Executive Secretary, Federal sectional radio hookups by individuals, associations Wholesale Druggists Association, during the final and colleges. Copies of these addresses showed General Session of this meeting. Certificates of them to be of high quality with content interesting merit were awarded to the following retail pharmato the public. Many talks were made before civic cies for outstanding displays : Glenbrook Pharmacy, and other groups during Pharmacy Week by phar- Glenbrook, Conn. ; Read’s Pharmacy, Baltimore; macists. Various local groups banded together and Kenmore Pharmacy, Boston; Nicholas Edge, carried group institutional advertising, obtained Philadelphia; J. W. Holt, Meridian, Miss.; Heinz editorials and news articles in local and sectional Drug Company, Salt Lake City; Owens Pharmacy newspapers. An outstanding piece of work along Jersey City; Reid Drug Company, Athens; Ga.; this line was accomplished by the Bergen County, Paul A. Lyon Pharmacy, New Lisbon, Wis. First prize in the collegedivision of the display conNew Jersey, pharmacists. Many individual pharmacies also did exceptional work in publicizing this test was won by the Southern College of Pharmacy, event. Pharmacists in many cities obtained proc- Atlanta, Georgia. This award is a loving cup given ASSOCIATION. lamations from mayors and some State Associa- by the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL tions procured similar statements from Governors. First and second honorable mention in the college President Roosevelt again issued greetings to phar- class were awarded to Temple University College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, and the Massachusetts macy on that occasion. State Association secretaries and officials were College of Pharmacy, Boston, respectively. All window displays were judged by a special comcooperative and state pharmacy week committees were appointed and were active in many states. mittee composed of George H. Frates, N. A. R. D. The pharmaceutical press was most considerate in Washington representative; Harold C. Kinner, giving space in their publications and commenting secretary of the District of Columbia Board of Pharmacy and D. C. Pharmaceutical Association; on the event editorially. A new contest was inaugurated for students in L. M. Kantner. secretary of the Maryland Board of schools or colleges of pharmacy. A $25.00War Bond Pharmacy; Henry W. Heine, Drugs and Cosmetics was awarded to Mr. INin Friedman, freshman a t Section of the War Production Board; and Glenn Sonnedecker, editor of the Practical Pharmacy Edi* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH. A.. tion of our JOURNAL. The radio broadcast contest for pharmacy students was judged by a special comCleveland, Ohio, September 9, 1944.

SCIENTIFIC EDITION mittee consisting of George H. Frates, I. A. Tennyson, Maxwell & Tennyson Professional Pharmacies; and Glenn Sonnedecker. Pharmacy Week plans for 1944 were begun early in the year. At the joint meeting of the Executive Committee of the N. A. R. D. and the Council of the A. PH. A. i t was agreed t o consolidate National Pharmacy Week Committees, t o enlarge the personnel to fifteen, t o have both N. A. R. D. and A. PH.A. members on t h e Committee and t o have the Committee come under the jurisdiction of the A. PH. A. Both organizations agreed t o continue t o support the event financially as had been done in previous years. This same plan was adopted with respect to other committees in which both groups were interested. Following this plan the following committee was named and approved: Charles R. Bohrer, Chairman; A. Lee Adams, A. R. Granito, Emil C. Horn, Harold V. Darnell, Llewellyn L. Eisentraut, Leonard J. Dueker, Bernard A. Bialk, Ralph Bienfang, Edward A. Hay, Julian W. Holt, E. W. Gibbs, Walter Rhodes, and Louis J. Fischl. Bulletins and publicity have already been issued regarding 1944 observance and much work has been done in planning for this year. Publications, state associations and state pharmacy week committees have been furnished complete information and much interest is already evidenced. A poster will be furnished to every state association without cost for distribution in the respective states. Requests from state associations have been received for 35,000 posters. Mats for newspaper use by retail pharmacists will be made available through the same source and prints from which cuts

49b

can be made have been sent all pharmaceutical publications. Twenty articles for use as radio talks or addresses before civic or other groups are available, any three being sent upon request without charge. The Robert J. Ruth Trophy will again be offered this year for the outstanding window display and trophy cups offered by the A. PH.A. will be presented t o the college and state association having the best display in their classes. The special contest for pharmacy students has been continued this year with a $25.00 War Bond being offered for the best essay on the subject, “How t o Improve the Professional Status of Pharmacy.” This contest closed on August 16 and was judged by a special committee composed of Harold Kinner. Commander Paul F. Briggs, U. S. N. R., and Glenn Sonnedecker. Entries were received from many colleges all of which were of unusual merit. The judges rated the entry of Miss Marian Nita Weiner, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, as being the most meritorious and arrangements have been made t o make the award in the near future. The winning essay will be published in the forthcoming issue of the Practical Pharmacy Edition of our JOURNAL and will be made available for general publication and use. From the interest demonstrated t o date it is believed that 1944observance will be the best and most widespread in recent years. The Committee desires t o take this opportunity t o thank all of those who have been so generous in giving their time, talent and effort in helping t o make National Pharmacy Week more successful.

Report of Professional Relations Committee* By Cbarles H. Evans

-

The acute shortage within the ranks of physicians and pharmacists, due t o war conditions, has again seriously interfered with the activities of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATIONProfessional Relations Committee. Some phases of the work instituted in recent months by individuals, committees and associations has been curtailed. Personal contacts by pharmacists, as well as various other activities, have been difficult t o continue with the calling off of local, district and state meetings. Notwithstanding, reports have been received indicating that in many instances an interchange of speakers has been made at medical and pharmaceutical meetings. Material for talks before medical groups has been made available from the Headquarters Building. Articles in the Productive Detailing series begun two years ago have been con-

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH. A. Cleveland, Ohio, September 9,1944.

tinued. Much favorable publicity for pharmacy through better professional relations has appeared in both the medical and pharmaceutical press. One incident which merited particular attention and received much publicity was the program instituted at the Medical College of Virginia by the School,of Pharmacy in devoting more attention t o the teaching of prescription writing and pharmacology among the medical students. As a result, this program has been undertaken in other schools where medicine and pharmacy are taught and the need for such a program has been further emphasized by President Kretschmer in his recent address before the American Medical Association. Last year at the Columbus meeting i t was suggested that on account of t h e work involved, with a widely scattered committee of fifteen and with little opportunity for meetings, it would be advisable for the details connected with the work of the committee to be handled by the staff at the Headquar-

494

JOURNAL OF TIIE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

ters Building, where material could be assembled and requests for talks, etc., could be taken care of. This procedure was followed and Dr. Kelly, Mr. Bohrer. Editor Sonnedecker and the Headquarters staff are t o be commended for the splendid cooperation they have given in carrying on the work of the Committee. Dr. P. A. Foote. a member of our Committee and Director of the Professional Relations Bureau of the University of Florida, and also chairman of the Professional Relations Committee of the A. A. C. p., realizing the vast amount of work involved in an undertaking of this kind suggested that the Professional Relations Committee give thought t o a national setup embracing the A. PH.A., the N.A.R.D., theA.A. C. P . a n d t h e N . A.B.P. This proposal was discussed in a conference during the Third District Meeting of the Boards and Colleges with Dr. Foote, President Griffith. Dean R. C. Wilson and your Chairman. The proposal

was endorsed in principle and submitted to Secretary Kelly and Secretary Dargavel of the N. A. R. D. They endorsed the proposal and i t was presented t o the Council of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION a t the spring meeting. Dr. Kelly was instructed t o confer with Mr. Dargavel regarding the setting up of such a committee. It is possible that at the coming Council meeting in Cleveland PHARMACEUTICAL Assoor at the joint AMERICAN CIATION Council-N. A. R.D. Executive Committee Meeting details may be worked out whereby pharmacy through these four associations can unite upon a broader program of better professional relations. To this end and purpose we solicit the earnest cooperation of each member of the respective associations which now are carrying on separate professional relations program. I n the meantime, suggestions and comments regarding this proposal and any other phase of professional relations work are solicited.

Report of the Joint Committee of the American Pharmaceutical Association-American Social Hygiene Association* By Robert Stimulated by the activities of the Joint Committee of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL AssoCIATION and the American Social Hygiene Association, pharmacists continued to play a key role in 1944 in the wartime educational campaign against the venereal diseases. The importance of the Joint Committee’s program to the nation’s wartime and all-time fight against these infections arises primarily from the fact that pharmacists, practicing their profession in this country’s 50,000 or more drugstores, are in daily contact with millions of people, a considerable percentage of whom look on the pharmacist as a friend and counsellor in matters of health. It has been estimated that a considerable proportion of the persons eventually going to a physician for treatment for syphilis or gonorrhea first mention their ailments t o pharmacists. It is clearly important that pharmacists should b e willing and able t o give correct information and refer such inquiries to the proper sources of accurate diagnosis and treatment. The Joint Committee has been in existence for some four and one-halfyears. By enlisting the interest and active support of a constantly increasing

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PK. A., Cleveland, Ohio, September, 9, 1944.

P. Pischelis number of Pharmacists, the Joint Committee has been able to set national, state and local programs in motion, and to make substantial progress toward the goals it has set for itself. A summary of the activities of the Committee since our last annual report follows: 1. Pharmacists all over the country participated in Social Hygiene Day programs during the month of February, 1944, by arranging window displays, distributing literature, speaking on radio forums and serving on community Social Hygiene Day Committees. I n preparation for this event, complete kits of materials, bulletins and letters were sent to all secretaries of State Pharmaceutical Associations, secretaries of State Boards of Pharmacy, deans of pharmacy colleges, and editors of pharmaceutical journals. Approximately Nteen State pharmaceutical journals ran special articles on the social hygiene program. Connecticut pharmacists continued the outstanding work started in Bridgeport over a year ago under the leadership of Mr. Louis Kazin, who heads the public health activities of the Connecticut Pharmaceutical Association. .The Connecticut Pharmaceutical Association voted t o extend the Bridgeport program t o the entire State and, working closely with the American Social Hygiene Association, the Connecticut State Health Department and the

495

SCIENTIFIC EDITION Connecticut State War Council, made considerable progress during the past year. The New York State Pharmaceutical Association distributed to pharmacies 400 sets of window displays and 20,000 copies of “A Tip From Your Pharmacist.” The State Tuberculosis and Health Association bought the winow displays from the American Social Hygiene Association and sent them t o their local societks. who in turn contacted pharmacists and arranged for these displays to he shown in their windows. An outstanding contribution was made in New Jersey where the State Health Department and the State Pharmaceutical Association, in cooperation provided each of the State’s 1800 drugstores with a counter display card produced by the American Social Hygiene Association, and fifty copies of a leaflet entitled “A Tip From Your Pharmacist,” and arranged several broadcasts of a radio forum, under the title “With These Weapons We Can Win,” in which pharmacists took part. One hundred sets of pharmacy window displays were distributed by the Philadelphia Department of Health to pharmacists in the City. The Executive Secreatry of the Ohio State Pharmaceutical Association reported that his office distributed 1100 copies of “Target For Today,” a circular highlighting the objectives of Social Hygiene Day. In Cleveland, Ohio, fifty druggists in Greater Cleveland requested posters and pamphlets published by the U. S. Public Health Service and the American Social Hygiene Association, which were made available through the Venereal Disease Control Officer, Dr. Roy L. Kill. Some of the larger chain drugstores agreed t o display five-foot exhibits prepared by the Cleveland Health Museum. Dr. L. Burkett, acting Executive Health Officer of Flint, Michigan, ordered 1000 imprinted copies of “A Tip From Your Pharmacist,” and 100 pharmacy counter cards which he made available to the pharmacists in his city. 2. More than half a million copies of “A Tip From Your Pharmacist” have been distributed by pharmacists to date, and the demands for additional copies keep mounting, thanks t o the unflagging interest of the secretaries of State pharmaceutical associations, local health authorities, individual pharmacists and the public at large. 3. News releases and special stories have been prepared for publication in State, regional and national pharmaceutical journals. The American Social Hugiene Association’s Annual Report, which included an account of pharmacy’s contribution t o the campaign against venereal diseases, was sent with a special letter and news release t o State pharmaceutical association officials, journal editors, Pharmacy Board secretaries and deans of pharmacy schools. 4. Field representatives and officers of the American Social Hygiene Association, augmenting the efforts of affiliated societies and national head-

quarters, have established contact with many State and local pharmaceutical groups t o enlist their support in community social hygiene programs. In many cases, they have stimulated State and local health officers t o supply educational materials for distribution by pharmacists. Arrangements were made by the Joint Committee for field representatives to speak a t several annual meetings of State pharmaceutical associations. Dr. Walter Clarke, Executive Director of the American Social Hygiene Association, gave a talk under the auspices of the Northern New Jersey Pharmaceutical Association, a t the Rutgers University, School of Pharmacy. Dr. Clarke also spoke at a meeting of the New York PHARMACEUTICAL AssoBranch of the AMERICAN CIATION held a t the Fordham University, School of Pharmacy. 5. Dr. Ivor Griffith, President of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION,spoke on “Pharmacy Mobilized Against VD” as one of three speakers participating in a forum entitled, “New Contributions of Powerful Allies t o Social Hygiene,” presented by the American Social Hygiene Association at the National Conference of Social Work in Cleveland, Ohio, on May 25, 1944. This program, presented by the American Social Hygiene Association as a n associate group of the Conference, was sponsored by over thirty national and local health and welfare organizations and Dr. Griffith’s contribution to the program was considered an unusually effective presentation of the part that pharmacists can play in this important field of public health activity.

FUTURE PROGRESS The activities of the Joint Committee of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION and the American Social Hygiene Association c d e d on thus far indicate that the greatest results will be gained in the future by developing the program along the following limes:

1. Steps t o improve and extend the teaching of public health methods and communicable disease control in schools of pharmacy. 2. Special efforts t o stimulate participation of pharmacists in all phases of Social Hygiene Day activities. 3. Preparation of news releases, graphic material and feature stories for pharmaceutical publications. The Joint Committee believes that inclusion of representatives of pharmacy on Social Hygiene Society boards and committees, and on official State and local boards of health, health councils, etc., would greatly aid in t h e steady and permanent development of this work. Members of the Joint Committee of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL A s s o c I A T I o N - A ~ ~ ~ ~Social ~~~c~~ Hygiene Association are: Robert P. Fischelis. Chairman, Walter Clark, Secretary, Theodore Campbell, Jr., A. G. DuMez, Adolph Jacoby, E. F. Kelly, Charles Kurtzhalz aud Joseph E. Raycroft.

496

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

Report of Committee on Legislation* By A. L I. Winnc Your Committee on Legislation wishes t o make the following report. During the past 12 months there have been but few laws enacted in the National Field which are of interest t o pharmacy, but there have been a number of pieces of legislation under consideration which are of importance t o our group. Your Committee is indebted t o Secretary Kelly’s office and to Mr. George H. F r a t s , Washington representative of the N. A. R. D., for valuable material used in preparing this report, and wishes to express thanks.

S 1764.-This bill amends the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942 by extending its life t o December 31, 1945. Passed and signed by the President. S 1767.-This is designated as the “Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944.” It provides for Federal aid for readjustment in civilian life for returning World War I1 veterans. Among its provisions is that of providing for training or education for returned veterans, providing for a home, farm or business, and it also has provisions covering unemployment compensation, not t o exceed 52 weeks. Passed and signed by the President. HR4881.-This bill was enacted into law and signed by the President, and amends the Narcotic Law by including as a Narcotic drug “isonipecaine” -( Demerol). HR4615.-A bill to establish a division in the Public Health Service for the investigation and control of tuberculosis, and for other purposes, was passed in the House, but there has been no action on this bill in the Senate. H R 4624.-A bill codifying the laws relating to Public Health Service, and by its terms puts pharmacy on the same basis as other health professions in the Public Health Service. Passed and signed by the President. The following bills have been introduced but t o date have not been acted upon: S 1913.-A bill t o improve the position of small business enterprises. HR5029.-This is a bill to provide for the deferment in each calendar year, under the Selective Service Act, of not less than six thousand medical students. It is not thought that this bill has much chance of passage. HR 4708.-This is a bill relating to amending the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act so as to provide that a preparation con‘taining any quantity of boric acid must bear a warning t o the effect that the preparation is poisonous if used internally. Selective Service.-Under a Selective Service ruling College of Pharmacy students became

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH.A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 9, 1944.

subject to induction after July 1, 1944. This ruling has already had a serious effect on the enrollment of College of Pharmacy students. Classes at present are composed largely of women and 4-F’s. Returned Veterans.-Attention of pharmacists should be directed to the fact that pharmacists now in the armed services, upon honorable discharge, may apply for their former positions within forty days after their &lease. These positions must be open to them or a position of like seniority, status and pay. A private employer is not required to reinstate a veteran if circumstances have so changed as t o make it unreasonable or impossible t o do so. Pharmacy Corps in the Army.-Attention should be directed a t this time t o the fact that while the Pharmacy Corps of the U. S. Army has been authorized by law, and while examinations were held during the latter part of January and the early part of February, 1944, so far no announcement has been made of the successful applicants, and there are stated to be at present 52 unfilled commissions out of the 72 prescribed by law. Although the law permits the creation of a Pharmacy Corps in the Army of the U. S. no effort has been made by the War Department to expand the Corps. Navy Pharmacy Corps.-In passing, attention should be directed to the fact that an effort is under way t o create a Pharmacy Corps in the U. S. Navy. A committee is at work on this measure at the present time, and conferences with high ranking officers have resulted in the drafting of a proposed bill. To date, however, this measure has not been introduced. Wagner-Murray-Dingell Bill.-This bill, which has been referred t o before in our reports, is still pending and there is strong agitation for public hearings on the measure. While there is strong opposition t o the measure from professional groups, certain pressure groups are very active in its support. Prescription Pricing.-The Office of Price Administration insists that the fee received by a pharmacist for compounding and dispensing a prescription shall be no higher than the price as it was in March, 1942. Contention of the OPA is that commodities and services are virtually one and the same thing. Under ruling made elsewhere in government service professional services are exempt from price control. Fair Trade.-It is worth noticing in this report a changed attitude of the OPA with reference t o where a fixed ceiling price happens t o be lower than a Fair Trade minimum price. This situation was in some sections a serious one. It seemed to have been cleared up by OPA amendment Number 62 to GMPR. lj Legend.-I wish to call attention to the fact that the Food and Drug Administration has a t the

SCIENTIFIC EDITION present time under consideration the revamping of the prescription legend, behind which many manufacturers have hidden in the labeling of their products. The purpose of the revamping would be to prevent manufacturers from continuing the use of the legend, “to be used only by or under the direction of physician” for common drug products and household remedies. Vitamin Decisions.--Your attention is directed to decisions on the subject of vitamin preparations

497

rendered in several of the states recently. One of the most recent ones is that made by the Attorney General of the State of New York. The weight of his decision seems to be that concentrated vitamins are drugs, and his opinion is that they must be dispensed and sold only by registered pharmacists. Similar decisions have been rendered in other states. In states where no opinions have thus far been secured it would seem advisable for pharmacists to give serious consideration to the subject.

Report of Committee on Prescription Tolerances * By J. K. Aftwood The report on prescription tolerances is the continuation of the work of this Committee for the past three years and during this period twelve hundred inspections have been made. The fist year there were approximately nine hundred stores and then a recheck on three hundred including uptown, suburban, city and small town stores so that we have a cross section of all types of stores. It has been

gratifying to observe the marked improvement in standard equipment that regular inspections have prompted. However, the real answer is a minimum equipment law. If a uniform law of this type were introduced in state legislatures, I believe that little opposition would be observed. Maryland, I believe, was the first state to have such a law passed and other states have modelled their laws after it.

Report of the Committee on Dental Pharmacy* By George C Scbicks Just as the present world crisis has been the laboratory for phenominal progress in scientiiic and medical research, and new formulas and new procedures are finding their way into even the most remote corners of the world, so dental pharmacy has in its limited way been employed in far flung battle zones and isolated bases, and members of the Dental Committee have supplied information to Pharmacists’ Mates and Hospital Pharmacists in many corners of the globe. One pharmacist wrote from a base hospital in the barren, frozen North, asking for formulas for desensitizing pastes and pastes used in local anesthesia. The grateful dentists soon passed the word around that the hospital pharmacist could manufacture anything. Even nurses needed but to ask for white shoe polish and he was able to grant their request. A common request from dentists in the armed services is for a topical anesthetic producing a minimum of sloughing after application to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Seventy per cent (70%) alcohol and ten per cent ( l O ~ o ) benzocaine has always been popular and very efficient, but a better preparation can now be made with the same percentage of benzocaine in propylene glycol. With this preparation there is little or no dehydration of the tissue as is the case when alcohol is used. The

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH.A.. Cleveland, Ohio, September 9, 1944.

preparation is either applied directly to the mucous membrane or the surface is wiped with a pledget of cotton before the preparation is applied. About two minutes should be allowed to elapse before the hypodermic needle is inserted. If this method is followed, pain from needle puncture is eliminated. Other requests have come for information concerning the uses of sulfa drugs in both root canal work and in the treatment of dry sockets, the use of sodium fluoride as a desensitizingagent, and directions for cold instrument sterilization. It seems probable that, after the war, returning dentists having become more dependent upon pharmacists in military hospital posts and bases will seek the professional services of the pharmacists upon returning to civilian practice. Although dentists have always welcomed the offer of professional service on the part of the pharmacist, heretofore, most of the initiative has had to be on the part of the pharmacist. During the year, some contacts have been made with dentists in civilian practice. This has been accomplished largely through the individual efforts of the pharmacist, either by mail or when the dentist came into the drugstore. Pharmacists have been so short of help that personal interviews at the dentist’s office have been next to impossible. One article “The Pharmacist’s Future Opportunity with Dentists” written by your Chairman,

498

JOURNAL OF THE

AMERICANFH ’ ARMACEUTICAL

was published in The Merck Report in January, 1944. During the coming year i t is hoped t h a t a new phase of dental pharmacy may be encouraged and even developed where possible. The opportunities for more dental pharmacy being practiced in hospitals throughout the United States needs t o be explored and is not without significance. It is in the hospital that the medical and dental intern learns how to prescribe. Here is a real test of the resourcefulness, ingenuity and cooperation of the hospital pharmacist. The prescribing habits interns form

ASSOCIATION

will be carried over into their practice when the period of institutional experience is over. When the intern leaves the hospital his habits of prescribing will have been established. It should be a challenge to the hospital pharmacist to re3der such a quality of service that the dental and medical intern and the staff physician and dentists will have the same dependence upon pharmacy outside the hospital as they had within. This influence upon professional men can become one of the greatest contributions t o the profession of pharmacy.

Report of the Committee on Nominations By CbarZes H. Evans The Committee on Nominations unanimously agreed to submit the following names as nominees

for officers of the AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION for the year 1945-1946.

For President Forest J. Goodrich, Dean, College of Pharmacy.. .......................... Earl R. Serles, Dean, College of Pharmacy.. .............................. R. C. Wilson, Dean, School of Pharmacy.. ................................

Seattle, Wash. .Chicago, Ill. .Athens, Ga.

For First Vice-president

A. Lee Adams, Retail Pharmacist; Board of Pharmacy. .....................

L. M. Kantner, Board of Pharmacy.. ..................................... J. A. Reese, Dean, School of Pharmacy.. .................................

Glencoe, Ill. .Baltimore, Md. .Lawrence, R a n

For Second Vice-President Harold V. Darnell, Secretary, State Association. ............................ Indianapolis, Ind. A. P. Gegenheimer, Retail Pharmacist; Board of Pharmacy.. ................Cleveland Heights 0 Newel1 W. Stewart, Retail Pharmacist; Board of Pharmacy.. ................Phoenix, Ariz.

For Membershifi on the Council

J. K. Attwood, Retail Pharmacist; Board of Pharmacy.. .................... .Jacksonville, Fla. George D. Bed, Pharmaceutical Chemist; Research Director. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pittsburgh, Penna. C. H. Evans, Retail Pharmacist.. ......................................... Warrenton, Ga. R. P. Fischelis, Pharmacist; War Production Board.. ...................... .Trenton, N. J. Herbert H. Gerding, Retail Pharmacist.. ................................. .Wayne, Ind. Glenn L. Jenkins, Dean, School of Pharmacy. ............................. .Lafayette, Ind. R. A. Kuever, Dean, College of Pharmacy.. ............................... .Iowa City, Iowa E. T. Motley, Dean, School of Pharmacy.. ................................ .Columbia, S. C. Roy L. Sanford, Retail Pharmacist; Board of Pharmacy. ....................Enid, Okla.

Officers Elected by the House of Delegates Honorary President Leonard A. Seltzer, Retail Pharmacist. ...................................

.Detroit, Mich.

Secretary

E. F. Kelly, Pharmacist.. ................................................

.Washington, D. C

Treasurer

Hugo €3. Schaefer, Dean, College of Pharmacy.. ...........................

.Brooklyn, N. Y.

499

SCIENTIFIC EDITION Chairman of the House of Delegates S.

H. Dretzka, Secretary, Board of Pharmacy.. ............................

Vue-Chairman of the House of Delegates E. L. Hammond, Dean, School of Pharmacy.. .............................

.Milwaukee, Wis. .University, Miss.

Third Session The Third Session of the House of Delegates was called to order by Chairman Jenkins a t 2:OO p. m. on Saturday, September 9. The reading of the minutes of the preceding Session and the roll call were omitted from the program. There were no reports or other communications from the ASSOCIATION, the Council and the Sections. Accordingly, $he meeting continued with the reports of the various committees which included the following: Committee on Membership (page 499), by Charles R. Bohrer; the Committee on State Food and Drug Legislation (page 500), by Sylvester H. Dretzka; the Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature (page 501), by Heber W. Youngken; the Committee on Physiological Testing (page 501), by L. +W. Rowe; the Committee on Lay Press Relations and Radio Publicity (page 502), by Glenn Sonnedecker; the Committee an the William Procter, Jr. Monument Fund (page 503), by James E. Hancock, and the Pharmaceutical Syllabus Committee (page 503) by Henry M.Burlage.

The final report of the Committee on Resolutions (page 504) was then presented by Chairman Little. A motion for reconsideration of Resolution No. 15 was made by Dr. Hugo H. Schaefer and seconded by Dr. Ernest Little and adopted unanimously. Dr. Schaefer then moved that the resolution be approved in principle and referred to the Council for appropriate action. This motion was seconded and adopted unanimously. Chairman Jenkins then called for any resolutions to be offered from the floor. A Resolution (No. 18) was offered commending President Griffith and Chairman Jenkins for their service during the past year and as presiding officers of the General Sessions and the Sessions of the House of Delegates, respectively. Following the adoption of the resolutions by the House of Delegates, Chairman Jenkins introduced Chairman-elect S. H. Dretzka and Vice-Chairmanelect E. L. Hammond, who were installed with appropriate ceremony. The Third and final Session of the House of Delegates adjourned at 5:30 p. m.

Report of the Committee on Membership* By Charles R. Bobrev Dr. Kelly, Chairman of this Committee has requested that the committee report be given by the vice-chairman who has been actively directing the effort. The work of the Committee has been organized and carried along the lines provided for in the Constitution and By-Laws of the ASSOCIATION. State membership committees have been appointed in every state and each committee has been furnished with application forms, form letters, membership lists and other help. So far this year these committees have been active and effective. In several states they have sent mailings to all pharmacists in the state which have already been productive in obtaining new members. The membership committees appointed last year

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH.A., Cleveland, Ohio. SeDtember 9, 1944.

did splendid work and in a number of states the quota established was reached or exceeded. The total quota of 2500 new members was reached. A breakdown of new members received from the year to beginning of the 1942-1943 ASSOCIATION December 1, 1943, shows that 35.5% of them are retail pharmacists. A breakdown of dues paid members as of February 10, 1944, shows 41.8% being retail pharmacists. Two thousand two hundred twenty-two new members have been added since the 1943 meeting. Student memberships will be included in the report of the Committee on Local and Student Branches, but since they are a part of membership we deem it worth while to report that regardless of the war and the inroads of selective service on the colleges we have added several student branches this past year. This committee, along with the state membership Committees will continue its work for the rest of the

500

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN P ~ W U T I C A ASSOCIATION L

year and additional memberships are expected to be received. A test to determine the effectiveness of a membership effort by mail will be carried out during

the next few months, and if found worth while will probably be recommended to the Council for extension.

Report of the Committee on State Food and Drug Legislation* By Sylvester H. Dtvtzka State Food and Drug legislation is important. We know that; and our understanding has been increased by the thorough research and clarity of expression of the preceding chairmen of this committee. The past year, having been a nonlegislative year, there is not much to report in t h e matter of uniform state laws patterned after the Federal Food. Drug, and Cosmetic Act. However, legislation is germinating at all times. The influence of knowledge and group interest which result in written laws are always stirring. And the courts are called upon to interpret these written laws in legislative “offyears,” as well as when legislatures convexie. Also, there is no sine die adjournment of offices of States Attorneys General, from which offices far-reaching opinions have come. Let me illustrate: a dozen or more states have received opinions from their Attorneys General declaring vitamins in concentrated form t o be “drugs.” Such opinions are more easily obtained by states havings acts in which the tam drug is defined as found in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The benefits of such rulings are at once apparent. They establish a precedent for states having similar definitions, and may somewhat set the pattern for judicial thinking. I n such instances, uniform laws provide immediate advantages, and this should accelerate the adoption of uniform legislation. However, mere uniformity itself should not be our motivating thought in securing legislation. We should be discriminating in our analysis of proposed uniform legislation. The desire t o be uniform should not exceed the desire t o be exact and correct. There are at t h e present time several proposed uniform state acts. State legislative committees should be on the alert to discern the merit or demerit in each detail of such acts. Objections have been raised to some details of most uniform acts, and these should be given careful and sympathetic attention. On t h e other hand, we are sure of certain gains in the adoption of uniform acts because of their very detail. An example of such a gain is the provision, common in uniform acts, by which drugs may be confiscated, which have become substandard. Obsolescence of pharmaceuticals is a public hazard. Proposed uniform acts need not be adopted in their entirety. A strong measure of uniformity can be achieved by adopting certain meritorious subsections of the federal act. Then, too, individual

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH. A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 9, 1944.

features can be adopted, such as the provision as found in the Wisconsin law where it is required that labels show compliance with the federal act. We wish t o compliment organized pharmacy for its persistence in seeking t o convey to t h e federal government t h e pharmaceutical viewpoint with regard t o the prescription legend. That an understanding of our viewpoint is growing is apparent. The public obtains no protection from a legend which requires a doctor’s prescription, where the substance in fact does not require prescribing. In such instance, an impasse is created in the marketing of the drug. This may be a good place to refer to the broad possibilities for cooperation between t h e State and Federal officials in the work of education and enforcement. The Food and Drug Administration publishes regular trade correspondence, referred to as “T. C. Reports,” in which inquiries of drug manufacturers and others are given written reply. Copies of these reports may and should be obtained by state officials. Similarly, there is valuable information in t h e “Food and Drug Review” of the Food and Drug Administration, which also is available along with the “Notices of Judgment under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.” Even more than this, we could extend the idea of our state officials acting in the capacity of commissioned enforcement officers with authority t o represent the Federal Food and Drug Administration in enforcement work. This practice is in effect today, in some states, and could be broadened. We wonder, in the thinking about the need for legislative controls in the drug field, whether we pharmacists are not a p t to lean too heavily on the conquest of statutes. I n other words, we feel that where controls are necessary we must “get a law on the books.” As good pharmacists and good Americans, we understand that the democratic process is not one where laws are enactedfor the people. They are enacted by the people. We point this out as a suggestion t o guide our efforts at obtaining legislation. We must go to the people with our legislative needs. A restrictive law meets popular resentment, unless its need is understood. We ought t o consider that. We ought to contribute more of what we know, to the public ear. The public is eager t o learn about drugs, and their use and misuse. An appeal to the public to support measures controlling the compounding and dispensing of drugs will further purify our demands. We cannot appeal to them to enact laws protecting

SCIENTIFIC EDITION what is purely a matter of commercial interest t o us. We must rest our case on the needs of the public. And that is as it should be; and that should be our goal. One selfish law can do pharmacy more harm than any other blunder, because a drug law is largely restrictive. The public welfare, in health matters, should not be diagnosed by the pharmacist alone. He is not alone concerned with public health. The great questions of the need for control of drugs ought t o be made known and clarified t o a council of our allied professions which will include physicians, nurses and dentists, so that we may gain their legislative cooperation and support. Here would be an authoritative and unchallengeable voice for the public interest. One voice from such a body would be a medical gospel, far superior t o any claim made by pharmacy alone. I n conjunction with such a “supreme court” for health, pharmacy should organize its forces for a broadside and detailed informing of t h e public, by means of popular magazines, professional meetings and literature, the radio, personal contacts in drugstores and cafying the word t o the men and women who speak through legislatures and laws. Here would be a team to “carry the ball,” a n all-professional council and a n intelligent information service. We want you to understand why we are concerned with t h e origin of legislation. Legislation is democratic. It starts from the will of the people, and abides by their wishes. It is not mandatory; it is responsive. Legislation is conceived and grows

50 I

before eriactment. Our job is with us during this germination period of the law. The closing stages arrive when the proposed statute is before the legislature. It is too late then t o start educating the people as to t h e need for the restrictions of the law. The opportunity is gone. We may, desite this, get the law enacted. But it will not be a people’s law. It will be special-group legislation. Laws for t h e public welfare are not special interest laws. Permit us t o bring t o your minds an example or two of the matters which a medical council should consider, and which the people ought t o know about. Take the instance of vitamins. What is t h e basis of the need for control? Do t h e professions understand it? Do the people who will soon feel these controls understand it t o the point where compliance will follow? Deliberation by such a council may lead toconsiderations other than food and drug legislation. Common problems such as t h e dispensing of “dangerous drugs” by office help of physicians may be solved. Let us decide impartially on the requirements of the public welfare in this question, and then go to the people. We could multiply illustrations, but this one example will suffice. As individuals we may feel that we know the answers. But we must reckon with the point of view of qur fellows. An all-professional council would correct individual viewpoints, and find the true position. We would then carry our message t o t h e public whose welfare we all wish t o serve.

Report of the Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature* By Heber

There is little to report on “Standardized Plant Names” except a sales and cost statement. On March 24, 1944,Dr. J. Horace McFarland reported for his Company which publishes this work that the total cost to date was $30,102 and the sales $16,233.28.

W.Youngken The sales have been reported as steady. It is believed that a reduction in the price of the current edition, published in 1942, which sells for $10.50, might stimulate sales, but war conditions are such that the publishers seem to think this action should be postponed for a time.

Report of the Committee on Physiological Testing * By L. W. Rowe

After setting up a program last year and doing some work involving t h e comparative evaluation of digitalis activity of several samples by the official cat method and the LD frog method, your committee

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH. A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 9, 1944.

was advised to wait and collaborate with the U. S. P. and A. D. M. A. committees on this subject. A conference was to have been held late last fall to consider a proper program for the collaborative work but this was never called by the U. S. P. authorities SO that all work by your committee was held in abeyance for the year.

502

JOURNAL OF THFCAMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

Report of Committee on Lay Press Relations and Radio Publicity* By Glenn Somedecker THISASSOCIATION traditionally has diverted little Expense has been shared by the Practical Pharof its energy toward seeking the glaring spotlight of macy Edition of the JOURNAL, since the photographic publicity. Yet there has been a growing realization, equipment will be a valuable adjunct to the pubexpressed in a resolution last year, of the need for a lication. The equipment will also be available t o strong public relations program for pharmacy. the A. Pn. A. laboratory staff. A few months ago the National Pharmacy ComThe committee is now in a position to offer edimittee on Public Information was established for torial and pictorial service to the ASSOCIATION and this purpose by various branches of the profession. its affiliated organizations for public relations purThe chairman of the ASSOCIATION’S Committee on poses. Any member who wishes assistance of this Lay Press Relations and other members of the head- kind is invited t o write t o the chairman at ASSOCIAquarters staff have cooperated by giving help and TION headquarters. information t o this group. The ASSOCIATION is All prints of permanent value. including portraits represented on the executive committee by Secre- of pharmacy leaders, are being placed in a photo file. tary Kelly. A wide selection of photographs on pharmaceutical The program being attempted is far beyond t h e subjects is available on request. scope of the facilities available t o t h e ASSOCIATION’S Several months ago t h e committee prepared a file committee in past years. To date this in no way of addressograph plates covering science writers for nullifies the need for our committee to publicize lay publications. Addressograph files covering professional events and achievements related to t h e medical, dental and pharmaceutical publications ASSOCIATIONand its members. were already available in t h e A. PH.A. offices. During the year the committee has issued about As a project for t h e coming year t h e committee 20 press releases’to lay and professional publications, recommends the filming of a technicolor motion picplus current convention publicity. This iS supple- ture on the activities of the ASSOCIATION. When a n mentary t o the Bulletin service for the publications appropriation is requested from the Council, a deand key men of pharmacy issued from other offices tailed outline of the proposed scenario will be suba t the Institute. When adequate personnel is avail- mitted. able, it is recommended that all ASSOCIATION maIf a commercial motion picture producer handled terial for the press be cleared through, or prepared all details, the cost is estimated at $4000,but under by, one office and issued under a distinctive title, the committee’s plan it is believed that this modern, such as the Information Department of the A. Pn. A. dramatic method of promoting the ASSOCIATION The committee has recently prepared a spgial could be utilized at a cost of $500 to $600. The letterhead, using the title “Information Service,” committee would prepare the scenario and t h e for its releases and correspondence. In the latter “takes.” The photography would be handled by category, scores of information letters have been pre- t h e present photographer for the JOURNAL, using pared during the year supplying special types of 16-mm. Kodachrome film. material for publishers of compendia, books and We realize that this project, and others I shall periodicals, for educational groups and for organi- mention, do not rightfully fall within the scope of zations having a current interest in some special Lay Press Relations. But rather than neglect such phase of A. Pn. A. activities. powerful public relations techniques, perhaps the The committee prepared two articles on pharmacy name of the committee should be changed t o Comfor publication in t h e July issue of the Hospital mittee on Public Relations or a special committee Corps Quarterly, a publication of the Navy’s Bureau be appointed to handle this phase of t h e work. of Medicine and Surgery. The picture should have great popularity at About 50 photoprints have been distributed for meetings of A. PH.A. branches and state pharmaceuuse in lay and pharmaceutical publications. T o tical associations, in high schools, at science club improve the pictorial service of the committee, meetings, in pharmacy colleges and a t meetings of special funds were made available this year t o set allied professional groups. up a photographic department at the Institute of As a second project the committee recommends Pharmacy. We now have a press camera and ac- the publication of an illustrated booklet in two cessories, with the exception of flashlight equipment colors telling the story of the ASSOCIATION’S activinow on order. The design of the A. Pn. A. head- ties in relation to American public health and medical quarters building fortunately included a special care. This booklet could be made available t o darkroom, which has been equipped with necessary A. PH. A. members at cost for distribution t o their apparatus, including a n enlarger. patrons, i t could be distributed t o prospective A. Pn. A. members, it could be given t o the scores of * Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH. A,, tourists who in normal times visit the Institute of Cleveland, Ohio, September 9, 1944. Pharmacy each month. The urgent need for such a

SCIENTIFIC EDITION brochure is apparent. None is available at t h e present time. As soon as time permits the preparation of text and a r t layouts, a n estimate of cost will be made and a special appropriation requested. The committee has been in touch with the Division of Medicine and Public Health of t h e U.S. National Museum concerning an exhibit in the Hall of Health. Almoslt every specialty in the health field is now represented in this extensive series of displays except pharmacy. We have just been advised that space will be made available t o the ASSOCIATION whenever such a project is authorized. Pharmacy is well represented elsewhere in the National Museum, but t h e committee strongly recommends that a n exhibit be installed by t h e AsSOCIATION in the Hall of Health. Although an effective public relations technique, this project obviously does not fall within the scope of the Committee on Lay Press Relations. Since there is no committee covering such work at the present time, we have laid the groundwork. It is suggested t h a t a special committee be appointed t o carry on the work, preferably by reactivating t h e Committee on Exhibits. Other instances have come t o our attention where pharmaceutical exhibits were acceptable but no group was equipped t o conduct t h e work.

503

As.chairman of t h e Committee on Radio Publicity

I append this brief report t o t h e discussion of our other publicity activities since work in t h e radio field has been limited. Early in the year the committee investigated t h e possibilities of securing time on the air. The cost of each 15-minute dramatization on pharmacy, over 50 stations distributed nationally, was estimated at $7800. A 13-week series of this type would thus cost about $101,000. As this was somewhat beyond t h e finances of t h e committee, attention was given to educational “sustaining” programs, which would involve only the cost of actual production. No definite arrangements have been made; time available for such programs has been markedly reduced due t o war programs and increased demand for commercial air time. Two possibilities f o r programs are open which may materialize in coming months. Without the necessity of buying air time, other costs would probably be about $500 per program. For an interview type of program, material could be prepared by the committee and cost would be negligible. It is also planned to prepare scripts t h a t can be distributed t o local organizations and college groups for possible presentation over local or independent educational stations.

Report of the Committee on the William Procter, Jr., Memorial Fund* By James E. Hancock The major duty of this committee having been accomplished when the Procter statue was erected in the foyer of the building of t h e AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL. ASSOCIATIONat Washington, D. C., t h e several recent reports of the Committee on t h e William Procter, Jr., Memorial Fund have been limited t o the general supervision of the unexpended money that was subscribed for an appropriate memorial t o “The Father of American Pharmacy.”

Therefore your committee reports t h a t $14,800 of these aforesaid surplus funds has been invested in U. S. Treasury Bonds to yield $370 per annum, and that there is a cash balance of $376.43 on hand, after paying t h e current insurance premium on The Procter Statue, as agreed, and allocating $300 to purchase books for the library of t h e AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION as an additional memorial t o the literary ability of William Procter, Jr.

Report of the National Pharmaceutical Syllabus Committee* By Henry M. Burlage A short luncheon meeting was held on Saturday, September 9, 1944, in Columbus, at which time plans for the coming year were discussed. The chairman was again instructed t o solicit t h e schools and interested persons for comments and

* Presented to the House of Delegates, A. PH.A., Cleveland, Ohio, September 9, 1944.

criticisms of the outlines in the tentative fifth edition of t h e Syllabus. This solicitation brought some results and these comments, criticisms, and recommendations, as well as a few recommendations from t h e district meetings of t h e Boards and Colleges, will be the order of business at a meeting of the committee this YearIt is of interest t o not that the Syllabus is t o be

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION

504

the topic of discussion by deans of t h e Canadian Schools of Pharmacy a t the annual meeting of t h e

Canadian Pharmaceutical Association. A financial statement follows.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT

Receipts:

Disbursments:

Balance on hand August 1, 1943.. .... $557.58 Contributions from A. PH.A., 1944.. . 50.00 Contributions from A. A. C. P., 1944.. 50.00 Contributions from N. A. B. P., 1944.. 50.00 15.75 Sales of Syllabi, Fourth Edition. ...... 29.90 Sales of Syllabi, Tentative Fifth Edition 5.98 Interest on Savings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total. ...........................

$759.21

Luncheon meeting, Columbus, 1943. .. $ 11.77 3.94 Supplies. ........................... Postage and envelopes.. ............. 20.43 Clerical ............................ 33.73 Mimeographing. .................... 63.71 Express. ........................... .6ti Total ............................ $134.24 Balance on hand, August 1, 1944.. .. $624.97

Report of the Committee on Resolutions The Report of the Committee on Resolutions was presented by its Chairman, Dr. Ernest Little of Newark, Sew Jersey. All recommendations from the President’s address aiid resolutions offered in the House of Delegates had been reviewed by the Committee and on a number of topics which had been referred to the Committee, resolutions had been formulated. The Chairman read each resolution and presented the recommendations of the Committee with explanatory comment and a motion to approve the Committee’s recommendation. The recommendations and resolutions are tabulated below with the record of the actions of the Committee, the actions of the House of Delegates and of

the General Session. There has also been added the subsequent action taken by the Council t o implement the recommendations and resolutions so that the complete status of each is readily ascertainable. The recommendations from the inaugural address of President Moulton, which are also recorded with Council action on them, have been added to complete the record. The Committee on Resolutions consisted of the following members: F. E. Bibbins, E. W. Gibbs, J. Lester Hayman, Charles H. Rogers, H. N. Ruud. A. C. Taylor, Charles E. Wilson, L. C. Zopf and Ernest Little, Chuirman.-Ed.