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THE OLD UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR MEDICAL DEGREES.
723
Boards of Guardians had undertaken to provide some accom- school work. The Cambridge student must reside three years modation for cases belonging to the pauper class, and four- in the university ; but, if he has had sufficiently good school district boards and vestries had given similar underwith regard to cases belonging to the non-pauper class. He could not say the extent which that accommodation would reach, but looking to the extent of the epidemic he feared it would be inadequate. The beds in the hospitals under the Asylums Board, numbering 968, were at present full. Colonel Makins gave notice that to-morrow he would ask whether the authorities have cut off and annexed a portion of the public road leading from the Fulham-road to the River Thames, and are erecting upon it a temporary building for the reception of small-pox patients, and whether it is the intention to remove pauper patients to that building within the next twenty-four hours.
to enable him to satisfy the requirements at one of the examinations above-mentioned, he may devote his whole time in the university to the scientific and practical study of medicine, may obtain the B.A. degree through the Natural Sciences Tripos, and have completed his botanical, physical, chemical, anatomical, and physiological studies, as well as have made some progress in clinical study at the hospital, before the expiration of these three years. That is to say, he will have advanced himself in his medical course during the three years at Cambridge as much as he would have done during the same period at any other place, or nearly so. I say or nearly so because the examinations in these subjects here are somewhat more difficult and take a somewhat wider range, and therefore need somewhat longer time for preparado the corresponding examinations for the ordinary tion, qualification. The standard of the examinations ought not to be lower than it is, and the time spent in preparation for them ought not to be less. But the facilities for the study of these are as great and as good in Cambridge as "Audi alteram partem." thev are elsewhere :and a vouth who is readv to come to Cambridge, as evinced by the fact that his general education will meet the requirements I havementioned, will find that three THE OLD UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR well spent years in Cambridge will carry him to the point in MEDICAL DEGREES. his professional course which I have denoted. Naturally, if To the Editor of THE LANCET. he has not been able to give the required proofs of general he comes, or in his first term, his univerSIR,—Your leading article of this day on the medical education before be partly occupied in work which ought to will sity period degrees of the old universities and Dr. Morgan’s pamphlet have been done at school, and a longer time will be required respecting them render it desirable that the case of the old before he can pass the medical examinations. The proper universities in relation to their medical degrees should be proceeding, which I hope ere long will be the general proeducation clearly stated. You rightly say that a doctorate in medicine ceeding, is to satisfy the" requirements in school " the " local" or local" or the Oxford and through higher to mean minimum more than a common "ought something , Schools Board" Examinations before coming to Cambridge and that has of who the " nobody reputation qualification," so as to be able at once, on coming here, to comthe profession at heart wishes to see graduation made too’ Cambridge, mence medical study and continue it steadily through the easy." By this you doubtless mean that a higher standardl whole neriod of residence. of education, general, scientific, and professional, should be With regard to expense, £150 a year is a fair average estirequired for a degree than for a minimum qualification, and mate for those who belong to a college, and who have the that if it were not so the degree would be no more worth advantages, supposed or real, of college life, superintendence, having, no more an object of ambition, than the minimum and associations. Some spend more, and some, not a few, qualification. In short, it will be admitted, I suppose, thai non-coliegiate students, who can regulate Tnp.die,,il degrees, like most other things. bear a, some. their mode of life as they please, spend, in many instances, what proportionate to the difficulty of obtaining them ; and not more, in some less, than JE80 or £90 a year. At Caventhere is little doubt that the difficulty of obtaining the dish College, which has been instituted for the purpose of degrees at the old universities, in time past, gave a prestige enabling students to come to the university at an earlier age to medical degrees generally, and so enhanced the value of than they could otherwise do, and at less cost, which is the degrees which were obtained on easier terms in other under excellent management, and which already contains medical students, the entire sum, including univerplaces. To maintain the character and high estimation of their degrees is therefore a duty which the old universities sity, lecture,and other fees, is £80 a year. Selwyn College is growing up for a similar purpose, and, by a simple mode of owe to the profession, to their graduates, and to themselves. They have done it hitherto, they do it now ; and you and living, expects to limit the whole charge for tuition, room others will desire that they should continue to do it by the rent, board, and attendance, to about ;E80 per annum. 1 do not take into account the great number of scholareducation required, as well as by the social benefits resulting from a residence in them, and from the free intermingling in ships, exhibitions, and prizes which are scattered among them of students preparing for the various higher walks of those whose school education is somewhat above the average, and which fail to produce the effect they long ere this ought professional, political, and other life. jBow, bearing in mind tiie iact tnat iugner education to have had upon school teaching. These are open to men necessitates longer time, and therefore proportionately more who intend to pursue medical study as well as to others, and expense, and that every father who wishes to give his son a good many are given for natural science, but I am never the advantage of a university education and a university anxious to hold them out as a bait, and I never particularly degree must be prepared to incur somewhat greater expense desire to divert them, to any great extent, into being rethan if he were content with a minimum qualification, the wards for medical study. The purer and less money-seeking questions we have to answer are these. Do the old uni- we can keep that study the better, relying upon the genuine versities offer reasonable facilities for obtaining their degrees interest of the work, and the stimulus afforded by the hope of future success in the profession. by intelligent and industrious men-the men, that The University looks with no unfriendly eye upon the ought to have them ? Do they in any way discourage such men who seek the medical degrees ? or do they hold out a natural science and medical students, supplies the means of welcoming and assisting hand to them ? teaching them with liberality, and regards its growing At Cambridge, and.speak of this university only, the medical school with interest and satisfaction. There are case is as follows : The student must undergo a test of his good laboratories, museums, dissecting-rooms, lecture-rooms, general education, which he may do at the " Previous &c., a good hospital, and a staff of able earnest teachers. Examination"" in his first term of residence, or, which is The fees required of the students are small in consequence better, before he comes into residence through the Local of the stipends of the teachers being paid, in part, out of Examinations." The "Higher Local Examinations," or the the university chest; and the teaching and work are not, as "Oxford and Cambridge Schools Board Examinations." in former times, restricted to the terms, but are continued in The real difficulty lies in this matter of general education ; the vacations. and considerable experience, as teacher, examiner, and It is not to be expected that the medical and surgical member of the Medical Council, convinces me that not very degrees, with qualification to practise, can be obtained in much progress will be made in improving medical education less than five years of medical study. Of these, as I have till an improvement in the early school teaching of our boys said, the first three may be spent in Cambridge. Some has been effected. To make them more apt and intelligent as students remain longer; but I think it will be generally medical studentstheymusthavebettermentaltrainingin their agreed that in the case of this and other non-metropolitan
teen
training
takings
Correspondence.
than
subjects
spend less. The
value
several
is, who
724
day next, May 3rd, when the Council wiil proceed, according to the provisions of the Supplemental Chapter, to elect from among the Fellows eight examiners to examine candidates for fellowship and letters testimonial ; three examiners for the diploma in midwifery, and a similar number to examine students as to their proficiency in general education. The President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, in recently conferring the Honorary Fellowship of the College on Professor Helmholtz of Berlin, stated that the distinction bad been accorded to foreigners on five occasions only, and that the only ground upon which it was con.
schools it is advisable that the latter part of the period should be spent in the wider field of observation which a metropolis affords. I think I have shown that the university is not unmindful of the wants of the profession and of medical students, and that its medical degrees are obtainable as easily, with as little expense and in as short a period of time, as ought to be the case with the medical degrees of a university, certainly of a university which holds the high rank of one of the old universities of England. I may add that the porfession shows its consciousness of this by the annually increasing number of those who come into residence with the view of pursuing their medical studies, and obtaining the medical degrees. I am, Sir, yours, &c., G. M. HUMPHRY. Cambridge, April 9th, 1881.
eminent service in the science of surgery, or knowledge auxiliary thereto. Professor Helmholtz, the President added, had, by his in. vention of the ophthalmoscope, wonderfully increased the knowledge not alone of diseases peculiar to the eye, though there its utility was most marked, but in the recognition and differential diagnosis of many other diseases, especially those implicating the nervous system. The College most cordially and respectfully tendered to him this tribute of their admiration, and begged his acceptance of the honour he so well deserved, the only regret being that it was not more proportionate to the magnitude of his services to science, and his life-long devotion to its successful cultivation. At a special meeting of the Guardians of Newry Union, held last Saturday, the salary of Dr. Mills, Medical Officer of Donaghmore Dispensary District, was, at the recom. mendation of the Dispensary Committee, increased to £120 per annum, the same amount as the other medical officers of the union receive. At Rathmines, near Dublin, a gentleman named O’Hare died recently at the alleged age of 103 years and three months.
ferred
was
in any of the branches of
-
To the Editor of THE LANCET. SIR,—In order to remove any misconception of the position of the Durham University in regard to medical graduation may I be permitted to direct your attention to the steps lately taken by the Senate to remove the restrictions by which candidates for its medical degrees have until recently been hampered. Firstly, as regards preliminary education. Instead of graduating in arts, or passing an arts examination equiva- I lent to that for graduation, candidates are now required to pass in four arts subjects only in addition to the ordinary registration examination. Of these subjects two are compulsory viz., Greek (Xenophon, Book ii.) and Euclid, Books iii. and iv. ; the other two being selected at the option of the candidate from the following list-viz., Latin (Cicero,"DeAmicitia"); French (SainteBeuve’s "M.Daru"); German (Freytag’s "Der Staat Friedrich’s der Grossen") ; mechanics, with hydrostatics and pneumatics; and English History before the Norman Conquest. From this examination candidates are excepted who have graduated at, or passed the extra-professional examination of, a recognised university, or have passed the preliminary examination qualifying for the Membership of the College of Physicians of London. TheROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OFtheENGLAND, following gentlemen, having passed required ex. Secondly, as regards professional education. Candidates must fulfil a curriculum very similar to that required by the amination for the diploma, were duly admitted liembers of College at a meeting of the Court of Examiners on the College of Physicians of London; but of the time spent in the 21st inst. :session must one winter and one summer be at study passed Bontein, Courthope Sims, Victoria-park. the University College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Burroughs, Leopold, Lee, Kent. Two professional examinations must also be passed-one Collings, Charles d’Auvergne, Guernsey. the First M.B., including anatomy, physiology, chemistry, Copner, Arthur Lewis, Bedford. King, Ernest Edward, L.S.A., Saffron Walden. and botany; the other the Second M.B., including medicine, Kinneir, F. W. Edward, L.S.A., Sherborne, Dorset. and allied Candidates surgery, midwifery, may subjects. Knaggs, Henry Valentine, L.S.A., Camden-road. M’Lennan, Warwick Guy, Devonport. pass the First M.B. examination before they commence their, attendance at Newcastle, and before they pass the extra Morgan, William Pierce, L.S.A., Dowlais. Pedley, Frederick Newland, Ctmden-road. arts examination. As the regulations stand at present, Robinson, Wilford Vidal, Sydney-place, S.W. there is to debar student from therefore, nothing any graRooke, Charles, Melbourne, Australia. Sellers, W. H. Irvin, M.B. Edin., Preston. duating at Durham, even should he not determine so to do, Trevor, Henry Octavius, L.S.A., Nether Stowey. until late in his course of study. As a matter of fact, the Van Buren, E. C. Haward, Leavesden, Herta. -
Medical News.
,
reforms indicated were introduced three or four years ago ; Warner, Percy, Fareham, Hants. the numbers of those graduating have doubled year by year. White, Edwin Francis, L.S.A., Putney. Yeatman, John Walter, Kilburn. During the present session there will have been between and of them as candidates examined on the 19th, 20th, and Of the candidates, many 77 sixty fifty already qualified practitioners, examined at the First M.B. examination. It is 21st inst., 51 passed to the satisfaction of the Court and probable, then, that the great field for practice here alluded obtained their diplomas; 5 passed in Surgery, and when to in your article of April 9th will soon be fully utilised, and qualified in Medicine will be admitted Members; the rethat it will no longer be thought that Durham has failed in its maining 21, having failed to reach the required standard, were referred for six months’ further professional study. duty to the profession. I trust you will be able to find room for this explanation, Seven candidates who had passed in Surgery at previous though somewhat lengthy, since, I fear, some misconception examinations, having subsequently obtained a medical might arise as to the present position of the University from qualification recognised by the College, were also admitted a perusal of the article in question. Members. I am, Sir, yours faithfully, The following gentlemen passed the Primary Examination LUKE ARMSTRONG, M.D., in Anatomy and Physiology at meetings of the Board of Registrar of the University of Durham Examiners on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday last :College of Medicine. April 12th, 1881. Ernest F. Neve, F. Ashwell, Francis W. C. Haultain, J. W. Whyte, William A. Giles, Alfred J. Neale, Herbert Fitton, Cll1èles H. Bourne, William C. Woods, Herbert J. Gilbert, Harold F. Watkins, IRELAND. John B. Nash, Alfred P. Hillier, Arthur C. Keep, Thomas A Fraser. William Hunter, Rivis Mead, Alexander Stables, A. S. Bowman, and (From our own Correspondent.) Thomas R. Bailey, Edinburgh; Elliott W. Welchman, Edward D. Vinrace, Charles Arblaster, and Arthur W. Scott, Birmin,ham; A GRAND fancy dress ball was held in Cork last week in Alfred B. Taplin, Alfred B. Bake, Bernard Blower, Joseph Wilker, Frederick C. Larkin, and Thomas D. C. Barry, Liverpool ; Ihom:!S aid of the funds of the North and South Charitable InJ. Walker, William E. Bennett, George T. Woods, and Edward J. firmaries, and proved a brilliant success. Nearly 400 atByrd, Leeds; Louis Verrey, Leipzig; Walter F. Chappell, Toronto; tended, and great credit must be given to the Ball ComOliver Sunderland, Albert E. Tunst1.ll, and John W. White, Glasgow; Frederick Maude, Aberdeen ; William A. Jones, William J. T. mittee, whose arrangements were carried out in a most Barker, and Harding H. Tomkins, Bristul; Alfred W. Hunton, satisfactorv manner. Owens College, Manchester; George F. Gutheridge, S:. Mary’s The usual annual election of examiners for the Royal Hospital and Edinburgh; Thomas P. Beddoes, Cambridge; Hamld of in will on Ireland take TuesG. Hathaway, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; Arthur H. W. Clemow, Surgeons College place
Boards of Guardians had undertaken to provide some accom- school work. The Cambridge student must reside three years modation for cases belonging to the pauper class, and four- in the university ; but, if he has had sufficiently good school district boards and vestries had given similar underwith regard to cases belonging to the non-pauper class. He could not say the extent which that accommodation would reach, but looking to the extent of the epidemic he feared it would be inadequate. The beds in the hospitals under the Asylums Board, numbering 968, were at present full. Colonel Makins gave notice that to-morrow he would ask whether the authorities have cut off and annexed a portion of the public road leading from the Fulham-road to the River Thames, and are erecting upon it a temporary building for the reception of small-pox patients, and whether it is the intention to remove pauper patients to that building within the next twenty-four hours.
to enable him to satisfy the requirements at one of the examinations above-mentioned, he may devote his whole time in the university to the scientific and practical study of medicine, may obtain the B.A. degree through the Natural Sciences Tripos, and have completed his botanical, physical, chemical, anatomical, and physiological studies, as well as have made some progress in clinical study at the hospital, before the expiration of these three years. That is to say, he will have advanced himself in his medical course during the three years at Cambridge as much as he would have done during the same period at any other place, or nearly so. I say or nearly so because the examinations in these subjects here are somewhat more difficult and take a somewhat wider range, and therefore need somewhat longer time for preparado the corresponding examinations for the ordinary tion, qualification. The standard of the examinations ought not to be lower than it is, and the time spent in preparation for them ought not to be less. But the facilities for the study of these are as great and as good in Cambridge as "Audi alteram partem." thev are elsewhere :and a vouth who is readv to come to Cambridge, as evinced by the fact that his general education will meet the requirements I havementioned, will find that three THE OLD UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR well spent years in Cambridge will carry him to the point in MEDICAL DEGREES. his professional course which I have denoted. Naturally, if To the Editor of THE LANCET. he has not been able to give the required proofs of general he comes, or in his first term, his univerSIR,—Your leading article of this day on the medical education before be partly occupied in work which ought to will sity period degrees of the old universities and Dr. Morgan’s pamphlet have been done at school, and a longer time will be required respecting them render it desirable that the case of the old before he can pass the medical examinations. The proper universities in relation to their medical degrees should be proceeding, which I hope ere long will be the general proeducation clearly stated. You rightly say that a doctorate in medicine ceeding, is to satisfy the" requirements in school " the " local" or local" or the Oxford and through higher to mean minimum more than a common "ought something , Schools Board" Examinations before coming to Cambridge and that has of who the " nobody reputation qualification," so as to be able at once, on coming here, to comthe profession at heart wishes to see graduation made too’ Cambridge, mence medical study and continue it steadily through the easy." By this you doubtless mean that a higher standardl whole neriod of residence. of education, general, scientific, and professional, should be With regard to expense, £150 a year is a fair average estirequired for a degree than for a minimum qualification, and mate for those who belong to a college, and who have the that if it were not so the degree would be no more worth advantages, supposed or real, of college life, superintendence, having, no more an object of ambition, than the minimum and associations. Some spend more, and some, not a few, qualification. In short, it will be admitted, I suppose, thai non-coliegiate students, who can regulate Tnp.die,,il degrees, like most other things. bear a, some. their mode of life as they please, spend, in many instances, what proportionate to the difficulty of obtaining them ; and not more, in some less, than JE80 or £90 a year. At Caventhere is little doubt that the difficulty of obtaining the dish College, which has been instituted for the purpose of degrees at the old universities, in time past, gave a prestige enabling students to come to the university at an earlier age to medical degrees generally, and so enhanced the value of than they could otherwise do, and at less cost, which is the degrees which were obtained on easier terms in other under excellent management, and which already contains medical students, the entire sum, including univerplaces. To maintain the character and high estimation of their degrees is therefore a duty which the old universities sity, lecture,and other fees, is £80 a year. Selwyn College is growing up for a similar purpose, and, by a simple mode of owe to the profession, to their graduates, and to themselves. They have done it hitherto, they do it now ; and you and living, expects to limit the whole charge for tuition, room others will desire that they should continue to do it by the rent, board, and attendance, to about ;E80 per annum. 1 do not take into account the great number of scholareducation required, as well as by the social benefits resulting from a residence in them, and from the free intermingling in ships, exhibitions, and prizes which are scattered among them of students preparing for the various higher walks of those whose school education is somewhat above the average, and which fail to produce the effect they long ere this ought professional, political, and other life. jBow, bearing in mind tiie iact tnat iugner education to have had upon school teaching. These are open to men necessitates longer time, and therefore proportionately more who intend to pursue medical study as well as to others, and expense, and that every father who wishes to give his son a good many are given for natural science, but I am never the advantage of a university education and a university anxious to hold them out as a bait, and I never particularly degree must be prepared to incur somewhat greater expense desire to divert them, to any great extent, into being rethan if he were content with a minimum qualification, the wards for medical study. The purer and less money-seeking questions we have to answer are these. Do the old uni- we can keep that study the better, relying upon the genuine versities offer reasonable facilities for obtaining their degrees interest of the work, and the stimulus afforded by the hope of future success in the profession. by intelligent and industrious men-the men, that The University looks with no unfriendly eye upon the ought to have them ? Do they in any way discourage such men who seek the medical degrees ? or do they hold out a natural science and medical students, supplies the means of welcoming and assisting hand to them ? teaching them with liberality, and regards its growing At Cambridge, and.speak of this university only, the medical school with interest and satisfaction. There are case is as follows : The student must undergo a test of his good laboratories, museums, dissecting-rooms, lecture-rooms, general education, which he may do at the " Previous &c., a good hospital, and a staff of able earnest teachers. Examination"" in his first term of residence, or, which is The fees required of the students are small in consequence better, before he comes into residence through the Local of the stipends of the teachers being paid, in part, out of Examinations." The "Higher Local Examinations," or the the university chest; and the teaching and work are not, as "Oxford and Cambridge Schools Board Examinations." in former times, restricted to the terms, but are continued in The real difficulty lies in this matter of general education ; the vacations. and considerable experience, as teacher, examiner, and It is not to be expected that the medical and surgical member of the Medical Council, convinces me that not very degrees, with qualification to practise, can be obtained in much progress will be made in improving medical education less than five years of medical study. Of these, as I have till an improvement in the early school teaching of our boys said, the first three may be spent in Cambridge. Some has been effected. To make them more apt and intelligent as students remain longer; but I think it will be generally medical studentstheymusthavebettermentaltrainingin their agreed that in the case of this and other non-metropolitan
teen
training
takings
Correspondence.
than
subjects
spend less. The
value
several
is, who
724
day next, May 3rd, when the Council wiil proceed, according to the provisions of the Supplemental Chapter, to elect from among the Fellows eight examiners to examine candidates for fellowship and letters testimonial ; three examiners for the diploma in midwifery, and a similar number to examine students as to their proficiency in general education. The President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, in recently conferring the Honorary Fellowship of the College on Professor Helmholtz of Berlin, stated that the distinction bad been accorded to foreigners on five occasions only, and that the only ground upon which it was con.
schools it is advisable that the latter part of the period should be spent in the wider field of observation which a metropolis affords. I think I have shown that the university is not unmindful of the wants of the profession and of medical students, and that its medical degrees are obtainable as easily, with as little expense and in as short a period of time, as ought to be the case with the medical degrees of a university, certainly of a university which holds the high rank of one of the old universities of England. I may add that the porfession shows its consciousness of this by the annually increasing number of those who come into residence with the view of pursuing their medical studies, and obtaining the medical degrees. I am, Sir, yours, &c., G. M. HUMPHRY. Cambridge, April 9th, 1881.
eminent service in the science of surgery, or knowledge auxiliary thereto. Professor Helmholtz, the President added, had, by his in. vention of the ophthalmoscope, wonderfully increased the knowledge not alone of diseases peculiar to the eye, though there its utility was most marked, but in the recognition and differential diagnosis of many other diseases, especially those implicating the nervous system. The College most cordially and respectfully tendered to him this tribute of their admiration, and begged his acceptance of the honour he so well deserved, the only regret being that it was not more proportionate to the magnitude of his services to science, and his life-long devotion to its successful cultivation. At a special meeting of the Guardians of Newry Union, held last Saturday, the salary of Dr. Mills, Medical Officer of Donaghmore Dispensary District, was, at the recom. mendation of the Dispensary Committee, increased to £120 per annum, the same amount as the other medical officers of the union receive. At Rathmines, near Dublin, a gentleman named O’Hare died recently at the alleged age of 103 years and three months.
ferred
was
in any of the branches of
-
To the Editor of THE LANCET. SIR,—In order to remove any misconception of the position of the Durham University in regard to medical graduation may I be permitted to direct your attention to the steps lately taken by the Senate to remove the restrictions by which candidates for its medical degrees have until recently been hampered. Firstly, as regards preliminary education. Instead of graduating in arts, or passing an arts examination equiva- I lent to that for graduation, candidates are now required to pass in four arts subjects only in addition to the ordinary registration examination. Of these subjects two are compulsory viz., Greek (Xenophon, Book ii.) and Euclid, Books iii. and iv. ; the other two being selected at the option of the candidate from the following list-viz., Latin (Cicero,"DeAmicitia"); French (SainteBeuve’s "M.Daru"); German (Freytag’s "Der Staat Friedrich’s der Grossen") ; mechanics, with hydrostatics and pneumatics; and English History before the Norman Conquest. From this examination candidates are excepted who have graduated at, or passed the extra-professional examination of, a recognised university, or have passed the preliminary examination qualifying for the Membership of the College of Physicians of London. TheROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OFtheENGLAND, following gentlemen, having passed required ex. Secondly, as regards professional education. Candidates must fulfil a curriculum very similar to that required by the amination for the diploma, were duly admitted liembers of College at a meeting of the Court of Examiners on the College of Physicians of London; but of the time spent in the 21st inst. :session must one winter and one summer be at study passed Bontein, Courthope Sims, Victoria-park. the University College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Burroughs, Leopold, Lee, Kent. Two professional examinations must also be passed-one Collings, Charles d’Auvergne, Guernsey. the First M.B., including anatomy, physiology, chemistry, Copner, Arthur Lewis, Bedford. King, Ernest Edward, L.S.A., Saffron Walden. and botany; the other the Second M.B., including medicine, Kinneir, F. W. Edward, L.S.A., Sherborne, Dorset. and allied Candidates surgery, midwifery, may subjects. Knaggs, Henry Valentine, L.S.A., Camden-road. M’Lennan, Warwick Guy, Devonport. pass the First M.B. examination before they commence their, attendance at Newcastle, and before they pass the extra Morgan, William Pierce, L.S.A., Dowlais. Pedley, Frederick Newland, Ctmden-road. arts examination. As the regulations stand at present, Robinson, Wilford Vidal, Sydney-place, S.W. there is to debar student from therefore, nothing any graRooke, Charles, Melbourne, Australia. Sellers, W. H. Irvin, M.B. Edin., Preston. duating at Durham, even should he not determine so to do, Trevor, Henry Octavius, L.S.A., Nether Stowey. until late in his course of study. As a matter of fact, the Van Buren, E. C. Haward, Leavesden, Herta. -
Medical News.
,
reforms indicated were introduced three or four years ago ; Warner, Percy, Fareham, Hants. the numbers of those graduating have doubled year by year. White, Edwin Francis, L.S.A., Putney. Yeatman, John Walter, Kilburn. During the present session there will have been between and of them as candidates examined on the 19th, 20th, and Of the candidates, many 77 sixty fifty already qualified practitioners, examined at the First M.B. examination. It is 21st inst., 51 passed to the satisfaction of the Court and probable, then, that the great field for practice here alluded obtained their diplomas; 5 passed in Surgery, and when to in your article of April 9th will soon be fully utilised, and qualified in Medicine will be admitted Members; the rethat it will no longer be thought that Durham has failed in its maining 21, having failed to reach the required standard, were referred for six months’ further professional study. duty to the profession. I trust you will be able to find room for this explanation, Seven candidates who had passed in Surgery at previous though somewhat lengthy, since, I fear, some misconception examinations, having subsequently obtained a medical might arise as to the present position of the University from qualification recognised by the College, were also admitted a perusal of the article in question. Members. I am, Sir, yours faithfully, The following gentlemen passed the Primary Examination LUKE ARMSTRONG, M.D., in Anatomy and Physiology at meetings of the Board of Registrar of the University of Durham Examiners on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday last :College of Medicine. April 12th, 1881. Ernest F. Neve, F. Ashwell, Francis W. C. Haultain, J. W. Whyte, William A. Giles, Alfred J. Neale, Herbert Fitton, Cll1èles H. Bourne, William C. Woods, Herbert J. Gilbert, Harold F. Watkins, IRELAND. John B. Nash, Alfred P. Hillier, Arthur C. Keep, Thomas A Fraser. William Hunter, Rivis Mead, Alexander Stables, A. S. Bowman, and (From our own Correspondent.) Thomas R. Bailey, Edinburgh; Elliott W. Welchman, Edward D. Vinrace, Charles Arblaster, and Arthur W. Scott, Birmin,ham; A GRAND fancy dress ball was held in Cork last week in Alfred B. Taplin, Alfred B. Bake, Bernard Blower, Joseph Wilker, Frederick C. Larkin, and Thomas D. C. Barry, Liverpool ; Ihom:!S aid of the funds of the North and South Charitable InJ. Walker, William E. Bennett, George T. Woods, and Edward J. firmaries, and proved a brilliant success. Nearly 400 atByrd, Leeds; Louis Verrey, Leipzig; Walter F. Chappell, Toronto; tended, and great credit must be given to the Ball ComOliver Sunderland, Albert E. Tunst1.ll, and John W. White, Glasgow; Frederick Maude, Aberdeen ; William A. Jones, William J. T. mittee, whose arrangements were carried out in a most Barker, and Harding H. Tomkins, Bristul; Alfred W. Hunton, satisfactorv manner. Owens College, Manchester; George F. Gutheridge, S:. Mary’s The usual annual election of examiners for the Royal Hospital and Edinburgh; Thomas P. Beddoes, Cambridge; Hamld of in will on Ireland take TuesG. Hathaway, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; Arthur H. W. Clemow, Surgeons College place