- Email: [email protected]
The perfect gas
Chemical Engineering Science 1964, Vol. 19, pp. 369-370. Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford.
International Clay Conference 1963. Vol. I. Proceedings of the conference held at Stockholm, Sweden, August 12-16. Edited by I. Th. ROSENQ~ISTand P. GRAFF-PETERSEN, Pergamon Press, London, 1963. ix + 376 pp., 55.
Printed in Great Britain.
The Combustion Institute have become an indispensable source of information on progress in the science and technology of combustion. In recent years, the boundaries of the subject have been greatly widened to embrace exothermic processes of many kinds, and related branches of physics VERY LITTLEis learned in school about clay and not much and engineering. At the 1960 meeting in Pasadena, California, more at university level, except in courses of geology. For to which this volume relates, a great deal of attention was some 30 years increasingly more powerful means-X-ray devoted to rocket engines, propellants and related matters crystallography, electron microscopy, infra-red absorption and, in general, to exothermic processes of high intensity. and several chemical procedures such as cation-exchange, The volume begins with eight invited survey papers on differential thermal and differential thermogravimetric analysubjects germane to the general plan. One that is notably sis-have been applied, so that now a wealth of information is comprehensive and well-documented is that by MUKHERJEE, available but poorly dispersed. R. E. GRIM’S“Applied Clay FUENO, EYRINGand REE on “Ions in Flames”. As there are Mineralogy” (1962), or his more specialized “Clay Mineralso an associated survey by BION~I on “Collision crossalogy” (1953) form good source books for the unspecialized sections involving ions and electrons” and twelve contributed enquirer. papers on flame ionization, this subject is quite a feature of The present volume consists of preprints of thirty-five the book. The survey paper by FAY on “The Structure of papers from twelve countries, presented in August 1963 to Gaseous Detonation Waves”, with eight contributed papers the first International Clay Conference held in Stockholm on gaseous detonation, form another, only slightly smaller, at the invitation of the Swedish Society for Clay Research. group. Since 1950 the Comite International Pour 1’Etude des Argiles Substantial, largely theoretical surveys on spray combus(C.I.P.E.A.) under the chairmanship of R. E. Grim, has tion, radiative heat transfer in gases, and combustion instaarranged a number of international meetings. According to bility, usher in the major groups of contributed papers on Rosenqvist, President of C.I.P.E.A.. the International Clav rocketry and propellants, both solid and liquid. CertainlyoneConference marks a further development. third of the total of 124 papers fall into these groups and there The preprints are arranged in six sections: structural is a supplementary “panel discussion” on “Solid-propellant considerations (lo), genesis (8), ion exchange (7), claycombustion instability”. A rather heterogeneous group of electrolyte-water systems (3), clay-organic complexes (5) 13 papers on other roles of solids in exothermic processes and industrial applications (2). There is no index, nor any contains papers on conventional explosives as well as on the connecting matter. It is hoped to publish a discussion volume formation and combustion of carbon in various forms. soon. The traditional branches of gaseous combustion are not Mere description of the structures of clay minerals has ignored, and there are sections devoted to the kinetics of gas given way to reasoning from the short range forces between the component atoms which bring them about (RADOSLO- reactions (2 surveys and 8 papers), combustion spectroscopy (6 papers), shock waves and relaxation phenomena (7 papers), VICH,WHITE). BRINDLEY(and also TAYLOR,not represented laminar flames (16 papers) and turbulent flames (5 papers). here) applies similar thoughts guided by the concept of Chemical engineering interests are represented by groups of topotaxy, to elucidate the mechanism of mineralogical contributions on nozzle flow with chemical reaction (5 papers) changes occurring in solid state reactions involving clay and and combustion chamber problems (10 papers), as well as by silicate structures. Of more chemical interest is work stemmany of the papers on rocketry. ming from the well-known possibility of exchanging cations The book is excellently produced and well edited. In the in clays by leaching. GASTUCHEhas studied the kinetics of reviewer’s opinion, a major weakness is the lack of any dissolution of mica platelets in hydrochloric acid and Barbara consistent policy in the matter of summaries. Most of the NEUMANNthat of powdered montmorillonite (fuller’s earth). papers have none. The reader is, therefore, unnecessarily In WALKER’Swork an exchange of Mg by Sr in vermiculite hampered in his efforts to discover what, if anything, in this (mica) with increase in interlayer distance can be neatly wealth of material is of importance to him. followed optically and proves, as expected, that the process J. H. BURGCIYNE in this case is diffusion controlled, very much as in the work of GASTUCHE. Amongst work of more particular interest to chemical The Perfect Gas. J. S. ROWLINSON. Pergamon Press, engineers is that of VAN OLPHENon a model system simulatLondon 1963. 136 pp., 30s. ing adsorption in petroleum rocks and the adsorption of alkylbenzene sulphonate by soil (WAYMAN). British clays PROFESSOR ROWLINSON’S book is particularly concerned with for the manufacturing industries are analysed by HOLDRIDGE. the thermodynamics of the perfect gas and its relation, through L. R. BARRETT statistical mechanics, to molecular properties, but it also includes a brief account of the thermodynamics of chemical Eighth Symposium (International) on Combustion. Published reactions and a chapter on the flowing gas which gives a for The Combustion Institute by Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, good account of shock waves and the shock tube. London, 1962. xxviii + 1164 pp. The treatment is authoritative and often enlightening on points which are not mentioned, or are treated superficially THE proceedings of the biennial symposia sponsored by
369
Book reviews in a number of text books. For example, the nature of the approach to perfect gas behaviour by a real gas at low pressures is discussed very clearly, and one is entertained by an interesting digression on the history of the Sackur-Tetrode equation and its place in the development of the old quantum theory. It is not easy to discern the readership for which the book is intended. It passes quite rapidly over the statistical mechanical basis of the calculations, referring the reader to specialized texts on statistical mechanics, and is therefore scarcely suitable as a first introduction to the subject. On the other hand, the research worker specializing in this field would
370
probably be familiar with most of the material presented. However, from the point of view of the chemical engineer as a user of thermodynamic data, it provides in a small space and at a reasonable cost a very good idea of how statistical mechanics is used in calculating entries in thermodynamic tables. The book is attractively set out and printed, and is provided with an adequate index which makes it reasonably easy to find one’s way about the text. It can be recommended to any chemical engineer who is curious about the sources of the data he uses. R. JACKSON
International Clay Conference 1963. Vol. I. Proceedings of the conference held at Stockholm, Sweden, August 12-16. Edited by I. Th. ROSENQ~ISTand P. GRAFF-PETERSEN, Pergamon Press, London, 1963. ix + 376 pp., 55.
Printed in Great Britain.
The Combustion Institute have become an indispensable source of information on progress in the science and technology of combustion. In recent years, the boundaries of the subject have been greatly widened to embrace exothermic processes of many kinds, and related branches of physics VERY LITTLEis learned in school about clay and not much and engineering. At the 1960 meeting in Pasadena, California, more at university level, except in courses of geology. For to which this volume relates, a great deal of attention was some 30 years increasingly more powerful means-X-ray devoted to rocket engines, propellants and related matters crystallography, electron microscopy, infra-red absorption and, in general, to exothermic processes of high intensity. and several chemical procedures such as cation-exchange, The volume begins with eight invited survey papers on differential thermal and differential thermogravimetric analysubjects germane to the general plan. One that is notably sis-have been applied, so that now a wealth of information is comprehensive and well-documented is that by MUKHERJEE, available but poorly dispersed. R. E. GRIM’S“Applied Clay FUENO, EYRINGand REE on “Ions in Flames”. As there are Mineralogy” (1962), or his more specialized “Clay Mineralso an associated survey by BION~I on “Collision crossalogy” (1953) form good source books for the unspecialized sections involving ions and electrons” and twelve contributed enquirer. papers on flame ionization, this subject is quite a feature of The present volume consists of preprints of thirty-five the book. The survey paper by FAY on “The Structure of papers from twelve countries, presented in August 1963 to Gaseous Detonation Waves”, with eight contributed papers the first International Clay Conference held in Stockholm on gaseous detonation, form another, only slightly smaller, at the invitation of the Swedish Society for Clay Research. group. Since 1950 the Comite International Pour 1’Etude des Argiles Substantial, largely theoretical surveys on spray combus(C.I.P.E.A.) under the chairmanship of R. E. Grim, has tion, radiative heat transfer in gases, and combustion instaarranged a number of international meetings. According to bility, usher in the major groups of contributed papers on Rosenqvist, President of C.I.P.E.A.. the International Clav rocketry and propellants, both solid and liquid. CertainlyoneConference marks a further development. third of the total of 124 papers fall into these groups and there The preprints are arranged in six sections: structural is a supplementary “panel discussion” on “Solid-propellant considerations (lo), genesis (8), ion exchange (7), claycombustion instability”. A rather heterogeneous group of electrolyte-water systems (3), clay-organic complexes (5) 13 papers on other roles of solids in exothermic processes and industrial applications (2). There is no index, nor any contains papers on conventional explosives as well as on the connecting matter. It is hoped to publish a discussion volume formation and combustion of carbon in various forms. soon. The traditional branches of gaseous combustion are not Mere description of the structures of clay minerals has ignored, and there are sections devoted to the kinetics of gas given way to reasoning from the short range forces between the component atoms which bring them about (RADOSLO- reactions (2 surveys and 8 papers), combustion spectroscopy (6 papers), shock waves and relaxation phenomena (7 papers), VICH,WHITE). BRINDLEY(and also TAYLOR,not represented laminar flames (16 papers) and turbulent flames (5 papers). here) applies similar thoughts guided by the concept of Chemical engineering interests are represented by groups of topotaxy, to elucidate the mechanism of mineralogical contributions on nozzle flow with chemical reaction (5 papers) changes occurring in solid state reactions involving clay and and combustion chamber problems (10 papers), as well as by silicate structures. Of more chemical interest is work stemmany of the papers on rocketry. ming from the well-known possibility of exchanging cations The book is excellently produced and well edited. In the in clays by leaching. GASTUCHEhas studied the kinetics of reviewer’s opinion, a major weakness is the lack of any dissolution of mica platelets in hydrochloric acid and Barbara consistent policy in the matter of summaries. Most of the NEUMANNthat of powdered montmorillonite (fuller’s earth). papers have none. The reader is, therefore, unnecessarily In WALKER’Swork an exchange of Mg by Sr in vermiculite hampered in his efforts to discover what, if anything, in this (mica) with increase in interlayer distance can be neatly wealth of material is of importance to him. followed optically and proves, as expected, that the process J. H. BURGCIYNE in this case is diffusion controlled, very much as in the work of GASTUCHE. Amongst work of more particular interest to chemical The Perfect Gas. J. S. ROWLINSON. Pergamon Press, engineers is that of VAN OLPHENon a model system simulatLondon 1963. 136 pp., 30s. ing adsorption in petroleum rocks and the adsorption of alkylbenzene sulphonate by soil (WAYMAN). British clays PROFESSOR ROWLINSON’S book is particularly concerned with for the manufacturing industries are analysed by HOLDRIDGE. the thermodynamics of the perfect gas and its relation, through L. R. BARRETT statistical mechanics, to molecular properties, but it also includes a brief account of the thermodynamics of chemical Eighth Symposium (International) on Combustion. Published reactions and a chapter on the flowing gas which gives a for The Combustion Institute by Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, good account of shock waves and the shock tube. London, 1962. xxviii + 1164 pp. The treatment is authoritative and often enlightening on points which are not mentioned, or are treated superficially THE proceedings of the biennial symposia sponsored by
369
Book reviews in a number of text books. For example, the nature of the approach to perfect gas behaviour by a real gas at low pressures is discussed very clearly, and one is entertained by an interesting digression on the history of the Sackur-Tetrode equation and its place in the development of the old quantum theory. It is not easy to discern the readership for which the book is intended. It passes quite rapidly over the statistical mechanical basis of the calculations, referring the reader to specialized texts on statistical mechanics, and is therefore scarcely suitable as a first introduction to the subject. On the other hand, the research worker specializing in this field would
370
probably be familiar with most of the material presented. However, from the point of view of the chemical engineer as a user of thermodynamic data, it provides in a small space and at a reasonable cost a very good idea of how statistical mechanics is used in calculating entries in thermodynamic tables. The book is attractively set out and printed, and is provided with an adequate index which makes it reasonably easy to find one’s way about the text. It can be recommended to any chemical engineer who is curious about the sources of the data he uses. R. JACKSON