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The presence of Diptera larvae in human bones
Accepted Manuscript Title: The presence of Diptera larvae in human bones Author: Rafał Skowronek Marcin Tomsia Krzysztof Szpila Kornelia Dro´zdziok Jadwiga Kabiesz PII: DOI: Reference:
S1875-1768(15)30284-5 http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.094 FSIGSS 1091
To appear in: Received date: Accepted date:
12-9-2015 16-9-2015
Please cite this article as: Rafal Skowronek, Marcin Tomsia, Krzysztof Szpila, Kornelia Dro´zdziok, Jadwiga Kabiesz, The presence of Diptera larvae in human bones, Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.094 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
The presence of Diptera larvae in human bones Rafał Skowronek Kabiesz a
a,*
, Marcin Tomsia a, Krzysztof Szpila b, Kornelia Droździok a, Jadwiga
a
Department of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland b
Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland *
Corresponding author. Tel.: +48 9 815 3670; fax: +48 9 849 6064. E-mail address: [email protected] (R. Skowronek). Keywords: forensic entomology, blow flies, Stearibia nigriceps, forensic genetics 1. Introduction The presence of Diptera larvae in the bone marrow cavities so far has been the subject of very few scientific papers. The Japanese authors found the 3rd instar larvae of the family Piophilidae (Diptera) in human skeletal remains (marrow space of the right femur) during a forensic autopsy [1]. In turn, German authors discovered larvae of Stearibia nigriceps and Liopiophila varipes (Diptera, Piophilidae) within the medullary cavity of deer bones (tibia, metacarpus, humerus) during a forensic entomological and anthropological field study and presented this data during 9th Meeting of the European Association for Forensic Entomology in Toruń in 2012. The aim of this study is to present our own experiences with the presence of larvae inside the human bones sent to our Department mainly by the prosecutors during criminal investigations. 2. Materials and methods Morphological examination of the bones and classical entomological analysis of larvae discovered inside were performed (Fig. 1). Forensic genetic profiling of bone material was performed according to producer protocole.
3. Results and discussion We found numerous larvae of Stearibia nigriceps (Fig. 2) and surprisingly single third instar larva of Lucilia sericata and one puparium of Sarcophaga argyrostoma (Table 1). Our findings suggest that Diptera larvae are able to penetrate the bones of human corpse. Forensic geneticists may find such valuable entomological evidence (hidden larvae population) during routine preparation of the bones before DNA extraction procedure. In this case, the larvae should be always preserved for further possible forensic entomological studies.
References
[1] M. Kirinoki, M. Hitosugi, Y. Chigusa, et al., Larvae of the family Piophilidae found in the marrow space of skeletal remains during a forensic autopsy, Med. Entomol. Zool. 61 (2010) 115–119. Fig. 1. Larvae discovered inside the bone.
Fig. 2. Larvae of Stearibia nigriceps (Meigen, 1826). Red arrows indicate important morphological signs.
Table 1. Results of morphological examination of the bones, entomological studies of the discovered larvae and genetic profiling of the bones. Case Type of Bone morphological Forensic Forensic genetic analysis of signature bone description entomological bone material analysis of insects 7/408/12 humerus one part – length 14 cm, Stearibia reserve; successful profiling (part) clean, without soft tissue nigriceps was performed from the teeth 7/140/13 humerus one part – length 9 cm, Sarcophaga both incomplete profile (for (part), covered by soft tissues on argyrostoma (one AmpFISTR PowerPlex ESX femur the late stage of puparium) 17 and PowerPlex HS 16); (part) putrefaction, beige in successful profiling was color, smell of yeast; one performed from the teeth part - length 15 cm, beige in color, smell of yeast 7/503/13 femur two parts – length 4 and 5 Stearibia negative (for AmpFISTR (part) cm, diameter 2,5-3 cm, nigriceps – PowerPlex ESX 17 and covered by soft tissues on numerous, present PowerPlex HS 16); the late stage of on the external successful profiling was putrefaction and internal performed from the hair surfaces of the bulbs & stain bones 7/504/13 humerus one part – length 12 cm, Lucilia sericata positive - analysis of bone (part) diameter 3 cm, its surface (3rd instar larva) marrow (for AmpFISTR was smooth, beige in PowerPlex HS 16 and color AmpFISTR Yfiler) 7/897/13 humerus one part – length 8 cm; Stearibia both negative (for PowerPlex (part), one part - length 10 cm, nigriceps HS 16 and AmpFISTR femur diameter 4,5 cm, beige in Yfiler) (part) color
S1875-1768(15)30284-5 http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.094 FSIGSS 1091
To appear in: Received date: Accepted date:
12-9-2015 16-9-2015
Please cite this article as: Rafal Skowronek, Marcin Tomsia, Krzysztof Szpila, Kornelia Dro´zdziok, Jadwiga Kabiesz, The presence of Diptera larvae in human bones, Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.094 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
The presence of Diptera larvae in human bones Rafał Skowronek Kabiesz a
a,*
, Marcin Tomsia a, Krzysztof Szpila b, Kornelia Droździok a, Jadwiga
a
Department of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland b
Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland *
Corresponding author. Tel.: +48 9 815 3670; fax: +48 9 849 6064. E-mail address: [email protected] (R. Skowronek). Keywords: forensic entomology, blow flies, Stearibia nigriceps, forensic genetics 1. Introduction The presence of Diptera larvae in the bone marrow cavities so far has been the subject of very few scientific papers. The Japanese authors found the 3rd instar larvae of the family Piophilidae (Diptera) in human skeletal remains (marrow space of the right femur) during a forensic autopsy [1]. In turn, German authors discovered larvae of Stearibia nigriceps and Liopiophila varipes (Diptera, Piophilidae) within the medullary cavity of deer bones (tibia, metacarpus, humerus) during a forensic entomological and anthropological field study and presented this data during 9th Meeting of the European Association for Forensic Entomology in Toruń in 2012. The aim of this study is to present our own experiences with the presence of larvae inside the human bones sent to our Department mainly by the prosecutors during criminal investigations. 2. Materials and methods Morphological examination of the bones and classical entomological analysis of larvae discovered inside were performed (Fig. 1). Forensic genetic profiling of bone material was performed according to producer protocole.
3. Results and discussion We found numerous larvae of Stearibia nigriceps (Fig. 2) and surprisingly single third instar larva of Lucilia sericata and one puparium of Sarcophaga argyrostoma (Table 1). Our findings suggest that Diptera larvae are able to penetrate the bones of human corpse. Forensic geneticists may find such valuable entomological evidence (hidden larvae population) during routine preparation of the bones before DNA extraction procedure. In this case, the larvae should be always preserved for further possible forensic entomological studies.
References
[1] M. Kirinoki, M. Hitosugi, Y. Chigusa, et al., Larvae of the family Piophilidae found in the marrow space of skeletal remains during a forensic autopsy, Med. Entomol. Zool. 61 (2010) 115–119. Fig. 1. Larvae discovered inside the bone.
Fig. 2. Larvae of Stearibia nigriceps (Meigen, 1826). Red arrows indicate important morphological signs.
Table 1. Results of morphological examination of the bones, entomological studies of the discovered larvae and genetic profiling of the bones. Case Type of Bone morphological Forensic Forensic genetic analysis of signature bone description entomological bone material analysis of insects 7/408/12 humerus one part – length 14 cm, Stearibia reserve; successful profiling (part) clean, without soft tissue nigriceps was performed from the teeth 7/140/13 humerus one part – length 9 cm, Sarcophaga both incomplete profile (for (part), covered by soft tissues on argyrostoma (one AmpFISTR PowerPlex ESX femur the late stage of puparium) 17 and PowerPlex HS 16); (part) putrefaction, beige in successful profiling was color, smell of yeast; one performed from the teeth part - length 15 cm, beige in color, smell of yeast 7/503/13 femur two parts – length 4 and 5 Stearibia negative (for AmpFISTR (part) cm, diameter 2,5-3 cm, nigriceps – PowerPlex ESX 17 and covered by soft tissues on numerous, present PowerPlex HS 16); the late stage of on the external successful profiling was putrefaction and internal performed from the hair surfaces of the bulbs & stain bones 7/504/13 humerus one part – length 12 cm, Lucilia sericata positive - analysis of bone (part) diameter 3 cm, its surface (3rd instar larva) marrow (for AmpFISTR was smooth, beige in PowerPlex HS 16 and color AmpFISTR Yfiler) 7/897/13 humerus one part – length 8 cm; Stearibia both negative (for PowerPlex (part), one part - length 10 cm, nigriceps HS 16 and AmpFISTR femur diameter 4,5 cm, beige in Yfiler) (part) color