- Email: [email protected]
The psychophysiology of approach, avoidance and conflict personality traits
IOP 2016
given that they represent the major dimensions of covariation among all personality traits. Participants will report their recent research, using a range of EEG/ERP and neuroimaging methods that focus the physiological determinants of BAS, BIS, FFFS, and Big Five personality traits. Finally, this symposium will offer a discussion on the future perspectives in this research field. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.140
79 The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) and Augmenting/ Reducing in auditory evoked potentials (AEP) during emotional visual stimulation Vilfredo De Pascalisa, Francesca Fracassoa, Philip J. Corrb Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy b Department of Psychology, City University London, London, United Kingdom
a
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) of Personality predicts an enhanced responsiveness to sensory stimuli in approach oriented individuals, but a dampened responsiveness in punishment oriented individuals. An auditory augmenting/reducing evoked potential paradigm was used during emotional visual stimulation to test the predictions of RST. ERPs were recorded for 5 levels of intensity in 39 women. Participants completed the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ, Corr, P. J., & Cooper, 2016). N1/P2 slope at central sites (C3, Cz, C4) was negatively correlated with RST factors of behavioral inhibition system (BIS), fight/flight/freeze system (FFFS), as well as a specific measure of Panic; and, as predicted also, this measure was positively correlated with behavioral approach system (BAS) scores. Higher BAS was associated with enhanced N1/P2 slope; and higher BIS, FFFS, and Panic were uniquely and negatively associated with N1/P2 slope. In addition, we found that at the highest tone intensity (96 dB) low BIS, FFFS, and Panic participants, as compared to high ones, had larger N1/ P2 amplitudes to positive pictures. A regression-based approach showed that BIS was a significant mediator of the association between N1/P2 slope and FFFS as well as between N1/P2 slope and Panic. LORETA analysis at 219 ms (P2 wave) from tone onset revealed a significant activation of the ACC (BA32) in high BAS compared to low BAS participants. High BIS, as compared to low BIS participants, had (1) a significant lower activity at 101 ms (N1 wave) in the sublobar, temporal, and limbic lobes, and (2) a lower activity at 226 ms (P2 wave) in the parietal lobe and a higher activity in the orbitofrontal cortex. High FFFS participants, as compared to low ones, had lower activations at 226 ms in the limbic and parietal lobes, while high Panic participants disclosed a lower activity at 109 ms in the left middle frontal and orbital gyri. These augmenting/ reducing results are discussed within a revised RST framework, and directions for future research are proposed.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.141
83 Functional Cortical networks associated with personality, emotional intelligence and decision making Joseph Ciorciaria, John Gountab Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia b Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
a
43
Background: Many studies have investigated the neural correlates associated with personality by using a variety of neuroimaging techniques and psychometrics (Kennis et al., 2013). Previous electroencephalogram (EEG) studies have examined the relationship between emotional traits (Stenberg 1995) and personality traits (Takahashi et al 2005). In this EEG based pilot study, a multidisciplinary strategy of combining brain imaging techniques (LORETA) and EEG coherence analysis with psychological constructs was applied to explore the relationships between personality traits. In particular, the relationship between emotional intelligence with participants’ reactions and decision making to rich complex stimuli such as advertising videos was examined. Methods: A preliminary study group of 45 participants, (Mean age 30.8 years SD 11.9 years, Education = 14.8 years SD 1.5 years ) had their EEG recorded with a Quikcap electrode system while watching a series of videos which were selected based on various marketing categories such as, food & drink, community interests, celebrities and social issues. Using the Swinburne University Emotional Intelligence Test or SUEIT (Stough, Palmer 2001), individuals were categorized into two groupings; those who scored high and low in emotional intelligence (EI). EEG was analyzed offline to remove muscle and ocular artifact. Results: Selected epochs of EEG were then analyzed to produce LORETA and EEG coherence data during decision making. Preliminary findings suggest that participants with high or low emotional intelligence (EI) were receptive to certain types of social issues or visual imagery. This was validated by the associated brain functional connectivity networks for each group. Also, correlations with other personality scales (NEO-PI Costa & McCrae 1992) demonstrated personality types react differently to imagery, content and humor. Discussion/Conclusion: Both LORETA and EEG coherence data demonstrated distinct functional connectivity associated with each group and may help to explain their associated perceptions and behaviors. More specifically, the high EI group demonstrated clear preferences in specific video material when contrasted with the low EI group. The NEO-PI has been used in previous psychophysiology studies of emotional arousability but not with complex social stimuli. The use of a multidisciplinary approach can assist in the identification of the neural networks associated with personality and provide insights into individual differences in perception.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.142
271 The psychophysiology of approach, avoidance and conflict personality traits Philip J. Corr Department of Psychology, City University London, London, United Kingdom Research strands from different areas of psychology (theoretical and applied) converge on the conclusion that, at a fundamental level, there exist a few major dimensions of motivated behaviour and emotion: approach, avoidance, and their conflict. The most prominent theory to explain the neuropsychology of these systems and processes is the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) of personality. RST has been in continual development over the past 40 years, but is often difficult to pin down, especially in psychophysiological terms, because (a) of its relative complexity, (b) diversity of interpretations, and (c) problems with operationalizing its components. This talk will outline its three major systems: Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; related to active avoidance/ escape), Behavioural Approach System (BAS; related to exploration and reward sensitivity), and Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS; related to conflict detection/processing and passive avoidance). The importance
44
IOP 2016
of separating perceptual (input) evaluative and motor (output) processes will be highlighted, and the relevant psychophysiological literature and its problems will be discussed. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.143
81 EEG resting-state networks and personality profile associated with vulnerability to depression Gennady G. Knyazev Institute of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been associated with predominance of the default-mode network (DMN) over the task-positive network (TPN), which is considered a neurobiological base for ruminative responding. It is not known whether this predominance is a signature of the full-blown MDD or it already exists at pre-clinical stages in vulnerable to depression individuals. Here, using beamformer-projected EEG time series and seed-based oscillatory-power envelope correlation analysis, we show that in a non-clinical sample, depressive symptoms correlate positively with DMN connectivity in emotional brain circuits and negatively with TPN connectivity in these same regions. Similar effects are observed in high neuroticism scorers. These findings imply that in healthy individuals with heightened level of depressive symptoms or predisposing to depression personality profile, emotional circuits are stronger connected with DMN than TPN and should be more easily engaged in self-referential rumination than in responding to environmental challenges. The study’s findings are in agreement with fMRI evidence, thus confirming the neural base of the observed in fMRI research effects and additionally show that implicated in depression neural mechanism may already be in action even at preclinical stages. The Russian Science Foundation (RSF) supported this work under Grant № 14-15-00202. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.144
a
Institut des Neurosciences de La Timone CNRS & Aix-Marseille Université France, Marseille, France b Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom c Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom d Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana, Cuba Recognizing familiar individuals is achieved by the brain combining cues from several sensory modalities, including the face of a person,and the voice,and the existence of "Person Identity Nodes" (PINs) hosting representations of individuals independent of sensory modality has been proposed. The neuronal counterparts of the PINs in the human brain are, however, still unclear. Here we used functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) and a whole-brain, searchlight multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to search for areas in which local fMRI patterns could result in identity classification as a function of sensory modality. We found several areas supporting identity classification based on fMRI responses to either the face or the voice stimuli, consistent with previous reports; the maps overlapped across modalities in a single area of right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). Remarkably, we also found several cortical areas, mostly located along the middle gyrus, in which local fMRI patterns result in identity “cross-classification”: vocal identity could be classified based on fMRI responses to the faces, or the reverse, or both. These findings are suggestive of a hierarchy of identity representations increasingly disconnected from the input modality from unimodal, to multi-modal, to amodal representations of identity towards the anterior temporal lobes. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.146
376 Visual, auditory and bimodal oddball designs: does it have an effect on the sensitivity of ERP components? Salvatore Campanella Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addiction University of Brussels, Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
Symposium D5 Person perception via multiple Senses Organizer: Pascal Belin (France) Perceiving persons around us involves extracting socially relevant information from multiple sensory channels, in particular their face and their voice, and combining these sources of information to provide the most robust and accurate estimates. This symposium presents recent behavioural and neuroimaging research into how the human brain combines information from different sensory modalities in person perception. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.145
377 “Hearing faces and seeing voices”: Amodal coding of person identity in the human brain Pascal Belina, Bashar Awwad Shiekh Hasanb, Joachim Grossc, Mitchell Valdes-Sosad
The P300 is one of the most investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) in the study of psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, although a large number of studies have provided evidence on the relevance of the P300 component as a biological marker of mental illness, it also suffers from a lack of specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, a current and important challenge for neurophysiologists is to discover novel and appropriate procedures for enhancing the clinical applicability and sensitivity of the P300 component. In this talk, we will highlight some preliminary data suggesting that the application of a more ecological bimodal oddball design may help to increase the sensitivity of ERP components. Four studies will be presented: the first two will show that contrary to unimodal oddball tasks (visual or auditory), bimodal oddball task (using synchronized and congruent visual-auditory information) may help to index subclinical anxiousdepressive tendencies through P300 differences; the third one will suggest that this higher sensitivity was related to stimulus congruence processing, and not to a more general facilitation effect; finally, the last one will suggest a higher sensitivity of the bimodal P300 even in a clinical population (patients with an adjustment disorder). Limitations, perspectives and potential clinical applications of these preliminary data will be discussed. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.147
given that they represent the major dimensions of covariation among all personality traits. Participants will report their recent research, using a range of EEG/ERP and neuroimaging methods that focus the physiological determinants of BAS, BIS, FFFS, and Big Five personality traits. Finally, this symposium will offer a discussion on the future perspectives in this research field. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.140
79 The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) and Augmenting/ Reducing in auditory evoked potentials (AEP) during emotional visual stimulation Vilfredo De Pascalisa, Francesca Fracassoa, Philip J. Corrb Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy b Department of Psychology, City University London, London, United Kingdom
a
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) of Personality predicts an enhanced responsiveness to sensory stimuli in approach oriented individuals, but a dampened responsiveness in punishment oriented individuals. An auditory augmenting/reducing evoked potential paradigm was used during emotional visual stimulation to test the predictions of RST. ERPs were recorded for 5 levels of intensity in 39 women. Participants completed the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ, Corr, P. J., & Cooper, 2016). N1/P2 slope at central sites (C3, Cz, C4) was negatively correlated with RST factors of behavioral inhibition system (BIS), fight/flight/freeze system (FFFS), as well as a specific measure of Panic; and, as predicted also, this measure was positively correlated with behavioral approach system (BAS) scores. Higher BAS was associated with enhanced N1/P2 slope; and higher BIS, FFFS, and Panic were uniquely and negatively associated with N1/P2 slope. In addition, we found that at the highest tone intensity (96 dB) low BIS, FFFS, and Panic participants, as compared to high ones, had larger N1/ P2 amplitudes to positive pictures. A regression-based approach showed that BIS was a significant mediator of the association between N1/P2 slope and FFFS as well as between N1/P2 slope and Panic. LORETA analysis at 219 ms (P2 wave) from tone onset revealed a significant activation of the ACC (BA32) in high BAS compared to low BAS participants. High BIS, as compared to low BIS participants, had (1) a significant lower activity at 101 ms (N1 wave) in the sublobar, temporal, and limbic lobes, and (2) a lower activity at 226 ms (P2 wave) in the parietal lobe and a higher activity in the orbitofrontal cortex. High FFFS participants, as compared to low ones, had lower activations at 226 ms in the limbic and parietal lobes, while high Panic participants disclosed a lower activity at 109 ms in the left middle frontal and orbital gyri. These augmenting/ reducing results are discussed within a revised RST framework, and directions for future research are proposed.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.141
83 Functional Cortical networks associated with personality, emotional intelligence and decision making Joseph Ciorciaria, John Gountab Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia b Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
a
43
Background: Many studies have investigated the neural correlates associated with personality by using a variety of neuroimaging techniques and psychometrics (Kennis et al., 2013). Previous electroencephalogram (EEG) studies have examined the relationship between emotional traits (Stenberg 1995) and personality traits (Takahashi et al 2005). In this EEG based pilot study, a multidisciplinary strategy of combining brain imaging techniques (LORETA) and EEG coherence analysis with psychological constructs was applied to explore the relationships between personality traits. In particular, the relationship between emotional intelligence with participants’ reactions and decision making to rich complex stimuli such as advertising videos was examined. Methods: A preliminary study group of 45 participants, (Mean age 30.8 years SD 11.9 years, Education = 14.8 years SD 1.5 years ) had their EEG recorded with a Quikcap electrode system while watching a series of videos which were selected based on various marketing categories such as, food & drink, community interests, celebrities and social issues. Using the Swinburne University Emotional Intelligence Test or SUEIT (Stough, Palmer 2001), individuals were categorized into two groupings; those who scored high and low in emotional intelligence (EI). EEG was analyzed offline to remove muscle and ocular artifact. Results: Selected epochs of EEG were then analyzed to produce LORETA and EEG coherence data during decision making. Preliminary findings suggest that participants with high or low emotional intelligence (EI) were receptive to certain types of social issues or visual imagery. This was validated by the associated brain functional connectivity networks for each group. Also, correlations with other personality scales (NEO-PI Costa & McCrae 1992) demonstrated personality types react differently to imagery, content and humor. Discussion/Conclusion: Both LORETA and EEG coherence data demonstrated distinct functional connectivity associated with each group and may help to explain their associated perceptions and behaviors. More specifically, the high EI group demonstrated clear preferences in specific video material when contrasted with the low EI group. The NEO-PI has been used in previous psychophysiology studies of emotional arousability but not with complex social stimuli. The use of a multidisciplinary approach can assist in the identification of the neural networks associated with personality and provide insights into individual differences in perception.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.142
271 The psychophysiology of approach, avoidance and conflict personality traits Philip J. Corr Department of Psychology, City University London, London, United Kingdom Research strands from different areas of psychology (theoretical and applied) converge on the conclusion that, at a fundamental level, there exist a few major dimensions of motivated behaviour and emotion: approach, avoidance, and their conflict. The most prominent theory to explain the neuropsychology of these systems and processes is the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) of personality. RST has been in continual development over the past 40 years, but is often difficult to pin down, especially in psychophysiological terms, because (a) of its relative complexity, (b) diversity of interpretations, and (c) problems with operationalizing its components. This talk will outline its three major systems: Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; related to active avoidance/ escape), Behavioural Approach System (BAS; related to exploration and reward sensitivity), and Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS; related to conflict detection/processing and passive avoidance). The importance
44
IOP 2016
of separating perceptual (input) evaluative and motor (output) processes will be highlighted, and the relevant psychophysiological literature and its problems will be discussed. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.143
81 EEG resting-state networks and personality profile associated with vulnerability to depression Gennady G. Knyazev Institute of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been associated with predominance of the default-mode network (DMN) over the task-positive network (TPN), which is considered a neurobiological base for ruminative responding. It is not known whether this predominance is a signature of the full-blown MDD or it already exists at pre-clinical stages in vulnerable to depression individuals. Here, using beamformer-projected EEG time series and seed-based oscillatory-power envelope correlation analysis, we show that in a non-clinical sample, depressive symptoms correlate positively with DMN connectivity in emotional brain circuits and negatively with TPN connectivity in these same regions. Similar effects are observed in high neuroticism scorers. These findings imply that in healthy individuals with heightened level of depressive symptoms or predisposing to depression personality profile, emotional circuits are stronger connected with DMN than TPN and should be more easily engaged in self-referential rumination than in responding to environmental challenges. The study’s findings are in agreement with fMRI evidence, thus confirming the neural base of the observed in fMRI research effects and additionally show that implicated in depression neural mechanism may already be in action even at preclinical stages. The Russian Science Foundation (RSF) supported this work under Grant № 14-15-00202. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.144
a
Institut des Neurosciences de La Timone CNRS & Aix-Marseille Université France, Marseille, France b Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom c Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom d Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana, Cuba Recognizing familiar individuals is achieved by the brain combining cues from several sensory modalities, including the face of a person,and the voice,and the existence of "Person Identity Nodes" (PINs) hosting representations of individuals independent of sensory modality has been proposed. The neuronal counterparts of the PINs in the human brain are, however, still unclear. Here we used functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) and a whole-brain, searchlight multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to search for areas in which local fMRI patterns could result in identity classification as a function of sensory modality. We found several areas supporting identity classification based on fMRI responses to either the face or the voice stimuli, consistent with previous reports; the maps overlapped across modalities in a single area of right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). Remarkably, we also found several cortical areas, mostly located along the middle gyrus, in which local fMRI patterns result in identity “cross-classification”: vocal identity could be classified based on fMRI responses to the faces, or the reverse, or both. These findings are suggestive of a hierarchy of identity representations increasingly disconnected from the input modality from unimodal, to multi-modal, to amodal representations of identity towards the anterior temporal lobes. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.146
376 Visual, auditory and bimodal oddball designs: does it have an effect on the sensitivity of ERP components? Salvatore Campanella Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addiction University of Brussels, Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
Symposium D5 Person perception via multiple Senses Organizer: Pascal Belin (France) Perceiving persons around us involves extracting socially relevant information from multiple sensory channels, in particular their face and their voice, and combining these sources of information to provide the most robust and accurate estimates. This symposium presents recent behavioural and neuroimaging research into how the human brain combines information from different sensory modalities in person perception. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.145
377 “Hearing faces and seeing voices”: Amodal coding of person identity in the human brain Pascal Belina, Bashar Awwad Shiekh Hasanb, Joachim Grossc, Mitchell Valdes-Sosad
The P300 is one of the most investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) in the study of psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, although a large number of studies have provided evidence on the relevance of the P300 component as a biological marker of mental illness, it also suffers from a lack of specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, a current and important challenge for neurophysiologists is to discover novel and appropriate procedures for enhancing the clinical applicability and sensitivity of the P300 component. In this talk, we will highlight some preliminary data suggesting that the application of a more ecological bimodal oddball design may help to increase the sensitivity of ERP components. Four studies will be presented: the first two will show that contrary to unimodal oddball tasks (visual or auditory), bimodal oddball task (using synchronized and congruent visual-auditory information) may help to index subclinical anxiousdepressive tendencies through P300 differences; the third one will suggest that this higher sensitivity was related to stimulus congruence processing, and not to a more general facilitation effect; finally, the last one will suggest a higher sensitivity of the bimodal P300 even in a clinical population (patients with an adjustment disorder). Limitations, perspectives and potential clinical applications of these preliminary data will be discussed. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.147