- Email: [email protected]
The rate of weight loss does not influence long term weight maintenance: A randomised controlled trial
80
M. Pickford
tive online surveys were conducted in Australian adults (n = 1635, 810 males) and General Practitioners (GPs) (n = 300, 180 males) in March and April 2014, respectively, to understand nutrition attitudes and perceptions. The general population survey was stratified by geography, age and sex and GPs were similar to the Australian GP population for age, gender and state distribution. The survey revealed 30% of Australian adults were concerned consuming milk, cheese and yogurt could increase their weight. GPs gave nutrition advice in 31% (SEM 1.4) of consultations, with 42% of GPs advising their patients to reduce their intake of dairy foods based primarily on concerns about lactose intolerance, obesity or over consumption of dairy foods. The surveys reveal both consumers and healthcare professionals share similar misperceptions on the relationship between milk, cheese and yogurt and weight status. Advising patients to avoid a core food group, dairy foods, in light of the strong evidence underpinning their inclusion in the ADGs has the potential to exacerbate current shortfalls in consumption of milk, cheese and yogurt and/or their alternatives. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.144 46 The rate of weight loss does not influence long term weight maintenance: A randomised controlled trial Purcell 1,∗ ,
Sumithran 1 ,
Katrina Priya Luke A. Prendergast 1,2 , Celestine J. Bouniu 1 , Elizabeth Delbridge 1 , Joseph Proietto 1 1 Melbourne
University, Heidelberg Hieghts, VIC, Australia 2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia Background: Guidelines recommend gradual weight loss for the treatment of obesity, reflecting a widely-held opinion that rapid weight loss is more quickly regained. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the rate of weight loss on the rate of regain. Methods: In a Melbourne metropolitan hospital, we enrolled 204 participants (51 male and 153 female) aged 18—70 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 30—45 kg/m2 in a two-phase nonblinded, dietary intervention trial between August 2008 and March 2010. During phase one, participants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either
a 12-week rapid weight loss (RWL) or a 36-week gradual (GWL) programme, aimed at 15% weight loss. Successful participants were then placed on a weight maintenance diet for 144 weeks (phase two). Appetite-mediating hormones were examined at baseline, the end of phase one, and at weeks 48 and 144 of phase two. The primary outcome was mean difference in weight between groups at week 144 of phase two. The trial is registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number ACTRN12611000190909 Findings: 200 participants were randomised (97 to the RWL and 103 to the GWL programme). Following phase one, 80.9% of RWL participants achieved the weight loss goal compared to 62.4% of GWL participants (p = 0.007). At the end of phase two, both RWL and GWL participants regained most of their lost weight (76.3 ± 5.3% vs. 76.3 ± 5.6%, respectively; p = 0.78). The rate of weight regain did not differ between groups. Following weight loss, ghrelin rose in both groups and remained elevated 144 weeks after weight loss (p = 0.006). Interpretation: Achieving substantial weight loss is more likely if undertaken rapidly. The rate of weight loss does not influence the rate of weight regain. These findings are at odds with current dietary recommendations. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.145 102 The prevalence of food addiction as assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale: A systematic review Kirrilly Pursey 1,∗ , Peter Stanwell 1 , Ashley Gearhardt 2 , Clare Collins 1 , Tracy Burrows 1 1 University
of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia 2 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Background: Obesity is a global epidemic and it has been suggested that an addiction to certain foods could be a factor contributing to overeating and subsequent obesity. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was developed in 2009 to specifically assess food addiction. Given that food addiction is a rapidly growing area of research, it is timely to review how the YFAS tool has been applied in research. This review aimed to determine the prevalence of food addiction diagnosis and symptom scores, as assessed by the YFAS. Methods: Published studies from 2009 to July 2014 were retrieved and included if they reported
M. Pickford
tive online surveys were conducted in Australian adults (n = 1635, 810 males) and General Practitioners (GPs) (n = 300, 180 males) in March and April 2014, respectively, to understand nutrition attitudes and perceptions. The general population survey was stratified by geography, age and sex and GPs were similar to the Australian GP population for age, gender and state distribution. The survey revealed 30% of Australian adults were concerned consuming milk, cheese and yogurt could increase their weight. GPs gave nutrition advice in 31% (SEM 1.4) of consultations, with 42% of GPs advising their patients to reduce their intake of dairy foods based primarily on concerns about lactose intolerance, obesity or over consumption of dairy foods. The surveys reveal both consumers and healthcare professionals share similar misperceptions on the relationship between milk, cheese and yogurt and weight status. Advising patients to avoid a core food group, dairy foods, in light of the strong evidence underpinning their inclusion in the ADGs has the potential to exacerbate current shortfalls in consumption of milk, cheese and yogurt and/or their alternatives. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.144 46 The rate of weight loss does not influence long term weight maintenance: A randomised controlled trial Purcell 1,∗ ,
Sumithran 1 ,
Katrina Priya Luke A. Prendergast 1,2 , Celestine J. Bouniu 1 , Elizabeth Delbridge 1 , Joseph Proietto 1 1 Melbourne
University, Heidelberg Hieghts, VIC, Australia 2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia Background: Guidelines recommend gradual weight loss for the treatment of obesity, reflecting a widely-held opinion that rapid weight loss is more quickly regained. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the rate of weight loss on the rate of regain. Methods: In a Melbourne metropolitan hospital, we enrolled 204 participants (51 male and 153 female) aged 18—70 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 30—45 kg/m2 in a two-phase nonblinded, dietary intervention trial between August 2008 and March 2010. During phase one, participants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either
a 12-week rapid weight loss (RWL) or a 36-week gradual (GWL) programme, aimed at 15% weight loss. Successful participants were then placed on a weight maintenance diet for 144 weeks (phase two). Appetite-mediating hormones were examined at baseline, the end of phase one, and at weeks 48 and 144 of phase two. The primary outcome was mean difference in weight between groups at week 144 of phase two. The trial is registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number ACTRN12611000190909 Findings: 200 participants were randomised (97 to the RWL and 103 to the GWL programme). Following phase one, 80.9% of RWL participants achieved the weight loss goal compared to 62.4% of GWL participants (p = 0.007). At the end of phase two, both RWL and GWL participants regained most of their lost weight (76.3 ± 5.3% vs. 76.3 ± 5.6%, respectively; p = 0.78). The rate of weight regain did not differ between groups. Following weight loss, ghrelin rose in both groups and remained elevated 144 weeks after weight loss (p = 0.006). Interpretation: Achieving substantial weight loss is more likely if undertaken rapidly. The rate of weight loss does not influence the rate of weight regain. These findings are at odds with current dietary recommendations. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.145 102 The prevalence of food addiction as assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale: A systematic review Kirrilly Pursey 1,∗ , Peter Stanwell 1 , Ashley Gearhardt 2 , Clare Collins 1 , Tracy Burrows 1 1 University
of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia 2 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Background: Obesity is a global epidemic and it has been suggested that an addiction to certain foods could be a factor contributing to overeating and subsequent obesity. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was developed in 2009 to specifically assess food addiction. Given that food addiction is a rapidly growing area of research, it is timely to review how the YFAS tool has been applied in research. This review aimed to determine the prevalence of food addiction diagnosis and symptom scores, as assessed by the YFAS. Methods: Published studies from 2009 to July 2014 were retrieved and included if they reported