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THE READJUSTMENT OF MEDICAL EDUCATION IN NORWAY.
1212
by the streptothrix in its various phases. We need hardly in this subject become compulsory. The study of physics, point out that in cases of leprosy where there have been on the other hand, is of growing importance in medicine, and grave alterations produced by the inroads of the disease it is therefore proposed that more attention than heretofore upon the tissues it cannot be expected that any drug or should be given to those branches of physics which are most vaccine will restore these tissues once they are seriously important in medicine, and as the knowledge of such physics altered. Much, however, may be achieved with cases brought ’, is now acquired by the student in connexion with physiounder suitable treatment in the earlier stages of the malady logy, its separate study will not add much to his work. It It is un- is estimated that the above changes will shorten the first and when the remedy can be applied in time. fortunate that the presence of leprosy is so often concealed ’, part of the medical curriculum considerably, and that this as long as possible, with the consequence that the patients in reduction will facilitate the adoption of other changes in do not come under instances medical treatment until medical education, which are of an expansive rather than many it is too late to expect permanent benefit from the remedies of an abbreviated character. Briefly, these changes aim
applied. of the
All that
symptoms
can
as
THE 250TH
far
then be done is to afford alleviation as
practicable.
ANNIVERSARY OF THE SOCIETY.
ROYAL
THE following is the provisional programme of arrangements for the celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Royal Society in July :-
Monday, July 15th.-An evening reception of delegates at the room Royal Society. Tuesday, July 16th.-In the morning a commemorative service in Westminster Abbey; in the afternoon the official reception of delegates at the Royal Society and presentation of addresses ; in the evening a
of the
commemorative dinner at the Guildhall.
Wednesday, July 17th.-In the morning visits to places of interest in London ; in the afternoon the Duke of Northumberland gives a garden party at Syon House, Brentford; in the evening a conversazione at the rooms of the Royal Society. Thursday, July 18th.-In the morning visits to places of intereet in London ; in the afternoon the King gives a garden party at Windsor to which the delegates and Fellows of the society will be invited.
Friday. July
19th.-The
Universities.
THE
delegates
will visit Oxford and
READJUSTMENT OF MEDICAL IN NORWAY.
Cambridge
more thorough training in mental disease, instruction in massage and mechano-therapeutics, the therapeutics of light, and the preparation of food. At present the theory of massage and the results to be obtained therefrom may be familiar to the student, but he seldom has a practical knowledge of this subject or of the indications for its use. The same also applies to the study of diet in disease, the importance of which has now become more generally recognised. Another anomaly in present-day medical teaching is found by the committee in the care with which facilities are afforded the student for attending academic courses of lectures without interruption, while practical instruction in the various special departments is much hampered by the choice of inconvenient hours. The overlapping which ensues must inevitably lead to the loss of practical knowledge. Only a minority in the committee, however, have come to the conclusion that this fault is to be remedied by a drastic reduction of systematic lectures, their place to be taken by text-books and demonstrations.
at
EDUCATION OVARIAN
HERNIA IN
INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD.
IT has often been remarked that clinical rarities occur in DURING the last decades medical education has become an burden which bids fair to crush many a groups. A case of a kind hitherto unknown to the observer student who in earlier days would have become a useful is frequently followed by another of similar type, after a member of the medical profession. Hitherto changes in the short interval only. This curious "law"of coincidence is medical curriculum have almost invariably been synonymous well illustrated by the experience reported by Dr. Alexis with an increase in one direction or another of the tale of Moshcowitz in the New York Medical Joitrnal of March 6th. specialised subjects. In Norway it has been admitted for A female child, five months old, was admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital under his care in March, 1911, with some time that this process has been detrimental to the general usefulness of the younger generation of medical men, a diagnosis of strangulated hernia. She had vomited once, who have thus acquired a smattering of modern medical nine hours before admission, and there was a tender, tense knowledge at the expense of that handicraft which was swelling, of the size of a plum, in the left groin. The child taught in the old school and which is still necessary to-day. looked well and the bowels were active naturally. Dr. In 1902 a discussion in the Medical Society in Christiania on Moshcowitz agreed with the diagnosis of strangulated hernia, the readjustment of the medical curriculum was continued but thought the sac contained the uterus or its appendages off and on for about a year, and led to the appointment of a of the left side, since there were no intestinal symptoms committee, the findings of which have recently been reported and vomiting had ceased. This surmise proved correct. by one of its members, Dr. A. Tanberg, in the -Norsk The sac, which was of the inguino. superficial type, and Ma,gazinfor Laegevidenskaben for February. Asmedicaleduca- probably congenital, since it was densely adherent to tion in Norway differs in detail rather than in principle from the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, was that of this country this report is of interest ; but the radical found to contain the left ovary and tube in a changes proposed will doubtless meet in some quarters with gangrenous condition. This was caused by complete considerable disapproval. As the laws governing normal torsion of the ovarian pedicle and rendered extirpation and pathological processes are now clearly taught throughout necessary. Recovery was complete. In August, 1911, a the medical curriculum, the necessity for special instruction little girl, aged 7 weeks, was admitted with a history of 20 in biology has become less. It is therefore proposed that hours’ crying coinciding with the appearance of a small zoologp should be omitted as a special subject from the swelling in the right groin. On incision the ovary, which lay curriculum, comparative anatomy alone being retained and within the hernial sac, was found to be purple in colour but included in the study of human anatomy. The exclusion of viable ; the pedicle slipped back into the abdomen, so that it botany as a special subject is also proposed, for the relation was not possible to say whether it had been twisted or not. of botany to medicine has grown more remote now that the The sac was extirpated but the ovary was spared; here, also, isolation of the active principles of plants has come into the the outcome was satisfactory. Dr. Moshcowitz was able to The study of plants possessing discover 40 cases of ovarian hernia in childhood recorded in manufacturer’s hands. therapeutical or toxicological properties may be included in medical literature ; of these all but three occurred in children pharmacology, while the anatomy and physiology of plants, under 1 year. In 26 the pedicle was known to be twisted ; affording as they do an excellent training for the subsequent in 10 torsion was not noted but probably existed ; and in 4 study of animal life, should be so far retained that ten lessons only is it certain that there was no twist. From the nature
increasingly heavy
by the streptothrix in its various phases. We need hardly in this subject become compulsory. The study of physics, point out that in cases of leprosy where there have been on the other hand, is of growing importance in medicine, and grave alterations produced by the inroads of the disease it is therefore proposed that more attention than heretofore upon the tissues it cannot be expected that any drug or should be given to those branches of physics which are most vaccine will restore these tissues once they are seriously important in medicine, and as the knowledge of such physics altered. Much, however, may be achieved with cases brought ’, is now acquired by the student in connexion with physiounder suitable treatment in the earlier stages of the malady logy, its separate study will not add much to his work. It It is un- is estimated that the above changes will shorten the first and when the remedy can be applied in time. fortunate that the presence of leprosy is so often concealed ’, part of the medical curriculum considerably, and that this as long as possible, with the consequence that the patients in reduction will facilitate the adoption of other changes in do not come under instances medical treatment until medical education, which are of an expansive rather than many it is too late to expect permanent benefit from the remedies of an abbreviated character. Briefly, these changes aim
applied. of the
All that
symptoms
can
as
THE 250TH
far
then be done is to afford alleviation as
practicable.
ANNIVERSARY OF THE SOCIETY.
ROYAL
THE following is the provisional programme of arrangements for the celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Royal Society in July :-
Monday, July 15th.-An evening reception of delegates at the room Royal Society. Tuesday, July 16th.-In the morning a commemorative service in Westminster Abbey; in the afternoon the official reception of delegates at the Royal Society and presentation of addresses ; in the evening a
of the
commemorative dinner at the Guildhall.
Wednesday, July 17th.-In the morning visits to places of interest in London ; in the afternoon the Duke of Northumberland gives a garden party at Syon House, Brentford; in the evening a conversazione at the rooms of the Royal Society. Thursday, July 18th.-In the morning visits to places of intereet in London ; in the afternoon the King gives a garden party at Windsor to which the delegates and Fellows of the society will be invited.
Friday. July
19th.-The
Universities.
THE
delegates
will visit Oxford and
READJUSTMENT OF MEDICAL IN NORWAY.
Cambridge
more thorough training in mental disease, instruction in massage and mechano-therapeutics, the therapeutics of light, and the preparation of food. At present the theory of massage and the results to be obtained therefrom may be familiar to the student, but he seldom has a practical knowledge of this subject or of the indications for its use. The same also applies to the study of diet in disease, the importance of which has now become more generally recognised. Another anomaly in present-day medical teaching is found by the committee in the care with which facilities are afforded the student for attending academic courses of lectures without interruption, while practical instruction in the various special departments is much hampered by the choice of inconvenient hours. The overlapping which ensues must inevitably lead to the loss of practical knowledge. Only a minority in the committee, however, have come to the conclusion that this fault is to be remedied by a drastic reduction of systematic lectures, their place to be taken by text-books and demonstrations.
at
EDUCATION OVARIAN
HERNIA IN
INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD.
IT has often been remarked that clinical rarities occur in DURING the last decades medical education has become an burden which bids fair to crush many a groups. A case of a kind hitherto unknown to the observer student who in earlier days would have become a useful is frequently followed by another of similar type, after a member of the medical profession. Hitherto changes in the short interval only. This curious "law"of coincidence is medical curriculum have almost invariably been synonymous well illustrated by the experience reported by Dr. Alexis with an increase in one direction or another of the tale of Moshcowitz in the New York Medical Joitrnal of March 6th. specialised subjects. In Norway it has been admitted for A female child, five months old, was admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital under his care in March, 1911, with some time that this process has been detrimental to the general usefulness of the younger generation of medical men, a diagnosis of strangulated hernia. She had vomited once, who have thus acquired a smattering of modern medical nine hours before admission, and there was a tender, tense knowledge at the expense of that handicraft which was swelling, of the size of a plum, in the left groin. The child taught in the old school and which is still necessary to-day. looked well and the bowels were active naturally. Dr. In 1902 a discussion in the Medical Society in Christiania on Moshcowitz agreed with the diagnosis of strangulated hernia, the readjustment of the medical curriculum was continued but thought the sac contained the uterus or its appendages off and on for about a year, and led to the appointment of a of the left side, since there were no intestinal symptoms committee, the findings of which have recently been reported and vomiting had ceased. This surmise proved correct. by one of its members, Dr. A. Tanberg, in the -Norsk The sac, which was of the inguino. superficial type, and Ma,gazinfor Laegevidenskaben for February. Asmedicaleduca- probably congenital, since it was densely adherent to tion in Norway differs in detail rather than in principle from the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, was that of this country this report is of interest ; but the radical found to contain the left ovary and tube in a changes proposed will doubtless meet in some quarters with gangrenous condition. This was caused by complete considerable disapproval. As the laws governing normal torsion of the ovarian pedicle and rendered extirpation and pathological processes are now clearly taught throughout necessary. Recovery was complete. In August, 1911, a the medical curriculum, the necessity for special instruction little girl, aged 7 weeks, was admitted with a history of 20 in biology has become less. It is therefore proposed that hours’ crying coinciding with the appearance of a small zoologp should be omitted as a special subject from the swelling in the right groin. On incision the ovary, which lay curriculum, comparative anatomy alone being retained and within the hernial sac, was found to be purple in colour but included in the study of human anatomy. The exclusion of viable ; the pedicle slipped back into the abdomen, so that it botany as a special subject is also proposed, for the relation was not possible to say whether it had been twisted or not. of botany to medicine has grown more remote now that the The sac was extirpated but the ovary was spared; here, also, isolation of the active principles of plants has come into the the outcome was satisfactory. Dr. Moshcowitz was able to The study of plants possessing discover 40 cases of ovarian hernia in childhood recorded in manufacturer’s hands. therapeutical or toxicological properties may be included in medical literature ; of these all but three occurred in children pharmacology, while the anatomy and physiology of plants, under 1 year. In 26 the pedicle was known to be twisted ; affording as they do an excellent training for the subsequent in 10 torsion was not noted but probably existed ; and in 4 study of animal life, should be so far retained that ten lessons only is it certain that there was no twist. From the nature
increasingly heavy