- Email: [email protected]
The revolution is here to stay
ham from wllere he graduated with first class honours in 1979. Is now completing his professional training with his sponsoring company, British Aerospace.
An interactive digital computer program to encode and analyse the manual assembly of small parts G A Russell and R P Field (University of
Massachusetts, USA) The programming of modern computers as design evaluators is a common practice in many industrial situations. This paper describes such a computer program for the analysis of the manual assembly of small parts. The program is interactive in assisting the user in establishing appropriate numerical code values for each step in the assembly process and provides several output data formats. Time estimates for each basic operation, each subassembly, and the complete assembly are generated at the option of the user and displayed by the computer. The program also identifies and lists the functional parts, non-functional parts, and tools and fixtures used in the assembly process.
SZC-SJCL language programming system for three-coordinate measuring machine W Xianyuan (Beijing Institute of Precision Instrumentation, The Peoples Republic of China) The paper deals with the main features, constitution and function of the SZCSJCL language. It is a programmable, conversational, modular real-time data-processing system, which is developed on the basis of BASIC language. Expanded measuring statements and BASIC statements (some of them are modified) are compatible. Measuring special statements are divided into three categories: namely, reference, control and evaluation. With them a user may realize a three-dimensional correction for a part, conversion of miscellaneous functions, and usual basic measurements of geometric shape and position. In this paper, some inspecting methods of normal error of curved surfaces and plane curves are also described, some of them have been used in practice. Wang Xianyuan was born in 1939, graduated from the mechanical engineering department of Tsinghua University, Beijing, in 1964, and is now an engineer at the Precision Engineering Institute for Aircraft Industry.
A graphic interactive package for the optimization of mechanical components M L Luchi (Univ. della Calabria, Italy), F Persiani (Univ. di Bologna, Italy) and A Poggialini (Univ. della Calabria, Italy) Shape optimization of mechanical axisymmetric components is carried out by means of an interactive procedure based on the Box algorithm. Analyses are performed by the finite-element method. The present paper concerns the implementation of the procedure on a minicomputer supplied with a video unit. The way in which vide'ointeractivity is exploited is also discussed.
90
An integrated CAD/CAM system based upon Motorola 6800 series microprocessor system A Jebb, H A Pak and D T Dalzell, (Imperial College of Science & Technology, UK) This paper describes the development of a low-cost microcomputer basedinteractive CAD/CAM system. The system is capable of creation, interactive display and plotting of mechanical engineering drawings. In addition the system has the capability for creating part programs for a family of microprocessor based Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools being developed at Imperial College. Thus an interactive link between CAD and CAM has been achieved. Use is made of distributed processing in the actual CAM subsystem thus providing a flexible multiaxis control. Although the CAM subsystem can be activated in a fully interactive mode accepting commands and part programs from the CAD subsystem, it can also be operated by a human operator as a standalone system. To facilitate this mode of operation the vocabulary of the command language used has been made simple and versatile. Dr Alan Jebb, Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering is responsible for the control and development of the laboratories and workshops concerned with CAD, CAM, advanced machine too/control and Nuclear Power. In addition to leading this research he ls a research and development consultant in the transport industry. Mr A Pak, a mechanical and control engineer, is a post doctoral assistant in Mechanical Engineering and is currently engaged in applied research work relating to the application of microprocessors in CAD and CAM. Mr D T Dalzell, an electrical engineer, is a PhD student currently conducting applied research with the application of microprocessors to CAD and CAM.
BUILDING
DESIGN
The revolution is here to stay A Bijl (EdCAAD, UK) Origins of computing are traced to earlier developments of people's ability to record and process information, to numeracy and literacy. Questions are posed about the influence which these overt techniques exert on how people, in general, think and act. Growth of computing is attributed to people's expectations of the role which computers can fulfil, with new technology providing the means. The certainty of its future is attributed to people's need to access and process overwhelming quantities of information. Current CAAD developments are outlined, and the paper concludes by indicating how this field ought to progress.
A system for integrated design - SID M A Rosenman and J S Gero {University of
Sydney, Australia) This paper describes a computer-aided design system, SID, for optimizing the
selection of elements comprising a building system. A solution methodology is provided for the problem of integrating a large number of elements with complex interrelationships and conflicts into an overall design. The dasign problem is formulated as a stagestate optimization problem, the stages corresponding to the various building subsystems and the states to the feasible alternatives for each subsystem. The objective function to be optimized is chosen by the designer. The system produces information about the optimal designs in the form of the optimal selections to be made. A heuristic non-serial dynamic programming algorithm, developed by the authors, is used to carry out the optimization process. SID is a command language based interactive system. Michael Rosenman is a Doctoral Student in the Department of Architectural Science, University of Sydney and a practising architect. He graduated with an architecture degree and proceeded to obtain a master's degree. This was followed by eight years of practice in Israel. He is the author of numerous papers in the area of optimization methods.
A partitioning approach to large floor plan layout problems R S Liggett (University of California at Los Angeles, USA) This paper reports on the design and implementation of a technique for solving largescale spatial allocation problems which have been formulated as a quadratic assignment problem. An existing heuristic solution procedure, which has been shown to produce near-optimal solutions to a variety of small problems, is combined with a partitioning scheme to allow the efficient solution of problems in the range of 100 to 1000 elements. Application of the method to architectural floor plan layout problems is discussed and a specific case study using the Armour-Buffa plant layout problem is presented. Dr Robin Segerblom Liggett teaches courses in quantitative methods and computer applications. Her research focuses on develop ment of interactive graphic computer systems which aid in design and decision making. Special emphasis is placed on space allocation, routing, scheduling, and districting problems.
A graphical input system for computer-aided architectural design W Robertz and D P Greenberg (Cornel/
University, USA) A system for creating geometric volumes for architectural design is presented. Techniques developed conform with procedures currentll used in architectural design. Extensive drawing and editing routines for carefully defining two-dimensional polygons are described. Twe methods of extrusion are available for threedimensional generation. Buildings may be composed of multiple volumes created in reference to each other. Furthermore, volumes created by this program may be used as input into various other geometric editing and application routines.
c o m p u t e r - a i d e d design
An interactive digital computer program to encode and analyse the manual assembly of small parts G A Russell and R P Field (University of
Massachusetts, USA) The programming of modern computers as design evaluators is a common practice in many industrial situations. This paper describes such a computer program for the analysis of the manual assembly of small parts. The program is interactive in assisting the user in establishing appropriate numerical code values for each step in the assembly process and provides several output data formats. Time estimates for each basic operation, each subassembly, and the complete assembly are generated at the option of the user and displayed by the computer. The program also identifies and lists the functional parts, non-functional parts, and tools and fixtures used in the assembly process.
SZC-SJCL language programming system for three-coordinate measuring machine W Xianyuan (Beijing Institute of Precision Instrumentation, The Peoples Republic of China) The paper deals with the main features, constitution and function of the SZCSJCL language. It is a programmable, conversational, modular real-time data-processing system, which is developed on the basis of BASIC language. Expanded measuring statements and BASIC statements (some of them are modified) are compatible. Measuring special statements are divided into three categories: namely, reference, control and evaluation. With them a user may realize a three-dimensional correction for a part, conversion of miscellaneous functions, and usual basic measurements of geometric shape and position. In this paper, some inspecting methods of normal error of curved surfaces and plane curves are also described, some of them have been used in practice. Wang Xianyuan was born in 1939, graduated from the mechanical engineering department of Tsinghua University, Beijing, in 1964, and is now an engineer at the Precision Engineering Institute for Aircraft Industry.
A graphic interactive package for the optimization of mechanical components M L Luchi (Univ. della Calabria, Italy), F Persiani (Univ. di Bologna, Italy) and A Poggialini (Univ. della Calabria, Italy) Shape optimization of mechanical axisymmetric components is carried out by means of an interactive procedure based on the Box algorithm. Analyses are performed by the finite-element method. The present paper concerns the implementation of the procedure on a minicomputer supplied with a video unit. The way in which vide'ointeractivity is exploited is also discussed.
90
An integrated CAD/CAM system based upon Motorola 6800 series microprocessor system A Jebb, H A Pak and D T Dalzell, (Imperial College of Science & Technology, UK) This paper describes the development of a low-cost microcomputer basedinteractive CAD/CAM system. The system is capable of creation, interactive display and plotting of mechanical engineering drawings. In addition the system has the capability for creating part programs for a family of microprocessor based Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools being developed at Imperial College. Thus an interactive link between CAD and CAM has been achieved. Use is made of distributed processing in the actual CAM subsystem thus providing a flexible multiaxis control. Although the CAM subsystem can be activated in a fully interactive mode accepting commands and part programs from the CAD subsystem, it can also be operated by a human operator as a standalone system. To facilitate this mode of operation the vocabulary of the command language used has been made simple and versatile. Dr Alan Jebb, Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering is responsible for the control and development of the laboratories and workshops concerned with CAD, CAM, advanced machine too/control and Nuclear Power. In addition to leading this research he ls a research and development consultant in the transport industry. Mr A Pak, a mechanical and control engineer, is a post doctoral assistant in Mechanical Engineering and is currently engaged in applied research work relating to the application of microprocessors in CAD and CAM. Mr D T Dalzell, an electrical engineer, is a PhD student currently conducting applied research with the application of microprocessors to CAD and CAM.
BUILDING
DESIGN
The revolution is here to stay A Bijl (EdCAAD, UK) Origins of computing are traced to earlier developments of people's ability to record and process information, to numeracy and literacy. Questions are posed about the influence which these overt techniques exert on how people, in general, think and act. Growth of computing is attributed to people's expectations of the role which computers can fulfil, with new technology providing the means. The certainty of its future is attributed to people's need to access and process overwhelming quantities of information. Current CAAD developments are outlined, and the paper concludes by indicating how this field ought to progress.
A system for integrated design - SID M A Rosenman and J S Gero {University of
Sydney, Australia) This paper describes a computer-aided design system, SID, for optimizing the
selection of elements comprising a building system. A solution methodology is provided for the problem of integrating a large number of elements with complex interrelationships and conflicts into an overall design. The dasign problem is formulated as a stagestate optimization problem, the stages corresponding to the various building subsystems and the states to the feasible alternatives for each subsystem. The objective function to be optimized is chosen by the designer. The system produces information about the optimal designs in the form of the optimal selections to be made. A heuristic non-serial dynamic programming algorithm, developed by the authors, is used to carry out the optimization process. SID is a command language based interactive system. Michael Rosenman is a Doctoral Student in the Department of Architectural Science, University of Sydney and a practising architect. He graduated with an architecture degree and proceeded to obtain a master's degree. This was followed by eight years of practice in Israel. He is the author of numerous papers in the area of optimization methods.
A partitioning approach to large floor plan layout problems R S Liggett (University of California at Los Angeles, USA) This paper reports on the design and implementation of a technique for solving largescale spatial allocation problems which have been formulated as a quadratic assignment problem. An existing heuristic solution procedure, which has been shown to produce near-optimal solutions to a variety of small problems, is combined with a partitioning scheme to allow the efficient solution of problems in the range of 100 to 1000 elements. Application of the method to architectural floor plan layout problems is discussed and a specific case study using the Armour-Buffa plant layout problem is presented. Dr Robin Segerblom Liggett teaches courses in quantitative methods and computer applications. Her research focuses on develop ment of interactive graphic computer systems which aid in design and decision making. Special emphasis is placed on space allocation, routing, scheduling, and districting problems.
A graphical input system for computer-aided architectural design W Robertz and D P Greenberg (Cornel/
University, USA) A system for creating geometric volumes for architectural design is presented. Techniques developed conform with procedures currentll used in architectural design. Extensive drawing and editing routines for carefully defining two-dimensional polygons are described. Twe methods of extrusion are available for threedimensional generation. Buildings may be composed of multiple volumes created in reference to each other. Furthermore, volumes created by this program may be used as input into various other geometric editing and application routines.
c o m p u t e r - a i d e d design