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The role of decidual T cells and cytokines in promoting placental and fetal growth
34
S 28
LYMPHOKINES AT AND S U R V I V A L .
G CHAOUAT, and
TG
THE
FETO
E MENU,
WEGMAN****
MATERNAL
M HOFMAN. U
262
INTERFACE
M DY*,
INSERM
AFFECT
M MINKOWSKI*,
Maternit~
FETAL
SIZE
D A CLARK***
Baudelocque,
123
bd
de
Port-Royal 75674 PARIS Cedex 14. * U 25 INSERM. *** Mac Master University. **** University of Alberta Canada. Since the transfer of immunised CBA/J anti Balb/c T cells as well as Mrl ipr/Ipr T cells reduce CBA/J DBA/2 fetal wastage, and since it can be increased by poly I C12 U activited ceils, w e have investigated various Iy m p h o k i n e s in this system. TNF, as well as high doses of gamma interferon, or R-IL2, proved to enhance resorbtions. Conversely, IL-3 from WEHI, or GM CSF from P338 DI, treated resorbtions and corrected placental size and fetal weight. So did recombinant TNF. Preliminary experiments suggest there is more GM CSF, and less TNF, in the C B A x Balb/c decidua than in the C B A x DBA/2. This relationship is corrected( more G M CSF, m u c h less TNF) w h e n one examines the decidua of C B A / J vaccinated against Balb/c prior to D B A / 2 mating. No IL-3 could be traced in the decidua. (Though IL-3 corrects resorbtion rates). The doses of G M CSF used in vivo are too low to D I R E C T L Y affect placental growth. They could either have an effect on CSFI production, and thushave a 2 step trophic role, or decrease TNF production, as well as local non specific killer function. In support of the former is placental size, of the later M L C C M L s C T L s experiments, w h i c h w i l l be described. lymphokines
-
placenta
-
abortion
-
expansion.
S 29 THE ROLEOF DECIDUAL T CELLS AND CYTOKINES IN PROMOTINGPLACENTAL AND FETAL GROWTH THOMAS G. WEGMANN, Department of Immunology, University of Alberta, 8-60 Medical Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7 Canada. Cytokines, particularly those of the CSF family, are present in the uterus during pregnancy and seem to have an effect on placental and fetal growth in vivo and in v i t r o . Various aspects of this phenomenon w i l l be reviewed, in--n-cTuding the role played by maternal T cells on this phenomenon, and the nature of the placental cells that respond. In addition, the effect that these cytokines have on placental cell function, including endocrine stimulation, w i l l be presented. Thus there appears to be an immune:endocrine interface present at the maternal:fetal interface. In general, the CSF cytokines represent an autocrine:paracrine system that promotes placental cell growth. Someof the paracrine influence is through the immune system and some of i t is independent of the immune system. cytokine,
CSF, autocrine
S 28
LYMPHOKINES AT AND S U R V I V A L .
G CHAOUAT, and
TG
THE
FETO
E MENU,
WEGMAN****
MATERNAL
M HOFMAN. U
262
INTERFACE
M DY*,
INSERM
AFFECT
M MINKOWSKI*,
Maternit~
FETAL
SIZE
D A CLARK***
Baudelocque,
123
bd
de
Port-Royal 75674 PARIS Cedex 14. * U 25 INSERM. *** Mac Master University. **** University of Alberta Canada. Since the transfer of immunised CBA/J anti Balb/c T cells as well as Mrl ipr/Ipr T cells reduce CBA/J DBA/2 fetal wastage, and since it can be increased by poly I C12 U activited ceils, w e have investigated various Iy m p h o k i n e s in this system. TNF, as well as high doses of gamma interferon, or R-IL2, proved to enhance resorbtions. Conversely, IL-3 from WEHI, or GM CSF from P338 DI, treated resorbtions and corrected placental size and fetal weight. So did recombinant TNF. Preliminary experiments suggest there is more GM CSF, and less TNF, in the C B A x Balb/c decidua than in the C B A x DBA/2. This relationship is corrected( more G M CSF, m u c h less TNF) w h e n one examines the decidua of C B A / J vaccinated against Balb/c prior to D B A / 2 mating. No IL-3 could be traced in the decidua. (Though IL-3 corrects resorbtion rates). The doses of G M CSF used in vivo are too low to D I R E C T L Y affect placental growth. They could either have an effect on CSFI production, and thushave a 2 step trophic role, or decrease TNF production, as well as local non specific killer function. In support of the former is placental size, of the later M L C C M L s C T L s experiments, w h i c h w i l l be described. lymphokines
-
placenta
-
abortion
-
expansion.
S 29 THE ROLEOF DECIDUAL T CELLS AND CYTOKINES IN PROMOTINGPLACENTAL AND FETAL GROWTH THOMAS G. WEGMANN, Department of Immunology, University of Alberta, 8-60 Medical Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7 Canada. Cytokines, particularly those of the CSF family, are present in the uterus during pregnancy and seem to have an effect on placental and fetal growth in vivo and in v i t r o . Various aspects of this phenomenon w i l l be reviewed, in--n-cTuding the role played by maternal T cells on this phenomenon, and the nature of the placental cells that respond. In addition, the effect that these cytokines have on placental cell function, including endocrine stimulation, w i l l be presented. Thus there appears to be an immune:endocrine interface present at the maternal:fetal interface. In general, the CSF cytokines represent an autocrine:paracrine system that promotes placental cell growth. Someof the paracrine influence is through the immune system and some of i t is independent of the immune system. cytokine,
CSF, autocrine