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The role of GABAA receptor-mediated actions of taurine in developing cerebral cortex
Abstracts / Neuroscience Research 58S (2007) S1–S244
S77
P1-b24 The role of GABAA receptor-mediated actions of tau-
P1-b28 Sigma-1 receptor expression in rat brain during post-
rine in developing cerebral cortex
natal development
T. Furukawa 1 , J. Yamada 3 , K. Inoue 1 , Y. Matsushima 2 , Y. Yanagawa 4 , A. Fukuda 1,3 1 Department of Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; 2 Department of Chemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; 3 Department of Biol Info Process Grad Sch Elec Sci & Tech Shizuoka University, Japan; 4 Department of Dev and Int Neurosci, Gunma University School of Medicine, Japan
Tomoyuki Enokiya 1 , Hideko Yamamoto 2 , Toshifumi Yamamoto 1,2 1 Laboratory of Molecular Recognition, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan; 2 Division of Psychobiology, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
It is known that GABAA receptor (R)-mediate actions are known to modulate radial migration of cortical plate (CP) cells. Paradoxically, however, GAD65, 67 double knock-out mice showed normal cortical architecture. This implies compensatory mechanism either in receptors or agonists. We used GAD67-GFP knock-in mice to investigate the effects of ambient GABA. It is known that taurine concentration peaks in embryonic days. We thus investigate the influence of the ambient taurine to CP cells by inhibiting taurine metabolism using D-cysteine sulfinate (D-CSA). The CP cells which exist in ventricular zone at E14 were labeled by in utero electroporation. The distribution of labeled cells was analyzed at E17. The radial migration was facilitated in taurine decreased homozygous GAD67GFP knock-in mice. This result indicates taurine may have supplemental effect for GABA, that could play critical protective role in pathological condition of GABAergic system.
P1-b26 Expression of an acyl-CoA synthetase, lipidosin, in astrocytes and its up-regulation during experimental remyelination Song 1 ,
Kato 1 ,
Adachi 2 ,
Si-Young Chieko Eijiro Naohiro Hashimoto 3 1 Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University at Kagawa, Sanuki, Japan; 2 Department of Molecular Morphology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan; 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Oobu, Japan Lipidosin is a long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase expressed in the organs that are selectively damaged in X-linked ALD. Immunohistochemistry showed that lipidosin immunoreactivity was colocalized with that of GFAP, but not with PGP 9.5, and lipidosin-producing cells detected by an antisense probe specific for lipidosin mRNA were also GFAP-immunopositive. These data indicate that lipidosin is expressed in astrocytes, but not in neurons. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed that lipidosin immunoreactivity was widely distributed from astrocytic perivascular endfeet to perisynaptic processes. Lipidosin immunoreactivity was much increased during the recovery phase from experimental demyelination. These data suggest that lipidosin may be involved in lipid metabolism mediated by astocytes during the process of remyelination.
P1-b27 Aberration of glutamatergic neurons in X-ray irradiated mouse embryonic cortex Ting Wu 1 , Ayuka Ina 1 , Sachine Yoshida 1 , Jinko Konno 1 , Fumihiro Shutoh 1 , Xue-Zhi Sun 2 , Setsuji Hisano 1 1 Graduate School, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; 2 National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan Although prenatal X-ray irradiation induces severe defects of neuronal migration and layering in the embryonic cerebral cortex, no study has focused on aberration of glutamatergic neurons by the irradiation. In ICR mouse embryos irradiated with X-ray (1.5 Gy) on embryonic day (E) 9 or E13, cortical glutamatergic neurons were examined on E11, E13, E15 and E17 by immunostaining for vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1 and VGLUT2), glutamatergic neuron markers. Little aberration was seen in the cortex of E9-irradiated embryos except the delayed cortical plate (CP) formation at any age examined. In the E13-irradiated embryos, cortical afferent glutamatergic axons obliquely traversed CP and ran up to the superficial layer. Fiber bundles in both cortical afferent and efferent trajectories expanded in the intermediate zone. These results show that the susceptible period to the X-ray irradiation of developing mouse glutamatergic neurons is between E9 and E13, with different impacts depending on the time of irradiation.
-1 receptors (Sig1R) appear to play a significant role in a variety of physiological processes, including neuronal development. In this study, we investigated the developmental changes of Sig1R expression in rat frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum from postnatal day 1 to 12 months by using immunoblot analysis. In all regions, the levels of Sig1R expression were highest at postnatal day 1, and were lowered during development. In striatum, Sig1R levels were decreased rapidly after birth, meanwhile decreased from 3-weeks and 1-week postnatal in hippocampus and cerebellum, respectively. The levels of Sig1R expression were lowest at adult rat (older than 8-weeks) in all brain regions. In addition, after subchronic treatment of Sig1R agonist, fluvoxamine in adult rat (8weeks), the level of Sig1R expression significantly increased in striatum but not in cerebellum. These results indicate that the Sig1R expressions were differentially regulated in brain regions and developmental stages.
P1-b29 Cajal-Retzius cells express vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) during the mouse corticogenesis Ayuka Ina, Jinko Konno, Sachine Yoshida, Fumihiro Shutoh, Setsuji Hisano Graduate School, Compre Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan Despite glutamate plays a crucial role in neuronal growth and migration, little is known about when and where glutamate acts in the fetal brain. Therefore, we studied ontogeny of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, the best markers of glutamatergic neurons, in the mouse fetal cerebral cortex. In situ hybridization revealed that VGLUT1 mRNA (VGLUT1) expression occurs in preplate (PP) cells at E10 but not in marginal zone (MZ) cells from E15 onward, whereas VGLUT2 expression persists in the PP/MZ cells from E10 to E17. In accordance with this result, fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence staining showed that VGLUT1 exists in microtubule-associating protein 2-positive/reelin-negative pioneer neurons, while VGLUT2 exists in reelin-positive Cajal-Retzius cells in the PP/MZ. These results show that Cajal-Retzius cells and pioneer neurons are glutamatergic, suggesting that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 differentially play distinct roles in glutamate-mediated events mediated by these earliest born cells before the initiation of synaptogenesis.
P1-b31 M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is preferentially expressed in the principal neurons of the mouse telencephalon Miwako Yamasaki, Yutaka Iizuka, Masahiko Watanabe Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan The M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR) is a Gq/11 -protein coupled receptor, and its activation is known to exert various effects on neural functions. In the present study, we examined cellular and subcellular localization of M1 mAChR in the mouse telencephalon. Immunofluorescence with specific antibody revealed that M1 mAChR was abundantly expressed in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the striatum. In the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, intense immunoreactivities for M1 mAChR were observed in the perikarya and dendrites of pyramidal neurons, but not in GAD67/65-positive interneurons. In the striatum, intense signals were observed in the perikarya and dendrites of medium spiny neurons, but not in parvalubmin-, nNOS-, or CHT-positive interneurons. These results suggest that M1 mAChR is preferentially expressed in principal neurons, but not in interneurons, in the telencephalon.
S77
P1-b24 The role of GABAA receptor-mediated actions of tau-
P1-b28 Sigma-1 receptor expression in rat brain during post-
rine in developing cerebral cortex
natal development
T. Furukawa 1 , J. Yamada 3 , K. Inoue 1 , Y. Matsushima 2 , Y. Yanagawa 4 , A. Fukuda 1,3 1 Department of Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; 2 Department of Chemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; 3 Department of Biol Info Process Grad Sch Elec Sci & Tech Shizuoka University, Japan; 4 Department of Dev and Int Neurosci, Gunma University School of Medicine, Japan
Tomoyuki Enokiya 1 , Hideko Yamamoto 2 , Toshifumi Yamamoto 1,2 1 Laboratory of Molecular Recognition, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan; 2 Division of Psychobiology, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
It is known that GABAA receptor (R)-mediate actions are known to modulate radial migration of cortical plate (CP) cells. Paradoxically, however, GAD65, 67 double knock-out mice showed normal cortical architecture. This implies compensatory mechanism either in receptors or agonists. We used GAD67-GFP knock-in mice to investigate the effects of ambient GABA. It is known that taurine concentration peaks in embryonic days. We thus investigate the influence of the ambient taurine to CP cells by inhibiting taurine metabolism using D-cysteine sulfinate (D-CSA). The CP cells which exist in ventricular zone at E14 were labeled by in utero electroporation. The distribution of labeled cells was analyzed at E17. The radial migration was facilitated in taurine decreased homozygous GAD67GFP knock-in mice. This result indicates taurine may have supplemental effect for GABA, that could play critical protective role in pathological condition of GABAergic system.
P1-b26 Expression of an acyl-CoA synthetase, lipidosin, in astrocytes and its up-regulation during experimental remyelination Song 1 ,
Kato 1 ,
Adachi 2 ,
Si-Young Chieko Eijiro Naohiro Hashimoto 3 1 Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University at Kagawa, Sanuki, Japan; 2 Department of Molecular Morphology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan; 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Oobu, Japan Lipidosin is a long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase expressed in the organs that are selectively damaged in X-linked ALD. Immunohistochemistry showed that lipidosin immunoreactivity was colocalized with that of GFAP, but not with PGP 9.5, and lipidosin-producing cells detected by an antisense probe specific for lipidosin mRNA were also GFAP-immunopositive. These data indicate that lipidosin is expressed in astrocytes, but not in neurons. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed that lipidosin immunoreactivity was widely distributed from astrocytic perivascular endfeet to perisynaptic processes. Lipidosin immunoreactivity was much increased during the recovery phase from experimental demyelination. These data suggest that lipidosin may be involved in lipid metabolism mediated by astocytes during the process of remyelination.
P1-b27 Aberration of glutamatergic neurons in X-ray irradiated mouse embryonic cortex Ting Wu 1 , Ayuka Ina 1 , Sachine Yoshida 1 , Jinko Konno 1 , Fumihiro Shutoh 1 , Xue-Zhi Sun 2 , Setsuji Hisano 1 1 Graduate School, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; 2 National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan Although prenatal X-ray irradiation induces severe defects of neuronal migration and layering in the embryonic cerebral cortex, no study has focused on aberration of glutamatergic neurons by the irradiation. In ICR mouse embryos irradiated with X-ray (1.5 Gy) on embryonic day (E) 9 or E13, cortical glutamatergic neurons were examined on E11, E13, E15 and E17 by immunostaining for vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1 and VGLUT2), glutamatergic neuron markers. Little aberration was seen in the cortex of E9-irradiated embryos except the delayed cortical plate (CP) formation at any age examined. In the E13-irradiated embryos, cortical afferent glutamatergic axons obliquely traversed CP and ran up to the superficial layer. Fiber bundles in both cortical afferent and efferent trajectories expanded in the intermediate zone. These results show that the susceptible period to the X-ray irradiation of developing mouse glutamatergic neurons is between E9 and E13, with different impacts depending on the time of irradiation.
-1 receptors (Sig1R) appear to play a significant role in a variety of physiological processes, including neuronal development. In this study, we investigated the developmental changes of Sig1R expression in rat frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum from postnatal day 1 to 12 months by using immunoblot analysis. In all regions, the levels of Sig1R expression were highest at postnatal day 1, and were lowered during development. In striatum, Sig1R levels were decreased rapidly after birth, meanwhile decreased from 3-weeks and 1-week postnatal in hippocampus and cerebellum, respectively. The levels of Sig1R expression were lowest at adult rat (older than 8-weeks) in all brain regions. In addition, after subchronic treatment of Sig1R agonist, fluvoxamine in adult rat (8weeks), the level of Sig1R expression significantly increased in striatum but not in cerebellum. These results indicate that the Sig1R expressions were differentially regulated in brain regions and developmental stages.
P1-b29 Cajal-Retzius cells express vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) during the mouse corticogenesis Ayuka Ina, Jinko Konno, Sachine Yoshida, Fumihiro Shutoh, Setsuji Hisano Graduate School, Compre Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan Despite glutamate plays a crucial role in neuronal growth and migration, little is known about when and where glutamate acts in the fetal brain. Therefore, we studied ontogeny of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, the best markers of glutamatergic neurons, in the mouse fetal cerebral cortex. In situ hybridization revealed that VGLUT1 mRNA (VGLUT1) expression occurs in preplate (PP) cells at E10 but not in marginal zone (MZ) cells from E15 onward, whereas VGLUT2 expression persists in the PP/MZ cells from E10 to E17. In accordance with this result, fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence staining showed that VGLUT1 exists in microtubule-associating protein 2-positive/reelin-negative pioneer neurons, while VGLUT2 exists in reelin-positive Cajal-Retzius cells in the PP/MZ. These results show that Cajal-Retzius cells and pioneer neurons are glutamatergic, suggesting that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 differentially play distinct roles in glutamate-mediated events mediated by these earliest born cells before the initiation of synaptogenesis.
P1-b31 M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is preferentially expressed in the principal neurons of the mouse telencephalon Miwako Yamasaki, Yutaka Iizuka, Masahiko Watanabe Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan The M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR) is a Gq/11 -protein coupled receptor, and its activation is known to exert various effects on neural functions. In the present study, we examined cellular and subcellular localization of M1 mAChR in the mouse telencephalon. Immunofluorescence with specific antibody revealed that M1 mAChR was abundantly expressed in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the striatum. In the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, intense immunoreactivities for M1 mAChR were observed in the perikarya and dendrites of pyramidal neurons, but not in GAD67/65-positive interneurons. In the striatum, intense signals were observed in the perikarya and dendrites of medium spiny neurons, but not in parvalubmin-, nNOS-, or CHT-positive interneurons. These results suggest that M1 mAChR is preferentially expressed in principal neurons, but not in interneurons, in the telencephalon.