- Email: [email protected]
The role of self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of a home-based physical activity program in older adults with memory complaints
e188
Abstracts / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (2010) e1–e232
significant intervention effect on change in PA frequency over the first 6-weeks of the intervention. Intervention participant’s SMS responses to weekly “goal check” SMS decreased over time (78% at 1-week, 52% at 6-weeks, 36% at 12-weeks). At 13-weeks, half (51%) of the intervention participants rated MobileMums as “useful/ extremely useful” at helping increase their weekly PA. Conclusion: MobileMums was effective at increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA frequency among postnatal women, which was mediated in the short term by improvements in self-efficacy and goal setting skills. Further testing of MobileMums is warranted with a larger sample and longer follow-up. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.393 INVITED 393
VO2 max [1.1 and 2.7 mL/kg/min], waist girth [0.9 and 1.2 cm] and skinfold sum [2.4 and 3.2 mm] while BMI [0.2 kg/m2 ], weight [0.6 kg] and hip girth [0.7 cm] showed significant improvements for the group subjects only. The pedometer subjects showed deterioration in total cholesterol [+0.12 mmol/L] at 12-months. No changes were found for total sedentary time and fasting blood glucose levels in either group. The only group-by-time differences at 12-months were higher levels of vigorous activity and lower total cholesterol for group subjects. Conclusions: The implications for the broader application of these PA interventions are that: [1] behavioural change can persist for 12-months in many previously InSA even after short periods of PA promotion, [2] self-reported increases in PA mirror improvements in key cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, [3] group PA programs with individual support result in greater improvements than self-led pedometer interventions, and [4] to counteract the decline in PA in both intervention arms over time, ‘booster’ interventions are recommended.
Intensive short-term physical activity interventions show sustained health benefits at 12-months
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.394
L. Norton 1,2,∗ , K. Norton 2 , N. Lewis 2 , J. Dollman 2
INVITED
1 Flinders
University of South Australia
2 University
Introduction: Relatively few physical activity [PA] interventions follow subjects over long periods and there is limited corresponding evidence linking PA and health risk changes. Methodology: Insufficiently active adults [InSA] were randomly assigned to either a daily pedometer-based [n = 251] or group-based PA intervention arm [n = 155] for 40-days. Both arms and an active control group [n = 135] were followed post-intervention for 12-months with minimal contact. Results: PA increased [mean ± SD] during the intervention from 65 ± 43 to 365 ± 308 min/wk and from 65 ± 42 to 612 ± 333 min/wk in the pedometer and group intervention arms, respectively. Significant cardiovascular and metabolic risk factor improvements were found [p < 0.05] in both intervention arms post-intervention. Mean changes for pedometer and group subjects, respectively were VO2 max [1.9 and 3.8 mL/kg/min], total cholesterol [0.1 and 0.3 mmol/L], BMI [0.4 and 0.8 kg/m2 ], weight [0.5 and 2.1 kg], waist [0.7 and 2.6 cm] and hip [0.9 and 2.2 cm] girths, and skinfold sum [2.8 and 5.5 mm]. Adherence at 12-months was higher in the group versus pedometer subjects [66% versus 59%]. Random effects mixed modelling was used to determine changes over the 12-month follow-up. PA was significantly greater at 12-months versus baseline for the pedometer [248 ± 211 min/wk] and group subjects [272 ± 224 min/wk]. Greater vigorous PA was found for the group [110 min/wk] versus pedometer subjects [75 min/wk]. Variables that improved from baseline [p < 0.05-adjusted for control changes] in pedometer and group subjects respectively at 12-months were SBP/DBP [4/3 and 6/2 mmHg],
394 The role of self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of a home-based physical activity program in older adults with memory complaints K. Cox 1,∗ , N. Lautenschlager 2 , L. Flicker 1 , K. Greenop 1 , J. Hendriks 1 , O. Almeida 1 1 University 2 University
of Western Australia of Melbourne
Background: Physical activity may potentially delay or slow down cognitive decline in older adults. The challenge is to develop strategies to encourage adoption and long-term maintenance of physical activity. Aim: To assess the effect of a 6-month individualised home-based physical activity and behavioural intervention program to improve self-efficacy and increase physical activity of volunteers who complain of memory problems. Methods: Participants who complain of memory problems but free from dementia were recruited from memory clinics and the general community and randomly assigned to a control or a physical activity (PA) group. During the initial 6-months the PA group were given an individualised homebased exercise program aimed at achieving 150 min/week of moderate exercise and a behavioural intervention based on the Stages of Change Model designed to improve selfefficacy. Participants in the PA group were asked to continue with their PA program for a further 12 months. The control group continued with their usual physical activity throughout the study. All were followed up at 6, 12 and 18 months. Exer-
Abstracts / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (2010) e1–e232
cise self-efficacy was measured at baseline and follow-ups. Participants wore a pedometer for 7 days at baseline and each time point to assess physical activity. Results: One hundred and seventy participants mean age 68.5 (±SD 8.6) years started the study. At each time point there was no significant difference between groups in the number of participants who were retained in the study. Adherence to the prescribed physical activity program in the initial 6-months was 78 (72.5, 83.7)%. After 6 and 12 months the PA group had significantly higher pedometer scores than the control group (P < 0.01). Self-efficacy was significantly higher in the PA versus the control group by 2.11 (0.70, 3.52) (P < 0.01) after 6 but not 12 and 18 months. Participants in the PA group (P < 0.01) and those who had higher baseline pedometer (P < 0.001) and self-efficacy scores (P < 0.01) had higher pedometer scores at 6 months. At 12 months being in the PA group (P < 0.01) and higher baseline pedometer scores (P < 0.001) predicted physical activity. However, at 18 months only baseline pedometer scores predicted physical activity (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This individualised home-based physical activity and behavioural intervention program based on the Stages of Change model increased self-efficacy in the short term and physical activity in the short and longer term. Longterm Improvements in physical activity behaviour require a continuing minimal intervention program designed to focus on enhancing self-efficacy.
e189
their activity level into sedentary and active groups. Assessment included personal demographics, HRT use, prescribed medications, activity level, postural stability, balance, mobility and lower limb muscle strength measures. Results: There was no significance difference between the groups for age, height, use of HRT, number of prescribed medications or menopausal status (p > 0.05). The mean body weight of the active group was significantly lower (average 6.1 kg lighter) than the sedentary group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups for, postural stability, clinical balance, mobility and lower limb strength measures (p > 0.05). These results suggest that large gym classes and cardiovascular activities such as cycling, running and walking have minimum effect on lower limb strength, static balance or functional balance ability. More targeted training appears to be indicated to improve balance and specific leg muscle strength to achieve a desired impact on these risk factors for falls. Conclusion: Active women aged 40–60 years who participate in moderate to high level physical activity such as vigorous walking and keep-fit exercise for 150 min or more each week did not have superior balance ability or lower limb strength compared to more sedentary women. Thus other exercise models for improving balance and fall prevention intervention should be considered for improving balance ability and strength in women across the 40–60 age period to facilitate healthier ageing and a reduction in the falls rate later in life.
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.395 INVITED
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.396 INVITED
395 396 Are vigorous walking and keep-fit activities sufficient to improve strength, balance and mobility for middle-aged women?
A comparison of muscular activation patterns during running and landing
S. Fu 1,2,∗ , N. Low Choy 3 , J. Nitz 1
T. Savage ∗ , C. Fantini Pagani, W. Potthast, G. Briiggemann
1 The
2 DAART,
Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sports University
Introduction: An early and significant decline in postural stability and functional balance and mobility has been demonstrated in women across the 40–60 age period and in subsequent decades that can be linked to age-related changes in the multiple systems involved. Falling occurs relatively frequently in middle-aged women with a recent longitudinal study reporting one in five participants had experienced a fall within a five year observation period. This study investigated balance ability and lower limb strength in women aged 40–60 years who self-report moderate to high physical activity level compared to those who report more sedentary lifestyles. Methodology: Sixty healthy women were admitted to the comparative study. Subjects were allocated on the basis of
Introduction: The maintenance of joint stability is an essential aspect for optimal performance of sports skills. Coactivation of the hamstrings and quadriceps has been identified as the most effective stabilising pattern of the knee. Further, the contribution of the hamstrings may be an important factor in reducing joint loading. The risk of knee injury is increased in landing compared to running and may be associated with a different muscular response to the loading pattern. The aim of this study was to compare coactivation patterns of the knee flexors and extensors during two common athletic activities. Methods: Eight healthy subjects (5 male/3 female) were required to run at 2.5 and 3.0 m/s. Additionally, subjects underwent expected landings from a height of 73 cm. For the
University of Queensland Mater Hospital 3 Bond University
Abstracts / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (2010) e1–e232
significant intervention effect on change in PA frequency over the first 6-weeks of the intervention. Intervention participant’s SMS responses to weekly “goal check” SMS decreased over time (78% at 1-week, 52% at 6-weeks, 36% at 12-weeks). At 13-weeks, half (51%) of the intervention participants rated MobileMums as “useful/ extremely useful” at helping increase their weekly PA. Conclusion: MobileMums was effective at increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA frequency among postnatal women, which was mediated in the short term by improvements in self-efficacy and goal setting skills. Further testing of MobileMums is warranted with a larger sample and longer follow-up. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.393 INVITED 393
VO2 max [1.1 and 2.7 mL/kg/min], waist girth [0.9 and 1.2 cm] and skinfold sum [2.4 and 3.2 mm] while BMI [0.2 kg/m2 ], weight [0.6 kg] and hip girth [0.7 cm] showed significant improvements for the group subjects only. The pedometer subjects showed deterioration in total cholesterol [+0.12 mmol/L] at 12-months. No changes were found for total sedentary time and fasting blood glucose levels in either group. The only group-by-time differences at 12-months were higher levels of vigorous activity and lower total cholesterol for group subjects. Conclusions: The implications for the broader application of these PA interventions are that: [1] behavioural change can persist for 12-months in many previously InSA even after short periods of PA promotion, [2] self-reported increases in PA mirror improvements in key cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, [3] group PA programs with individual support result in greater improvements than self-led pedometer interventions, and [4] to counteract the decline in PA in both intervention arms over time, ‘booster’ interventions are recommended.
Intensive short-term physical activity interventions show sustained health benefits at 12-months
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.394
L. Norton 1,2,∗ , K. Norton 2 , N. Lewis 2 , J. Dollman 2
INVITED
1 Flinders
University of South Australia
2 University
Introduction: Relatively few physical activity [PA] interventions follow subjects over long periods and there is limited corresponding evidence linking PA and health risk changes. Methodology: Insufficiently active adults [InSA] were randomly assigned to either a daily pedometer-based [n = 251] or group-based PA intervention arm [n = 155] for 40-days. Both arms and an active control group [n = 135] were followed post-intervention for 12-months with minimal contact. Results: PA increased [mean ± SD] during the intervention from 65 ± 43 to 365 ± 308 min/wk and from 65 ± 42 to 612 ± 333 min/wk in the pedometer and group intervention arms, respectively. Significant cardiovascular and metabolic risk factor improvements were found [p < 0.05] in both intervention arms post-intervention. Mean changes for pedometer and group subjects, respectively were VO2 max [1.9 and 3.8 mL/kg/min], total cholesterol [0.1 and 0.3 mmol/L], BMI [0.4 and 0.8 kg/m2 ], weight [0.5 and 2.1 kg], waist [0.7 and 2.6 cm] and hip [0.9 and 2.2 cm] girths, and skinfold sum [2.8 and 5.5 mm]. Adherence at 12-months was higher in the group versus pedometer subjects [66% versus 59%]. Random effects mixed modelling was used to determine changes over the 12-month follow-up. PA was significantly greater at 12-months versus baseline for the pedometer [248 ± 211 min/wk] and group subjects [272 ± 224 min/wk]. Greater vigorous PA was found for the group [110 min/wk] versus pedometer subjects [75 min/wk]. Variables that improved from baseline [p < 0.05-adjusted for control changes] in pedometer and group subjects respectively at 12-months were SBP/DBP [4/3 and 6/2 mmHg],
394 The role of self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of a home-based physical activity program in older adults with memory complaints K. Cox 1,∗ , N. Lautenschlager 2 , L. Flicker 1 , K. Greenop 1 , J. Hendriks 1 , O. Almeida 1 1 University 2 University
of Western Australia of Melbourne
Background: Physical activity may potentially delay or slow down cognitive decline in older adults. The challenge is to develop strategies to encourage adoption and long-term maintenance of physical activity. Aim: To assess the effect of a 6-month individualised home-based physical activity and behavioural intervention program to improve self-efficacy and increase physical activity of volunteers who complain of memory problems. Methods: Participants who complain of memory problems but free from dementia were recruited from memory clinics and the general community and randomly assigned to a control or a physical activity (PA) group. During the initial 6-months the PA group were given an individualised homebased exercise program aimed at achieving 150 min/week of moderate exercise and a behavioural intervention based on the Stages of Change Model designed to improve selfefficacy. Participants in the PA group were asked to continue with their PA program for a further 12 months. The control group continued with their usual physical activity throughout the study. All were followed up at 6, 12 and 18 months. Exer-
Abstracts / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (2010) e1–e232
cise self-efficacy was measured at baseline and follow-ups. Participants wore a pedometer for 7 days at baseline and each time point to assess physical activity. Results: One hundred and seventy participants mean age 68.5 (±SD 8.6) years started the study. At each time point there was no significant difference between groups in the number of participants who were retained in the study. Adherence to the prescribed physical activity program in the initial 6-months was 78 (72.5, 83.7)%. After 6 and 12 months the PA group had significantly higher pedometer scores than the control group (P < 0.01). Self-efficacy was significantly higher in the PA versus the control group by 2.11 (0.70, 3.52) (P < 0.01) after 6 but not 12 and 18 months. Participants in the PA group (P < 0.01) and those who had higher baseline pedometer (P < 0.001) and self-efficacy scores (P < 0.01) had higher pedometer scores at 6 months. At 12 months being in the PA group (P < 0.01) and higher baseline pedometer scores (P < 0.001) predicted physical activity. However, at 18 months only baseline pedometer scores predicted physical activity (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This individualised home-based physical activity and behavioural intervention program based on the Stages of Change model increased self-efficacy in the short term and physical activity in the short and longer term. Longterm Improvements in physical activity behaviour require a continuing minimal intervention program designed to focus on enhancing self-efficacy.
e189
their activity level into sedentary and active groups. Assessment included personal demographics, HRT use, prescribed medications, activity level, postural stability, balance, mobility and lower limb muscle strength measures. Results: There was no significance difference between the groups for age, height, use of HRT, number of prescribed medications or menopausal status (p > 0.05). The mean body weight of the active group was significantly lower (average 6.1 kg lighter) than the sedentary group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups for, postural stability, clinical balance, mobility and lower limb strength measures (p > 0.05). These results suggest that large gym classes and cardiovascular activities such as cycling, running and walking have minimum effect on lower limb strength, static balance or functional balance ability. More targeted training appears to be indicated to improve balance and specific leg muscle strength to achieve a desired impact on these risk factors for falls. Conclusion: Active women aged 40–60 years who participate in moderate to high level physical activity such as vigorous walking and keep-fit exercise for 150 min or more each week did not have superior balance ability or lower limb strength compared to more sedentary women. Thus other exercise models for improving balance and fall prevention intervention should be considered for improving balance ability and strength in women across the 40–60 age period to facilitate healthier ageing and a reduction in the falls rate later in life.
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.395 INVITED
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.396 INVITED
395 396 Are vigorous walking and keep-fit activities sufficient to improve strength, balance and mobility for middle-aged women?
A comparison of muscular activation patterns during running and landing
S. Fu 1,2,∗ , N. Low Choy 3 , J. Nitz 1
T. Savage ∗ , C. Fantini Pagani, W. Potthast, G. Briiggemann
1 The
2 DAART,
Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sports University
Introduction: An early and significant decline in postural stability and functional balance and mobility has been demonstrated in women across the 40–60 age period and in subsequent decades that can be linked to age-related changes in the multiple systems involved. Falling occurs relatively frequently in middle-aged women with a recent longitudinal study reporting one in five participants had experienced a fall within a five year observation period. This study investigated balance ability and lower limb strength in women aged 40–60 years who self-report moderate to high physical activity level compared to those who report more sedentary lifestyles. Methodology: Sixty healthy women were admitted to the comparative study. Subjects were allocated on the basis of
Introduction: The maintenance of joint stability is an essential aspect for optimal performance of sports skills. Coactivation of the hamstrings and quadriceps has been identified as the most effective stabilising pattern of the knee. Further, the contribution of the hamstrings may be an important factor in reducing joint loading. The risk of knee injury is increased in landing compared to running and may be associated with a different muscular response to the loading pattern. The aim of this study was to compare coactivation patterns of the knee flexors and extensors during two common athletic activities. Methods: Eight healthy subjects (5 male/3 female) were required to run at 2.5 and 3.0 m/s. Additionally, subjects underwent expected landings from a height of 73 cm. For the
University of Queensland Mater Hospital 3 Bond University