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The selection of dental students: A pilot study of an assessment of manual ability by practical tests
dental arch width, the correlation coefficients (r = -t0.60!) to +0.621) being highly significant. The uppt’r anterior dental arch width is also correlated with this measure of facial width as with the total of the tooth diameters of the ten masillary anterior teeth (10 = 1+0.517). No significant cxorrclation was found betwccr; lower anterior clcntal arch width ant1 ramus width. Optimal dental arch tlimc~nsions with reference to facial width ant1 tooth size arc tabulated for c*hilclrcn of age 12 and older. E‘urt,hcr investigation may be based on this table.
Xerocephalography William
R. Schriver,
Edward
F. Swintak,
Oral Rur,q. 40: 70.5-708, Ihembcr,
and
Joseph
D. Darlak
1975
Xeroradiography was invented by a physicist and patent attorney, Chester I?. Carlson, in 1937. Medical application was initiated at Albany Medical College in 1952. Superior results have been obtained by combining seroradiography and cdephalometric analysis, which is termed xcrocephalography. The xeroradiographie plate replaces the standard s-ray film and has a thin vitreous selenium layer deposited on an aluminum l)asc. Standard cephalometric technique is cmploycd with all cxposurc of 100 Ma.S., 100 KVP, at a focal-film distance ot’ 72 inches. Analysis is made directly on the seroradiograph processed film. The Xcros 1% system consists of two units, the conditioner and processor, and reusable plates. The equipment is used under normal lightsing conditions ; processing is accomplished automatically, and the process is completely dry. Xeroradiog-raph paper is ?I’$$by 135/ inches, which is an ideal size for eephalograms. Negative or positive images can be obtained by switching the processor to cithcr mode. Xerocephalography represents an improved mcthocl for tephalometric analysis, particularly with the ncgatiy-c mode. Either tracing is possible by direct measurement on the print. In clinical applications of xeroccphalography, the negative mode provides the best, image, particularly as related t,o soft-tissue analysis. Radiation exposure tluc to xcrocephalography with a high-kilovolt technique is no greater than that involved when standard films arc used.
The
Selection
Manual L. W.
of
Ability Deubert,
Hr. Dent.
b.
Dental by
M.
Students:
Practical
C. Smith,
A Pilot
Study
of an
Assessment
of
Tests S. Downs,
C. G. B. Jenkins,
and
D. C. Berry
139: 357, 1975
The assessment of potential manual ability should be an important requirement in the selection of ca.ndidates for admission to dental schools. An account is given of an investigation of the uscfulncss of a practical test to tletermine the possibility of predicting the ability of candidates to acquire skills appropriate to the practictl of dentistry. This testing technique would give candidates an insight into the tppc of task with lvhich thcly will be confronted during furt,her training. Tn dentistry, this may well bc very important since fftw prospectivr students appear to apprcciatc the complcsity of the practical training that lies ahead of
Volume Number
71 6
Reviews and abstracts
them. In addition, it draws attention a person is likely to experience. Changes
in the Skull-Past,
Present,
to the kind of learning
and Future-Because
difficulties
697 which
of Evolution
David Marshall J. Am.
Dent.
Assoc.
95:
938-946,
November,
1975
The head in general is becoming slightly broader and larger, the skull and facial bones thinner, and the physiognomy more lively and expressive. Hair, especially in men, is being lost prematurely. The cranium as a whole is becoming shorter, broader, and higher. The forehead is becoming erect and vaulted. The frontal bone participates fully in the direct formation of the anterior wall of the brain case. The occipital bone is becoming more globular; its greatest breadth is shifting from the base upward to the parietal bones, with the development of typical parietal tubera. The walls of the cranium are becoming thinner as a result of the greater expansion of the brain, and this causes the sutures to close at a later period in life. The face, particularly the upper jaw, is becoming reduced in height and length, whereas the long axis of the cranium seems to be moving backward to underlie the frontal portion of the cranium. The palate and dental arch are becoming shorter and wider. Originally, the palate and arches were long and narrow in formation, with premolar-molar rows running almost parallel. In modern man, they form a shallow parabolic figure, with premolar-molar rows diverging. In the changes that have occurred from the past to the present, reduction in the massiveness of the face, with reduced breadth and length of the jaws, leads to fewer teeth. The dentition also shares in the general reduction of the jaws in that crowns and roots are smaller and lose to some degree such characteristic structures as the cingulum, cusps, and crests. Caries
Prevention
Treatment
Saves
Patients’
Teeth After
Radiotherapy
The teeth of patients undergoing radiation therapy decay badly within a matter of months. This is due principally to loss of saliva, as the radiation causes atrophy of the salivary glands. This condition may be permanent, especially when the total dose of radiation exceeds 5,000 rads. Dr. Erling ?Johanson, University of Rochester Medical Center, notes that saliva has three important functions : (1) enhancement of food debris clearance from the mouth; (2) neutralization of acids deposit,ed by food by means of its three buffering systems-phosphates, bicarbonate, and proteins ; and (3) restoration of lost minerals, The preventive program is as follows : 1. Oral hygiene. Brushing the teeth and rinsing the mouth after each meal and the use of dental floss once a day. 2. Topical fluoride self-treatment. Patients use specially constructed trays that fit over the teeth and contain a viscous fluoride preparation. Most patients are given an acidulated fluorophosphate preparation ; those with mucositis use a neutral preparation. The treatment is carried out at home twice a day for 2 weeks and then once a day for 2 weeks. Fluoride toothpastes are also used.
Xerocephalography William
R. Schriver,
Edward
F. Swintak,
Oral Rur,q. 40: 70.5-708, Ihembcr,
and
Joseph
D. Darlak
1975
Xeroradiography was invented by a physicist and patent attorney, Chester I?. Carlson, in 1937. Medical application was initiated at Albany Medical College in 1952. Superior results have been obtained by combining seroradiography and cdephalometric analysis, which is termed xcrocephalography. The xeroradiographie plate replaces the standard s-ray film and has a thin vitreous selenium layer deposited on an aluminum l)asc. Standard cephalometric technique is cmploycd with all cxposurc of 100 Ma.S., 100 KVP, at a focal-film distance ot’ 72 inches. Analysis is made directly on the seroradiograph processed film. The Xcros 1% system consists of two units, the conditioner and processor, and reusable plates. The equipment is used under normal lightsing conditions ; processing is accomplished automatically, and the process is completely dry. Xeroradiog-raph paper is ?I’$$by 135/ inches, which is an ideal size for eephalograms. Negative or positive images can be obtained by switching the processor to cithcr mode. Xerocephalography represents an improved mcthocl for tephalometric analysis, particularly with the ncgatiy-c mode. Either tracing is possible by direct measurement on the print. In clinical applications of xeroccphalography, the negative mode provides the best, image, particularly as related t,o soft-tissue analysis. Radiation exposure tluc to xcrocephalography with a high-kilovolt technique is no greater than that involved when standard films arc used.
The
Selection
Manual L. W.
of
Ability Deubert,
Hr. Dent.
b.
Dental by
M.
Students:
Practical
C. Smith,
A Pilot
Study
of an
Assessment
of
Tests S. Downs,
C. G. B. Jenkins,
and
D. C. Berry
139: 357, 1975
The assessment of potential manual ability should be an important requirement in the selection of ca.ndidates for admission to dental schools. An account is given of an investigation of the uscfulncss of a practical test to tletermine the possibility of predicting the ability of candidates to acquire skills appropriate to the practictl of dentistry. This testing technique would give candidates an insight into the tppc of task with lvhich thcly will be confronted during furt,her training. Tn dentistry, this may well bc very important since fftw prospectivr students appear to apprcciatc the complcsity of the practical training that lies ahead of
Volume Number
71 6
Reviews and abstracts
them. In addition, it draws attention a person is likely to experience. Changes
in the Skull-Past,
Present,
to the kind of learning
and Future-Because
difficulties
697 which
of Evolution
David Marshall J. Am.
Dent.
Assoc.
95:
938-946,
November,
1975
The head in general is becoming slightly broader and larger, the skull and facial bones thinner, and the physiognomy more lively and expressive. Hair, especially in men, is being lost prematurely. The cranium as a whole is becoming shorter, broader, and higher. The forehead is becoming erect and vaulted. The frontal bone participates fully in the direct formation of the anterior wall of the brain case. The occipital bone is becoming more globular; its greatest breadth is shifting from the base upward to the parietal bones, with the development of typical parietal tubera. The walls of the cranium are becoming thinner as a result of the greater expansion of the brain, and this causes the sutures to close at a later period in life. The face, particularly the upper jaw, is becoming reduced in height and length, whereas the long axis of the cranium seems to be moving backward to underlie the frontal portion of the cranium. The palate and dental arch are becoming shorter and wider. Originally, the palate and arches were long and narrow in formation, with premolar-molar rows running almost parallel. In modern man, they form a shallow parabolic figure, with premolar-molar rows diverging. In the changes that have occurred from the past to the present, reduction in the massiveness of the face, with reduced breadth and length of the jaws, leads to fewer teeth. The dentition also shares in the general reduction of the jaws in that crowns and roots are smaller and lose to some degree such characteristic structures as the cingulum, cusps, and crests. Caries
Prevention
Treatment
Saves
Patients’
Teeth After
Radiotherapy
The teeth of patients undergoing radiation therapy decay badly within a matter of months. This is due principally to loss of saliva, as the radiation causes atrophy of the salivary glands. This condition may be permanent, especially when the total dose of radiation exceeds 5,000 rads. Dr. Erling ?Johanson, University of Rochester Medical Center, notes that saliva has three important functions : (1) enhancement of food debris clearance from the mouth; (2) neutralization of acids deposit,ed by food by means of its three buffering systems-phosphates, bicarbonate, and proteins ; and (3) restoration of lost minerals, The preventive program is as follows : 1. Oral hygiene. Brushing the teeth and rinsing the mouth after each meal and the use of dental floss once a day. 2. Topical fluoride self-treatment. Patients use specially constructed trays that fit over the teeth and contain a viscous fluoride preparation. Most patients are given an acidulated fluorophosphate preparation ; those with mucositis use a neutral preparation. The treatment is carried out at home twice a day for 2 weeks and then once a day for 2 weeks. Fluoride toothpastes are also used.