- Email: [email protected]
The sinking of the Amsterdam metro
6A
Geological factors of importance in underground excavations See a l s o abstract: h2. ~9. HUCKA,V DAS,B Better seam m i ~ by evaluating ~oints, cleats, and petrological Irofile.aF,IT,gR. M~R, ~,V~8,N3, MAR.1975, F35 -~0.
Construction methods 50. HALPERIN, D ~ e s£mki~ of the Amsterdam Metro. 5F.
CIVIL ~ , A S C E ,
V~5,~9, SEPT.197~, P92-95.
Most of the bu~/Aings in Ams~ar~mn rest on old, untreated woodem piles %hat would deteriorate if the high water level were lowered for most conventicmal subwe~ ecmatructicn methods. There~ore~ the tunnel s e ~ t s for Amsterdam's new Metro are constructed ca the surface and then allowed to settle into their submerged final position with the aid of hy~r~,11c ~ a v ~ t i ~ n by water ~ets and slurry pum~s. 51. NEALE, P Tunnelling plant. - Latest develol~nents in soft ground and hard rock circle equipment are reviewed.
csrrled out with impacts ~ d explosions have been compared with the results obtained for the aJecta in huge explosions, Auth.
55.
BALABANOV, AV M~OV,AP U~er~ro~mi d e t o n a t i o n of model e~losives in a plastic medium under b y , static cce~easion. 2F,3R. IZVESTIYA,P ~ . SOLID E ~ , ~ , I~,P19~-199. A p u l s e d X-ra~ method was used to obtain the R-t curves of t h e initial phase of t h e d e v ~ t o f an u n d e r ~ r ~ m d cavity whe~ d a ~ a s~ericel explosive charge in water and in moist cla~ at a hydrostatic pressure of i00 arm. This l~Ocees was folowed untll the cavity r a d i u s reached 3.8 t i m e s %he charge radius. The i n t e n s i f i c a t i o n of the effect of attraction of ~a~ bubbles to a ri$id during an SXl~OSi~n in a plastic medium s u b ~ e c ~ to ~ ' ~ ' o static pressure, was confirmed.
Surface structures Dams and embankments See abstracts: 65,85.
Foundations See also abstracts: 18,23,6~.
CIV. ~GNG, OCT .1975~P~5-~7 •
Groundwater problems See abstract: 7h.
Influence of dynamic loads due to explosions or earthquakes 52 Y~:I~In~CHEN~, UN
RODIO~OV,VN (~ the em~_-sion of seis"r~c waves from im3werTul undea-~;round e~loaic~e in stable r ~ k s . ~ 2 1 R . IZ~A,PHYS.~ID ~A~,NID, 197~,P6~7-652 • A~roximmte theoretlcul evaluat~m- of the l ~ r a ~ s t e r s of seismic winces r a d i a t i n g from under~round e ~ s i c n s are given. The results are c c ~ e d with the published experimental values concerning nuclear explosions. Auth.
56. POULOS, HG UNIV . ~ , A U S Torsional rea~xmse of piles. IIF,~T, IOR. J.G~GT~.~ DIV ~CE,VIOI,~K~I0, OCT .1975,PIOI9- I035. An analysis is deacr~ad fc~ the de~erm~tlcm o f the res~e of a 8 1 ~ e cy1:~ieal pile a~ected I~ ~ r s i ~ . The accuracy of the ~ i s Is checked a~Ims% e x i ~ soluticmm and fcamd ~ be Ntla£actca-y. Parametric solutions for 1~e ~ r q u e - r o t a t l ~ r e l e ~ i ~ I p for ~he pile head are ;resemted, f ~ both a unlf~rm ~ i l and a soil in which shear m ~ l u s and pile-soil adheslom increase linearl~ with del~. ~ e results of a series of m ~ tests on piles in c l ~ ere descried in which the axial and torslo~Ll rea~es c~ the ~iles are Investigated. The t e s t s i n d i c a t e tha~ both t h e ~ r k i n g ~ and u l t i ~ t e behaviour of a pile ~ a c ~ e d ~ ~ s ~ a ~ be f e e b l y predicted from the results of axial ~ tests or vice versa. ~ .
57. 53. ZELMANOV, IL EDIDGRIVOV,UN ERASAVIN,AA S t ~ l y of the seismic effect of an explosion produced in a t r a ~ p a r e n t m~IeI.IIF~T, IIR. _ IZVESTI~A,PBYS.SOLID ~ . ~ I 0 , 1 9 7 ~ , P6~-66~. The r e m u l t s of ex::I~c~mm~tal idmdLles of the e~loslon-wave paremste~s in K-8 ~nd T~-~ g ~ e a a ~ crys+~l~c ~ r a t e of potassium alum ~ ~esonted. ~ e e ~ I o n - w m v e ~era. meters e r e s t e a d b y t h e i u ~ e T e ~ e ~ e techniqum, which Is sensitive to p e r t ~ e ~ of the ~emalty of ~he medium. The res~tlta c~ the ~ are ccm~mred with nuclear end chemical e ~ a l c m data in r i g i d r o c k s .
FELD,J Fail~'es in f~***~a%~s. Sec~,~ edltlon.b,MF. SOILTEST XNC .~VAUS~, t~A. 1975,~ . This ~ de~r~,es ~ ~ i ~ e i and e~c~e=c~aary foundatic~ b r e e d , r ~ -from ~ d ~ m w a l l corn e r s end c o l t ~ f C ~ t ~ e %0 a ht~e C ~ e n ~ r ~ n elevator t h ~ tilted 3k fee~ ~ c~ level a ~ ~ e r it was filled with ~a~n.
58. GRISHIN, PA NIKITIN, IA F~cmen c ~ e ~ Russlan.~.
shales as bases for structures. In
ID~TIAL ~ D ~ O S ~SSTI~,VN 8~s~face ~ e s @emermted by i ~ t and explosive se,rces. ~F,21R. X Z ~ S ~ A , P ~ M S . SOLXD ~ , W ~ ~I97K,PI59-165. 8ome ch~racterla~Ic ~ e ~ l e s of ~he l~x~e~atAc~ of mar. face waves generated b y i ~ c t emd e x ~ a i v e sources. A Is de__~r~ad for the ~ N e r i ~ i ~ m of the c ~ e s in the wave am~llt~de and period with dlstemce, which is based on the solution of T ~ ' S ~ l e m with respect to elastic medium. The results obtained in model experiments
~
P
~ge EDROL,VA Requlxemm~e for ~ r ~ 1 ~
~
L~m~RAD,1973,~9-36.
equlpmant for pile work.
ST~0A'r~L.~ICm.VOSTOC~.S~IR.~IW~. S E V ~ , V25, 1973, FI19-131.
Geological factors of importance in underground excavations See a l s o abstract: h2. ~9. HUCKA,V DAS,B Better seam m i ~ by evaluating ~oints, cleats, and petrological Irofile.aF,IT,gR. M~R, ~,V~8,N3, MAR.1975, F35 -~0.
Construction methods 50. HALPERIN, D ~ e s£mki~ of the Amsterdam Metro. 5F.
CIVIL ~ , A S C E ,
V~5,~9, SEPT.197~, P92-95.
Most of the bu~/Aings in Ams~ar~mn rest on old, untreated woodem piles %hat would deteriorate if the high water level were lowered for most conventicmal subwe~ ecmatructicn methods. There~ore~ the tunnel s e ~ t s for Amsterdam's new Metro are constructed ca the surface and then allowed to settle into their submerged final position with the aid of hy~r~,11c ~ a v ~ t i ~ n by water ~ets and slurry pum~s. 51. NEALE, P Tunnelling plant. - Latest develol~nents in soft ground and hard rock circle equipment are reviewed.
csrrled out with impacts ~ d explosions have been compared with the results obtained for the aJecta in huge explosions, Auth.
55.
BALABANOV, AV M~OV,AP U~er~ro~mi d e t o n a t i o n of model e~losives in a plastic medium under b y , static cce~easion. 2F,3R. IZVESTIYA,P ~ . SOLID E ~ , ~ , I~,P19~-199. A p u l s e d X-ra~ method was used to obtain the R-t curves of t h e initial phase of t h e d e v ~ t o f an u n d e r ~ r ~ m d cavity whe~ d a ~ a s~ericel explosive charge in water and in moist cla~ at a hydrostatic pressure of i00 arm. This l~Ocees was folowed untll the cavity r a d i u s reached 3.8 t i m e s %he charge radius. The i n t e n s i f i c a t i o n of the effect of attraction of ~a~ bubbles to a ri$id during an SXl~OSi~n in a plastic medium s u b ~ e c ~ to ~ ' ~ ' o static pressure, was confirmed.
Surface structures Dams and embankments See abstracts: 65,85.
Foundations See also abstracts: 18,23,6~.
CIV. ~GNG, OCT .1975~P~5-~7 •
Groundwater problems See abstract: 7h.
Influence of dynamic loads due to explosions or earthquakes 52 Y~:I~In~CHEN~, UN
RODIO~OV,VN (~ the em~_-sion of seis"r~c waves from im3werTul undea-~;round e~loaic~e in stable r ~ k s . ~ 2 1 R . IZ~A,PHYS.~ID ~A~,NID, 197~,P6~7-652 • A~roximmte theoretlcul evaluat~m- of the l ~ r a ~ s t e r s of seismic winces r a d i a t i n g from under~round e ~ s i c n s are given. The results are c c ~ e d with the published experimental values concerning nuclear explosions. Auth.
56. POULOS, HG UNIV . ~ , A U S Torsional rea~xmse of piles. IIF,~T, IOR. J.G~GT~.~ DIV ~CE,VIOI,~K~I0, OCT .1975,PIOI9- I035. An analysis is deacr~ad fc~ the de~erm~tlcm o f the res~e of a 8 1 ~ e cy1:~ieal pile a~ected I~ ~ r s i ~ . The accuracy of the ~ i s Is checked a~Ims% e x i ~ soluticmm and fcamd ~ be Ntla£actca-y. Parametric solutions for 1~e ~ r q u e - r o t a t l ~ r e l e ~ i ~ I p for ~he pile head are ;resemted, f ~ both a unlf~rm ~ i l and a soil in which shear m ~ l u s and pile-soil adheslom increase linearl~ with del~. ~ e results of a series of m ~ tests on piles in c l ~ ere descried in which the axial and torslo~Ll rea~es c~ the ~iles are Investigated. The t e s t s i n d i c a t e tha~ both t h e ~ r k i n g ~ and u l t i ~ t e behaviour of a pile ~ a c ~ e d ~ ~ s ~ a ~ be f e e b l y predicted from the results of axial ~ tests or vice versa. ~ .
57. 53. ZELMANOV, IL EDIDGRIVOV,UN ERASAVIN,AA S t ~ l y of the seismic effect of an explosion produced in a t r a ~ p a r e n t m~IeI.IIF~T, IIR. _ IZVESTI~A,PBYS.SOLID ~ . ~ I 0 , 1 9 7 ~ , P6~-66~. The r e m u l t s of ex::I~c~mm~tal idmdLles of the e~loslon-wave paremste~s in K-8 ~nd T~-~ g ~ e a a ~ crys+~l~c ~ r a t e of potassium alum ~ ~esonted. ~ e e ~ I o n - w m v e ~era. meters e r e s t e a d b y t h e i u ~ e T e ~ e ~ e techniqum, which Is sensitive to p e r t ~ e ~ of the ~emalty of ~he medium. The res~tlta c~ the ~ are ccm~mred with nuclear end chemical e ~ a l c m data in r i g i d r o c k s .
FELD,J Fail~'es in f~***~a%~s. Sec~,~ edltlon.b,MF. SOILTEST XNC .~VAUS~, t~A. 1975,~ . This ~ de~r~,es ~ ~ i ~ e i and e~c~e=c~aary foundatic~ b r e e d , r ~ -from ~ d ~ m w a l l corn e r s end c o l t ~ f C ~ t ~ e %0 a ht~e C ~ e n ~ r ~ n elevator t h ~ tilted 3k fee~ ~ c~ level a ~ ~ e r it was filled with ~a~n.
58. GRISHIN, PA NIKITIN, IA F~cmen c ~ e ~ Russlan.~.
shales as bases for structures. In
ID~TIAL ~ D ~ O S ~SSTI~,VN 8~s~face ~ e s @emermted by i ~ t and explosive se,rces. ~F,21R. X Z ~ S ~ A , P ~ M S . SOLXD ~ , W ~ ~I97K,PI59-165. 8ome ch~racterla~Ic ~ e ~ l e s of ~he l~x~e~atAc~ of mar. face waves generated b y i ~ c t emd e x ~ a i v e sources. A Is de__~r~ad for the ~ N e r i ~ i ~ m of the c ~ e s in the wave am~llt~de and period with dlstemce, which is based on the solution of T ~ ' S ~ l e m with respect to elastic medium. The results obtained in model experiments
~
P
~ge EDROL,VA Requlxemm~e for ~ r ~ 1 ~
~
L~m~RAD,1973,~9-36.
equlpmant for pile work.
ST~0A'r~L.~ICm.VOSTOC~.S~IR.~IW~. S E V ~ , V25, 1973, FI19-131.