- Email: [email protected]
The surface tension of some deuterated hydrocarbons
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 82 (1994) 299-300 0927-7757/94/$07.00 0 1994 - Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
299
Brief Note
The surface tension of some deuterated hydrocarbons George L. Gaines, Jr.a**, Donald
G. Le Grandb
“Chemistry Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA bGeneral Electric Research and Development Center, Schenectady, NY 12301, USA (Received
4 August
1993; accepted
24 August
1993)
Abstract The surface tensions of the perdeuterated hydrocarbons n-hexane-d,,, heptane-d,,, octane-d,,, d,, and ethylbenzene-d,, have been measured at room temperature. In all cases, the measured slightly lower (0.5-0.8 mN mm1 less) than the surface tensions of the corresponding non-deuterated Key words: Perdeuterated
hydrocarbons;
benzene-d,, toluenesurface tensions are compounds.
Surface tension
Introduction The effect ofdeuteration on the surface tensions of organic liquids seems to have been generally ignored. The surface tension of heavy water, D,O, is about 1 mN m- 1 less than that of ordinary water [ 11. It is also known that deuterated polystyrene is surface active in blends with ordinary, hydrogenated polystyrene [2]. We have now measured the surface tensions of several perdeuterated
through a small column of chromatographic alumina to remove any surfactant impurities. (In no case did this procedure change the surface tension by more than 0.3 mN m-l.) Surface tension measurements were obtained by the ring method in air, using a manually operated tensiometer and a ring 6 cm in circumference. Usual corrections [ 33 were applied; for the corrections, liquid densities were taken from the literature [ 41. All measurements were made at room temper-
liquid hydrocarbons, and find that they
ature, 24 k 1 “C. The reproducibility ment was in all cases +O.l mN m-‘.
those
of
the
both aliphatic and aromatic, also are slightly lower than
corresponding
of measure-
non-deuterated
compounds. Results and discussion Materials and method Perdeuterated hydrocarbons n-hexane, heptane, octane, benzene, toluene and ethyl benzene were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co. n-Octane was stated to be 98 + at.% D, while all the others were 99 + % deuterated. Each sample was passed author. *Corresponding Laboratory, Rensselaer 12180-3590, USA. SSDI 0927-7757(93)02635-R
Present Polytechnic
address: 300 Walker Institute, Troy, NY
The measured surface tensions and the difference of these from literature values [S] for the corresponding non-deuterated compounds are given in Table 1. It is apparent that in all cases the perdeuterated compounds have surface tensions slightly lower (0.5-0.8 mN m-l less) than the corresponding ordinary liquids. This presumably reflects the small difference in polarizability of C-D vs. C-H bonds, which leads to the lower surface energy of
G.L. Gaines, Jr. and D.G. Le GrandJColloids Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 82 (1994)
300 Table 1 Surface tensions Compound
299-300
Acknowledgment of perdeuterated
hydrocarbons
Surface tension” (mN m-‘)
Difference from that of non-deuterated compound (mN_m-‘)
This research the Office of
has been supported in part by Naval Research. under grant
NOOO14-91-J-1690. References
Hexane-d,,
17.9
-0.5
Heptane-d,, Octane-d,, Benzene-d, Toluene-ds
19.5 21.1 28.4 28.0
-0.8 -0.7 -0.5 -0.5
1
Ethylbenzene-d,,
28.5
-0.7
2
“At 24°C. 3
the deuterated compounds [ 21. It is also consistent with the lower surface energies of heavy water and deuterated polystyrene already noted.
z
(a) A.H. Cockett and A. Ferguson, Philos. Mag., 28 (1939) 685. (b) J.R. Heiks, M.K. Barnett, L.V. Jones and E. Orban, J. Phys. Chem., 58 (1954) 488. X. Zhao, W. Zhao, J. Sokolov, M.H. Rafailovich, S.A. Schwarz, B.J. Wilkens, R.A.L. Jones and E.J. Kramer, Macromolecules, 24 (1991) 5991. C. Huh and S.G. Mason, Colloid Polym. Sci., 253 (1975) 566. Aldrich Chemical Co., Aldrich Stable Isotopes, 1992. O.R. Quayle, Chem. Rev., 53 (1953) 439.
299
Brief Note
The surface tension of some deuterated hydrocarbons George L. Gaines, Jr.a**, Donald
G. Le Grandb
“Chemistry Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA bGeneral Electric Research and Development Center, Schenectady, NY 12301, USA (Received
4 August
1993; accepted
24 August
1993)
Abstract The surface tensions of the perdeuterated hydrocarbons n-hexane-d,,, heptane-d,,, octane-d,,, d,, and ethylbenzene-d,, have been measured at room temperature. In all cases, the measured slightly lower (0.5-0.8 mN mm1 less) than the surface tensions of the corresponding non-deuterated Key words: Perdeuterated
hydrocarbons;
benzene-d,, toluenesurface tensions are compounds.
Surface tension
Introduction The effect ofdeuteration on the surface tensions of organic liquids seems to have been generally ignored. The surface tension of heavy water, D,O, is about 1 mN m- 1 less than that of ordinary water [ 11. It is also known that deuterated polystyrene is surface active in blends with ordinary, hydrogenated polystyrene [2]. We have now measured the surface tensions of several perdeuterated
through a small column of chromatographic alumina to remove any surfactant impurities. (In no case did this procedure change the surface tension by more than 0.3 mN m-l.) Surface tension measurements were obtained by the ring method in air, using a manually operated tensiometer and a ring 6 cm in circumference. Usual corrections [ 33 were applied; for the corrections, liquid densities were taken from the literature [ 41. All measurements were made at room temper-
liquid hydrocarbons, and find that they
ature, 24 k 1 “C. The reproducibility ment was in all cases +O.l mN m-‘.
those
of
the
both aliphatic and aromatic, also are slightly lower than
corresponding
of measure-
non-deuterated
compounds. Results and discussion Materials and method Perdeuterated hydrocarbons n-hexane, heptane, octane, benzene, toluene and ethyl benzene were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co. n-Octane was stated to be 98 + at.% D, while all the others were 99 + % deuterated. Each sample was passed author. *Corresponding Laboratory, Rensselaer 12180-3590, USA. SSDI 0927-7757(93)02635-R
Present Polytechnic
address: 300 Walker Institute, Troy, NY
The measured surface tensions and the difference of these from literature values [S] for the corresponding non-deuterated compounds are given in Table 1. It is apparent that in all cases the perdeuterated compounds have surface tensions slightly lower (0.5-0.8 mN m-l less) than the corresponding ordinary liquids. This presumably reflects the small difference in polarizability of C-D vs. C-H bonds, which leads to the lower surface energy of
G.L. Gaines, Jr. and D.G. Le GrandJColloids Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 82 (1994)
300 Table 1 Surface tensions Compound
299-300
Acknowledgment of perdeuterated
hydrocarbons
Surface tension” (mN m-‘)
Difference from that of non-deuterated compound (mN_m-‘)
This research the Office of
has been supported in part by Naval Research. under grant
NOOO14-91-J-1690. References
Hexane-d,,
17.9
-0.5
Heptane-d,, Octane-d,, Benzene-d, Toluene-ds
19.5 21.1 28.4 28.0
-0.8 -0.7 -0.5 -0.5
1
Ethylbenzene-d,,
28.5
-0.7
2
“At 24°C. 3
the deuterated compounds [ 21. It is also consistent with the lower surface energies of heavy water and deuterated polystyrene already noted.
z
(a) A.H. Cockett and A. Ferguson, Philos. Mag., 28 (1939) 685. (b) J.R. Heiks, M.K. Barnett, L.V. Jones and E. Orban, J. Phys. Chem., 58 (1954) 488. X. Zhao, W. Zhao, J. Sokolov, M.H. Rafailovich, S.A. Schwarz, B.J. Wilkens, R.A.L. Jones and E.J. Kramer, Macromolecules, 24 (1991) 5991. C. Huh and S.G. Mason, Colloid Polym. Sci., 253 (1975) 566. Aldrich Chemical Co., Aldrich Stable Isotopes, 1992. O.R. Quayle, Chem. Rev., 53 (1953) 439.