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The thelephoraceae of the mussoorie Hills (India). II
[ 129
]
Trans. Brit. my col. Soc. 41 ( I), 129- 134 (1958).
THE THELEPHORACEAE OF THE MUSSOORIE HILLS (INDIA). II By DER E K A. REID
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England K . S. TH I ND
AND
K. L. A D LAK HA
Botany Department, Panjab University, Amritsar, India (With Plate 6 an d 3 Text-figures) Descri p tions are given of Stereum sparassoides (P. Henn. ) com b. nov., prev iously know n only from th e typ e collection, and of Craterellus mussooriensis sp.nov., C. cymatodermoides sp.nov., and Hy menochaete fusco-badia sp .nov.
Unde r th e lead ership of Prof. P. N . Me hra an excursio n is mad e every yea r from the Botan y D epartme nt of the Panj ab U niversity to th e M ussoorie Hills in th e north-western Himalayas (2000-7000 ft. altitude) to study th e cry ptoga mic flora. T he T hele phoraceae are being investigated by Dr K. S. Thind and his stude nts . In the first contri butio n (Thind & Adlakha, 1957) eight species and on e new variety were describ ed . T his paper deals wit h three new, and on e little know n, species. T he fru it-b odi es have been described from fresh specimens, supplemente d with dried mat erial and th at preserved in alcohol formalin. T yp e material of th e new species has been deposited in the herb aria of the Panj ab U niversity an d the Royal Botani c Gardens, K ew. The numbers of the species are th e seria l numbers of th e T hele phoroid flora. g. Stereum sparassoides (P. H enn. ) comb. nov. (PI. 6, fig. I; Text-fig. I ). Synonym : Thelephora sparassoides P. Henn., in Hedwigia, 40, 324, 1901.
Sporophore stipitate, coriaceous, 1-4 em. in total height, 1'5-2'5 em. diam. , flabelliform or infundibuliform, adjacent fru it-bodies frequently confluent. Pileus pale brown , profusely lobed especially wh en mature, and ma rke d by radiating rid ges and grooves, appearing almost radiately plicate and obscur ely concentrica lly sulcat e in spirit mat erial, margin inci sed, crenu late, lighter coloured. Hymenium decurrent , violet-grey, more or less smooth in d ried speci mens, bu t appearing uneve n to radi ately ridged in spirit material especially towards the ma rgin. Stipe lat eral or centra l, dark brown , solid, glabro us, usually short and flattened , sometimes cylindrical, 0'5-2 x 0' 1-0'2 em. Basidia clavate, subhyaline, 3 1'2-44'2 x 4- 4'5 p., with 2-4 str aight sterigmata 4-6 p. in length. When mature th e basidia, many of which are z-spored, pro tr ude above th e hymenial surface. Spores o
Mye.4 1
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hyaline, smooth, very broadly elliptical to subglobose, non-amyloid, 3·5-4·5 x 2·5-3 fL, with a very small highly refractive guttule which is variable in position. The spores of this species are rather variable, tending to be more globose on some fruit-bodies than on others, whilst in spirit material they are slightly larger, 4·5-5"5 x 2-4 fL, and lack the guttule. Structure monomitic, consisting of thin-walled, branched, septate, hyaline hyphae (appearing light brown in the mass), 2-4 fL wide, lacking clamp connexions,
\)
0 OO () OD 0 \) 0 0 0 <::)
0 °
e
a Text-fig. I. Stereum sparassoides : (a) hyphae, x 1000 ; (h) basidia, x 1530 ; (c) spores fro m dried material, x 866 ; (d) spores from spirit material , x 866; (e) spores and hypha from the typ e
collection, x 866.
Habitat growing mostly in caespitose clusters, forming small rosettes, but sometimes solitary, on sailor on decaying twigs embedded in the soil, Dhabi Ghat, Mussoorie, India, 23 August 1954, No. 192. Hitherto S. sparassoides was known only from the type gathering, details of which are as follows: Arnigadh, Mussoorie, 5000 ft., colI. W. Gollan, 10 September 1901, on dead branches. Presumably Hennings's original material was lost in the destruction of the Berlin Herbarium during the last war, but a few fragments are preserved in the Herbarium of the United States Department of Agriculture. Whilst these are insufficient to give a clear idea of the macroscopic appearance of the fungus, it is possible to examine the microscopic structure. These fragments bear minute, hyaline, broadly elliptical spores, 3·5-4·5 x 2-3 fL, although Hennings found them to be subovoid, hyaline, smooth, 2-4 fL, and to have a monomitic context formed of thin-walled, hyaline, twisted ribbon-like, branched, septate hyphae, 3-5 fL diam., lacking clamp connexions. Hennings's original description of the species was as follows: 'Caulicola, mernbranaceo-papyracea, confluens, cristata; pileo substipitato, flabellato, plicato, fisso, margine palmato-dentato, dentis saepe subulatis, cremeo, 5-7 mm. longo, 2-3 mm. lato; hymenio plicato-pallido.' He
Thelephoraceae II. D. A. Reid and others
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added that it was a dainty little species resembling a Sparassis and related to Thelephora tuberaoensis P. Henn. S. sparassoides is extremely closely related to S. burtianum Peck, which was described from the United States, differing only in the colour of the hymenium and slightly smaller basidia. In S. sparassoides the hymenium of fresh specimens is violet-grey, whilst in S. burtianum it is pale bay or ochraceous bay (Saccardo, 1905) or yellow ochre to pinard yellow (Burt, 1920). The spores of dried material of both species are very similar in size and shape, although very slightly larger in S. burtianum (3'5-5 x 2'53'5 t-t). 10. Craterellus cymatodermoides sp.nov. (Pi. 6, fig. 2; Text-fig. 2) Sporophore stipitata, 2'5-3'6 em. alta, 0'7-2'2 em. diametro. Pileus umbilieatus, in vivo fusco-violaceus, eristis radiato-acutis ornatus. Hymenium griseo-albidum, eostis ornatum. Stipes eentralis, hirsutus, griseo-albidus 1'5-3 em. longus, o· 1-0'2 em. latus. Basidia tetra- vel hexaspora eylindriea vel subampullaeea, pallide straminea, 39-50 X 7-8 JJ-. Sterigmata, usque ad 8 JJ- longa, ineurvata. Sporae hyalinae vel pallide straminiae, laeves, nonamyloideae (6-) 7-8 x 5-5'5 JJ-. Hyphae 3-9 JJ- diametro, ramosae, septatae, sine fibulis; muris pallide stramineis tenuibus.
Sporophores centrally stipitate, 2'5-3'6 em. in total height, 0'7-2'2 em. diam., umbilicate, slightly lobed, dark violet above when fresh, with radiating knife-edged crests corresponding to the venation of the hymenium. The greyish white hymenial surface is thrown into a complex
a
Text-fig,
2.
b
Craterellus cymatodermoides : (0) basidia, x 6so; (b) spores,
X I ISO.
system of branching folds giving a venose appearance. This consists of a number of prominent radiating primary ribs running out from the stipe to the margin, and from them arise, at acute angles, densely crowded narrower pinnate secondary ribs. The pinnate ribs from adjacent main ribs become fused together, except towards the margin of the pileus where they run out freely. Each primary rib with its system of pinnate secondary ribs resembles the venation of certain angiosperm leaves, whilst the hymenial configuration as a whole is very like that of some species of Cymatoderma. The greyish white solid stipe, 1'5-3 x O' 1-0'2 cm., is profusely hairy and expands above into the pileus. The' hairs' on the stipe consist of conical aggregations of pale straw-coloured, branching, septate hyphae, which are up to 9 t-t wide at the base, but with the apices and ultimate 9-2
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branches only 2'511- diam, Basidia cylindrical to suburniform, pale strawcoloured , 39-50 x 7-8 11- with 4-6 curved sterigmata up to 811- in length. When mature the basidia project up to 1611- above the hymenial surface. Spores hyaline to very pale straw-coloured, non-amyloid, broadly elliptical to subglobose, with distinct lateral apiculus (6-)7-8 x 5-5"5 11-. Cystidia and Gloeoeystidia absent. Structure monomitic, consisting of thin-walled, branched, septate, pale straw-coloured generative hyphae, 3-911- diam., lacking clamp connexions. The septa occur at intervals of 18-4611- along the length of the hyphae, which are markedly constricted at these points. Radial sections through the fruit-body show a trama formed of dense horizontally orientated hyphae and a narrow subhymenial zone in which the hyphae are loosely and more or less vertically arranged. There is no distinct cuticular layer, and no evidence of a thickening hymenium. Habitat growing singly or in caespitose clusters of two to three fruitbodies on naked soil along th e very recently eroded slopes of hills, Chakrata Toll, Mussoorie, India, 4 September 1954, No. 193. The species is well characterized by its peculiar hymenial configuration. It is common but not abundant. Occasionally a sporophore may proliferate and produce a second small fruit-body within the depressed central area of the. pileus. 1 I.
Craterellus mussooriensis sp.nov. (PI. 6, fig. 3; Text-fig. 3)
Sporophora stipitata, 1'5-4 em. alta, 0'7-2 '2 em. diametro. Pileus saepius orbieulatus, supra stipitem plus minusve depressus, pallide brunneus sinuosus; margine undulato dentato. Hymenium oehroleueum aliquando griseo-albidum, eostis radiatis ornatum, Stipes saepius exeentrieus vellateralis, nonnunquam eentralis, solidus glaber, 0'8-2'5 em. longus. Basidia. tetraspora, clavata, hyalina, usque ad 67'6(-78) x 5-8 p.. Sporae hy a linae , la eves, nonamyloideae, late ellipsoidea e vel su bglo bosae, 8-1 0' 5 (- 11'5 ) x 6-8 fL. Hyphae 3-16 p. diametro, r amosae, septatae, sine fibuli s, rnuris subhyalinis ten uibus, granulis brunneis in crustatae,
Sporophore stipitate, 1'5-4 em. in total height, 0'7-2'2 em. diam, Pileus usually circular, somewhat depressed opposite the point of attachment of the stipe, light brown, often conspicuously folded, and with dentate wavy margin. The folds of the pileus may become intimately fused one with another or with the stipe, the apical portion of which may then become enclosed within a pouch-like sac. Hymenium cream coloured but sometimes whitish grey, slightly ridged. These irregular ridges which radiate from the point of attachment of the stipe do not reach the periphery . Stipe usually excentric or lateral, rarely central, concolorous with the pileus, solid, cylindrical, glabrous, straight or slightly flexuous, 0'8-2'5 em. long. Basidia clavate, hyaline up to 67.6 (-78) x 5-8 11-, with four incurved sterigmata. Spores hyaline, non-amyloid, smooth, agutt ate, broadly elliptical to subglobose, 8-10'5(-11'5) x 6-811-, with granular contents when fresh. Cystidia and Gloeocystidia absent. Structure monomitic, consisting of thin-walled, branched, subhyaline hyphae, 3-1611- diam., lacking clamp connexions. These generative hyphae, which may anastomose to form H-connexions, are constricted at the septa (these occur at intervals of 26-70 11-), and frequently bear a brown incrusting granular pigment. This pigment is very conspicuous in sections through the sporo-
Thelephoraceae II. D. A . Reid and others
133
phore, where it often forms sma ll brown granular areas. There is no distin ct cuticular layer and no evidence of a thi ckening hym enium. Habitat mostly gregari ous or sometimes scattered, on soil along newly eroded hill slopes, Chakrata Toll, Mussoorie, I nd ia, 2 September 1953, No. 194.
oeYo 0 00
GO b 0 0° 0 a D (
II
c
d
G \::JTh 0009
T ext-fig. 3. Craterellus mussooriensis: (a) hyphae, x 750; (b) spores, X 1150 ; Hy menochaetefuscobadia : (c) hyphae, x 750 ; (d) basidia and seta, x 1150 ; (e) spor es, X 1150 ; (1 ) seta and spores from the Kew material , X 650 .
12.
Hymenochaete fusco-badia Thind & Adlakha, sp.nov, (PI. 6, fig. 4;
T ext-fig. 3) Sporophora resupinata, usqu e ad pedalia longa, rimosa. Hymenium fusco-brunneum vel atropurpureum; margine plus minusve al bido. Contextus ferrugin eus, 450- 500 It crassus . Basidia clavata, palIide brunnea , 3-4 It crassa. Sporae subhyalin ae, ellipsoide ae, lae ves, 7- 8 x 4- 5'5 It· Setae fusco-brunneae, subulatae (30--}50--101 x (5-)8-10 1-'. Hyphae 3-41-', crassac, flavo- brunneae , ram osae, sep ta tae, sin e fibu lis, muris ten uibus.
Sporophore forming resup inate pa tches up to I ft. in length, abundantly crac ked, coriaceo us but becoming hard when dri ed, often separa ting from th e substra te and enro lled at the margin. Hymenium deep brown or chocolate colour ed, fading slightly on dryin g, roug h under a lens due to th e presence of setae ; ma rgin byssoid whitish. Context ferruginous,
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450-5 0 0 /L thick. Basidia clavate, light brown, 3-4 /L wide. Sterigmata 4, straight, 6-8 /L long. Spores subhyaline, ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, 7-8 x 4-5'5/L [hyaline elliptical, 4'5-6 x 2-3/L in the Kew material, but very scanty]. Setae abundant, dark brown, subulate, thick-walled, arising in the context and forming only a single layer (30-)50-101 x (5-)8-10 /L, projecting I8-24/L beyond the hymenial layer, and surrounded by pyramidal groups of very narrow, thin-walled hyaline hyphae. Structure monomitic, consisting of thin-walled yellowish brown, branched septate hyphae 3-4 /L wide, lacking clamp connexions. Sections through the sporophore show a context formed of rather loosely arranged hyphae and a narrow subhymenial zone, 15/L wide, in which the hyphae are very densely compacted. This latter zone appears as a dark band beneath the hymenium, especially in older portions of the fruit-body. Habitat on stumps and exposed roots of Quercus incana, Dhobi Ghat, Mussoorie, India, 23 August 1954, No. 195. Collection No. 195 is closely allied to H. semistupposa Petch. However, it possesses only a monomitic hyphal system, and the much less abundant setae, which are not usually embedded, project above the hymenial surface. REFERENCES E. A. (1920). The Thelephoraceae of North America. XII. Stereum. Ann. Mo. bot. Gdn, 7, 81-248. SACCARDO, P. A. (1905). Sylloge Fungorum. J7. Patavii. THIND, K. S. & ADI.AKHA, K. L. (1957). The Thelephoraceae of the Mussoorie Hills. I. Indian J. Mycol. Res. 2 (in the Press). BURT,
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6 Fig. 2. Craterellus cymatodermoides. Fig. I. Stereum sparassoides. Fig. 3. Craterellus mussooriensis, Fig. 4. Hymenochaete fusco-badia.
(Accepted for publication 26 July 1957)
Trans. Brit . Myc. Soc.
Vol. 41. Plate 6
(Facing 1'. 134)
]
Trans. Brit. my col. Soc. 41 ( I), 129- 134 (1958).
THE THELEPHORACEAE OF THE MUSSOORIE HILLS (INDIA). II By DER E K A. REID
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England K . S. TH I ND
AND
K. L. A D LAK HA
Botany Department, Panjab University, Amritsar, India (With Plate 6 an d 3 Text-figures) Descri p tions are given of Stereum sparassoides (P. Henn. ) com b. nov., prev iously know n only from th e typ e collection, and of Craterellus mussooriensis sp.nov., C. cymatodermoides sp.nov., and Hy menochaete fusco-badia sp .nov.
Unde r th e lead ership of Prof. P. N . Me hra an excursio n is mad e every yea r from the Botan y D epartme nt of the Panj ab U niversity to th e M ussoorie Hills in th e north-western Himalayas (2000-7000 ft. altitude) to study th e cry ptoga mic flora. T he T hele phoraceae are being investigated by Dr K. S. Thind and his stude nts . In the first contri butio n (Thind & Adlakha, 1957) eight species and on e new variety were describ ed . T his paper deals wit h three new, and on e little know n, species. T he fru it-b odi es have been described from fresh specimens, supplemente d with dried mat erial and th at preserved in alcohol formalin. T yp e material of th e new species has been deposited in the herb aria of the Panj ab U niversity an d the Royal Botani c Gardens, K ew. The numbers of the species are th e seria l numbers of th e T hele phoroid flora. g. Stereum sparassoides (P. H enn. ) comb. nov. (PI. 6, fig. I; Text-fig. I ). Synonym : Thelephora sparassoides P. Henn., in Hedwigia, 40, 324, 1901.
Sporophore stipitate, coriaceous, 1-4 em. in total height, 1'5-2'5 em. diam. , flabelliform or infundibuliform, adjacent fru it-bodies frequently confluent. Pileus pale brown , profusely lobed especially wh en mature, and ma rke d by radiating rid ges and grooves, appearing almost radiately plicate and obscur ely concentrica lly sulcat e in spirit mat erial, margin inci sed, crenu late, lighter coloured. Hymenium decurrent , violet-grey, more or less smooth in d ried speci mens, bu t appearing uneve n to radi ately ridged in spirit material especially towards the ma rgin. Stipe lat eral or centra l, dark brown , solid, glabro us, usually short and flattened , sometimes cylindrical, 0'5-2 x 0' 1-0'2 em. Basidia clavate, subhyaline, 3 1'2-44'2 x 4- 4'5 p., with 2-4 str aight sterigmata 4-6 p. in length. When mature th e basidia, many of which are z-spored, pro tr ude above th e hymenial surface. Spores o
Mye.4 1
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Transactions British Mycological Society
hyaline, smooth, very broadly elliptical to subglobose, non-amyloid, 3·5-4·5 x 2·5-3 fL, with a very small highly refractive guttule which is variable in position. The spores of this species are rather variable, tending to be more globose on some fruit-bodies than on others, whilst in spirit material they are slightly larger, 4·5-5"5 x 2-4 fL, and lack the guttule. Structure monomitic, consisting of thin-walled, branched, septate, hyaline hyphae (appearing light brown in the mass), 2-4 fL wide, lacking clamp connexions,
\)
0 OO () OD 0 \) 0 0 0 <::)
0 °
e
a Text-fig. I. Stereum sparassoides : (a) hyphae, x 1000 ; (h) basidia, x 1530 ; (c) spores fro m dried material, x 866 ; (d) spores from spirit material , x 866; (e) spores and hypha from the typ e
collection, x 866.
Habitat growing mostly in caespitose clusters, forming small rosettes, but sometimes solitary, on sailor on decaying twigs embedded in the soil, Dhabi Ghat, Mussoorie, India, 23 August 1954, No. 192. Hitherto S. sparassoides was known only from the type gathering, details of which are as follows: Arnigadh, Mussoorie, 5000 ft., colI. W. Gollan, 10 September 1901, on dead branches. Presumably Hennings's original material was lost in the destruction of the Berlin Herbarium during the last war, but a few fragments are preserved in the Herbarium of the United States Department of Agriculture. Whilst these are insufficient to give a clear idea of the macroscopic appearance of the fungus, it is possible to examine the microscopic structure. These fragments bear minute, hyaline, broadly elliptical spores, 3·5-4·5 x 2-3 fL, although Hennings found them to be subovoid, hyaline, smooth, 2-4 fL, and to have a monomitic context formed of thin-walled, hyaline, twisted ribbon-like, branched, septate hyphae, 3-5 fL diam., lacking clamp connexions. Hennings's original description of the species was as follows: 'Caulicola, mernbranaceo-papyracea, confluens, cristata; pileo substipitato, flabellato, plicato, fisso, margine palmato-dentato, dentis saepe subulatis, cremeo, 5-7 mm. longo, 2-3 mm. lato; hymenio plicato-pallido.' He
Thelephoraceae II. D. A. Reid and others
131
added that it was a dainty little species resembling a Sparassis and related to Thelephora tuberaoensis P. Henn. S. sparassoides is extremely closely related to S. burtianum Peck, which was described from the United States, differing only in the colour of the hymenium and slightly smaller basidia. In S. sparassoides the hymenium of fresh specimens is violet-grey, whilst in S. burtianum it is pale bay or ochraceous bay (Saccardo, 1905) or yellow ochre to pinard yellow (Burt, 1920). The spores of dried material of both species are very similar in size and shape, although very slightly larger in S. burtianum (3'5-5 x 2'53'5 t-t). 10. Craterellus cymatodermoides sp.nov. (Pi. 6, fig. 2; Text-fig. 2) Sporophore stipitata, 2'5-3'6 em. alta, 0'7-2'2 em. diametro. Pileus umbilieatus, in vivo fusco-violaceus, eristis radiato-acutis ornatus. Hymenium griseo-albidum, eostis ornatum. Stipes eentralis, hirsutus, griseo-albidus 1'5-3 em. longus, o· 1-0'2 em. latus. Basidia tetra- vel hexaspora eylindriea vel subampullaeea, pallide straminea, 39-50 X 7-8 JJ-. Sterigmata, usque ad 8 JJ- longa, ineurvata. Sporae hyalinae vel pallide straminiae, laeves, nonamyloideae (6-) 7-8 x 5-5'5 JJ-. Hyphae 3-9 JJ- diametro, ramosae, septatae, sine fibulis; muris pallide stramineis tenuibus.
Sporophores centrally stipitate, 2'5-3'6 em. in total height, 0'7-2'2 em. diam., umbilicate, slightly lobed, dark violet above when fresh, with radiating knife-edged crests corresponding to the venation of the hymenium. The greyish white hymenial surface is thrown into a complex
a
Text-fig,
2.
b
Craterellus cymatodermoides : (0) basidia, x 6so; (b) spores,
X I ISO.
system of branching folds giving a venose appearance. This consists of a number of prominent radiating primary ribs running out from the stipe to the margin, and from them arise, at acute angles, densely crowded narrower pinnate secondary ribs. The pinnate ribs from adjacent main ribs become fused together, except towards the margin of the pileus where they run out freely. Each primary rib with its system of pinnate secondary ribs resembles the venation of certain angiosperm leaves, whilst the hymenial configuration as a whole is very like that of some species of Cymatoderma. The greyish white solid stipe, 1'5-3 x O' 1-0'2 cm., is profusely hairy and expands above into the pileus. The' hairs' on the stipe consist of conical aggregations of pale straw-coloured, branching, septate hyphae, which are up to 9 t-t wide at the base, but with the apices and ultimate 9-2
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branches only 2'511- diam, Basidia cylindrical to suburniform, pale strawcoloured , 39-50 x 7-8 11- with 4-6 curved sterigmata up to 811- in length. When mature the basidia project up to 1611- above the hymenial surface. Spores hyaline to very pale straw-coloured, non-amyloid, broadly elliptical to subglobose, with distinct lateral apiculus (6-)7-8 x 5-5"5 11-. Cystidia and Gloeoeystidia absent. Structure monomitic, consisting of thin-walled, branched, septate, pale straw-coloured generative hyphae, 3-911- diam., lacking clamp connexions. The septa occur at intervals of 18-4611- along the length of the hyphae, which are markedly constricted at these points. Radial sections through the fruit-body show a trama formed of dense horizontally orientated hyphae and a narrow subhymenial zone in which the hyphae are loosely and more or less vertically arranged. There is no distinct cuticular layer, and no evidence of a thickening hymenium. Habitat growing singly or in caespitose clusters of two to three fruitbodies on naked soil along th e very recently eroded slopes of hills, Chakrata Toll, Mussoorie, India, 4 September 1954, No. 193. The species is well characterized by its peculiar hymenial configuration. It is common but not abundant. Occasionally a sporophore may proliferate and produce a second small fruit-body within the depressed central area of the. pileus. 1 I.
Craterellus mussooriensis sp.nov. (PI. 6, fig. 3; Text-fig. 3)
Sporophora stipitata, 1'5-4 em. alta, 0'7-2 '2 em. diametro. Pileus saepius orbieulatus, supra stipitem plus minusve depressus, pallide brunneus sinuosus; margine undulato dentato. Hymenium oehroleueum aliquando griseo-albidum, eostis radiatis ornatum, Stipes saepius exeentrieus vellateralis, nonnunquam eentralis, solidus glaber, 0'8-2'5 em. longus. Basidia. tetraspora, clavata, hyalina, usque ad 67'6(-78) x 5-8 p.. Sporae hy a linae , la eves, nonamyloideae, late ellipsoidea e vel su bglo bosae, 8-1 0' 5 (- 11'5 ) x 6-8 fL. Hyphae 3-16 p. diametro, r amosae, septatae, sine fibuli s, rnuris subhyalinis ten uibus, granulis brunneis in crustatae,
Sporophore stipitate, 1'5-4 em. in total height, 0'7-2'2 em. diam, Pileus usually circular, somewhat depressed opposite the point of attachment of the stipe, light brown, often conspicuously folded, and with dentate wavy margin. The folds of the pileus may become intimately fused one with another or with the stipe, the apical portion of which may then become enclosed within a pouch-like sac. Hymenium cream coloured but sometimes whitish grey, slightly ridged. These irregular ridges which radiate from the point of attachment of the stipe do not reach the periphery . Stipe usually excentric or lateral, rarely central, concolorous with the pileus, solid, cylindrical, glabrous, straight or slightly flexuous, 0'8-2'5 em. long. Basidia clavate, hyaline up to 67.6 (-78) x 5-8 11-, with four incurved sterigmata. Spores hyaline, non-amyloid, smooth, agutt ate, broadly elliptical to subglobose, 8-10'5(-11'5) x 6-811-, with granular contents when fresh. Cystidia and Gloeocystidia absent. Structure monomitic, consisting of thin-walled, branched, subhyaline hyphae, 3-1611- diam., lacking clamp connexions. These generative hyphae, which may anastomose to form H-connexions, are constricted at the septa (these occur at intervals of 26-70 11-), and frequently bear a brown incrusting granular pigment. This pigment is very conspicuous in sections through the sporo-
Thelephoraceae II. D. A . Reid and others
133
phore, where it often forms sma ll brown granular areas. There is no distin ct cuticular layer and no evidence of a thi ckening hym enium. Habitat mostly gregari ous or sometimes scattered, on soil along newly eroded hill slopes, Chakrata Toll, Mussoorie, I nd ia, 2 September 1953, No. 194.
oeYo 0 00
GO b 0 0° 0 a D (
II
c
d
G \::JTh 0009
T ext-fig. 3. Craterellus mussooriensis: (a) hyphae, x 750; (b) spores, X 1150 ; Hy menochaetefuscobadia : (c) hyphae, x 750 ; (d) basidia and seta, x 1150 ; (e) spor es, X 1150 ; (1 ) seta and spores from the Kew material , X 650 .
12.
Hymenochaete fusco-badia Thind & Adlakha, sp.nov, (PI. 6, fig. 4;
T ext-fig. 3) Sporophora resupinata, usqu e ad pedalia longa, rimosa. Hymenium fusco-brunneum vel atropurpureum; margine plus minusve al bido. Contextus ferrugin eus, 450- 500 It crassus . Basidia clavata, palIide brunnea , 3-4 It crassa. Sporae subhyalin ae, ellipsoide ae, lae ves, 7- 8 x 4- 5'5 It· Setae fusco-brunneae, subulatae (30--}50--101 x (5-)8-10 1-'. Hyphae 3-41-', crassac, flavo- brunneae , ram osae, sep ta tae, sin e fibu lis, muris ten uibus.
Sporophore forming resup inate pa tches up to I ft. in length, abundantly crac ked, coriaceo us but becoming hard when dri ed, often separa ting from th e substra te and enro lled at the margin. Hymenium deep brown or chocolate colour ed, fading slightly on dryin g, roug h under a lens due to th e presence of setae ; ma rgin byssoid whitish. Context ferruginous,
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Transactions British Mycological Society
450-5 0 0 /L thick. Basidia clavate, light brown, 3-4 /L wide. Sterigmata 4, straight, 6-8 /L long. Spores subhyaline, ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, 7-8 x 4-5'5/L [hyaline elliptical, 4'5-6 x 2-3/L in the Kew material, but very scanty]. Setae abundant, dark brown, subulate, thick-walled, arising in the context and forming only a single layer (30-)50-101 x (5-)8-10 /L, projecting I8-24/L beyond the hymenial layer, and surrounded by pyramidal groups of very narrow, thin-walled hyaline hyphae. Structure monomitic, consisting of thin-walled yellowish brown, branched septate hyphae 3-4 /L wide, lacking clamp connexions. Sections through the sporophore show a context formed of rather loosely arranged hyphae and a narrow subhymenial zone, 15/L wide, in which the hyphae are very densely compacted. This latter zone appears as a dark band beneath the hymenium, especially in older portions of the fruit-body. Habitat on stumps and exposed roots of Quercus incana, Dhobi Ghat, Mussoorie, India, 23 August 1954, No. 195. Collection No. 195 is closely allied to H. semistupposa Petch. However, it possesses only a monomitic hyphal system, and the much less abundant setae, which are not usually embedded, project above the hymenial surface. REFERENCES E. A. (1920). The Thelephoraceae of North America. XII. Stereum. Ann. Mo. bot. Gdn, 7, 81-248. SACCARDO, P. A. (1905). Sylloge Fungorum. J7. Patavii. THIND, K. S. & ADI.AKHA, K. L. (1957). The Thelephoraceae of the Mussoorie Hills. I. Indian J. Mycol. Res. 2 (in the Press). BURT,
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6 Fig. 2. Craterellus cymatodermoides. Fig. I. Stereum sparassoides. Fig. 3. Craterellus mussooriensis, Fig. 4. Hymenochaete fusco-badia.
(Accepted for publication 26 July 1957)
Trans. Brit . Myc. Soc.
Vol. 41. Plate 6
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