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The toxicological consequences of short-term dietary essential fatty acid deficiency in rats
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Book ofAbsbucts - EUROTUX ‘94
blades of the primate. This subcutaneous Access-System was combined with a small portable pump, CADD-Micro. that was carried by the monkeys in a soft elastic vest specially devebped for this study. Results: Apart from a few perioperative complicationsthis study was successfully completed with the cynomolgus monkeys receiving their daily infusions delivered by the oump on their back with the monkeys moving around ad libidum in their cages. C~~~~n~ To our knowledge this is a model that is unique worfdwide and, as we think. optimally~Hills not only physiological pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic demands but also represents the most optimal and humane model for our research partners, the cynomolgus monkeys.
J. -* Rank M.H. Nielsen. Department of Environment. Technologyand Social Studies, Univemiiy of Roskilde, Denmark Considerable amounts of sludge from wastewater treatment plants are spread on agricultural areas. For the protection of humans and ecosystems it is important to have info~ation of the toxicity of the sludge, which often has high concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Toxicityof sludge from three wastewater treatment plants was measured using the Allium test [l]. High concentrations of some heavy metals were detected. To assess if the toxicity was caused by the metals, EDTAwas added to the sludge samples to &elate the metals 121.Different nontoxic concent~tions of EDTA were added to the sludge, at concentrations corresponding to the EC50 values found in the Allium test. to evaluate removal of the toxicity The toxicity identificationevaluation strategy is discussed. 111 Rank, J., Nielsen, M-H.. Mutation Research, 312, 17 (1994). f2] 2. Schubauer~edgan, M.K.. et al., Arch. Environ.Contam. Toxicol,24,299 (1993). Key words Sludge; Allium test; heavy metals; toxicity identification
IntraspecificVariabilityin !U!etalk&&&e and PhysiologyBetwaenl&o Life Stagesof the Shore Crab carcinus menas (L.) A .D. Rasmussen. Depamnent of Life Sciences and Chemistry.Roskilde Unive&r)s R0.Box260.0K-4000
Roskilde
Shore crabs. Catcinusmaenas (L.) moulting regubrly seem to be better in coping with hypoxia and situating salinity than crabs who have stopped moulting. The exoskeleton of these non-moulting crabs will in time turn from green to red. These red crabs ;re mostly found in the sublittoral zone where they are aggressive competitoravariations in the uptake of the potentially toxic trace metal cadmium between red and green specimens of the shore Grabwere examined at two salinities. As metal uptake from solution occurs mainly via the gills the apparent water permeability was also examined.A decrease in metal uptake is observed in high salinity and this is probably due to complexa~on of Cd-ions with chloride rendering Cd less bioavailable.This decrease is seen in both red and green specimens. My results suggest that red specimens take up less Cd than green specimens.Green crabs are able to vary their apparent water permeability with varying salinity This ability is not seen in red crabs who also show a lower apparent water ~~eabili~ than green crabs.That red crabs seem to take up less Cd Thangreen crabs may be related to the lower apparent water permeability of their gills, but it is not known if such a causal relationship exists. When examining ecotoxicological effects of trace metals it therefore seems important to understand not only the influence of ambient variables but also the life cycle of the animals.
The RmicologicalConsequencesof Short-TermDietary EssentialFatty Acid DeficiencyIn Rats JJ? Redrobe, J.f?Kelly,l?L.Chambers ‘, 0. Horrobin2t 0.E. Leonard. ~a~rna~ola~~~~~rnen~ &&e&y Cotfege. Gafway; ’ DeparTment of P~rma~oio~y and Therapeutics,TrinityCofiege, Dublin; 2 Efamol Ltd. UK The essential fatty acids (EFAs)are nutrientswhich, like vitamins, must be provided in the food because they cannot be endogenously produced in quantities that are sufficient for normal metabolic needs The EFA’sare important constituents of all membranes and play a crucial role in dete~ining the biological properties of these membranes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 week administration of an EFA deficient diet on bodyweight gain, blood biochemistry, haematology and organ weights. The results show that there were no significant differences in these parameters between the EFA deficient and EFA sufficient control groups. We can therefore conclude that 4 week altera?ionof the EFA composition of the diet does not inffuence the toxicological parameters examined. We wish to thank Efamol Ltd. for generous financial support. Key words: EFA deficiency; diet; rats
Book ofAbsbucts - EUROTUX ‘94
blades of the primate. This subcutaneous Access-System was combined with a small portable pump, CADD-Micro. that was carried by the monkeys in a soft elastic vest specially devebped for this study. Results: Apart from a few perioperative complicationsthis study was successfully completed with the cynomolgus monkeys receiving their daily infusions delivered by the oump on their back with the monkeys moving around ad libidum in their cages. C~~~~n~ To our knowledge this is a model that is unique worfdwide and, as we think. optimally~Hills not only physiological pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic demands but also represents the most optimal and humane model for our research partners, the cynomolgus monkeys.
J. -* Rank M.H. Nielsen. Department of Environment. Technologyand Social Studies, Univemiiy of Roskilde, Denmark Considerable amounts of sludge from wastewater treatment plants are spread on agricultural areas. For the protection of humans and ecosystems it is important to have info~ation of the toxicity of the sludge, which often has high concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Toxicityof sludge from three wastewater treatment plants was measured using the Allium test [l]. High concentrations of some heavy metals were detected. To assess if the toxicity was caused by the metals, EDTAwas added to the sludge samples to &elate the metals 121.Different nontoxic concent~tions of EDTA were added to the sludge, at concentrations corresponding to the EC50 values found in the Allium test. to evaluate removal of the toxicity The toxicity identificationevaluation strategy is discussed. 111 Rank, J., Nielsen, M-H.. Mutation Research, 312, 17 (1994). f2] 2. Schubauer~edgan, M.K.. et al., Arch. Environ.Contam. Toxicol,24,299 (1993). Key words Sludge; Allium test; heavy metals; toxicity identification
IntraspecificVariabilityin !U!etalk&&&e and PhysiologyBetwaenl&o Life Stagesof the Shore Crab carcinus menas (L.) A .D. Rasmussen. Depamnent of Life Sciences and Chemistry.Roskilde Unive&r)s R0.Box260.0K-4000
Roskilde
Shore crabs. Catcinusmaenas (L.) moulting regubrly seem to be better in coping with hypoxia and situating salinity than crabs who have stopped moulting. The exoskeleton of these non-moulting crabs will in time turn from green to red. These red crabs ;re mostly found in the sublittoral zone where they are aggressive competitoravariations in the uptake of the potentially toxic trace metal cadmium between red and green specimens of the shore Grabwere examined at two salinities. As metal uptake from solution occurs mainly via the gills the apparent water permeability was also examined.A decrease in metal uptake is observed in high salinity and this is probably due to complexa~on of Cd-ions with chloride rendering Cd less bioavailable.This decrease is seen in both red and green specimens. My results suggest that red specimens take up less Cd than green specimens.Green crabs are able to vary their apparent water permeability with varying salinity This ability is not seen in red crabs who also show a lower apparent water ~~eabili~ than green crabs.That red crabs seem to take up less Cd Thangreen crabs may be related to the lower apparent water permeability of their gills, but it is not known if such a causal relationship exists. When examining ecotoxicological effects of trace metals it therefore seems important to understand not only the influence of ambient variables but also the life cycle of the animals.
The RmicologicalConsequencesof Short-TermDietary EssentialFatty Acid DeficiencyIn Rats JJ? Redrobe, J.f?Kelly,l?L.Chambers ‘, 0. Horrobin2t 0.E. Leonard. ~a~rna~ola~~~~~rnen~ &&e&y Cotfege. Gafway; ’ DeparTment of P~rma~oio~y and Therapeutics,TrinityCofiege, Dublin; 2 Efamol Ltd. UK The essential fatty acids (EFAs)are nutrientswhich, like vitamins, must be provided in the food because they cannot be endogenously produced in quantities that are sufficient for normal metabolic needs The EFA’sare important constituents of all membranes and play a crucial role in dete~ining the biological properties of these membranes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 week administration of an EFA deficient diet on bodyweight gain, blood biochemistry, haematology and organ weights. The results show that there were no significant differences in these parameters between the EFA deficient and EFA sufficient control groups. We can therefore conclude that 4 week altera?ionof the EFA composition of the diet does not inffuence the toxicological parameters examined. We wish to thank Efamol Ltd. for generous financial support. Key words: EFA deficiency; diet; rats