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The Treatment of Linseed Meal to Improve its Feeding Value for Chicks*
541
RESEARCH NOTES REFERENCES
Batchelder, R. M., 1946. Eighteenth annual conference of laboratory workers in pullorum disease control. Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Canada, June 18-20. Dam, Henrick, 1944. Studies on vitamin E de-
ficiency in chicks, J. Nutrition 27: 193-211. James, Lee E., 1946. Salt tolerance of turkey poults, Feedstuffs 18(27): 20. Scrivner, L. H!, 1946. Experimental edema and ascites in poults. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 108: 27-32.
THE TREATMENT OF LINSEED MEAL TO IMPROVE ITS FEEDING VALUE FOR CHICKS*
* Scientific Journal Paper No. 211. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins.
(1941) but which was modified by substituting 29 percent ground wheat for a similar amount of ground yellow corn. S. C. White Leghorn chicks were fed a practical chick starter until one week of age when they were divided into equivalent groups of 10 chicks each and were fed the experimental rations. The results of one experiment are shown in Table 1. The growth, survival, and efficiency of feed utilization of chicks fed water treated linseed meal were much im-
Group
1 2
Ave. 4 Gain week per Level No. body unit Supplement per surweight concent vivors gain sumed gms. Linseed meal Linseed meal treated with water
35
3
69
35
8
228
0.10 0.32
proved over that of the chicks fed untreated linseed meal. Similar improvement has been noted following extraction with 50 per cent ethanol and treatment with 50 percent ethanol without the removal of the extract. The 50 percent ethanol extract of linseed meal had no growth inhibiting activity. No improvement was noted after extraction with 95 percent ethanol. Clarification of the mechanism involved in the improvement of linseed
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at GWU on April 29, 2015
Although linseed meal is used extensively as a feedstuff for livestock, several investigators have shown that it depresses chick growth when fed at levels of 4.5 percent or more of the ration (Ackerson, Blish and Mussehl 1938, Bethke, Bohstedt, Sassaman, Kennard and Eddington 1928, Hammond 1944, Heuser and Norris 1944, Heuser, Norris and McGinnis 1946, Sherwood and Couch 1940, Slinger, Small, Motzok and Marcellus 1943). Amino acid analyses of linseed protein (Grau 1945) show that for the chick, it is deficient in lysine and possibly in methionine. However, if a suitable method for overcoming the detrimental effect of linseed meal could be found, it might become a valuable protein source for chicks. In the course of experiments with linseed meal, a simple treatment was found which greatly improved the meal for poultry feeding. Commercial linseed meal was mixed with three times its weight of water and allowed to stand at room temperature for a day. It was then dried before a fan at room temperature. The dried meal contained 35.8 percent crude protein. The linseed preparation was tested by feeding it as an addition to a basal ration similar to that described by Wilgus et al.
542
NEWS AND NOTES
meal by treatment with water or with 50 percent ethanol must await further investigation. F. H.
KRATZER*
* Now with Department of Poultry Husbandry, University of California, Davis. Received for publication, August 3, 1946. REFERENCES
News and Notes {Continued from page 450)
Head of the Poultry Husbandry Department, Iowa State College, became Manager of the General Poultry and Hatchery Department of the Ralston Purina Company. Dr. Wilcke entered the army as Nutrition Officer in 1943, spent eighteen months overseas in the European area of operations and was separated from the Army in March, 1946. Merritt I. Darrow, after serving eighteen months in the Navy in the Pacific theater, returned to Clemson Agricultural College on June 1. Recently he has resigned his position at Clemson to become associated with Swift and Company in charge of breeding work connected with hatcheries of the Company. Professor D. H. Reid has retired from his position as Head of the Poultry Husbandry Department, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College. On September 1, Dr. J. H. Quisenberry, formerly of the genetics faculty, succeeds Professor Reid
as Head of the Poultry Husbandry Department. Dr. Quisenberry has been on leave of absence for about one and onehalf years in Hawaii as Head of the Poultry Department there. Dr. A. T. Ringrose, recently returned from Army service and formerly of the Poultry Husbandry Department, University of Kentucky, is now Head of the Poultry Husbandry Department, Mississippi State College. Harry E. Hathaway is now Assistant Professor of Poultry Husbandry, Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. Mr. Hathaway's duties consist of teaching and research in the field of processing and marketing poultry products. On July 15, T. D. Runnels, formerly with the University of West Virginia, was released from active duty in the Navy and accepted the position of Associate Professor of Poultry Husbandry, Oklahoma
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at GWU on April 29, 2015
Ackerson, C. W., M. J. Blish and F. E. Mussehl, 1938. The utilization of food elements by growing chicks, V. A comparison of cottonseed meal and linseed oil meal as portions of the protein concentrate. Univ. Nebraska Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui., 100. Bethke, R. M., G. Bohstedt, H. L. Sassaman, D. C. Kennard and B. H . Eddington, 1928. The comparative nutritive value of the proteins of linseed meal and cottonseed meal for different animals. Jour. Agri. Res. 36: 855.
Grau, C. R., June 1945. Satisfying the amino acid requirements of poultry. Nulaid News 23: 8. Hammond, J. C , 1944. Partial substitutes for soybean meal. Poultry Sci. 23: 78. Heuser, G. F. and L. C. Norris, 1944. Soybean oil meal in chick rations. Cornell Bui. 810. Heuser, G. F., L., G. Norris and J. McGinnis, 1946. Vegetable protein concentrates fed alone and in combination with soybean oil meal and fish meal as the chief supplementary protein in chick starting rations. Poultry Sci. 25:130. Sherwood, R. M. and J. R. Couch, 1940. Values of various protein feeds for growing chicks. Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 588. Slinger, S. J., J. C. Small, I. Motzok and F. N. Marcellus, 1943. Linseed oil meal replacing meat meal in rations for growing chicks. Sci. Agr. 23: 732. Wilgus, H. S., Jr., F. X. Gassner, A. R. Patton and R. G. Gustavson, 1941. The goitrogenicity of soybeans. Jour. Nutrition 22:43.
RESEARCH NOTES REFERENCES
Batchelder, R. M., 1946. Eighteenth annual conference of laboratory workers in pullorum disease control. Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Canada, June 18-20. Dam, Henrick, 1944. Studies on vitamin E de-
ficiency in chicks, J. Nutrition 27: 193-211. James, Lee E., 1946. Salt tolerance of turkey poults, Feedstuffs 18(27): 20. Scrivner, L. H!, 1946. Experimental edema and ascites in poults. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 108: 27-32.
THE TREATMENT OF LINSEED MEAL TO IMPROVE ITS FEEDING VALUE FOR CHICKS*
* Scientific Journal Paper No. 211. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins.
(1941) but which was modified by substituting 29 percent ground wheat for a similar amount of ground yellow corn. S. C. White Leghorn chicks were fed a practical chick starter until one week of age when they were divided into equivalent groups of 10 chicks each and were fed the experimental rations. The results of one experiment are shown in Table 1. The growth, survival, and efficiency of feed utilization of chicks fed water treated linseed meal were much im-
Group
1 2
Ave. 4 Gain week per Level No. body unit Supplement per surweight concent vivors gain sumed gms. Linseed meal Linseed meal treated with water
35
3
69
35
8
228
0.10 0.32
proved over that of the chicks fed untreated linseed meal. Similar improvement has been noted following extraction with 50 per cent ethanol and treatment with 50 percent ethanol without the removal of the extract. The 50 percent ethanol extract of linseed meal had no growth inhibiting activity. No improvement was noted after extraction with 95 percent ethanol. Clarification of the mechanism involved in the improvement of linseed
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at GWU on April 29, 2015
Although linseed meal is used extensively as a feedstuff for livestock, several investigators have shown that it depresses chick growth when fed at levels of 4.5 percent or more of the ration (Ackerson, Blish and Mussehl 1938, Bethke, Bohstedt, Sassaman, Kennard and Eddington 1928, Hammond 1944, Heuser and Norris 1944, Heuser, Norris and McGinnis 1946, Sherwood and Couch 1940, Slinger, Small, Motzok and Marcellus 1943). Amino acid analyses of linseed protein (Grau 1945) show that for the chick, it is deficient in lysine and possibly in methionine. However, if a suitable method for overcoming the detrimental effect of linseed meal could be found, it might become a valuable protein source for chicks. In the course of experiments with linseed meal, a simple treatment was found which greatly improved the meal for poultry feeding. Commercial linseed meal was mixed with three times its weight of water and allowed to stand at room temperature for a day. It was then dried before a fan at room temperature. The dried meal contained 35.8 percent crude protein. The linseed preparation was tested by feeding it as an addition to a basal ration similar to that described by Wilgus et al.
542
NEWS AND NOTES
meal by treatment with water or with 50 percent ethanol must await further investigation. F. H.
KRATZER*
* Now with Department of Poultry Husbandry, University of California, Davis. Received for publication, August 3, 1946. REFERENCES
News and Notes {Continued from page 450)
Head of the Poultry Husbandry Department, Iowa State College, became Manager of the General Poultry and Hatchery Department of the Ralston Purina Company. Dr. Wilcke entered the army as Nutrition Officer in 1943, spent eighteen months overseas in the European area of operations and was separated from the Army in March, 1946. Merritt I. Darrow, after serving eighteen months in the Navy in the Pacific theater, returned to Clemson Agricultural College on June 1. Recently he has resigned his position at Clemson to become associated with Swift and Company in charge of breeding work connected with hatcheries of the Company. Professor D. H. Reid has retired from his position as Head of the Poultry Husbandry Department, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College. On September 1, Dr. J. H. Quisenberry, formerly of the genetics faculty, succeeds Professor Reid
as Head of the Poultry Husbandry Department. Dr. Quisenberry has been on leave of absence for about one and onehalf years in Hawaii as Head of the Poultry Department there. Dr. A. T. Ringrose, recently returned from Army service and formerly of the Poultry Husbandry Department, University of Kentucky, is now Head of the Poultry Husbandry Department, Mississippi State College. Harry E. Hathaway is now Assistant Professor of Poultry Husbandry, Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. Mr. Hathaway's duties consist of teaching and research in the field of processing and marketing poultry products. On July 15, T. D. Runnels, formerly with the University of West Virginia, was released from active duty in the Navy and accepted the position of Associate Professor of Poultry Husbandry, Oklahoma
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at GWU on April 29, 2015
Ackerson, C. W., M. J. Blish and F. E. Mussehl, 1938. The utilization of food elements by growing chicks, V. A comparison of cottonseed meal and linseed oil meal as portions of the protein concentrate. Univ. Nebraska Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui., 100. Bethke, R. M., G. Bohstedt, H. L. Sassaman, D. C. Kennard and B. H . Eddington, 1928. The comparative nutritive value of the proteins of linseed meal and cottonseed meal for different animals. Jour. Agri. Res. 36: 855.
Grau, C. R., June 1945. Satisfying the amino acid requirements of poultry. Nulaid News 23: 8. Hammond, J. C , 1944. Partial substitutes for soybean meal. Poultry Sci. 23: 78. Heuser, G. F. and L. C. Norris, 1944. Soybean oil meal in chick rations. Cornell Bui. 810. Heuser, G. F., L., G. Norris and J. McGinnis, 1946. Vegetable protein concentrates fed alone and in combination with soybean oil meal and fish meal as the chief supplementary protein in chick starting rations. Poultry Sci. 25:130. Sherwood, R. M. and J. R. Couch, 1940. Values of various protein feeds for growing chicks. Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 588. Slinger, S. J., J. C. Small, I. Motzok and F. N. Marcellus, 1943. Linseed oil meal replacing meat meal in rations for growing chicks. Sci. Agr. 23: 732. Wilgus, H. S., Jr., F. X. Gassner, A. R. Patton and R. G. Gustavson, 1941. The goitrogenicity of soybeans. Jour. Nutrition 22:43.