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THE TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS AT MOSCOW.
1428 and Sheffield, to deal with these conditions. report are the results of an interesting bacteriological investigation by Professor Delepine. The conclusions arrived at are in strong confirmation of the views already held by many well-known authorities. These are as follows:-1. That the milk of tuberculous of which the udder is not diseased is rarely cows infectious (though it must be remembered that the udder may become tuberculous at any time). 2. That in tuberculous cows, when the udder is diseased, this may be due to tuberculosis or other diseases. In half the cases examined the disease of the udder was due to tuberculosis. 3. That when the udder is tuberculous the milk is generally infectious and is a source of great danger to young children. We trust that the requirements as to cleanliness of the sheds where cows are kept will be, in view of this clear summary, rigidly enforced in every town in the kingdom.
Edinburgh,
Attached to the
subscribers to read all the essays written in languages they do not know? We English are, perhaps, the worst linguists in the world ; most of us could read the French and German, some perhaps the Italian and Spanish in addition ; as for Oriental tongues, although we are the greatest Oriental power, very few of us can even read Arabic, Turkish, Persian, or any of the various dialects and tongues spoken in Hindustan. We shall, however, watch with interest the result of Mr. Samenhof’s experiment. THE TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS AT MOSCOW.
GUESTS of the Congress, including ladies, will pay no admission fee, but they will not be entitled to the free railway passes from the frontier stations on the Russian lines accorded to members. They will, however, enjoy the privileges accorded by other foreign railway and navigation companies, and may take part in the excursion to the THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Caucasus organised by the Executive of the Congress. They THE annual conversazione of the Medical Society of Bwill also probably be able to avail themselves of the London took place on May 17th, and a large and distin-advantages of cheap circular tickets, the arrangements for guished gathering of Fellows and visitors assembled totwhich are still under discussion. A special committee hear the annual oration, which was delivered by Mr. Edmundhas been formed in Moscow to arrange for hotel Owen. He chose for his subject "The Medical Society ofand lodging accommodation for visitors, under the London in the Eighteenth Century," and the address will be presidency of Professor Chervinsky, of Moscow, to whom found in full in another part of our present issue. Theapplications may be made for information. Rooms may bs orator did not adhere with too rigid pertinacity to his text, iretained in advance, and, in addition, offices will be estaband witty and often caustic allusions to many present-day Ilished at each of the railway stations in Moscow, where abuses were interwoven with a very graphic account of theapplications may be made on arrival. The cost of rooms will times of Lettsom and Fothergill, drawn largely from the oldaaverage about 4s. 6d. (two roubles) per diem. A committee minute and cash books of the early years of the society. It of ladies of Moscow has also been formed with the object is to be hoped that the Council will adopt Mr. Owen’s of insuring the comfort and convenience of ladies belonging suggestion and see that these books, which contain priceless 1to the families of members of the Congress who may attend. records of other times, are carefully bound, and secured in ’This committee will have a central office, at which visitors The enthusiasm with which the vote of on their arrival may obtain any information they require and a fireproof case. thanks was adopted showed how thoroughly the oration hadaalso learn the most satisfactory way of employing their time i visiting places of interest in Moscow during the sittings been appreciated by an overflowing meeting. The subsequent in Presidential reception was largely attended, and the rooms of of the Congress. This committee wishes to be apprised in the society were crowded till a late hour, the conversazioneadvance of the names of all ladies who will be present, and notice should at once be given to Professor Savelieff, the being one of the most successful of recent years. secretary of the ladies’ committee, through Professor W. K. A SCHEME FOR AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE. Roth, the general secretary. A general prospectus of the WE have received from Mr. L. Samenhof, of Grodno, arrangements for the Congress will shortly be ready and will, Russia, a little pamphlet concerning the desirableness of be obtainable on application to Professor W. K. Roth, there being a universal language. That this is a most Secretary-General, Twelfth International Medical Congress;, desirable (if unattainable) end everyone is agreed. Mr. Moscow. Samenhof mentions the efforts already made in this direcTHOSE who were privileged to hear the maiden speech of tion and instances two attempts, the one "Volapuk," Lord Lister in the House of Lords report that he made a very and the other the language "Esperanto" of which he He spoke without undue nervousness, was himself was the founder. The first of these languages good beginning. well received by the House and well dealt with by the was founded upon living tongues ; the latter, so far It is a new sphere for medical men ; but the reporters. as we remember, was a modified Latin and so a dead result is such as to justify their translation in yet greater language. Besides these proposals there was a third numbers. made by a certain party who argued that the inter. national language should be an entirely new one. Mr. H.R.H. THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE, who is next lrs Samenhof’s idea is to have an international conference on seniority to Mr. Gladstone as a Governor of Guy’s Hospital, the subject and he proposes to bring this about in the has intimated his intention of taking part in the reception following fashion. Those interested in the subject are of H R H. the Prince of Wales on the occasion of the requested to write to him at the above address in any Royal visit to open the New Medical School Buildings on language they please, sending an article setting forth their the 26th inst. views on the matter. All essays must be signed with the H.R H. THE PRINCE OF WALES’S first visit to Cheltenham name of the writer and will be published in a work of 960 pages to be issued in three volumes. When the book has which occurred last week, paesed off in every way most satisbeen published subscribers will be requested to read all factorily, no little credit being due to the efforts of the the opinions and then to fill up a paper sayirg (1) whether reception committee, the chairman of which, Mr. Ward= they think that the universal language should be Humphreys, M R.C.S. Eng., L.R C.P. Lond., had the honour an existing language, living, dead, or "artificial," or of being introduced to His Royal Highness. (2) an entirely new one. We wish Mr. Samenhof every success in his well-meant efforts, but one initial diffiTHE annual dinner of old studEnts of King’s College,. culty that strikes us is the following How are the London, will be held at the Holborn Restaurant, on Monday, ___
__
___
-
1429 June 28th. Lord Kelvin will preside, and H,R H. the Duke of Cambridge, has intimated his intention of being
present.
-,
PRINCESS CHRISTIAN, the President of the newly formed Army Nursing Service Reserve, upon May 19th presented
badges and certificates Service Institution.
to
fifty enrolled
nurses
at the United
-
University of Toronto has decided to confer the LL.D. upon Lord Lister, Lord Kelvin, Lord of degree and Sir John Evans. Rayleigh, THE
The Lancet Special
Commission
ON THE
METROPOLITAN WATERSUPPLY. XIII.1 EAST LONDON WATERWORKS COMPANY (Continued). Conveyance of water from Chingford to Walthamstow.The high level culvert derives its water from the east side of the artificial cut which was formerly the mill head of Chingford mill. The low level aqueduct was formerly the Chingford mill tail ; it is an open stream throughout the whole of its course. The water which flows down it is always principally, and often entirely, supplied from the Lea, but occasionally some water is pumped into it from the well at Chingford. It supplies the low level reservoirs at Walthamstow. The high level aqueduct.-The water taken by the high Level reservoirs comes from the east bank of the canal. There is here a floating boom to keep back the weeds. The water flons into a circular bay, from which it passes through two sluices into an oval pool, which is about 160 ft - 111 length and 80 ft. in breadth. The sides of the pool are concreted and the upper part is lined with blue Staffordshire bricks. On the east side are the openings of two D-shaped culverts. (See Fig. 1.) The water passes into the culverts
in a southerly direction across a meadow to the road, and later again goes under the road
west of the at a place
For the latter half of its course the called Folly-lane. culvert passes on the property of the Company, except where it crosses a public footpath near Higham Ferry. The part which runs in private ground is fenced in, and for the last half mile or so the culvert runs close to the low-level aqueduct. In its course the culvert is protected from two foul streams. Of these the first is the Ching brook, which contains the sewage effluent from the Chingford sewage farm. This brook passes under the culvert about three quarters of a mile south of the Chingford Station, it then runs for about three hundred yards between the high and low level culverts, and is finally conducted in a westerly direction under the latter by means of iron pipes, which conduct it into the River Lea below all the intakes of the Company. The Ching brook on May 2nd was a small stream, dark in colour, and of offensive smell. After heavy rains it contains much flood water, but during the summer it is nearly dry and is said to be extremely offensive. The other foul stream which is near the culvert is Dagenham brook. This arises on the slope of Higham Hill, and is polluted by a farm. It passes to the east of the Company’s property, and in part forms its eastern boundary. It need only be added that after receiving much surface drainage it finally goes into the Thames at Bow Creek, and that it is under the care of specially appointed Commissioners. Walthamstow reservoirs.-Before describing these reservoirs in detail it may be best to give a brief description of their general arrangement and situation. It will be readily seen by studying the accompanying map (Fig. 2). At the
FiG. 2.
FIll-. 1.
The
section of the high level culverts. built of brick and bedded in concrete.
diagram shows a are
These
iron gratings which have bars about in. in thickand 14 in. spacer. The culverts are built of brick and rest on a foundation of concrete. The distance from Chingford to the reservoirs at Waltbamstow is about two miles, and there is an available fall of 2 ft. when the receiving reservoir is full. In the whole of its course the culvert is below the level of the ground, but there are a number of brick shafts which rise above the surface of the ground and which are connected below with the culvert. These shafts are about eight in number and are situated at pretty regular lintervals. With the exception of one all the shafts are covered at the top either with paving-stones or with iron traps. The shafts facilitate the examination of the culverts, and would be of use in case it became stopped up or in any way defective. From the intake the water passes at first in a south-easterly direction under the high road, it then goes
through ness
1
Nos. I.,
II., III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., IX, X., XI., and XII. were
published in THE LANCET of Feb. 20th and 27th. March 6th, 13th, 20th, and 27th, April 3rd, 17th, 24th, May 1st, 8th, and 15th, 1897,
respectively.
Tbf map shows the Reservoirs at Walthamstow. H. M., High Maynard. L. M., Low Maynard. h.. Racecourse. W. E., Warwick East. W. W., the part included in the dotted line, shows the position of the Warwick West, now in course of construction.
Edinburgh,
Attached to the
subscribers to read all the essays written in languages they do not know? We English are, perhaps, the worst linguists in the world ; most of us could read the French and German, some perhaps the Italian and Spanish in addition ; as for Oriental tongues, although we are the greatest Oriental power, very few of us can even read Arabic, Turkish, Persian, or any of the various dialects and tongues spoken in Hindustan. We shall, however, watch with interest the result of Mr. Samenhof’s experiment. THE TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS AT MOSCOW.
GUESTS of the Congress, including ladies, will pay no admission fee, but they will not be entitled to the free railway passes from the frontier stations on the Russian lines accorded to members. They will, however, enjoy the privileges accorded by other foreign railway and navigation companies, and may take part in the excursion to the THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Caucasus organised by the Executive of the Congress. They THE annual conversazione of the Medical Society of Bwill also probably be able to avail themselves of the London took place on May 17th, and a large and distin-advantages of cheap circular tickets, the arrangements for guished gathering of Fellows and visitors assembled totwhich are still under discussion. A special committee hear the annual oration, which was delivered by Mr. Edmundhas been formed in Moscow to arrange for hotel Owen. He chose for his subject "The Medical Society ofand lodging accommodation for visitors, under the London in the Eighteenth Century," and the address will be presidency of Professor Chervinsky, of Moscow, to whom found in full in another part of our present issue. Theapplications may be made for information. Rooms may bs orator did not adhere with too rigid pertinacity to his text, iretained in advance, and, in addition, offices will be estaband witty and often caustic allusions to many present-day Ilished at each of the railway stations in Moscow, where abuses were interwoven with a very graphic account of theapplications may be made on arrival. The cost of rooms will times of Lettsom and Fothergill, drawn largely from the oldaaverage about 4s. 6d. (two roubles) per diem. A committee minute and cash books of the early years of the society. It of ladies of Moscow has also been formed with the object is to be hoped that the Council will adopt Mr. Owen’s of insuring the comfort and convenience of ladies belonging suggestion and see that these books, which contain priceless 1to the families of members of the Congress who may attend. records of other times, are carefully bound, and secured in ’This committee will have a central office, at which visitors The enthusiasm with which the vote of on their arrival may obtain any information they require and a fireproof case. thanks was adopted showed how thoroughly the oration hadaalso learn the most satisfactory way of employing their time i visiting places of interest in Moscow during the sittings been appreciated by an overflowing meeting. The subsequent in Presidential reception was largely attended, and the rooms of of the Congress. This committee wishes to be apprised in the society were crowded till a late hour, the conversazioneadvance of the names of all ladies who will be present, and notice should at once be given to Professor Savelieff, the being one of the most successful of recent years. secretary of the ladies’ committee, through Professor W. K. A SCHEME FOR AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE. Roth, the general secretary. A general prospectus of the WE have received from Mr. L. Samenhof, of Grodno, arrangements for the Congress will shortly be ready and will, Russia, a little pamphlet concerning the desirableness of be obtainable on application to Professor W. K. Roth, there being a universal language. That this is a most Secretary-General, Twelfth International Medical Congress;, desirable (if unattainable) end everyone is agreed. Mr. Moscow. Samenhof mentions the efforts already made in this direcTHOSE who were privileged to hear the maiden speech of tion and instances two attempts, the one "Volapuk," Lord Lister in the House of Lords report that he made a very and the other the language "Esperanto" of which he He spoke without undue nervousness, was himself was the founder. The first of these languages good beginning. well received by the House and well dealt with by the was founded upon living tongues ; the latter, so far It is a new sphere for medical men ; but the reporters. as we remember, was a modified Latin and so a dead result is such as to justify their translation in yet greater language. Besides these proposals there was a third numbers. made by a certain party who argued that the inter. national language should be an entirely new one. Mr. H.R.H. THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE, who is next lrs Samenhof’s idea is to have an international conference on seniority to Mr. Gladstone as a Governor of Guy’s Hospital, the subject and he proposes to bring this about in the has intimated his intention of taking part in the reception following fashion. Those interested in the subject are of H R H. the Prince of Wales on the occasion of the requested to write to him at the above address in any Royal visit to open the New Medical School Buildings on language they please, sending an article setting forth their the 26th inst. views on the matter. All essays must be signed with the H.R H. THE PRINCE OF WALES’S first visit to Cheltenham name of the writer and will be published in a work of 960 pages to be issued in three volumes. When the book has which occurred last week, paesed off in every way most satisbeen published subscribers will be requested to read all factorily, no little credit being due to the efforts of the the opinions and then to fill up a paper sayirg (1) whether reception committee, the chairman of which, Mr. Ward= they think that the universal language should be Humphreys, M R.C.S. Eng., L.R C.P. Lond., had the honour an existing language, living, dead, or "artificial," or of being introduced to His Royal Highness. (2) an entirely new one. We wish Mr. Samenhof every success in his well-meant efforts, but one initial diffiTHE annual dinner of old studEnts of King’s College,. culty that strikes us is the following How are the London, will be held at the Holborn Restaurant, on Monday, ___
__
___
-
1429 June 28th. Lord Kelvin will preside, and H,R H. the Duke of Cambridge, has intimated his intention of being
present.
-,
PRINCESS CHRISTIAN, the President of the newly formed Army Nursing Service Reserve, upon May 19th presented
badges and certificates Service Institution.
to
fifty enrolled
nurses
at the United
-
University of Toronto has decided to confer the LL.D. upon Lord Lister, Lord Kelvin, Lord of degree and Sir John Evans. Rayleigh, THE
The Lancet Special
Commission
ON THE
METROPOLITAN WATERSUPPLY. XIII.1 EAST LONDON WATERWORKS COMPANY (Continued). Conveyance of water from Chingford to Walthamstow.The high level culvert derives its water from the east side of the artificial cut which was formerly the mill head of Chingford mill. The low level aqueduct was formerly the Chingford mill tail ; it is an open stream throughout the whole of its course. The water which flows down it is always principally, and often entirely, supplied from the Lea, but occasionally some water is pumped into it from the well at Chingford. It supplies the low level reservoirs at Walthamstow. The high level aqueduct.-The water taken by the high Level reservoirs comes from the east bank of the canal. There is here a floating boom to keep back the weeds. The water flons into a circular bay, from which it passes through two sluices into an oval pool, which is about 160 ft - 111 length and 80 ft. in breadth. The sides of the pool are concreted and the upper part is lined with blue Staffordshire bricks. On the east side are the openings of two D-shaped culverts. (See Fig. 1.) The water passes into the culverts
in a southerly direction across a meadow to the road, and later again goes under the road
west of the at a place
For the latter half of its course the called Folly-lane. culvert passes on the property of the Company, except where it crosses a public footpath near Higham Ferry. The part which runs in private ground is fenced in, and for the last half mile or so the culvert runs close to the low-level aqueduct. In its course the culvert is protected from two foul streams. Of these the first is the Ching brook, which contains the sewage effluent from the Chingford sewage farm. This brook passes under the culvert about three quarters of a mile south of the Chingford Station, it then runs for about three hundred yards between the high and low level culverts, and is finally conducted in a westerly direction under the latter by means of iron pipes, which conduct it into the River Lea below all the intakes of the Company. The Ching brook on May 2nd was a small stream, dark in colour, and of offensive smell. After heavy rains it contains much flood water, but during the summer it is nearly dry and is said to be extremely offensive. The other foul stream which is near the culvert is Dagenham brook. This arises on the slope of Higham Hill, and is polluted by a farm. It passes to the east of the Company’s property, and in part forms its eastern boundary. It need only be added that after receiving much surface drainage it finally goes into the Thames at Bow Creek, and that it is under the care of specially appointed Commissioners. Walthamstow reservoirs.-Before describing these reservoirs in detail it may be best to give a brief description of their general arrangement and situation. It will be readily seen by studying the accompanying map (Fig. 2). At the
FiG. 2.
FIll-. 1.
The
section of the high level culverts. built of brick and bedded in concrete.
diagram shows a are
These
iron gratings which have bars about in. in thickand 14 in. spacer. The culverts are built of brick and rest on a foundation of concrete. The distance from Chingford to the reservoirs at Waltbamstow is about two miles, and there is an available fall of 2 ft. when the receiving reservoir is full. In the whole of its course the culvert is below the level of the ground, but there are a number of brick shafts which rise above the surface of the ground and which are connected below with the culvert. These shafts are about eight in number and are situated at pretty regular lintervals. With the exception of one all the shafts are covered at the top either with paving-stones or with iron traps. The shafts facilitate the examination of the culverts, and would be of use in case it became stopped up or in any way defective. From the intake the water passes at first in a south-easterly direction under the high road, it then goes
through ness
1
Nos. I.,
II., III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., IX, X., XI., and XII. were
published in THE LANCET of Feb. 20th and 27th. March 6th, 13th, 20th, and 27th, April 3rd, 17th, 24th, May 1st, 8th, and 15th, 1897,
respectively.
Tbf map shows the Reservoirs at Walthamstow. H. M., High Maynard. L. M., Low Maynard. h.. Racecourse. W. E., Warwick East. W. W., the part included in the dotted line, shows the position of the Warwick West, now in course of construction.