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The use of technical and non-technical language in communication
R1BA Publications, 1970, 92 pp.; abstr, in Legibility Research Abstracts.
inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016, N e w York, 1968, 419 pp.
Substituting a geographically descriptive sign for one which was not geographically descriptive reduced the number of people who became lost when trying to find one room in a large building.
This is the first comprehensive study of work in the home and methods for increasing its efficiency. Work in the Home draws together up-to-date and carefully verified information from several fields, including anatomy, physiology, physical education, anthropometry, psychology, industrial and human engineering, and home management. The meaning of ' h u m a n resources' is developed. As a result, the member or aspiring members of any profession or industry that endeavours to enhance the total aspect of living in the home will find this an extremely valuable source of information. The material throughout is organized around three major areas of study: the work, the worker, and the workplace. In each instance existing research is cited and discussed, and areas in which further research is needed are pointed out. Guides are given for functional design and arrangement of workplaces and the design of work methods. An extensive reference list is included.
Auditory displays 3.4.396 (60105) Walker, R.V. and Chalmers, D.K. The use of technical and non-technical language in communication. Journal o f Psychology, 1971, 78.1 st half, 6 5 - 7 1 . Experiments made to specify the psychological factors underlying the effectiveness of variations in technical and non-technical language on the evaluation and persuasibility of the communication.
Controls 3.4.397 (60110) Davies, B.T. and Watts Jr. J.M. Further investigations of movement ttme between brake and accelerator pedals in automobiles. Human Factors, Dec. 1970, 12.6, 559-561. This report presents the results of continued studies into the nonoptimality of the positional relationship of brake and accelerator pedals in contemporary automobiles. Ten female subjects were tested to determine how long it takes to move the foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal under four conditions involving variations in brake pedal height. Experimental results indicated: ( 1) a reduction in stopping distance of upwards of 10 ft (3 m) could be effected at high speeds, (2) seat height had no effect on movement time of foot from accelerator to brake pedal in the case of female drivers, and (3) movement times for female drivers when compared with previous experiments on male drivers are the .same when the brake pedal is 6 in (152 ram) higher than the accelerator but are 25% slower when the pedals are in the same horizontal plane.
Workspace layout and equipment design 3.4.398 (60120) Steidl, R.E. and Bratton, E.C. Work in the home. Published by John Wiley & Sons
3.4.399 (60126) Department of Employment and Productivity Seats for workers in factories, offices and shops. Health and Safety at Work, No. 45, 1970, 49 pp.; abstr, in Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts. This booklet emphasises the importance of good seating for the health and efficiency of workers, and gives advice on the choice of appropriate seats based on the experience of H M Factory Inspectorate and information from various sources including.the Industrial Health Research Board, the Medical Research Council and the British Standards Institution. Seating is discussed in relation to various types of work and many types of seat in current use are illustrated. Short sections cover: legal requirements; general principles (good sitting posture, change of posture); seats for work (design and construction); adjustment of seat, work layout and machines; seats for occasional use; seats for canteens and messrooms; office seating, desks and tables. Appendices reproduce legal texts and provide a bibliography. 3.4.400 (60133) Andlauer, P., Eymer, A. and Perrone, J. Designing the layout of a driver's cabin for a 250-ton overhead
travelling crane (Amenagement d'une Cabine de Conduite d ' u n Pont Roulant de 250 t.) (In French). Archives des Maladies Professionnelles, Paris, J a n . - F e b . 1971, 3 2 . 1 - 2 , 2 1 4 - 2 1 8 ; abstr, in Occupational Safety and Health A bstracts. Presentation, with supporting illustrations, of a practical example of the ergonomics training of engineers and industrial physicians under practical conditions: designing the layout of a cabin for a 250-ton overhead travelling crane used for difficult lifting operations. The problems to be resolved were two: the fact that different drivers would be driving the crane at different times and the question of the driver's posture. By means of a model and in consultation with crane-drivers themselves, it was possible to resolve these two problems. The discussion is reproduced.
Illumination 3.4.401 (60140) Owens, P.G.T. Pilkington environmental advisory service. Lighting Research and Technology, 1971, 3 . 3 , 2 3 6 - 2 3 7 . The main objective of the Environmental Advisory Service of Pilkington Ltd is to assist architects and engineers, engaged in building design, on environmental problems associated with the windows.
3.4.402 (60150) Loef, C. The effect of light on workers and work in textile mills. (In German). Melliand Textilberichte International, 1971, 5 2 . 7 , 8 6 3 - 8 6 8 ; abstr, in World Textile A bstracts. The influence of light affects not only the visual functions such as sight, capability of detecting illuminating power variations, colour sense, etc., but also some internal body secretions controlled by the eye through ganglion cells (hormone secretion, water conservation in the body, and fat metabolism). All these factors influence the ability to perform and the fatigue of workers and their safety in operation. The influence of light is both quantitative (intensity of illumination) and qualitative (freedom from dazzle and shadow effect), The intensity of illumination and the colour of the light are important factors at production control centres. Bleaching of fabrics
Applied Ergonomics December 1972
243
inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016, N e w York, 1968, 419 pp.
Substituting a geographically descriptive sign for one which was not geographically descriptive reduced the number of people who became lost when trying to find one room in a large building.
This is the first comprehensive study of work in the home and methods for increasing its efficiency. Work in the Home draws together up-to-date and carefully verified information from several fields, including anatomy, physiology, physical education, anthropometry, psychology, industrial and human engineering, and home management. The meaning of ' h u m a n resources' is developed. As a result, the member or aspiring members of any profession or industry that endeavours to enhance the total aspect of living in the home will find this an extremely valuable source of information. The material throughout is organized around three major areas of study: the work, the worker, and the workplace. In each instance existing research is cited and discussed, and areas in which further research is needed are pointed out. Guides are given for functional design and arrangement of workplaces and the design of work methods. An extensive reference list is included.
Auditory displays 3.4.396 (60105) Walker, R.V. and Chalmers, D.K. The use of technical and non-technical language in communication. Journal o f Psychology, 1971, 78.1 st half, 6 5 - 7 1 . Experiments made to specify the psychological factors underlying the effectiveness of variations in technical and non-technical language on the evaluation and persuasibility of the communication.
Controls 3.4.397 (60110) Davies, B.T. and Watts Jr. J.M. Further investigations of movement ttme between brake and accelerator pedals in automobiles. Human Factors, Dec. 1970, 12.6, 559-561. This report presents the results of continued studies into the nonoptimality of the positional relationship of brake and accelerator pedals in contemporary automobiles. Ten female subjects were tested to determine how long it takes to move the foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal under four conditions involving variations in brake pedal height. Experimental results indicated: ( 1) a reduction in stopping distance of upwards of 10 ft (3 m) could be effected at high speeds, (2) seat height had no effect on movement time of foot from accelerator to brake pedal in the case of female drivers, and (3) movement times for female drivers when compared with previous experiments on male drivers are the .same when the brake pedal is 6 in (152 ram) higher than the accelerator but are 25% slower when the pedals are in the same horizontal plane.
Workspace layout and equipment design 3.4.398 (60120) Steidl, R.E. and Bratton, E.C. Work in the home. Published by John Wiley & Sons
3.4.399 (60126) Department of Employment and Productivity Seats for workers in factories, offices and shops. Health and Safety at Work, No. 45, 1970, 49 pp.; abstr, in Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts. This booklet emphasises the importance of good seating for the health and efficiency of workers, and gives advice on the choice of appropriate seats based on the experience of H M Factory Inspectorate and information from various sources including.the Industrial Health Research Board, the Medical Research Council and the British Standards Institution. Seating is discussed in relation to various types of work and many types of seat in current use are illustrated. Short sections cover: legal requirements; general principles (good sitting posture, change of posture); seats for work (design and construction); adjustment of seat, work layout and machines; seats for occasional use; seats for canteens and messrooms; office seating, desks and tables. Appendices reproduce legal texts and provide a bibliography. 3.4.400 (60133) Andlauer, P., Eymer, A. and Perrone, J. Designing the layout of a driver's cabin for a 250-ton overhead
travelling crane (Amenagement d'une Cabine de Conduite d ' u n Pont Roulant de 250 t.) (In French). Archives des Maladies Professionnelles, Paris, J a n . - F e b . 1971, 3 2 . 1 - 2 , 2 1 4 - 2 1 8 ; abstr, in Occupational Safety and Health A bstracts. Presentation, with supporting illustrations, of a practical example of the ergonomics training of engineers and industrial physicians under practical conditions: designing the layout of a cabin for a 250-ton overhead travelling crane used for difficult lifting operations. The problems to be resolved were two: the fact that different drivers would be driving the crane at different times and the question of the driver's posture. By means of a model and in consultation with crane-drivers themselves, it was possible to resolve these two problems. The discussion is reproduced.
Illumination 3.4.401 (60140) Owens, P.G.T. Pilkington environmental advisory service. Lighting Research and Technology, 1971, 3 . 3 , 2 3 6 - 2 3 7 . The main objective of the Environmental Advisory Service of Pilkington Ltd is to assist architects and engineers, engaged in building design, on environmental problems associated with the windows.
3.4.402 (60150) Loef, C. The effect of light on workers and work in textile mills. (In German). Melliand Textilberichte International, 1971, 5 2 . 7 , 8 6 3 - 8 6 8 ; abstr, in World Textile A bstracts. The influence of light affects not only the visual functions such as sight, capability of detecting illuminating power variations, colour sense, etc., but also some internal body secretions controlled by the eye through ganglion cells (hormone secretion, water conservation in the body, and fat metabolism). All these factors influence the ability to perform and the fatigue of workers and their safety in operation. The influence of light is both quantitative (intensity of illumination) and qualitative (freedom from dazzle and shadow effect), The intensity of illumination and the colour of the light are important factors at production control centres. Bleaching of fabrics
Applied Ergonomics December 1972
243