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THE WANDERING CELLS OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL
THE LAW AS TO DY]
248 THE LANCET,]
unless largely intermixed with salt, while it is the firm belief of the residents that to be limited in their supply of this mineral adjunct to their diet produces a sort of dyscrasia. So that the order will touch the insurgents in a particularly delicate spot; for, while it will put their women and children to serious privation if it is rigidly obeyed (which, in view of the success of the rebel arms, we may be certain it will not be), the troubles of the mothers will be aggravated by the haunting apprehension that not starvation alone but disease is hanging over their offspring. For any food they may obtain elsewhere will have to be eaten without salt. It is impossible not to hold that such an order is brutal, though all who are conversant with the history of the colony and the late rebellion admit that Spain has had a terribly hard and exasperating task, and still has that task, before her.
discrete
granules, which stain with acid dyes ; the basophile cell, with discrete granules, staining with basic dyes; and hyaline cells, which do not form discrete granules.
1
THE LAW AS TO DYING DECLARATIONS. AT the Wiltshire Assize, held last week, Emily Lazenby, and Edwin Scriven were charged with the wilful murder of Martha Scriven at Swindon. There was a second charge against Lazenby of feloniously using a certain instrument, and Stretch and Scriven were charged with aiding and procuring Lazenby to commit the felony. The magistrate’s clerk gave evidence as to the taking of the dying depositions of the woman. She stated that she made the declaration in the fear of death and of immediate death. Some considerable controversy took place between counsel as to the admissibility of this declaration, on the ground put forward by the defence that the woman did not believe that she was immediately dying. The medical attendant’ deposed to telling the woman repeatedly that she was dying. There was one clause in the declaration, I I I might get better; I mean to have a good try." It was contended that this proved that the woman was not in hopeless expectation of: immediate death, and Mr. Commissioner Bosanquet, Q.C.,, decided to disallow the document as a dying declaration as; against all three prisoners, but admitted it as evidence against the two women, because they were present at the time it was read over to her, and he declined to grant a case for the higher courts on this point. A verdict of ’’ Manslaughter" was returned, and the woman Lazenby was sentenced to seven years’ penal servitude and the other two prisoners to five years’ penal servitude each.
Mary Stretch,
As these cells are all derived from the mesoblast the term "sporadic mesoblast"has been applied to them. One of the writers of the communication referred to, Mr. Hardy, and Dr. Kanthack have recognised two of these groupsnamely, a haemal group belonging to the blood system, and a coelomic group related to the great ccelomic spaces and a closely related structure, the peripheral lymph system. The paper under notice is devoted to the consideration of the minute structure and function of those wandering cells which lie in the interspaces of the mucous coat of the gut and of the relation of these cells to the ccelomic and haemal groups. The writers suggest the name of splanchnic cells for them. The oxyphile splanchnic cells are spheroidal with a spherical or horseshoe-shaped nucleus, resembling in this particular the coarsely granular oxyphile cell. The cell substance is crowded with discrete granules which stain with acid dyes. These cells chiefly wander into the crypt epithelium. The splanchnic basophile cells are especially’ numerous in the carnivora, a single villus in a dog containing as The granule substance is remarkable many as 500. for its extreme instability in presence of even small quantities of water. Hence the gut has to be de. hydrated rapidly with absolute alcohol if they are to be preserved. The cells vary much in shape, but are usually flattened conformably to the surface of the gut, and the cell substance is crowded with granules. They are smaller than the coelomic basophile cells. They form in carnivora an almost continuous layer beneath the epithelium of the villi, but are more scattered through the substance of the villi in herbivora. The splanchnic hyaline cells are very numerous and are spheroidal or polygonal in form, with a rounded nucleus, and readily take up iron compounds. They chiefly wander into the epithelium of the villi. The cells, although the writers put forward their opinions with all reserve, collectively appear to undergo changes in total and relative number, in the size and composition of their granules, and in their distribution as influenced by their own proper movement in the mucous coat. They seem to be affected by the presence of food in the gut, by its absence, and by the extent to which the gut is invaded by microcosms. INDIA AND ITS SANITARY SERVICE.
THE WANDERING To
CELLS OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL
recent number of the Jonrnal
of Physiology W. B. Hardy, M.A., and F. F. Wesbrook, M.D., contribute an interesting paper on the Wandering Cells of the Alimentary Canal. One of the results of modern microscopical investigation is to show that to obtain successful sections it is essential that the tissue should be taken from the body and plunged into the fixing solution as quickly as possible after death, a few minutes more or less materially modifying the appearances presented. Accordingly, Mr. Hardy and Dr. Wesbrook removed the portion of gut intended for examinaa
tion within, at most, a minute after the cessation of the blood flow. The section was then fixed with absolute alcohol and a saturated solution of corrosive sublimate in a 0’6 per cent. salt solution at a temperature of 212° F., though in some nstances gold chloride and osmic acid vapour were employed. The staining agents used were chiefly Ehrlich’s neutral mixture and the Ehrlich-Biondi mixture, but many acid and basic stains were also employed. Now, in the bodies of all the higher Metazoa there is a tissue composed of isolated units of which each cell is endowed with amoeboid movement and has its home in the fluids of the body, and three kinds of these cells have been differentiated the oxyphile cell, bearing -
THE late announcement of the Government of India, dealing with the reorganisation of the sanitary department and the establishment of a bacteriological institute at Agra, has not escaped a good deal of adverse criticism in India, especially on the part of the medical services in that country. Without at all depreciating the scientific reputation and ability of Mr. Hankin or the services he, has rendered in connexion with practical bacteriology, it is contended that Brigade-Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel D. D. Cunningham’s claims have not received the recognition they merit from the Government of India. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society, was the recipient in 1895 of the Stewart Prize, the award of the British Medical Association, and in addition to being the head of his batch at Netley, and having been afterwards highly trained abroad, he has great Indian experience and a long record of original scientific work. People are asking, What is the use of all this and of Netley and its system of training if the Indian Government has to go outside its own service to get its work done ?? We understand, however, that while Mr. Hankin is to direct the institute of bacteriology at Agra, Brigade-Surgeon Lieutenant-Colonel D. D. Cunningham is to undertake a similar duty at Calcutta to that which he has long carried on there. There is quite enough work to occupy the labours of both gentlemen, and the medical profession in India will no
248 THE LANCET,]
unless largely intermixed with salt, while it is the firm belief of the residents that to be limited in their supply of this mineral adjunct to their diet produces a sort of dyscrasia. So that the order will touch the insurgents in a particularly delicate spot; for, while it will put their women and children to serious privation if it is rigidly obeyed (which, in view of the success of the rebel arms, we may be certain it will not be), the troubles of the mothers will be aggravated by the haunting apprehension that not starvation alone but disease is hanging over their offspring. For any food they may obtain elsewhere will have to be eaten without salt. It is impossible not to hold that such an order is brutal, though all who are conversant with the history of the colony and the late rebellion admit that Spain has had a terribly hard and exasperating task, and still has that task, before her.
discrete
granules, which stain with acid dyes ; the basophile cell, with discrete granules, staining with basic dyes; and hyaline cells, which do not form discrete granules.
1
THE LAW AS TO DYING DECLARATIONS. AT the Wiltshire Assize, held last week, Emily Lazenby, and Edwin Scriven were charged with the wilful murder of Martha Scriven at Swindon. There was a second charge against Lazenby of feloniously using a certain instrument, and Stretch and Scriven were charged with aiding and procuring Lazenby to commit the felony. The magistrate’s clerk gave evidence as to the taking of the dying depositions of the woman. She stated that she made the declaration in the fear of death and of immediate death. Some considerable controversy took place between counsel as to the admissibility of this declaration, on the ground put forward by the defence that the woman did not believe that she was immediately dying. The medical attendant’ deposed to telling the woman repeatedly that she was dying. There was one clause in the declaration, I I I might get better; I mean to have a good try." It was contended that this proved that the woman was not in hopeless expectation of: immediate death, and Mr. Commissioner Bosanquet, Q.C.,, decided to disallow the document as a dying declaration as; against all three prisoners, but admitted it as evidence against the two women, because they were present at the time it was read over to her, and he declined to grant a case for the higher courts on this point. A verdict of ’’ Manslaughter" was returned, and the woman Lazenby was sentenced to seven years’ penal servitude and the other two prisoners to five years’ penal servitude each.
Mary Stretch,
As these cells are all derived from the mesoblast the term "sporadic mesoblast"has been applied to them. One of the writers of the communication referred to, Mr. Hardy, and Dr. Kanthack have recognised two of these groupsnamely, a haemal group belonging to the blood system, and a coelomic group related to the great ccelomic spaces and a closely related structure, the peripheral lymph system. The paper under notice is devoted to the consideration of the minute structure and function of those wandering cells which lie in the interspaces of the mucous coat of the gut and of the relation of these cells to the ccelomic and haemal groups. The writers suggest the name of splanchnic cells for them. The oxyphile splanchnic cells are spheroidal with a spherical or horseshoe-shaped nucleus, resembling in this particular the coarsely granular oxyphile cell. The cell substance is crowded with discrete granules which stain with acid dyes. These cells chiefly wander into the crypt epithelium. The splanchnic basophile cells are especially’ numerous in the carnivora, a single villus in a dog containing as The granule substance is remarkable many as 500. for its extreme instability in presence of even small quantities of water. Hence the gut has to be de. hydrated rapidly with absolute alcohol if they are to be preserved. The cells vary much in shape, but are usually flattened conformably to the surface of the gut, and the cell substance is crowded with granules. They are smaller than the coelomic basophile cells. They form in carnivora an almost continuous layer beneath the epithelium of the villi, but are more scattered through the substance of the villi in herbivora. The splanchnic hyaline cells are very numerous and are spheroidal or polygonal in form, with a rounded nucleus, and readily take up iron compounds. They chiefly wander into the epithelium of the villi. The cells, although the writers put forward their opinions with all reserve, collectively appear to undergo changes in total and relative number, in the size and composition of their granules, and in their distribution as influenced by their own proper movement in the mucous coat. They seem to be affected by the presence of food in the gut, by its absence, and by the extent to which the gut is invaded by microcosms. INDIA AND ITS SANITARY SERVICE.
THE WANDERING To
CELLS OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL
recent number of the Jonrnal
of Physiology W. B. Hardy, M.A., and F. F. Wesbrook, M.D., contribute an interesting paper on the Wandering Cells of the Alimentary Canal. One of the results of modern microscopical investigation is to show that to obtain successful sections it is essential that the tissue should be taken from the body and plunged into the fixing solution as quickly as possible after death, a few minutes more or less materially modifying the appearances presented. Accordingly, Mr. Hardy and Dr. Wesbrook removed the portion of gut intended for examinaa
tion within, at most, a minute after the cessation of the blood flow. The section was then fixed with absolute alcohol and a saturated solution of corrosive sublimate in a 0’6 per cent. salt solution at a temperature of 212° F., though in some nstances gold chloride and osmic acid vapour were employed. The staining agents used were chiefly Ehrlich’s neutral mixture and the Ehrlich-Biondi mixture, but many acid and basic stains were also employed. Now, in the bodies of all the higher Metazoa there is a tissue composed of isolated units of which each cell is endowed with amoeboid movement and has its home in the fluids of the body, and three kinds of these cells have been differentiated the oxyphile cell, bearing -
THE late announcement of the Government of India, dealing with the reorganisation of the sanitary department and the establishment of a bacteriological institute at Agra, has not escaped a good deal of adverse criticism in India, especially on the part of the medical services in that country. Without at all depreciating the scientific reputation and ability of Mr. Hankin or the services he, has rendered in connexion with practical bacteriology, it is contended that Brigade-Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel D. D. Cunningham’s claims have not received the recognition they merit from the Government of India. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society, was the recipient in 1895 of the Stewart Prize, the award of the British Medical Association, and in addition to being the head of his batch at Netley, and having been afterwards highly trained abroad, he has great Indian experience and a long record of original scientific work. People are asking, What is the use of all this and of Netley and its system of training if the Indian Government has to go outside its own service to get its work done ?? We understand, however, that while Mr. Hankin is to direct the institute of bacteriology at Agra, Brigade-Surgeon Lieutenant-Colonel D. D. Cunningham is to undertake a similar duty at Calcutta to that which he has long carried on there. There is quite enough work to occupy the labours of both gentlemen, and the medical profession in India will no