- Email: [email protected]
Theory
DOCUMENTATION Searching. V. L. Bond, C. M. Bowman, L. C. Davison, et al. (Systems Research, The Dow Chemical Company). Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Science, November 1979, Vol.19, No.4, pp.241-234, I1 fig., bibl. (9 ref.). An improved interactive system for searching substructure and biological activity data has been developed. Features of the system include a two-level substructure search (fragment screen and atom by atom) and an expanded biological activity data base. The system operates on a file of about 150 000 compounds. 19. Methods for chemical substance searching I - The basics. Charles Oppenheim. On-Line Dec. 1979, Vol.3, No.4, pp.381-387, ill. This paper describes the principles behind the search method possibilities for online data bases. In a subsequent paper, the actual available will be described.
online. Review, some of chemical methods
20. Present and Future Prospects for Structural Searching of the Journal and Patent Literature. John A. Silk (Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd, Berkshire, England). Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, November 1979, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 195-198, 4 fig., bibl. (2 ref.). Available systems for structural searching of organic compounds in the journal and patent literature are briefly reviewed. From a survey of the various methods of substructure search it is concluded that an algorithmic notation able to deal with both specific and generic descriptions of structure could be an extremely valuable development. 21. Problems of Creating and Using Systems for Preliminary Patent Searches [Probleme beim Aufbau und bei der Nutzung von Patentvorrecherchesystemen]. Reinhard Schramm. Informatik, 1980, Vo1.27, No.2, pp. 9-13, in German, 3 tables. (First of an announced series of three articles) Author investigates the feasibility of performing certain types of patent searches, in particular preliminary assessments of the state-of-the-art as to be made in early phases of research work, by using regional patent libraries with restricted files. This is intended for saving costs and disburdening the heavily frequented GDR central patent library at the AFEP, Berlin. On the basis of a thorough discussion of the information contained in patent documents, the different types of patent searches and the documentation needed therefore, conclusions are drawn as to the minimum content of a regional patent library under creation at Ilmenau/Thuringia, the files to be maintained being WO. EP, DD, 186
DE (full text documents, last 10 years), FR, JP, SW, US classified abstracts, last 10 years, during a first phase for Sections G and H only). Possible ways for further rationalization are men tioned. Author proposes to use INPADOC data for assessing the importance of the patent documents of a given country. This is done by calculating the percentage of “patent famihes” having a “family member” published in the given country out of the total of existing patent families having three or more members and, therefore, to be considered as of potential importance. 22. The Dart Pluridata System: The r3 C-n.m.r. Data Bank. J. E. Dubois and J. C. Bonnet (ITODYS, Universite Paris VII). Analytica Chimica Acta, Computer Techniques and Optimization, 1979, Vol. 112, No. 3, pp.245-252, 5 fig., bibl. (7 ref.). The capabilities of the DARC system are discussed and illustrated by the storage and retrieval functions of the 13C.-n.m.r. data bank of the DARC PLURIDATA system. The data covered by the bank, as well as the input stream to the bank and validation of the spectra, are described. Particular stress is laid on the DARC structural retrieval system, which illustrates the interactive interrogation of a chemical data bank by means of the structural diagram of a molecule, i.e. the universal language in chemistry, The potential of the 33Cn.m.r. data bank in computer-aided structural elucidation is outlined. Theory 23. A Citation Study of Computer Science Literature. G. Salton and D. Bergmark. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, September 1979, Vol. PC-22, No.3, pp.146-158, 3 fig., 7 tables, bibl. (36 ref.) The bibliographic references and citations which exist among documents in a given document collection can be used to study the history and scope of particular subject areas and to assess the importance of individual authors, documents, and journals. A clustering study of computer science literature is described, using bibliographic citations as a clustering criterion, and conclusions are drawn regarding the scope of computer science and the characteristics of individual documents in the area. In particular, the clustering characteristics lead to a distinction between core and fringe areas in the field and to the identification of particularI>. influential articles. 24. Actuality and Obsolescence of Scientific Literature. Aurel Avramcscu (R-71956 BucurestiOtopeni, World
Patenr Infomlation
2 (1980)
No. 4
Documentation
DOCUMENTATION Romania). Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Sept. 1979, Vol. 30, No.5, pp. 296303, 4 fig., 3 tables, bibl. (17 ref.) In order to explain the much increased citation frequency of recently published articles in respect to the normal exponential decay of older articles, the scientific information diffusion theory is used. The obsolescence rate results by combining the Gaussian normal distribution with the exponentially decreasing rate of the number of articles with age. For recently published works supplementary adjustments are necessary: first, in order to have the citation number start at zero at the start of counting, and second, in order to reach the sixfold citation climax two years before it. All peculiarities exhibited by experimental survey data have been properly reproduced by making plausible assumptions suggested by the diffusion theory, such as preference of virtual authors to directly read recent articles, preference for verbal cross-communication with colleagues, and increased preference for the newest articles in fields of personal interest. The latter preference is damped in the case of older articles since virtual authors prefer to consult the scientific community or review books. The results do confirm once more the reliability of the scientific information diffusion model. 25. An Information Approach to Examining Developments in an Energy Technology: Coal Gasification. J. Davidson Frame and John J. Baum (Computer Horizons, Washington) and Michael Card (Office of Policy and Evaluation, Department of Energy, Washington). Journal of the American Society for Information Science, July 1979, Vo1.30, No.4, pp.193-201, 3 fig., 8 tables, bibl. (3 ref.). Developments in coal gasification research are investigated in this article by examining the coal gasification literature, which is broadly defined to include journal articles, research reports, engineering proceedings, and patents. A substantial number of items were found for 1974, 1975, and the early part of 1976 (N = 1461). The coal gasification literature has experienced explosive growth in recent years, trebling in size between 1972 and 1974. 26. Idea Tactics. Marcia J. Bates (School of Librarianship, University of Washington, Seattle). Journal of the American Society for Information Science, September 1979, Vo1.30, No.5, pp.280-289, 1 table, bibl. (20 ref.) An information search tactic is a move made to further a search. In this article, 17 ‘idea tactics’ are presented: tactics to help generate new ideas or soluWorld Patent lnfomation
2 (1980)
No. 4
Documentation
tions to problems in information searching. The focus of these tactics is psychological; they are intended to help improve the information specialist’s thinking and creative processes in searching. The tactics are applicable to all kinds of situations - both bibliographic and reference searches, and in both manual and on-line systems. Research leads for the study of idea tactics are suggested, and experimental design problems associated with the testing of all sorts of search tactics are discussed. 27. Information retrieval language for patent retrieval. M. A. Bunova. Nauchno-Tekhnicheskaya informatsiya, Seriya 1, 1980, No.3, pp. 8-14, 10 tables, bibl. (27 ref.), in Russian. Describes the research on the lexic, structure and paradigmatic of the artificial language used in patent retrieval. Methods of artificial language creation are developed taking into account the demands of patent retrieval when investigating the inventions novelty, patent purity and technical level. The language created improves the precision of subject inquiries translation into the inventions classifying language by increasing the completeness of the artificial language’s input vocabulary, introducing the structure of complex headings and extending the paradigmatic apparatus. 28. The Half-Life of the Chemical Literature. Pauline Brown (Flinders University of South Australia). Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1980, Vol. 31, No.1, pp.61-63, 2 fig., 2 tables, bibl. (I 3 ref.). The average citation per article in chemistry, by, age of citation is related to the Poisson frequency distribution. This provides a formula for calculation of a halflife for chemistry the research front
which depends on the structure exhibited in the literature.
of
29. Japanese scientific and technical literature and its reflection in VINITI information services. T.O. Kim and I. G. Yur’ev. Nauchno-teknicheskaya Informatsiya, Seriya 1, 1980, No.2, pp.21-22. bibl. (7 ref.). After World War II the number of scientific and technical periodicals and serials in Japan increased greatly. On the basis of published data the distribution of publications to different branches of scientific and technical knowledge, as well as the ways of their dissemination in Japan and abroad are described, Users of patent
information
30. Online regional in the Loockheed,
and on-site training opportunities SDC and BRS Systems and their 187
online. Review, some of chemical methods
20. Present and Future Prospects for Structural Searching of the Journal and Patent Literature. John A. Silk (Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd, Berkshire, England). Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, November 1979, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 195-198, 4 fig., bibl. (2 ref.). Available systems for structural searching of organic compounds in the journal and patent literature are briefly reviewed. From a survey of the various methods of substructure search it is concluded that an algorithmic notation able to deal with both specific and generic descriptions of structure could be an extremely valuable development. 21. Problems of Creating and Using Systems for Preliminary Patent Searches [Probleme beim Aufbau und bei der Nutzung von Patentvorrecherchesystemen]. Reinhard Schramm. Informatik, 1980, Vo1.27, No.2, pp. 9-13, in German, 3 tables. (First of an announced series of three articles) Author investigates the feasibility of performing certain types of patent searches, in particular preliminary assessments of the state-of-the-art as to be made in early phases of research work, by using regional patent libraries with restricted files. This is intended for saving costs and disburdening the heavily frequented GDR central patent library at the AFEP, Berlin. On the basis of a thorough discussion of the information contained in patent documents, the different types of patent searches and the documentation needed therefore, conclusions are drawn as to the minimum content of a regional patent library under creation at Ilmenau/Thuringia, the files to be maintained being WO. EP, DD, 186
DE (full text documents, last 10 years), FR, JP, SW, US classified abstracts, last 10 years, during a first phase for Sections G and H only). Possible ways for further rationalization are men tioned. Author proposes to use INPADOC data for assessing the importance of the patent documents of a given country. This is done by calculating the percentage of “patent famihes” having a “family member” published in the given country out of the total of existing patent families having three or more members and, therefore, to be considered as of potential importance. 22. The Dart Pluridata System: The r3 C-n.m.r. Data Bank. J. E. Dubois and J. C. Bonnet (ITODYS, Universite Paris VII). Analytica Chimica Acta, Computer Techniques and Optimization, 1979, Vol. 112, No. 3, pp.245-252, 5 fig., bibl. (7 ref.). The capabilities of the DARC system are discussed and illustrated by the storage and retrieval functions of the 13C.-n.m.r. data bank of the DARC PLURIDATA system. The data covered by the bank, as well as the input stream to the bank and validation of the spectra, are described. Particular stress is laid on the DARC structural retrieval system, which illustrates the interactive interrogation of a chemical data bank by means of the structural diagram of a molecule, i.e. the universal language in chemistry, The potential of the 33Cn.m.r. data bank in computer-aided structural elucidation is outlined. Theory 23. A Citation Study of Computer Science Literature. G. Salton and D. Bergmark. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, September 1979, Vol. PC-22, No.3, pp.146-158, 3 fig., 7 tables, bibl. (36 ref.) The bibliographic references and citations which exist among documents in a given document collection can be used to study the history and scope of particular subject areas and to assess the importance of individual authors, documents, and journals. A clustering study of computer science literature is described, using bibliographic citations as a clustering criterion, and conclusions are drawn regarding the scope of computer science and the characteristics of individual documents in the area. In particular, the clustering characteristics lead to a distinction between core and fringe areas in the field and to the identification of particularI>. influential articles. 24. Actuality and Obsolescence of Scientific Literature. Aurel Avramcscu (R-71956 BucurestiOtopeni, World
Patenr Infomlation
2 (1980)
No. 4
Documentation
DOCUMENTATION Romania). Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Sept. 1979, Vol. 30, No.5, pp. 296303, 4 fig., 3 tables, bibl. (17 ref.) In order to explain the much increased citation frequency of recently published articles in respect to the normal exponential decay of older articles, the scientific information diffusion theory is used. The obsolescence rate results by combining the Gaussian normal distribution with the exponentially decreasing rate of the number of articles with age. For recently published works supplementary adjustments are necessary: first, in order to have the citation number start at zero at the start of counting, and second, in order to reach the sixfold citation climax two years before it. All peculiarities exhibited by experimental survey data have been properly reproduced by making plausible assumptions suggested by the diffusion theory, such as preference of virtual authors to directly read recent articles, preference for verbal cross-communication with colleagues, and increased preference for the newest articles in fields of personal interest. The latter preference is damped in the case of older articles since virtual authors prefer to consult the scientific community or review books. The results do confirm once more the reliability of the scientific information diffusion model. 25. An Information Approach to Examining Developments in an Energy Technology: Coal Gasification. J. Davidson Frame and John J. Baum (Computer Horizons, Washington) and Michael Card (Office of Policy and Evaluation, Department of Energy, Washington). Journal of the American Society for Information Science, July 1979, Vo1.30, No.4, pp.193-201, 3 fig., 8 tables, bibl. (3 ref.). Developments in coal gasification research are investigated in this article by examining the coal gasification literature, which is broadly defined to include journal articles, research reports, engineering proceedings, and patents. A substantial number of items were found for 1974, 1975, and the early part of 1976 (N = 1461). The coal gasification literature has experienced explosive growth in recent years, trebling in size between 1972 and 1974. 26. Idea Tactics. Marcia J. Bates (School of Librarianship, University of Washington, Seattle). Journal of the American Society for Information Science, September 1979, Vo1.30, No.5, pp.280-289, 1 table, bibl. (20 ref.) An information search tactic is a move made to further a search. In this article, 17 ‘idea tactics’ are presented: tactics to help generate new ideas or soluWorld Patent lnfomation
2 (1980)
No. 4
Documentation
tions to problems in information searching. The focus of these tactics is psychological; they are intended to help improve the information specialist’s thinking and creative processes in searching. The tactics are applicable to all kinds of situations - both bibliographic and reference searches, and in both manual and on-line systems. Research leads for the study of idea tactics are suggested, and experimental design problems associated with the testing of all sorts of search tactics are discussed. 27. Information retrieval language for patent retrieval. M. A. Bunova. Nauchno-Tekhnicheskaya informatsiya, Seriya 1, 1980, No.3, pp. 8-14, 10 tables, bibl. (27 ref.), in Russian. Describes the research on the lexic, structure and paradigmatic of the artificial language used in patent retrieval. Methods of artificial language creation are developed taking into account the demands of patent retrieval when investigating the inventions novelty, patent purity and technical level. The language created improves the precision of subject inquiries translation into the inventions classifying language by increasing the completeness of the artificial language’s input vocabulary, introducing the structure of complex headings and extending the paradigmatic apparatus. 28. The Half-Life of the Chemical Literature. Pauline Brown (Flinders University of South Australia). Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1980, Vol. 31, No.1, pp.61-63, 2 fig., 2 tables, bibl. (I 3 ref.). The average citation per article in chemistry, by, age of citation is related to the Poisson frequency distribution. This provides a formula for calculation of a halflife for chemistry the research front
which depends on the structure exhibited in the literature.
of
29. Japanese scientific and technical literature and its reflection in VINITI information services. T.O. Kim and I. G. Yur’ev. Nauchno-teknicheskaya Informatsiya, Seriya 1, 1980, No.2, pp.21-22. bibl. (7 ref.). After World War II the number of scientific and technical periodicals and serials in Japan increased greatly. On the basis of published data the distribution of publications to different branches of scientific and technical knowledge, as well as the ways of their dissemination in Japan and abroad are described, Users of patent
information
30. Online regional in the Loockheed,
and on-site training opportunities SDC and BRS Systems and their 187