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Theory of vapour pressure determination by the Knudsen method
Classified abstracts 10-22 results obtained by the m e t h o d of secondary ion-ion emission under a n a l o g o u s conditions of m o l y b d e n u m oxidation and the changes in the characteristic energy losses are explained on the basis of data on chemical c o m p o s i t i o n a n d kinetics o f f o r m a t i o n of oxide coating on m o l y b d e n u m surface obtained by the secondary ion ion emission method. V V Zashkvara et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 ( I l L 1971, 3376-3380 (in
Russian). 16 10. lonie, thermally stimulated conductivity on the surface of dielectrics and semiconductors. (USSR) T h e r m a l l y stimulated surface conductivity o f glass, glass-ceramics a n d mica is investigated at 10 -'5 tort. A n o m a l o u s l y high peaks in the range 200-250°K o f thermally stimulated conductivity produced considerable pressure increases in the v a c u u m cryostat. It is s u p p o s e d that adsorbed water v a p o u r on the surface o f dielectrics and semiconductors causes the a n o m a l o u s l y high thermally stimulated conductivity peaks. I A Karpovich and G M Gasanbekov, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (12), 1971, 3713-3714 (in Russian). 16 1 !. Formation of electron energy loss spectra in Fe, Co and Ni. ( U S S R ) Influence o f surface oxide film f o r m a t i o n on Fe, Co a n d Ni on the spectra of characteristic energy losses of electrons is studied. T h e spectra of electron energy losses in oxides of Fe, Co a n d Ni are investigated. T h e C o O film was prepared by oxidizing the Co film in v a c u u m at 2 10--0 torr and 150°C for 1 h. E A Bakulin et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (12), 1971,3689--3691 (in Russian). 17. T H E R M O D Y N A M I C S 17 12. Theory of vapoar pressure determination by the Knudsen method. (USSR) T h e evaporation rate from a right cylindrical c h a m b e r is calculated as a function of charging depth. T h e b o t t o m o f the c h a m b e r is wholly covered by the investigated substance. V a p o u r effusion proceeds t h r o u g h a central circular opening in the cap o f the c h a m b e r . A m e t h o d o f direct solution of integral e q u a t i o n s is employed describing molecular flows in the system a n d taking into account multiple relevaporation and reflection of molecules f r o m the b o t t o m , side walls a n d the cap, according to the cosine law. T h e calculated results are verified by experimental data on the effusion rate o f zinc vapour. It is s h o w n that the equations appearing in the literature for the deviation o f determined v a p o u r pressure from the equilibrium pressure in highly charged effusion cells are not correct. P I Ozhegov et al, Zavodsk Lah, 38 (1), 1972, 41 43 (in Russian). 18. G A S E O U S E L E C T R O N I C S 18 13. Capture and loss of electrons by fast atoms and ions of nitrogen and oxygen in air, nitrogen and oxygen. (USSR) T h e cross section of electron capture by N + a n d O + ions, the cross section o f loss o f one a n d two electrons o f N and O a t o m s a n d the cross section o f loss o f electron o f N + a n d O ~ ions are m e a s u r e d in air, nitrogen a n d oxygen in the energy range o f 28 180 keV. A monoenergetic beam o f fast ions or a t o m s was generated in a special c h a m b e r filled with air to 10 '~ tort. Residual gas pressure in the collision c h a m b e r was 2 • 10 -6 tort a n d the target gas was a d m i t t e d into the collision c h a m b e r to pressure of 1 ~ .: 10 -~ torr. E S Solovev et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (2), Feb 1972, 336-339 (in Russian). 18 14. Structure and work function of antimony films on (100) face of tungsten. ( U S S R ) Structure of a n t i m o n y films on the (100) face o f tungsten is investigated with the aid o f L E E D . Variations in the work function during a n t i m o n y condensation are also measured. It is f o u n d that for r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e c o n d e n s a t i o n on t u n g s t e n the p(2 ,i 2) structure with a degree of 0.25 c o r r e s p o n d s to a change of work function by 0.05 eV. At the degree of coverage o f 0.5 the c(2 2) structure with m a x i m u m intensity o f reflections is f o r m e d with a work function change by 0.2 eV. F u r t h e r deposition of Sb results gradually in the structure p(l < 1) a n d suppression of all reflections, which m e a n s that films with the limiting value of work function o f 4.55 eV are anaor32
phous. The r n a x i m u m work function c o r r e s p o n d s to a degree of coverage of 0.8. In Sb c o n d e n s a t i o n on t u n g s t e n crystals heated to 150rC the s a m e structures are observed, but the work function behaviour is different. D A Gorodetskiy and A A Yasko, Fiz Tverd Tela. 13 ( I l L 1971, 3462-3464 (in Russian~,. 18 15. Transient processes in the field electron emission of p-germanium. (USSR) T h e shape of the field electron emission pulse a n d field emission patterns o f p - G e are observed simultaneously using an experimental device evacuated to 10 - ° torr. Experimental results are discussed. N V Mileshkina et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 ( I l L 1971, 3422-3425 (in
Russian). 18 16. Adsorption of gold on atomically clean germanium surface. (USS R) A d s o r p t i o n o f gold on atomically clean n- a n d p - g e r m a n i u m surface and on g e r m a n i u m films on t u n g s t e n is investigated in a field electron microscope. Emitter surface was cleaned by field desorption. Only slight decrease o f the field emission current occurs at early Au coverages. At further adsorption an increase of the field emission current a n d decrease of the slope of v o l t - a m p e r e characteristics are observed. R Z Bakhtizin et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (12), 1971, 3731 3733 (in
Russian). 18 17. Investigation of drift-dissipative instability in a bounded gasdischarge plasma. (USSR) T h e results of an experimental investigation of low-frequency oscillations of weakly ionized plasma with density o f 109 to 10 TM cm -:~, gas pressure o f 5 10 -3 to 5 10 ~ torr, immersed in magnetic field o f 200-2000 Oe a n d b o u n d e d by c o n d u c t i n g walls are presented. V G Naumovets et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (2), Feb 1972, 270-274 (in
Russian). 18 18. Motion of ions in a magnetic field under the action of induced electric field. (USSR) M o t i o n o f helium ions in helium at 10 -2 to 10 -1 torr perpendicularly to a magnetic field, in the presence of an electric field, induced by a small alternating c o m p o n e n t of the magnetic field, is investigated. It is s h o w n that parametric resonance can cause accelerated m o t i o n o f the ions in the gas. L L Pasechnik et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (2), Feb 1972, 275-279 (in Russian). 18 19. Distribution of impurity vapour in the positive column of a glow discharge. (USSR) Small a n d high concentrations of metal vapour impurity in the positive c o l u m n o f a glow discharge are considered in the presence o f m a s s flow of the impurity. T h e axial distribution of the concentration of impurity a t o m s is calculated. N Ya Shaparev, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (1), Jan 1972, 209 210 (in Russian). 18 20. Low-frequency instability in a plasma with anisotropic electron temperature. (USSR) Low-frequency instability is experimentally studied in a low-pressure discharge in H g v a p o u r at 2 , 10 -'~ torr excited by s t a n d i n g ultra-high frequency wave near electron cyclotron resonance. Experimental results are discussed. K S Golovanivskiy and V D D u g a r - Z h a b o n , Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (2), Feh 1972, 4 5 2 ~ 5 4 (in Russian). 18 21. Rotational energy level distribution of N., ÷ ions produced in the ionization of N~ molecules by slow electrons. (USSR) T h e distribution of N2 + ions with respect to rotational energy levels is studied experimentally in a collision c h a m b e r at a nitrogen pressure o f 2.~ 10 -3 torr. N,. + ions were produced by ionization o f Ne molecules by 36-300 eV electrons. Experimental results are discussed. G N Polyakova et al, Zh Eksper Teor Fiz, 62 (1), Jan 1972, 57-60 (in
Russian). 18 22. Non-linear effects in synthesised plasma consisting of positive and negative ion beams. (USSR) Alteration in the individual velocity distribution functions due to
Russian). 16 10. lonie, thermally stimulated conductivity on the surface of dielectrics and semiconductors. (USSR) T h e r m a l l y stimulated surface conductivity o f glass, glass-ceramics a n d mica is investigated at 10 -'5 tort. A n o m a l o u s l y high peaks in the range 200-250°K o f thermally stimulated conductivity produced considerable pressure increases in the v a c u u m cryostat. It is s u p p o s e d that adsorbed water v a p o u r on the surface o f dielectrics and semiconductors causes the a n o m a l o u s l y high thermally stimulated conductivity peaks. I A Karpovich and G M Gasanbekov, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (12), 1971, 3713-3714 (in Russian). 16 1 !. Formation of electron energy loss spectra in Fe, Co and Ni. ( U S S R ) Influence o f surface oxide film f o r m a t i o n on Fe, Co a n d Ni on the spectra of characteristic energy losses of electrons is studied. T h e spectra of electron energy losses in oxides of Fe, Co a n d Ni are investigated. T h e C o O film was prepared by oxidizing the Co film in v a c u u m at 2 10--0 torr and 150°C for 1 h. E A Bakulin et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (12), 1971,3689--3691 (in Russian). 17. T H E R M O D Y N A M I C S 17 12. Theory of vapoar pressure determination by the Knudsen method. (USSR) T h e evaporation rate from a right cylindrical c h a m b e r is calculated as a function of charging depth. T h e b o t t o m o f the c h a m b e r is wholly covered by the investigated substance. V a p o u r effusion proceeds t h r o u g h a central circular opening in the cap o f the c h a m b e r . A m e t h o d o f direct solution of integral e q u a t i o n s is employed describing molecular flows in the system a n d taking into account multiple relevaporation and reflection of molecules f r o m the b o t t o m , side walls a n d the cap, according to the cosine law. T h e calculated results are verified by experimental data on the effusion rate o f zinc vapour. It is s h o w n that the equations appearing in the literature for the deviation o f determined v a p o u r pressure from the equilibrium pressure in highly charged effusion cells are not correct. P I Ozhegov et al, Zavodsk Lah, 38 (1), 1972, 41 43 (in Russian). 18. G A S E O U S E L E C T R O N I C S 18 13. Capture and loss of electrons by fast atoms and ions of nitrogen and oxygen in air, nitrogen and oxygen. (USSR) T h e cross section of electron capture by N + a n d O + ions, the cross section o f loss o f one a n d two electrons o f N and O a t o m s a n d the cross section o f loss o f electron o f N + a n d O ~ ions are m e a s u r e d in air, nitrogen a n d oxygen in the energy range o f 28 180 keV. A monoenergetic beam o f fast ions or a t o m s was generated in a special c h a m b e r filled with air to 10 '~ tort. Residual gas pressure in the collision c h a m b e r was 2 • 10 -6 tort a n d the target gas was a d m i t t e d into the collision c h a m b e r to pressure of 1 ~ .: 10 -~ torr. E S Solovev et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (2), Feb 1972, 336-339 (in Russian). 18 14. Structure and work function of antimony films on (100) face of tungsten. ( U S S R ) Structure of a n t i m o n y films on the (100) face o f tungsten is investigated with the aid o f L E E D . Variations in the work function during a n t i m o n y condensation are also measured. It is f o u n d that for r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e c o n d e n s a t i o n on t u n g s t e n the p(2 ,i 2) structure with a degree of 0.25 c o r r e s p o n d s to a change of work function by 0.05 eV. At the degree of coverage o f 0.5 the c(2 2) structure with m a x i m u m intensity o f reflections is f o r m e d with a work function change by 0.2 eV. F u r t h e r deposition of Sb results gradually in the structure p(l < 1) a n d suppression of all reflections, which m e a n s that films with the limiting value of work function o f 4.55 eV are anaor32
phous. The r n a x i m u m work function c o r r e s p o n d s to a degree of coverage of 0.8. In Sb c o n d e n s a t i o n on t u n g s t e n crystals heated to 150rC the s a m e structures are observed, but the work function behaviour is different. D A Gorodetskiy and A A Yasko, Fiz Tverd Tela. 13 ( I l L 1971, 3462-3464 (in Russian~,. 18 15. Transient processes in the field electron emission of p-germanium. (USSR) T h e shape of the field electron emission pulse a n d field emission patterns o f p - G e are observed simultaneously using an experimental device evacuated to 10 - ° torr. Experimental results are discussed. N V Mileshkina et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 ( I l L 1971, 3422-3425 (in
Russian). 18 16. Adsorption of gold on atomically clean germanium surface. (USS R) A d s o r p t i o n o f gold on atomically clean n- a n d p - g e r m a n i u m surface and on g e r m a n i u m films on t u n g s t e n is investigated in a field electron microscope. Emitter surface was cleaned by field desorption. Only slight decrease o f the field emission current occurs at early Au coverages. At further adsorption an increase of the field emission current a n d decrease of the slope of v o l t - a m p e r e characteristics are observed. R Z Bakhtizin et al, Fiz Tverd Tela, 13 (12), 1971, 3731 3733 (in
Russian). 18 17. Investigation of drift-dissipative instability in a bounded gasdischarge plasma. (USSR) T h e results of an experimental investigation of low-frequency oscillations of weakly ionized plasma with density o f 109 to 10 TM cm -:~, gas pressure o f 5 10 -3 to 5 10 ~ torr, immersed in magnetic field o f 200-2000 Oe a n d b o u n d e d by c o n d u c t i n g walls are presented. V G Naumovets et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (2), Feb 1972, 270-274 (in
Russian). 18 18. Motion of ions in a magnetic field under the action of induced electric field. (USSR) M o t i o n o f helium ions in helium at 10 -2 to 10 -1 torr perpendicularly to a magnetic field, in the presence of an electric field, induced by a small alternating c o m p o n e n t of the magnetic field, is investigated. It is s h o w n that parametric resonance can cause accelerated m o t i o n o f the ions in the gas. L L Pasechnik et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (2), Feb 1972, 275-279 (in Russian). 18 19. Distribution of impurity vapour in the positive column of a glow discharge. (USSR) Small a n d high concentrations of metal vapour impurity in the positive c o l u m n o f a glow discharge are considered in the presence o f m a s s flow of the impurity. T h e axial distribution of the concentration of impurity a t o m s is calculated. N Ya Shaparev, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (1), Jan 1972, 209 210 (in Russian). 18 20. Low-frequency instability in a plasma with anisotropic electron temperature. (USSR) Low-frequency instability is experimentally studied in a low-pressure discharge in H g v a p o u r at 2 , 10 -'~ torr excited by s t a n d i n g ultra-high frequency wave near electron cyclotron resonance. Experimental results are discussed. K S Golovanivskiy and V D D u g a r - Z h a b o n , Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (2), Feh 1972, 4 5 2 ~ 5 4 (in Russian). 18 21. Rotational energy level distribution of N., ÷ ions produced in the ionization of N~ molecules by slow electrons. (USSR) T h e distribution of N2 + ions with respect to rotational energy levels is studied experimentally in a collision c h a m b e r at a nitrogen pressure o f 2.~ 10 -3 torr. N,. + ions were produced by ionization o f Ne molecules by 36-300 eV electrons. Experimental results are discussed. G N Polyakova et al, Zh Eksper Teor Fiz, 62 (1), Jan 1972, 57-60 (in
Russian). 18 22. Non-linear effects in synthesised plasma consisting of positive and negative ion beams. (USSR) Alteration in the individual velocity distribution functions due to