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Thomas Malkin (1879–1961)
THOMAS
MALKIN
(1879 - 1961) death of Dr. T.Malkin, Reader in Organic Chemistry in the University of Bristol, joint editor of the six volumes of Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and OtRer Lipids, on 26 April 1961, has taken from the world of science an internationally recognized authority on lipid chemistry. He had been for some years intermittently subject to cardiac trouble, which he had borne with great fortitude, and had been ill for some weeks prior to his death, which occurred suddenly but peacefully, at his home in Bristol. He was a Lancastrian, his home town being Warrington where after leaving school he had worked for some time in the Laboratories of Joseph Crosfield & Son, soap manufacturers, here first encountering the long chain aliphatic compounds, on the chemistry of which he later had such great iufluence. He entered the Manchester College of Technology, and graduated after three years (B. SC. London), then undertaking a post-graduate research course in the University of Manchester, under Sir Robert Robinson, being awarded the degree of Ph.D. in 1926. In 1925 he joined the staff of the Department of Chemistry in the University of Bristol as a Research Assistant, where he remained for the rest of his life, subsequently becoming Lecturer, Senior Lecturer and Reader in 1945. He was awarded the degree of D.Sc. (London) in 1934. In his early yeara at Bristol, he carried out research in collaboration with the late Dr. M.Nierenstein, on topics related to the anthocyanidins, his interest in the subject being aroused by his work with Sir RobertRobinson whilst at Manchester University. There was at Bristol, at this time, a great interest in long chain compounds, the work being carried out by the late Professor F. Francis and his school, and Dr. Malkin joined Professor Francis in the investigation of higher fatty acids by the X-ray diffraction technique, a technique then recently introduced by Sir W. Bragg and his son. He then proceeded to investigate a wide range of long chain compounds, using thermal and X-ray diffraction techniques, and in 1931 put forward an explanation of the well known phenomena of the alternation in properties of long chain compounds in the solid state, dependent on whether the chain contained an even or odd number of carbon atoms. This work was extended to an examination of the glycrides (mono- di- and triglycerides, the latter two classes including both simple and mixed glycerides) and was published in a series of papers from 1926 to 1952. This pioneering work was of fundamental importance, both from the technical and theoretical viewpoint, and although on certain points the TEE
ix
Thomas
l&l&in
work has been criticised, there is no doubt of the value of the original cont(ributions of Dr. Ma&in to our knowledge in this field. The second world war caused a complete interruption of this work, and Dr. Ma&in worked as a member of the extra-mural research team formed in the University of Bristol to assist the Government Ordnance Factories in explosives and munitions research, and also served for some time as Senior Gas Adviser for the S. W. Region. In the post war years he became interested in the physical nature and chemical constitution of the phospholipids, and from 1950 onwards published a number of papers dealing with the synthesis of various phospholipids, including the cephalins, plasmalogens, sphingolipids and the inositol phospholipids. Dr. Malkin played an active part in the work of the Chemical Society, The Royal Institute of Chemistry, and The Society of Chemical Industry, being Chairman of the Oils and Fats group of the latter body, and serving at various times on the Councils of all three bodies. He was also a member of the Regional Council for Further Education for the South West, and a member of a number of Government Committees. He also lectured for many years at the Merchant Venturers Technical College iu Bristol. In 1960 at the Danzig Congress of the International Society of Fat Research he was elected President of the Sixth Congress of the Society to be held in London next year. He also recently completed a tour of a large number of Fat Research Institutes in Europe under the auspices of a Leverhulme Research Award, visits which afforded him great satisfaction. Dr. Ma&in inspired the members of his small research group with enthusiasm for research, and with affection for himself, and although always most approachable for advice, believed in allowing his students to use their owe initiative. He was a most kindly man with a great sense of humour, with wide interests outside his work, and although tenacious in argument there was never any hint of personal animosity. He was most happily married, and had the satisfaction of seeing his daughter and son successfully embarked on their chosen careers. He will be remembered with esteem and affection by his research students and fellow workers. T. H. BEVAS
LIST
OF
hJBLIC4TIONS
A synthesis of pyrylium salts of anthocyanidin type (T,Malkin and R.Robinson, J. Chem. Sot., 1925, 1190). An X-ray study of some structural modifications of long chain compounds (S. H. Piper, T.Malkin and H.E.Austin, J. Chem. Sot. 1926, 2312). Zur Kenntnis des Cyanidins, 1 Vergleichende Untersuchungen iiber Cyanidinchlorid und 3,5,7,3‘4’. Pentaoxy-flavylium chloride (T. Malkin and M. Nierenstein, Ber.,1928 61790).
Thomas Crystal
structure
of normal
paraffins
Malkin
(T. Malkin
and
S. H. Piper,
Nature, 1930 126 278).
n fatty acids (F.Francis, S.H.Piper and T.Malkin Proc. Roy. Sot. 9, 1930 128 214). The action of diazomethane on some aromatic acyl chlorides, V - The mechanism of the reaction (T.Malkin and M.Nierenstein, J. Am. Chem. Sot., 1930 52 1504). The reduction of Quercetin (T.Malkin end M.Nierenstein, J. Am. Chem. Sot., 1930 52 2864). An X-ray examination of the higher normal primary alcohols (T. Melkin, J. Am. Chem. Sot., 1930 52 3739). Uber saure Kaliumund Natriumsalze von normalen Fettseuren (T. M&in, Ber., 1930 63 1807). Alternation in properties of long chain carbon compounds (T.Malkin, Nature, 1930 127 126). Zur Reduktion des Quercetins (T.Malkin and M.Nierenstein, Ber., 193164 1976). The
Acetyletion of o-hydroxy aldehydes (T.Malkin and M.Nierenstein, J. Am. Chem. Sot., 193153 239). Alternation in long chain compounds, Part 1: New X-ray data for long chain ethyl and methyl esters and iodides and a preliminary thermal examination of the esters (T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1931, 2796). Rotating molecules and the liquid crystalline state. An X-ray examination of long chain esters (T.Malkin, Trans. Faraday Sot., 1933 29 977). Alternation in long chain compounds, Part II: An X-ray and thermal investigation of the triglycerides, Part I (C. E. Clarkson and T. Ma&in, J. Chem. Sot., 1934,666). The odd-numbered n primary alcohols (The Q-B transition) (T. Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1935, 726). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part II: The x mono-glycerides (T.Malkin and M.R.ElShnrbagy, J. Chem. Sot., 1936, 1628). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part III: The aa’ diglycerides (T.Malkin, M. R. ElShurbrtgy and (in part) M. L. Meara, J. Chem. Sot., 1937,1409). AA X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part IV: Symmetrical mixed triglycerides (T.Malkin and M.L.Meara, J. Chem. Sot., 1939, 103). The instability of ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (J.E.Kench and T.Malkin J. Chem. Sot., 1939, 230). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part V: Unsymmetrical mixed triglycerides (M.G.R.Carter and T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1939, 577). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part VI: Symmetrical mixed triglycerides (M.L.Menra and T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1939, 1141). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part VII: Unsymmetrical mixed triglycerides (M. G. R. Carter and T. Melkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1939, 1518). An X-ray and thermal exeminetion of the glycerides, Part VIII: Glycerides of eruoic, brassidic, oleic and elnidic acids (M. G. R. Carter and T. Ma&in, J. Chem. Sot. 1947, 554). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part IX: The polymorphism of simple triglycerides (C. E. Clarkson and T. Melkin, J. Chem. Sot. 1948, 985). An X-ray and thermal examinat.ion of the glycerides, Part X: Symmetrical mono-oleoyl and monoelaidoyl disrtturated triglycerides (T. Malkin and B. R. Wilson, J. Chem. Sot., 1949, 369). Lipuria in tigers (T.F.Hewer, L. H.Matthews and T.Malkin, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1949, 118 Part IV, 924). xi
Thomas
Malkin
Structure of kephalin: presence of serine and a dissacharide in groundnut kephalin (H.H.Hutt, T.Malkin, A. G.Poole, P.R. Watt, Nature, 1950 165 314). The nitration of dimethylaniline to tetryl, 2: 4: 6 N Tetanitro methylaniline. The course of the reaction (C.E.Clarkson, I. G. Holden and T. Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1950, 1666). Chromatographic separation of choline containing phospholipids from phospholipid mixtures (T. H. Bevan, G. I. Gregory, T.Malkin, and A. G. Poole, J. Ckm. Hoc., 1950, Sal). Melting-point and X-ray data for 2 : 4 dinitrophenylhydrazones of n-aliphatic aldehydes (T.Malki.n and T.C.Tranter, J. CAem. See., 1961, 1178). The sphingolipid field, Part I: Synthesis of racemic 2-amino-octadecane I:3 dials (G.I.Gregory and T.Malkin, J. Chem. See., 1951, 2453). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part XI: The 1,2 diglycerides and further observations on I,3 diglycerides (R. J.Howe and T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1961, 2663). An X-ray examination of synthetic a and /l kephalins (T. H. Bevan and T. Malkin, J. Chem. &a, 1951, 2667). Recent work on phospholipids (T.Malkin, Chenl. and Id, 1952, 213). The sphingolipid field, Part II: An improved synthesis of racemic 2-amino-octadecane 1,3 dials and an X-ray examination of its derivatives (M. J. Egerton, G. I. Gregory and T.Malkin, J. Ctim. See., 1952, 2272). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part XII: Chaulmoogric and Hydnocarpic acids and their mono, di, and triglycerides (A.Gupta and T.Malkiu, J. CAem. Sot., 1962,2406). Acyl migration during dephosphorylation and a suggested mechanism (T.H.Bevan, D. A.Brown, G.I.Gregory and T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1953, 127). Plasmalogens, Part I: A synthesis of 2-aminoethyl2,3-O-hexadecylideneglycerophosphate (M. J.Egerton and T.Malkin, J. Ckm. Sot. 1953,280O). Thestructure of theglycerinositophosphatide of ground-nut (T. Malkin and A.G. Poole, J. Ckm. Sot., 1953,347O). The polymorphism of glycerides (T. Ma&in, Progress in Chemicrtry of Fats and Other Lip*, 1964, Vol. 2, 1, Pergamon Press). A new preparation of glycol monoesters of fatty acids (T.H. Bevan, T.Malkin and D.B.Smith, J. Chem. Sot., 1955, 1043). The preparation of glycerol i&ides (T. H. Bevan, T. Malkin and D. B. Smith, J. Chem. Sot., 1955, 1383). An X-ray examination of long chain slkyl dihydrogen phosphates and dialkyl hydrogen phosphates and their sodium salts (D.A. Brown, T.Malkiu and G.K.Maliphant, J. CAem. Sot., 1955, 1584). The synthesis of phosphatidic acids and monoalkyl phosphates (R. L. Baylis, T. H. Bevan and T.Malkin, Chem. and Id, 1955,67). Recent synthetic work in the phospholipid field. Synthesis of lysolecithin and lysokephalin and a new general synthesis of glycerophosphatides (T. Malkin Biochemical Problema of Lipide, 1956, 91, Butterworths Scientific Publications). Synthetic work in the phospholipid field (T.Malkin, R. L. Baylis, T. H. Bevan and D. J. Webley, Olii blineali, Urmai e Saponi, Colori e Vernici, 1956, N 7, Suglio). Phospholipids in food. An introduction to the general chemistry of phospholipids (T. Malkin, Chem. and Ind., 1966, 1186). Die Synthese von Phospholipiden I (T.Malkin, Fette, Seifen, AnatticA, 1957 59 77).
xii
Thomas
Malkin
The
synthesis of glycerides (T. H. Bevan and T. Ma&in, Progreaa in Chembtry of F& and Other fi+%, 1957, Vol. IV, 63, Pergamon Press). The synthesis of phospholipids (T.H.Bevan and T.Malkin, Progress in Chemietfy of Fats and Other Lipids, 1957, Vol. IV, 97, Pergamon Press). A new synthesis of phosphatidylserine and the preparation of serine and 2 amincethgl (‘Lethanolamine”) phosphate esters (T. H. Bevan, T.Malkin and J.M. Tiplady, 3. Chem. BOG., 1957, 3086). The synthesis of cephalin (phosphatidylethanolamine) and batyl, chimyl, glycol and alkyl analogues (R.L.Baylis, T. H. Bevan and T. Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1968,2962). Die Synthese von Phospholipiden, II (T.Malkin, Fette, Seifen, Anetrich, 1958 60 930). A tour df European oil and fat research centres (T.Malkin, Chem. and Ind., 1959, 947). Synthesis and properties of 1 glyceryl2 myo-inositol-phosphate (J. H. Davies and T. Malkin, Nature, 1959 184 789). Synthesis of 2: 3 disteoroyl-glycerol 2 myo-inositol phosphate (J. H. Davies and T.Malkin, Chem. and Ind., 1959, 1155). The polymorphism of di and tetra fatty acld esters of pentaerythritol (A. Gupta and T. Malkin, F&e, Seifen, Anstrich, 1969 61 868). The synthesis of a p-batyl (glycerol 2 octadecylether) analogue of cephalin and melting data for batyl, chimyl, fl batyl and /? chimyl alcohols and their derivat(ives (T. H. Bevan and T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1960, 350). Recent work in the phospholipid field (T.Malkin, Chem. and Id, 1961, 605).
.. . Xlll
MALKIN
(1879 - 1961) death of Dr. T.Malkin, Reader in Organic Chemistry in the University of Bristol, joint editor of the six volumes of Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and OtRer Lipids, on 26 April 1961, has taken from the world of science an internationally recognized authority on lipid chemistry. He had been for some years intermittently subject to cardiac trouble, which he had borne with great fortitude, and had been ill for some weeks prior to his death, which occurred suddenly but peacefully, at his home in Bristol. He was a Lancastrian, his home town being Warrington where after leaving school he had worked for some time in the Laboratories of Joseph Crosfield & Son, soap manufacturers, here first encountering the long chain aliphatic compounds, on the chemistry of which he later had such great iufluence. He entered the Manchester College of Technology, and graduated after three years (B. SC. London), then undertaking a post-graduate research course in the University of Manchester, under Sir Robert Robinson, being awarded the degree of Ph.D. in 1926. In 1925 he joined the staff of the Department of Chemistry in the University of Bristol as a Research Assistant, where he remained for the rest of his life, subsequently becoming Lecturer, Senior Lecturer and Reader in 1945. He was awarded the degree of D.Sc. (London) in 1934. In his early yeara at Bristol, he carried out research in collaboration with the late Dr. M.Nierenstein, on topics related to the anthocyanidins, his interest in the subject being aroused by his work with Sir RobertRobinson whilst at Manchester University. There was at Bristol, at this time, a great interest in long chain compounds, the work being carried out by the late Professor F. Francis and his school, and Dr. Malkin joined Professor Francis in the investigation of higher fatty acids by the X-ray diffraction technique, a technique then recently introduced by Sir W. Bragg and his son. He then proceeded to investigate a wide range of long chain compounds, using thermal and X-ray diffraction techniques, and in 1931 put forward an explanation of the well known phenomena of the alternation in properties of long chain compounds in the solid state, dependent on whether the chain contained an even or odd number of carbon atoms. This work was extended to an examination of the glycrides (mono- di- and triglycerides, the latter two classes including both simple and mixed glycerides) and was published in a series of papers from 1926 to 1952. This pioneering work was of fundamental importance, both from the technical and theoretical viewpoint, and although on certain points the TEE
ix
Thomas
l&l&in
work has been criticised, there is no doubt of the value of the original cont(ributions of Dr. Ma&in to our knowledge in this field. The second world war caused a complete interruption of this work, and Dr. Ma&in worked as a member of the extra-mural research team formed in the University of Bristol to assist the Government Ordnance Factories in explosives and munitions research, and also served for some time as Senior Gas Adviser for the S. W. Region. In the post war years he became interested in the physical nature and chemical constitution of the phospholipids, and from 1950 onwards published a number of papers dealing with the synthesis of various phospholipids, including the cephalins, plasmalogens, sphingolipids and the inositol phospholipids. Dr. Malkin played an active part in the work of the Chemical Society, The Royal Institute of Chemistry, and The Society of Chemical Industry, being Chairman of the Oils and Fats group of the latter body, and serving at various times on the Councils of all three bodies. He was also a member of the Regional Council for Further Education for the South West, and a member of a number of Government Committees. He also lectured for many years at the Merchant Venturers Technical College iu Bristol. In 1960 at the Danzig Congress of the International Society of Fat Research he was elected President of the Sixth Congress of the Society to be held in London next year. He also recently completed a tour of a large number of Fat Research Institutes in Europe under the auspices of a Leverhulme Research Award, visits which afforded him great satisfaction. Dr. Ma&in inspired the members of his small research group with enthusiasm for research, and with affection for himself, and although always most approachable for advice, believed in allowing his students to use their owe initiative. He was a most kindly man with a great sense of humour, with wide interests outside his work, and although tenacious in argument there was never any hint of personal animosity. He was most happily married, and had the satisfaction of seeing his daughter and son successfully embarked on their chosen careers. He will be remembered with esteem and affection by his research students and fellow workers. T. H. BEVAS
LIST
OF
hJBLIC4TIONS
A synthesis of pyrylium salts of anthocyanidin type (T,Malkin and R.Robinson, J. Chem. Sot., 1925, 1190). An X-ray study of some structural modifications of long chain compounds (S. H. Piper, T.Malkin and H.E.Austin, J. Chem. Sot. 1926, 2312). Zur Kenntnis des Cyanidins, 1 Vergleichende Untersuchungen iiber Cyanidinchlorid und 3,5,7,3‘4’. Pentaoxy-flavylium chloride (T. Malkin and M. Nierenstein, Ber.,1928 61790).
Thomas Crystal
structure
of normal
paraffins
Malkin
(T. Malkin
and
S. H. Piper,
Nature, 1930 126 278).
n fatty acids (F.Francis, S.H.Piper and T.Malkin Proc. Roy. Sot. 9, 1930 128 214). The action of diazomethane on some aromatic acyl chlorides, V - The mechanism of the reaction (T.Malkin and M.Nierenstein, J. Am. Chem. Sot., 1930 52 1504). The reduction of Quercetin (T.Malkin end M.Nierenstein, J. Am. Chem. Sot., 1930 52 2864). An X-ray examination of the higher normal primary alcohols (T. Melkin, J. Am. Chem. Sot., 1930 52 3739). Uber saure Kaliumund Natriumsalze von normalen Fettseuren (T. M&in, Ber., 1930 63 1807). Alternation in properties of long chain carbon compounds (T.Malkin, Nature, 1930 127 126). Zur Reduktion des Quercetins (T.Malkin and M.Nierenstein, Ber., 193164 1976). The
Acetyletion of o-hydroxy aldehydes (T.Malkin and M.Nierenstein, J. Am. Chem. Sot., 193153 239). Alternation in long chain compounds, Part 1: New X-ray data for long chain ethyl and methyl esters and iodides and a preliminary thermal examination of the esters (T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1931, 2796). Rotating molecules and the liquid crystalline state. An X-ray examination of long chain esters (T.Malkin, Trans. Faraday Sot., 1933 29 977). Alternation in long chain compounds, Part II: An X-ray and thermal investigation of the triglycerides, Part I (C. E. Clarkson and T. Ma&in, J. Chem. Sot., 1934,666). The odd-numbered n primary alcohols (The Q-B transition) (T. Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1935, 726). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part II: The x mono-glycerides (T.Malkin and M.R.ElShnrbagy, J. Chem. Sot., 1936, 1628). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part III: The aa’ diglycerides (T.Malkin, M. R. ElShurbrtgy and (in part) M. L. Meara, J. Chem. Sot., 1937,1409). AA X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part IV: Symmetrical mixed triglycerides (T.Malkin and M.L.Meara, J. Chem. Sot., 1939, 103). The instability of ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (J.E.Kench and T.Malkin J. Chem. Sot., 1939, 230). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part V: Unsymmetrical mixed triglycerides (M.G.R.Carter and T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1939, 577). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part VI: Symmetrical mixed triglycerides (M.L.Menra and T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1939, 1141). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part VII: Unsymmetrical mixed triglycerides (M. G. R. Carter and T. Melkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1939, 1518). An X-ray and thermal exeminetion of the glycerides, Part VIII: Glycerides of eruoic, brassidic, oleic and elnidic acids (M. G. R. Carter and T. Ma&in, J. Chem. Sot. 1947, 554). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part IX: The polymorphism of simple triglycerides (C. E. Clarkson and T. Melkin, J. Chem. Sot. 1948, 985). An X-ray and thermal examinat.ion of the glycerides, Part X: Symmetrical mono-oleoyl and monoelaidoyl disrtturated triglycerides (T. Malkin and B. R. Wilson, J. Chem. Sot., 1949, 369). Lipuria in tigers (T.F.Hewer, L. H.Matthews and T.Malkin, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1949, 118 Part IV, 924). xi
Thomas
Malkin
Structure of kephalin: presence of serine and a dissacharide in groundnut kephalin (H.H.Hutt, T.Malkin, A. G.Poole, P.R. Watt, Nature, 1950 165 314). The nitration of dimethylaniline to tetryl, 2: 4: 6 N Tetanitro methylaniline. The course of the reaction (C.E.Clarkson, I. G. Holden and T. Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1950, 1666). Chromatographic separation of choline containing phospholipids from phospholipid mixtures (T. H. Bevan, G. I. Gregory, T.Malkin, and A. G. Poole, J. Ckm. Hoc., 1950, Sal). Melting-point and X-ray data for 2 : 4 dinitrophenylhydrazones of n-aliphatic aldehydes (T.Malki.n and T.C.Tranter, J. CAem. See., 1961, 1178). The sphingolipid field, Part I: Synthesis of racemic 2-amino-octadecane I:3 dials (G.I.Gregory and T.Malkin, J. Chem. See., 1951, 2453). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part XI: The 1,2 diglycerides and further observations on I,3 diglycerides (R. J.Howe and T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1961, 2663). An X-ray examination of synthetic a and /l kephalins (T. H. Bevan and T. Malkin, J. Chem. &a, 1951, 2667). Recent work on phospholipids (T.Malkin, Chenl. and Id, 1952, 213). The sphingolipid field, Part II: An improved synthesis of racemic 2-amino-octadecane 1,3 dials and an X-ray examination of its derivatives (M. J. Egerton, G. I. Gregory and T.Malkin, J. Ctim. See., 1952, 2272). An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides, Part XII: Chaulmoogric and Hydnocarpic acids and their mono, di, and triglycerides (A.Gupta and T.Malkiu, J. CAem. Sot., 1962,2406). Acyl migration during dephosphorylation and a suggested mechanism (T.H.Bevan, D. A.Brown, G.I.Gregory and T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1953, 127). Plasmalogens, Part I: A synthesis of 2-aminoethyl2,3-O-hexadecylideneglycerophosphate (M. J.Egerton and T.Malkin, J. Ckm. Sot. 1953,280O). Thestructure of theglycerinositophosphatide of ground-nut (T. Malkin and A.G. Poole, J. Ckm. Sot., 1953,347O). The polymorphism of glycerides (T. Ma&in, Progress in Chemicrtry of Fats and Other Lip*, 1964, Vol. 2, 1, Pergamon Press). A new preparation of glycol monoesters of fatty acids (T.H. Bevan, T.Malkin and D.B.Smith, J. Chem. Sot., 1955, 1043). The preparation of glycerol i&ides (T. H. Bevan, T. Malkin and D. B. Smith, J. Chem. Sot., 1955, 1383). An X-ray examination of long chain slkyl dihydrogen phosphates and dialkyl hydrogen phosphates and their sodium salts (D.A. Brown, T.Malkiu and G.K.Maliphant, J. CAem. Sot., 1955, 1584). The synthesis of phosphatidic acids and monoalkyl phosphates (R. L. Baylis, T. H. Bevan and T.Malkin, Chem. and Id, 1955,67). Recent synthetic work in the phospholipid field. Synthesis of lysolecithin and lysokephalin and a new general synthesis of glycerophosphatides (T. Malkin Biochemical Problema of Lipide, 1956, 91, Butterworths Scientific Publications). Synthetic work in the phospholipid field (T.Malkin, R. L. Baylis, T. H. Bevan and D. J. Webley, Olii blineali, Urmai e Saponi, Colori e Vernici, 1956, N 7, Suglio). Phospholipids in food. An introduction to the general chemistry of phospholipids (T. Malkin, Chem. and Ind., 1966, 1186). Die Synthese von Phospholipiden I (T.Malkin, Fette, Seifen, AnatticA, 1957 59 77).
xii
Thomas
Malkin
The
synthesis of glycerides (T. H. Bevan and T. Ma&in, Progreaa in Chembtry of F& and Other fi+%, 1957, Vol. IV, 63, Pergamon Press). The synthesis of phospholipids (T.H.Bevan and T.Malkin, Progress in Chemietfy of Fats and Other Lipids, 1957, Vol. IV, 97, Pergamon Press). A new synthesis of phosphatidylserine and the preparation of serine and 2 amincethgl (‘Lethanolamine”) phosphate esters (T. H. Bevan, T.Malkin and J.M. Tiplady, 3. Chem. BOG., 1957, 3086). The synthesis of cephalin (phosphatidylethanolamine) and batyl, chimyl, glycol and alkyl analogues (R.L.Baylis, T. H. Bevan and T. Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1968,2962). Die Synthese von Phospholipiden, II (T.Malkin, Fette, Seifen, Anetrich, 1958 60 930). A tour df European oil and fat research centres (T.Malkin, Chem. and Ind., 1959, 947). Synthesis and properties of 1 glyceryl2 myo-inositol-phosphate (J. H. Davies and T. Malkin, Nature, 1959 184 789). Synthesis of 2: 3 disteoroyl-glycerol 2 myo-inositol phosphate (J. H. Davies and T.Malkin, Chem. and Ind., 1959, 1155). The polymorphism of di and tetra fatty acld esters of pentaerythritol (A. Gupta and T. Malkin, F&e, Seifen, Anstrich, 1969 61 868). The synthesis of a p-batyl (glycerol 2 octadecylether) analogue of cephalin and melting data for batyl, chimyl, fl batyl and /? chimyl alcohols and their derivat(ives (T. H. Bevan and T.Malkin, J. Chem. Sot., 1960, 350). Recent work in the phospholipid field (T.Malkin, Chem. and Id, 1961, 605).
.. . Xlll