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Thought disorder index (TDI) in schizotypal personality disorder
Abstracts
BIOL PSYCIIIATRY 1996;39:500-666
166. THOUGHT DISORDER INDEX (TDI) IN SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER M,M. Voglmaier, M.E. Shenton, R.W. McCarley, L.J. Seidman, D. Salisbury, & J. Sollinger
549
168. AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN FORMAL THOUGHT DISORDER IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS J. Lombardi, P.D. Harvey, M. Leibman, M. Parrella, L. White, P. Powchik, R. Mohs, M. Davidson, & K. Davis
Harvard Medical SchoolJMassachusells MenIal Hcalth Center, Boslon. MA 02115
It has been suggested thtlt the amount :lnd quality of fannal thought disorder differs among psychotic patient groups ,md their relatives. Because schilotypal personality disorder (SPO) is thought to tK: biolog. ic:Jlly linked to schizophrenia (SZ), we hypothesized that formal thought disorder in SPD subjects would be similar to th:ll (ound in 57.. Using the Holzman-Johnston Thoughl Disorder Indell. Ihought disorder was eXamined in II right-handed males who met DSM-IlI·R criteria for schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Overall amount of thought disorder was stgnificantly higher Ihnn nonmnive levels, and fell at a point intermediatc to thaI of controls and SZ subjects. f'urthcnnorc, thought disorder in SPD was qualitatively similar to that seen ill S2 patients. :lnd Ic.~s similar to that of manic pillients. Although based on a small sample, Ihe findings suggestthatlhe amount ilnd quality ofthoughl disorder in SPD is similar to that or SZ subjects and their relatives. The results arc discussed in the context of familial rates of SZ and mood disorder in SPD.
167. DISTURBED THOUGHT AND INFORMATION PROCESSING DEFICITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
W. Perry & D. Braff University of C'llifornin, San Diego, La JolI:l. CA In schizophrenia, disturbed lhought processes manifest :IS formallhought disorder, impaired reality testing and problems in obstrnct reasoning and ure considered hallmark. symptoms. Considerable evidellce suggests lhat disturbed thought in schizophrenia represents a consequence of il!lentioll and infonnation processing deficit5. Most 5tudies. however. sample disturbed thought lind infonnntion proccssing at two different limes. The problem with this oppronch has been highlighted by McGralh ( 1991) who states that. "it is not unusual for the degree of thought disorder in the im.lividual to flucluate over evcn short passages of time," Likewise, Gjerde {19B3) hn.~ :Irguell thai 10 adequately study allemion nnd information processing deficits the subjcci should be engaged in cffortful processing, To O1ddress these criticisms we have tlllsigned a novel means of simullaneously 5tudying disturbed thought proccssc:'i and infonnalion processing di:flcits. Mule :'ichizophrenia patients (N=20) were simullaneow,ly administered a high processing demand lask. i.e" ncomputerized Rorschach test, and a prepulse Inhibition of the human startle response (PPI) paradigm. Past research has demonstrated Ihat the Rorschnch Is a sensitive mealls of eliciting disturbed thought, while PPI reliably pssesses infonnntion procc:'ising. Our prlltiminary results dcmonstrab~ It strong relationship between disturbed thought vill the Rorschach nntl PPJ. Correlalions range between -0.54 anti -0.85. These findings provide ."Irong evidence of the putnlive relationship bel ween dislurbed thought processes and infonnation processing delicils in schizophrenia.
Mount Sinui School of Medicine. New York. NY 10029 Fonnal thought disordef, one of the most common symptom!> of schizophrenia. is present across the life course of the illness. including periods of relative remis:'iion. Few studies have examined age relalcd changes in thought disorder :Jcross thl: Ii fe span of the disorder. We report a cross- sectional study of thc prevalence and severity of 18 different signs of thought disorder in ~ehizophtl:'nic patients rnnging in age from 19-96 (n=392). All patient:'i were examined with the Scale for Assessment of Thoughl L:msuage and Communicntion. Geriatricp:uients (age>64) were also exurnincd for cognitive runctioning using the MMSE. Poveny of speech was more common and more severe in geriatric patients, and fOllr different signs of disconnected specch were less common and ress severe in geriatric patients. When pnticnts wilh poveny of speech were climinaled from both samples. all differences in the prevulence nf disconnection·type thought disorders were eliminated. Among the geriatric patients, MMSE scores were ten points lower in Ihose with poverty of specch than in patients without this 5ign. The mujor change in thought disordcr accompanying aging in schizophrenia was poveny of speech, with all other changes accounted fOf by alterations in the prevalencc :lnd severity of this a"pcct of communicntion disorder. An incrcase in poverty of speech was associaled with the presence of cognitivc impairrm:l1t in the seriatric patienls. suggesling that poverty of speech mlly be intrinsically related to cognitive impalnnent in schizophrenia.
169. UNDERSTANDING DELUSIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA USING VISUAL SCAN PATHS M.L. Phillips & A.S, David Dcpnrtment of Psychologielll Medicine. Institute of Psychiatry. London SES SAZ
Cognilive ex;planalions for delusion formation have emphilsizcd the role of distorted appreciation of complex stimuli. The stUdy investigated infonnation procllssing ill deluded subjects (DS) using a novel. physiological marker of visual atlention. the visual scan path - a map tracing thc direction and durntion of gaze when an individual views a stimulus. The aim was to demonstf'Jle the presence of n specific deficit in processing menningful stimuli (eg, human fllees) in OS by relating this to abnonnni viewing st"'Jtegies. Visual scan palhs were mensured in OS (n;7), non·deluded schizophrenics (n=7) (;;:3 and <3 on SAPS, respectivcly) lind age-matched normal conlrols (n= 10). Neuroleptic medicalion, SANS score and illness duralion did not differ significantl)' bctwecn patient groups. The cye-tf:lckinS unit employed a pupil·diameter deter· mination technique via infrared illumination. A fiXlllion Was defined as consecutive gaze positions wilhin one degree for 200 milliseconds or more, OS employed nbnonnal strategies for viewing single (accs and fncc pairs in n recognilion Insk. staring at fewer points and filiating non· fe:llure areas to .. significantly greater ex;tent than control groups
BIOL PSYCIIIATRY 1996;39:500-666
166. THOUGHT DISORDER INDEX (TDI) IN SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER M,M. Voglmaier, M.E. Shenton, R.W. McCarley, L.J. Seidman, D. Salisbury, & J. Sollinger
549
168. AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN FORMAL THOUGHT DISORDER IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS J. Lombardi, P.D. Harvey, M. Leibman, M. Parrella, L. White, P. Powchik, R. Mohs, M. Davidson, & K. Davis
Harvard Medical SchoolJMassachusells MenIal Hcalth Center, Boslon. MA 02115
It has been suggested thtlt the amount :lnd quality of fannal thought disorder differs among psychotic patient groups ,md their relatives. Because schilotypal personality disorder (SPO) is thought to tK: biolog. ic:Jlly linked to schizophrenia (SZ), we hypothesized that formal thought disorder in SPD subjects would be similar to th:ll (ound in 57.. Using the Holzman-Johnston Thoughl Disorder Indell. Ihought disorder was eXamined in II right-handed males who met DSM-IlI·R criteria for schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Overall amount of thought disorder was stgnificantly higher Ihnn nonmnive levels, and fell at a point intermediatc to thaI of controls and SZ subjects. f'urthcnnorc, thought disorder in SPD was qualitatively similar to that seen ill S2 patients. :lnd Ic.~s similar to that of manic pillients. Although based on a small sample, Ihe findings suggestthatlhe amount ilnd quality ofthoughl disorder in SPD is similar to that or SZ subjects and their relatives. The results arc discussed in the context of familial rates of SZ and mood disorder in SPD.
167. DISTURBED THOUGHT AND INFORMATION PROCESSING DEFICITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
W. Perry & D. Braff University of C'llifornin, San Diego, La JolI:l. CA In schizophrenia, disturbed lhought processes manifest :IS formallhought disorder, impaired reality testing and problems in obstrnct reasoning and ure considered hallmark. symptoms. Considerable evidellce suggests lhat disturbed thought in schizophrenia represents a consequence of il!lentioll and infonnation processing deficit5. Most 5tudies. however. sample disturbed thought lind infonnntion proccssing at two different limes. The problem with this oppronch has been highlighted by McGralh ( 1991) who states that. "it is not unusual for the degree of thought disorder in the im.lividual to flucluate over evcn short passages of time," Likewise, Gjerde {19B3) hn.~ :Irguell thai 10 adequately study allemion nnd information processing deficits the subjcci should be engaged in cffortful processing, To O1ddress these criticisms we have tlllsigned a novel means of simullaneously 5tudying disturbed thought proccssc:'i and infonnalion processing di:flcits. Mule :'ichizophrenia patients (N=20) were simullaneow,ly administered a high processing demand lask. i.e" ncomputerized Rorschach test, and a prepulse Inhibition of the human startle response (PPI) paradigm. Past research has demonstrated Ihat the Rorschnch Is a sensitive mealls of eliciting disturbed thought, while PPI reliably pssesses infonnntion procc:'ising. Our prlltiminary results dcmonstrab~ It strong relationship between disturbed thought vill the Rorschach nntl PPJ. Correlalions range between -0.54 anti -0.85. These findings provide ."Irong evidence of the putnlive relationship bel ween dislurbed thought processes and infonnation processing delicils in schizophrenia.
Mount Sinui School of Medicine. New York. NY 10029 Fonnal thought disordef, one of the most common symptom!> of schizophrenia. is present across the life course of the illness. including periods of relative remis:'iion. Few studies have examined age relalcd changes in thought disorder :Jcross thl: Ii fe span of the disorder. We report a cross- sectional study of thc prevalence and severity of 18 different signs of thought disorder in ~ehizophtl:'nic patients rnnging in age from 19-96 (n=392). All patient:'i were examined with the Scale for Assessment of Thoughl L:msuage and Communicntion. Geriatricp:uients (age>64) were also exurnincd for cognitive runctioning using the MMSE. Poveny of speech was more common and more severe in geriatric patients, and fOllr different signs of disconnected specch were less common and ress severe in geriatric patients. When pnticnts wilh poveny of speech were climinaled from both samples. all differences in the prevulence nf disconnection·type thought disorders were eliminated. Among the geriatric patients, MMSE scores were ten points lower in Ihose with poverty of specch than in patients without this 5ign. The mujor change in thought disordcr accompanying aging in schizophrenia was poveny of speech, with all other changes accounted fOf by alterations in the prevalencc :lnd severity of this a"pcct of communicntion disorder. An incrcase in poverty of speech was associaled with the presence of cognitivc impairrm:l1t in the seriatric patienls. suggesling that poverty of speech mlly be intrinsically related to cognitive impalnnent in schizophrenia.
169. UNDERSTANDING DELUSIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA USING VISUAL SCAN PATHS M.L. Phillips & A.S, David Dcpnrtment of Psychologielll Medicine. Institute of Psychiatry. London SES SAZ
Cognilive ex;planalions for delusion formation have emphilsizcd the role of distorted appreciation of complex stimuli. The stUdy investigated infonnation procllssing ill deluded subjects (DS) using a novel. physiological marker of visual atlention. the visual scan path - a map tracing thc direction and durntion of gaze when an individual views a stimulus. The aim was to demonstf'Jle the presence of n specific deficit in processing menningful stimuli (eg, human fllees) in OS by relating this to abnonnni viewing st"'Jtegies. Visual scan palhs were mensured in OS (n;7), non·deluded schizophrenics (n=7) (;;:3 and <3 on SAPS, respectivcly) lind age-matched normal conlrols (n= 10). Neuroleptic medicalion, SANS score and illness duralion did not differ significantl)' bctwecn patient groups. The cye-tf:lckinS unit employed a pupil·diameter deter· mination technique via infrared illumination. A fiXlllion Was defined as consecutive gaze positions wilhin one degree for 200 milliseconds or more, OS employed nbnonnal strategies for viewing single (accs and fncc pairs in n recognilion Insk. staring at fewer points and filiating non· fe:llure areas to .. significantly greater ex;tent than control groups