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Three new species of Pseudocercospora from the Nepal Himalaya
Mycol. Res.
99 (2): 23G232 (1995)
230
Printed in Great Britain
Three new species of Pseudocercospora from the Nepal Himalaya
U S H A BUDATHOKI1 A N D S A N J A Y K. SINGHZ Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal Department of Botany, University of Gorakhpur, U.P. India
Pseudocercospora heterospermi sp. nov. on Heferospermurn pedunculosum Linn., P. himalayana sp. nov. on Triumfetta pilosa Roth. and P. smilacis sp. nov. on Smilax aspera Linn., collected from Kathmandu Valley in Nepal Himalaya, are described, illustrated and compared with allied taxa.
Pseudocercospora heterospermi Budathoki & S. K. Singh sp. nov. (Fig. I) Maculae hypogenae, nervisequae, atrae, extendentes per 1/3 vel toturn folii; mycelium ex hyphis imrnersis, hyalinis, ramosis, laevibus; stromata substomatoidea, 16-26 x 13-26 pm. Conidiophora rnacronernatosa, mononematosa, caespitosa, recta vel flexuosa, plerumque ramosa, septata, simplicia, laevia, pallide olivacea vel bmnnea,
Fig. 1. Pseudocercospora heterospermi, showing stroma (A), conidiophores (B), branched conidiophore (C) and conidia (D). Bar 20 prn.
32.5-65.5 x 2.54.5 pm. Cellulae conidiogenae in conidiophorsis incorporatae, denticulatae, polyblasticae. Conidia solitaria, simplicia, laevia, 3-7 septata, brunnea, 29-58.5 x 3 4 . 5 pm. In foliis vivis Heterospermi pedunculosi (Asteraceae), Godawari, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Nov. 1986, leg. Usha Budathoki, KU 60 holotypus, IMI 291865 isotypus. Colonies strictly hypogenous, vein limited, blackish patches coalescing and covering almost one third or more of the leaf surface. Mycelium composed of immersed, hyaline, branched, smooth-walled hyphae. Stromafa substomatal, bearing fasciculate conidiophores, more or less globose, pseudoparenchymatous, 16-26 x 13-26 pm. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, caespitose, straight or flexuous, sometimes branched, septate, simple, smooth, pale-olivaceous brown, fasciculate, 32.5-65.5 x 2-5-6.5 ym. Conidiogenous cells integrated, slightly denticulate, terminal, polyblastic. Conida solitary, simple, smooth, transversely 3-7 septate, brown, measuring 29-58.5 x 3-6-5 ym. There are no previous records of a Pseudocercospora species described on the host genus. However, 20 species of Pseudocercospora have so far been described on the Asteraceae (Deighton, 1976, 1987; Yen & Lim, 1980, 1983; Shukla ef al., 1982; Khan & Shamsi, 1983; Goh and Hsieh, 1989; Sarbajana & Das, 1990; Braun & Castaiieda, 1991). Amongst these 20 species, the well developed stromata and branching in the conidiophores of the present species are shared only by Pseudocercospora chysanfhmicola (J. M . Yen) Deighton and P. cinereae (Pavgi & U . P. Singh) Deighton. The present species is, therefore, compared with these and differences are shown in Table 1. It is clear that P. heterospermi is closer to P. cinereae in having a similar number of septa in the conidia but their dimensions are significantly different. As regards the length of conidiosphores, it is closer to P. chysanthemicola but differs in the length and septation of the conidia. Branched conidiophores
U. Budathoki and S. K. Singh
23 1
Table I. Pseudocercospora species producing stromata and branched conidiophores described from Asteraceae
(m)
Shoma (vm)
Conidiophores
P. chysanthemicola
Amphigenous, up to 35 diam.
0-4 septate, 2-20 in fascicles, 25-50 X 3-5
3-13 septate, 30-115 x 3-5
P. cinereae
Hypogenous, 15-23 diam.
Septate,
3-8 septate, 41-108.5 x 4.5-7
Hypogenous,
Septate,
1626x13-26
32-5-65.5 x 2.54.5
P. heterospemi
16G400 x 4-6.5
Conidia (pm)
3-7 septate, 29-58.5 x 3 4 . 5
Fig. 2 . Psetldocercospora himalayana, showing stroma (A), conidiophores (B) and conidia (C). Bar 20 pm. are also produced by P. noveboracensis Goh & W . H. Hsieh and P. blUmeae(Thiim.) Deighton but these species do not produce stromata.
Pseudocercospora himala~anaBudathoki & S. K. Singh sp. nov. (Fig. 2 ) Maculae hypogenae, griseae vel nigrae, 1-10 mrn diam., coalescentes per totum folii. Mycelium ex hyphis irnrnersis, hyalinis, rarnosis,
Fig. 3. Pseudocercospora smilacis showing stroma (A), conidiophores (B), conidia (C) and germinating conidium (D). Bar 20 vm. laevibus. Stromata substomatales, usque 32.5-65.5 x 13-32.5 wn. Conidiophora rnacronernatosa, rnononernatosa, caespitosa, recta vel flexuosa, non-ramosa, septata, simplicia, laevia, pallide brunnea, 48.5-81.5 x 3-65 w. Cellulae conidiogenae in conidiophorsis incorporatae, denticulatae, terminales, polyblasticae. Conidia simplicia,
Table 2. Pseudocercospora species described from Tiliaceae
P. corchorica P. triumfettae P. hiumfettigena P. phaea P. himalayana
Epigenous/l30 x 100 Amphigenous/absent Hypogenous/absent to poorly developed, 25 x 15 Amphigenous/absent Hypogenous/ 32.5-65.5 X 13-32.5
Conidiophores (vm)
Conidia
Up to 80 x 3-5.5 %80 x 3-4 Up to 600 X 3-8
40-80 x 4-5, 1-7 septate 35-110 x 3-4, 3-10 septate 3@90 x 4-6, 2-10 septate
5G500 x 4.5-7 48.5-81.5 x 3+5
40-85 x 4-7, 1-7 septate, 101-1495 X 3 , 5 4 5 , 3-10 septate
(m)
Three new species of Pseudocercospora
232
60-76 x 3-35 pm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, polyblastic, terminal or intercalary, denticulate, conidia solitary, simple, pale brown, smooth, 1-43 septate, obclavate, straight or curved, 48.5-81.5 3 4 . 5 A review of the literature reveals only one species of Cercospora described on Smilax (Chupp, 1954) which was Colonies hypogenous, greyish black, 1-10 mm diam., later subsequently transferred to Pseudocercospora as P. pallidissima coalescing and covering almost all the lower leaf surface. (Chupp) Deighton (Deighton, 1976). The present collection Mycelium composed of immersed, hyaline, branched, smooth was compared with P. pallidissima in which infection spots walled hyphae. Sfromata substomatal, with fasciculate conidioare suborbicular to irregular measuring 5 rnm diameter with phores, 32.5-65-5 x 13-32.5 pm. Conidiophores macronemafruiting on both leaf surfaces. Conidiophores in this species tous, mononematous, caespitose, straight or flexuous, unwere up to 30 x 5 LUI- and conidia are slightly smaller at branched, septate, simple, smooth, pale brown, 48.5-81-5 30-70 x 2-4.5 pm. In the present collection, however, the x 3-6-5 pm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, denticulate, infection spots are very distinct. These are restricted and terminal, polyblastic. Conidia simple, smooth, transversely represented by small (1-6 mm diam.) circular necrotic lesions. 3-10 septate, brown, cylindrical, 101-149.5 x 3.5-6.5 pm. The fruiting is entirely hypogenous. The conidia and Four species of Pseudocercospora, P. corchorica (Petrak & Cif.) conidiophores are also slightly larger. Deighton, P. friumfeffae (Syd.) Deighton, P. friumfeffigena Authors are thankful to Dr B. C. Sutton, International (J. M. Yen & Gilles) Deighton and P. phaea (Syd.) Deighton Mycological Institute, England for accession numbers and (Deighton, 1976) have already been described on hosts in the confirming the identity of the species and to Dr Karnal, Tiliaceae. Differences are shown in Table 2. Department of Botany, University of Gorakhur (U.P.), India It is clear that the present species is closest to P. phaea in for helpful suggestions. The senior author is also thankful to conidial dimensions and to P. corchorica in conidiophore the authorities of Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu (Nepal) characters but is not considered to be conspecific with any of for grant-in-aid under Faculty Development Programme. the previously described species of Pseudocercospora on Tiliaceae. REFERENCES acropleurogenosa, laevia, 3-10 septata, brunnea, cylindrica, vel obclavata, usque 101-149.5 x 3.5-6.5 urn. In foliis vivis Triumfettae pilosae (Tiliaceae). Boshan, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Dec. 1986, leg. Usha Budathoki, KU 204 holotypus, IMI 304425 isotypus.
Braun, U. & Castaiieda, R. F. (1991). Cercospora and allied genera of Cuba 11.
Pseudocercospora smilacis Budathoki & S. K. Singh sp. nov. Cyptogamic Botany 2, 289-297. (Fig. 3) Chupp, C. (1954). A monograph of the Fungus Genus Cercospora. Ithaca, New Maculae hypogenae, orbiculares, atrobrunneae, 1-6 mm d i m . Mycelium ex hyphis immersis, subhyalinis, ramosis, laevibus. Stromata substromatica, globosa, pseud~parench~matica,45.5-78 x 3 9 4 5 pm. Conidiophora macronematosa, cylindrica, mononematosa, caespitosa, recta vel flexuosa, simplicia, septata, ramosa, laevia, atrobrunnea, 60-76 x 3-3.5 w. Cellulae conidiogenae in conidiophoris incorporatae, polyblasticae, terminales vel intercaleris, denticulatis. Conidia solitaria, simplicia, pallide-brunnea, laevia, 1-8 septata, obclavata, recta vel curvata, 48.5-81.5 x 3-65 pm. In foliis vivis Smilax aspera (Liliaceae), Godawari, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Nov. 1985, leg. Usha Budathoki, KU 59 holotypus, IMI 291864 isotypus.
Colonies hypogenous, orbicular, dark brown, 1-6 rnm diam. Mycelium composed of immersed, subhyaline, branched, smooth walled hyphae. Stromafa substomatal, globose, pseudoparenchymatous, 45.5-78 x 39-65 pm. Conidiophores macronematous, cylindrical, mononematous, caespitose, straight or flexuous, simple, septate, branched, smooth, (Accepted 11 July 1994)
York: Published by the author. Deighton. F. C. (1976). Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. VI. Pseudocercospora Speg., Pantospora Cif. and Cercoseptoria Petr., Mycological Papers 140, 1-156. Deighton. F. C. (1987). New species of Pseudocercospora and Mycovellosielka and new combinations into Pseudocercospora and Phaeoramularia. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 88, 365-391. Goh, T. K. & Hsieh, W. H. (1989). New species of Cercospora and allied genera of Taiwan. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, Tapei, N.S., 30, 117-132. Guo, Y. L. & Liu, X. J. (1989). Studies of the genus Pseudocercospora in China. I. Mycosystema 2, 225-240. Hsieh, W.H. & Goh, T. K. (1990). Cercospora and similar fungi from Taiwan. Mawchang Book Company: Tapei (Taiwan) Khan, A. Z. M. N. A. & Shamsi, S. (1983). Cercospora from Bangladesh. 11. Bangladesh ]ournal of Botany 12, 105-119. Shukla, D. N., Singh, A. K., Kumar, P. & Kamal (1982). Fungi of Gorakhpur, XV. Indian Phytopathology 35, 8&91. Yen, J. M. & Lim, G. (1980). Cercospora and allied genera of Singapore and Malaya peninsula. Garden's Bulletin Singapore 33, 151-263. Yen, J. M. & Lim, G. (1983). Studies on parasitic fungi of South-East Asia. 47. Parasitic fungi of Malaysia, 24. Bulletin trimestriel de la Sociitt de mycologie de France 99, 357-360.
99 (2): 23G232 (1995)
230
Printed in Great Britain
Three new species of Pseudocercospora from the Nepal Himalaya
U S H A BUDATHOKI1 A N D S A N J A Y K. SINGHZ Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal Department of Botany, University of Gorakhpur, U.P. India
Pseudocercospora heterospermi sp. nov. on Heferospermurn pedunculosum Linn., P. himalayana sp. nov. on Triumfetta pilosa Roth. and P. smilacis sp. nov. on Smilax aspera Linn., collected from Kathmandu Valley in Nepal Himalaya, are described, illustrated and compared with allied taxa.
Pseudocercospora heterospermi Budathoki & S. K. Singh sp. nov. (Fig. I) Maculae hypogenae, nervisequae, atrae, extendentes per 1/3 vel toturn folii; mycelium ex hyphis imrnersis, hyalinis, ramosis, laevibus; stromata substomatoidea, 16-26 x 13-26 pm. Conidiophora rnacronernatosa, mononematosa, caespitosa, recta vel flexuosa, plerumque ramosa, septata, simplicia, laevia, pallide olivacea vel bmnnea,
Fig. 1. Pseudocercospora heterospermi, showing stroma (A), conidiophores (B), branched conidiophore (C) and conidia (D). Bar 20 prn.
32.5-65.5 x 2.54.5 pm. Cellulae conidiogenae in conidiophorsis incorporatae, denticulatae, polyblasticae. Conidia solitaria, simplicia, laevia, 3-7 septata, brunnea, 29-58.5 x 3 4 . 5 pm. In foliis vivis Heterospermi pedunculosi (Asteraceae), Godawari, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Nov. 1986, leg. Usha Budathoki, KU 60 holotypus, IMI 291865 isotypus. Colonies strictly hypogenous, vein limited, blackish patches coalescing and covering almost one third or more of the leaf surface. Mycelium composed of immersed, hyaline, branched, smooth-walled hyphae. Stromafa substomatal, bearing fasciculate conidiophores, more or less globose, pseudoparenchymatous, 16-26 x 13-26 pm. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, caespitose, straight or flexuous, sometimes branched, septate, simple, smooth, pale-olivaceous brown, fasciculate, 32.5-65.5 x 2-5-6.5 ym. Conidiogenous cells integrated, slightly denticulate, terminal, polyblastic. Conida solitary, simple, smooth, transversely 3-7 septate, brown, measuring 29-58.5 x 3-6-5 ym. There are no previous records of a Pseudocercospora species described on the host genus. However, 20 species of Pseudocercospora have so far been described on the Asteraceae (Deighton, 1976, 1987; Yen & Lim, 1980, 1983; Shukla ef al., 1982; Khan & Shamsi, 1983; Goh and Hsieh, 1989; Sarbajana & Das, 1990; Braun & Castaiieda, 1991). Amongst these 20 species, the well developed stromata and branching in the conidiophores of the present species are shared only by Pseudocercospora chysanfhmicola (J. M . Yen) Deighton and P. cinereae (Pavgi & U . P. Singh) Deighton. The present species is, therefore, compared with these and differences are shown in Table 1. It is clear that P. heterospermi is closer to P. cinereae in having a similar number of septa in the conidia but their dimensions are significantly different. As regards the length of conidiosphores, it is closer to P. chysanthemicola but differs in the length and septation of the conidia. Branched conidiophores
U. Budathoki and S. K. Singh
23 1
Table I. Pseudocercospora species producing stromata and branched conidiophores described from Asteraceae
(m)
Shoma (vm)
Conidiophores
P. chysanthemicola
Amphigenous, up to 35 diam.
0-4 septate, 2-20 in fascicles, 25-50 X 3-5
3-13 septate, 30-115 x 3-5
P. cinereae
Hypogenous, 15-23 diam.
Septate,
3-8 septate, 41-108.5 x 4.5-7
Hypogenous,
Septate,
1626x13-26
32-5-65.5 x 2.54.5
P. heterospemi
16G400 x 4-6.5
Conidia (pm)
3-7 septate, 29-58.5 x 3 4 . 5
Fig. 2 . Psetldocercospora himalayana, showing stroma (A), conidiophores (B) and conidia (C). Bar 20 pm. are also produced by P. noveboracensis Goh & W . H. Hsieh and P. blUmeae(Thiim.) Deighton but these species do not produce stromata.
Pseudocercospora himala~anaBudathoki & S. K. Singh sp. nov. (Fig. 2 ) Maculae hypogenae, griseae vel nigrae, 1-10 mrn diam., coalescentes per totum folii. Mycelium ex hyphis irnrnersis, hyalinis, rarnosis,
Fig. 3. Pseudocercospora smilacis showing stroma (A), conidiophores (B), conidia (C) and germinating conidium (D). Bar 20 vm. laevibus. Stromata substomatales, usque 32.5-65.5 x 13-32.5 wn. Conidiophora rnacronernatosa, rnononernatosa, caespitosa, recta vel flexuosa, non-ramosa, septata, simplicia, laevia, pallide brunnea, 48.5-81.5 x 3-65 w. Cellulae conidiogenae in conidiophorsis incorporatae, denticulatae, terminales, polyblasticae. Conidia simplicia,
Table 2. Pseudocercospora species described from Tiliaceae
P. corchorica P. triumfettae P. hiumfettigena P. phaea P. himalayana
Epigenous/l30 x 100 Amphigenous/absent Hypogenous/absent to poorly developed, 25 x 15 Amphigenous/absent Hypogenous/ 32.5-65.5 X 13-32.5
Conidiophores (vm)
Conidia
Up to 80 x 3-5.5 %80 x 3-4 Up to 600 X 3-8
40-80 x 4-5, 1-7 septate 35-110 x 3-4, 3-10 septate 3@90 x 4-6, 2-10 septate
5G500 x 4.5-7 48.5-81.5 x 3+5
40-85 x 4-7, 1-7 septate, 101-1495 X 3 , 5 4 5 , 3-10 septate
(m)
Three new species of Pseudocercospora
232
60-76 x 3-35 pm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, polyblastic, terminal or intercalary, denticulate, conidia solitary, simple, pale brown, smooth, 1-43 septate, obclavate, straight or curved, 48.5-81.5 3 4 . 5 A review of the literature reveals only one species of Cercospora described on Smilax (Chupp, 1954) which was Colonies hypogenous, greyish black, 1-10 mm diam., later subsequently transferred to Pseudocercospora as P. pallidissima coalescing and covering almost all the lower leaf surface. (Chupp) Deighton (Deighton, 1976). The present collection Mycelium composed of immersed, hyaline, branched, smooth was compared with P. pallidissima in which infection spots walled hyphae. Sfromata substomatal, with fasciculate conidioare suborbicular to irregular measuring 5 rnm diameter with phores, 32.5-65-5 x 13-32.5 pm. Conidiophores macronemafruiting on both leaf surfaces. Conidiophores in this species tous, mononematous, caespitose, straight or flexuous, unwere up to 30 x 5 LUI- and conidia are slightly smaller at branched, septate, simple, smooth, pale brown, 48.5-81-5 30-70 x 2-4.5 pm. In the present collection, however, the x 3-6-5 pm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, denticulate, infection spots are very distinct. These are restricted and terminal, polyblastic. Conidia simple, smooth, transversely represented by small (1-6 mm diam.) circular necrotic lesions. 3-10 septate, brown, cylindrical, 101-149.5 x 3.5-6.5 pm. The fruiting is entirely hypogenous. The conidia and Four species of Pseudocercospora, P. corchorica (Petrak & Cif.) conidiophores are also slightly larger. Deighton, P. friumfeffae (Syd.) Deighton, P. friumfeffigena Authors are thankful to Dr B. C. Sutton, International (J. M. Yen & Gilles) Deighton and P. phaea (Syd.) Deighton Mycological Institute, England for accession numbers and (Deighton, 1976) have already been described on hosts in the confirming the identity of the species and to Dr Karnal, Tiliaceae. Differences are shown in Table 2. Department of Botany, University of Gorakhur (U.P.), India It is clear that the present species is closest to P. phaea in for helpful suggestions. The senior author is also thankful to conidial dimensions and to P. corchorica in conidiophore the authorities of Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu (Nepal) characters but is not considered to be conspecific with any of for grant-in-aid under Faculty Development Programme. the previously described species of Pseudocercospora on Tiliaceae. REFERENCES acropleurogenosa, laevia, 3-10 septata, brunnea, cylindrica, vel obclavata, usque 101-149.5 x 3.5-6.5 urn. In foliis vivis Triumfettae pilosae (Tiliaceae). Boshan, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Dec. 1986, leg. Usha Budathoki, KU 204 holotypus, IMI 304425 isotypus.
Braun, U. & Castaiieda, R. F. (1991). Cercospora and allied genera of Cuba 11.
Pseudocercospora smilacis Budathoki & S. K. Singh sp. nov. Cyptogamic Botany 2, 289-297. (Fig. 3) Chupp, C. (1954). A monograph of the Fungus Genus Cercospora. Ithaca, New Maculae hypogenae, orbiculares, atrobrunneae, 1-6 mm d i m . Mycelium ex hyphis immersis, subhyalinis, ramosis, laevibus. Stromata substromatica, globosa, pseud~parench~matica,45.5-78 x 3 9 4 5 pm. Conidiophora macronematosa, cylindrica, mononematosa, caespitosa, recta vel flexuosa, simplicia, septata, ramosa, laevia, atrobrunnea, 60-76 x 3-3.5 w. Cellulae conidiogenae in conidiophoris incorporatae, polyblasticae, terminales vel intercaleris, denticulatis. Conidia solitaria, simplicia, pallide-brunnea, laevia, 1-8 septata, obclavata, recta vel curvata, 48.5-81.5 x 3-65 pm. In foliis vivis Smilax aspera (Liliaceae), Godawari, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Nov. 1985, leg. Usha Budathoki, KU 59 holotypus, IMI 291864 isotypus.
Colonies hypogenous, orbicular, dark brown, 1-6 rnm diam. Mycelium composed of immersed, subhyaline, branched, smooth walled hyphae. Stromafa substomatal, globose, pseudoparenchymatous, 45.5-78 x 39-65 pm. Conidiophores macronematous, cylindrical, mononematous, caespitose, straight or flexuous, simple, septate, branched, smooth, (Accepted 11 July 1994)
York: Published by the author. Deighton. F. C. (1976). Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. VI. Pseudocercospora Speg., Pantospora Cif. and Cercoseptoria Petr., Mycological Papers 140, 1-156. Deighton. F. C. (1987). New species of Pseudocercospora and Mycovellosielka and new combinations into Pseudocercospora and Phaeoramularia. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 88, 365-391. Goh, T. K. & Hsieh, W. H. (1989). New species of Cercospora and allied genera of Taiwan. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, Tapei, N.S., 30, 117-132. Guo, Y. L. & Liu, X. J. (1989). Studies of the genus Pseudocercospora in China. I. Mycosystema 2, 225-240. Hsieh, W.H. & Goh, T. K. (1990). Cercospora and similar fungi from Taiwan. Mawchang Book Company: Tapei (Taiwan) Khan, A. Z. M. N. A. & Shamsi, S. (1983). Cercospora from Bangladesh. 11. Bangladesh ]ournal of Botany 12, 105-119. Shukla, D. N., Singh, A. K., Kumar, P. & Kamal (1982). Fungi of Gorakhpur, XV. Indian Phytopathology 35, 8&91. Yen, J. M. & Lim, G. (1980). Cercospora and allied genera of Singapore and Malaya peninsula. Garden's Bulletin Singapore 33, 151-263. Yen, J. M. & Lim, G. (1983). Studies on parasitic fungi of South-East Asia. 47. Parasitic fungi of Malaysia, 24. Bulletin trimestriel de la Sociitt de mycologie de France 99, 357-360.