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THREE NEW SPECIES OFPORINA(TRICHOTHELIACEAE) FROM LORD HOWE ISLAND, AUSTRALIA
Lichenologist 29(3): 229–236 (1997)
THREE NEW SPECIES OF PORINA (TRICHOTHELIACEAE) FROM LORD HOWE ISLAND, AUSTRALIA P. M. McCARTHY*
Abstract: Porina howeana sp. nov., P. mariae sp. nov. and P. ocellatoides sp. nov. are described from shaded basalt on Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, Australia. ? 1997 The British Lichen Society
Introduction Porina sens. lat. (Trichotheliaceae) is exceptionally well-represented in the south-western Pacific region. Thirty-seven of the 79 taxa currently known from the coastal and hinterland areas of eastern Australia, Lord Howe Island. and New Zealand are apparently endemic, and this diversity will increase with the inevitable collection and recognition of new species as well as previously extra-Australasian taxa. Lord Howe I. lies 600 km east of the Australian mainland and 1250 km north-west of New Zealand and has a rich lichen flora that includes many novelties (Archer & Elix 1994; McCarthy 1996a, b; McCarthy et al. 1996). In this paper, three new species of Porina are described from shaded basalt in lowland subtropical forest. Methods Hand sections and squash preparations were examined in water and in 10% KOH; asci were also examined in Lugol’s iodine and Congo Red. Measurements of algae, thalline hyphae, hamathecial filaments and ascal and ascospore walls were made at # 1000 magnification; those of entire asci and ascospores were made at # 400 magnification. In the descriptions of the species, ascospore dimensions are presented as mean values with extreme values in parentheses and exclude any gelatinous sheath.
The Species Porina howeana P. M. McCarthy sp. nov. Thallus epilithicus, plerumque medio olivaceobrunneus, 20–30(–50) ìm crassus, rimosus, ecorticatus, madefactus gelatinosus et translucidus. Perithecia hemisphaerica, semiimmersa vel superficialia. Involucrellum aurantiacofuscum vel atrofuscum, (0·19–)0·25(–0·33) mm diametro, *Australian Biological Resources Study, Flora Section, GPO Box 636, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia. 0024–2829/97/030229+08 $25.00/0/li960077
? 1997 The British Lichen Society
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20–35(–45) ìm crassum, ad basim excipuli descendens, thallo tectum. Centrum 0·1–0·18 mm diametro. Asci 70–86 # 11–14 ìm. Ascosporae 7-septatae, (19–)25(–31) # (4–)5(–6·5) ìm. Conidia 3–4 # 1–2 ìm. Typus: Australia, New South Wales, Lord Howe Island, Max Nicholls Track, E of Dawsons Point Ridge, 31)31*09+S, 159)03*05+E, alt. c. 80 m, on shaded basalt, 6 February 1995, P. M. McCarthy 1150 (CANB—holotypus).
(Fig. 1) Thallus epilithic, determinate, mid- to dark olivaceous brown, occasionally paler, smooth to minutely rugulose, usually glossy, 20–30(–50) ìm thick, sparingly to richly, but finely, rimose, not areolate, gelatinous and translucent when wetted, ecorticate, containing few or no rock fragments and crystals, K". Algae Trentepohlia; cells 6–12 # 6–10 ìm. Hyphae c. 2 ìm wide. Prothallus not apparent. Basal layer absent. Perithecia semi-immersed to superficial, very numerous. Perithecial apex rounded. Ostiole inconspicuous. Involucrellum dark olive-brown to blackish in surface view, dark orange-brown to dark olive-brown in thin section, K", hemispherical, (0·19–)0·25(–0·33) mm diam., 20–35(–45) ìm thick, extending to excipulum-base level, covered by a thin layer of thallus. Centrum globose to depressed-ovate, 0·1–0·17 mm diam. Excipulum uniformly pale yellowbrown, 15–20 ìm thick. Paraphyses unbranched, 0·8–1 ìm wide. Periphyses absent. Asci elongate-cylindrical, with rounded or subtruncate apex and a distinct apical chitinoid ring (in Congo Red), 70–86 # 11–14 ìm. Ascospores colourless, 7-septate, fusiform to elongate-fusiform, less commonly elongatecylindrical, straight, slightly curved or faintly sigmoid, with rounded to subacute ends and a (2–)4(–6) ìm thick gelatinous sheath, irregularly biseriate in the asci, (19–)25(–31) # (4–)5(–6·5) ìm (128 measured); contents clear. Conidiomata moderately numerous, semi-immersed to almost superficial, dark brown to blackish above, pale brown below, 80–120 ìm diam., with a convoluted conidiogenous layer. Conidia narrowly ellipsoid to bacilliform, 3–4 # 1–2 ìm. Notes: Although it is superficially similar to a number of tropical and southern-temperate Porina spp. with minute, dark perithecia and 5–7-septate ascospores, P. howeana possesses two very distinctive attributes, viz. a dark, rather glossy thallus that is gelatinous and translucent when wetted and perithecia which, although they are outwardly very dark, have an involucrellum that is internally orange-brown to brown and is both overgrown and interspersed with thalline elements. The Neotropical P. adflata Müll. Arg. also has a dark, but non-gelatinous, thallus; however, the involucrellum is purpleblack in thin section and the ascospores are mainly 5-septate (McCarthy 1993). Porina fluminea P. M. McCarthy & P. N. Johnson from New Zealand has a very dark, but non-gelatinous thallus, and while its involucrellar anatomy is similar to that of P. howeana, its asci are discontinuously longer and broader and the broader ascospores are exclusively 5-septate (McCarthy & Johnson 1995).
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F. 1. Porina howeana (holotype). A, Habit of thallus, perithecia and conidiomata; B, Vertical section of perithecium (semi-schematic); C, Ascospores. Scales: A=1 mm; B=0·2 mm; C=20 ìm.
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Porina howeana is common on moderately to deeply shaded basalt in lowland forest on Lord Howe I. Selected specimens examined: Australia: New South Wales: Lord Howe I.: lower slopes of Mt Lidgbird, between Little Island and ‘The Cross’, 31)31*S, 159)04*E, alt. c. 50 m, 1995, McCarthy 1058 (CANB); Max Nicholls Track, E of Dawsons Point Ridge, alt. c. 80 m, 31)31*09+S, 159)03*05+E, 1995, McCarthy 1009A (CANB); forest 50–100 m NE of Golf Course, alt. c. 30 m, 1995, McCarthy 1160 (CANB); between Dawsons Point Ridge and Kims Lookout, alt. c. 100 m, 1995, McCarthy 1180A (CANB).
Porina mariae P. M. McCarthy sp. nov. Thallus epilithicus, pallido griseoviridis, rimosus vel areolatus, 50–100(–200) ìm crassus, ecorticatus. Perithecia nigra, convexa vel hemisphaerica, partim thallo tecta. Involucrellum (0·48–)0·67(–0·97) mm diametro, 80–150(–200) ìm crassum. Centrum 0·29–0·46 mm diametro. Asci 140–190 # 13–18 ìm. Ascosporae 7(–9)-septatae, (27–)36·5(–45) # (5–) 6·5(–8) ìm. Conidiomata prominentia, superne nigra, 0·1–0·21 mm diametro. Conidia 3–4 # 0·7 ìm. Typus: Australia, New South Wales, Lord Howe Island, track from Smoking Tree Ridge to Boat Harbour, 31)33*23+S, 159)05*33+E, alt. c. 50 m, on deeply shaded basalt, 10 February 1995, P. M. McCarthy 1044 (CANB—holotypus).
(Fig. 2) Thallus epilithic, determinate, pale grey-green, sparingly to richly and finely rimose to areolate, matt to slightly glossy, smooth to minutely uneven, 50–100(–200) ìm thick, ecorticate, K". Areolae plane, angular, irregular, 0·5–1·6 mm wide. Algae Trentepohlia; cells 8–20 # 7–16 ìm. Hyphae 2–4 ìm wide. Prothallus not apparent. Basal layer absent. Perithecia numerous, semi-immersed to superficial, dark grey to black, convex to hemispherical, often partly to almost completely overgrown by a 20–60 ìm thick thalline layer. Perithecial apex rounded; ostiole inconspicuous or in a 60–120 ìm diam. depression, occasionally pale to medium brown. Involucrellum green-black to purple-black in thin section, colour intensifying in K, arching away from the excipulum or contiguous with it except at the base, occasionally enclosing it, (0·48–)0·67(–0·97) mm diam., 80–150(–200) ìm thick. Centrum subglobose to depressed-ovate, 0·29–0·46 mm diam. Excipulum medium greenish-brown to diffuse purple-black at the base, darkening towards the apex, 18–25 ìm thick. Subhymenium 30–60 ìm thick. Paraphyses unbranched, 0·7–1 ìm wide. Periphyses absent. Asci elongatecylindrical, 140–190 # 13–18 ìm, with a subtruncate to truncate apex and a distinct apical chitinoid ring (in Congo Red). Ascospores colourless, 7(–9)septate, fusiform to fusiform-cylindrical, straight to faintly sigmoid, with acute to subacute apices and a 2–4 ìm thick gelatinous sheath, irregularly biseriate in the asci, (27–)36·5(–45) # (5–)6·5(–8) ìm (131 measured); contents clear. Conidiomata numerous, semi-immersed to almost completely immersed, black above, pale brown below, 0·1–0·21 mm diam., with a convoluted conidiogenous layer. Conidia narrowly fusiform, 3–4 # 0·7 ìm. Notes: Porina mariae has a pale thallus, large black perithecia that are often partly or almost entirely covered by a thalline layer and an exceptionally thick involucrellum of variable pigmentation. Moderately large to large black
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F. 2. Porina mariae (holotype). A, Habit of thallus, perithecia and conidiomata; B, Vertical sections of perithecia (semi-schematic); C, Mature ascus; D, Ascospores. Scales: A=1 mm; B=0·5 mm; C=50 ìm; D=20 ìm.
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perithecia with 7-septate spores are also seen in the Australasian P. partita P. M. McCarthy and P. aptrootii P. M. McCarthy and the northern-temperate P. grandis (Körb.) Zahlbr. However, the first has smaller asci and ascospores, an involucrellum that is pale within and may contain algal cells, and mature ascospores that frequently have fewer than 7-septa; P. grandis and P. aptrootii have comparatively dark thalli and smaller hemispherical to subglobose perithecia; the latter also has longer conidia (McCarthy 1993). Porina mariae inhabits deeply shaded basalt at several lowland forest sites on the island. It is named in honour of my wife, Marie Meaney-McCarthy, in recognition of her unwavering encouragement and support. Additional specimens examined: Australia: New South Wales: Lord Howe I.: near type locality, 1995, McCarthy 1017 (CANB); near track from Smoking Tree Ridge to Goathouse Cave, 31)34*S, 159)05*E, alt. 120–420 m, 1995, McCarthy 1063 (CANB); Max Nicholls Track, E of Dawsons Point Ridge, 31)31*09+S, 159)03*05+E, alt. c. 80 m, 1995, McCarthy 1003 (CANB).
Porina ocellatoides P. M. McCarthy sp. nov. Thallus epilithicus, pallide griseoviridis vel pallide brunneus, rimosus, 60–100 ìm crassus. Perithecia in verrucis thallinis, 0·65–1 mm diametro immersa. Involucrellum externe atrum, 0·2–0·65 mm diametro. Centrum 0·3–0·42 mm diametro. Asci 170–186 # 22–27 ìm. Ascospore muriformes, (35–)42(–54) # (9–)11(–14) ìm. Conidia 2–4 # 1 ìm. Typus: Australia, New South Wales, Lord Howe Island, track from Smoking Tree Ridge to Boat Harbour, 31)33*23+S, 159)05*33+E, alt. c. 50 m, on deeply shaded basalt, 10 February 1995, P. M. McCarthy 1043 (CANB—holotypus).
(Fig. 3) Thallus epilithic, determinate, pale grey-green to pale sandy brown, 60–100 ìm thick, adpressed, sparingly to richly rimose, matt to slightly glossy, minutely uneven, impregnated with rock fragments and crystals, K", with a 8–15 ìm thick uppermost layer that is sometimes &prosoplectenchymatous. Algae Trentepohlia; cells 6–12 # 6–10 ìm. Hyphae 2–3 ìm wide. Prothallus thin and blackish or not apparent. Basal layer brownish black, discontinuous, 30–70 ìm thick. Perithecia moderately to very numerous, immersed in thallus-dominated verrucae. Verrucae convex to hemispherical, 0·65–1 mm diam. Perithecial apex usually plane to convex, with a broad, black periostiolar area. Ostiole inconspicuous or in a depression to 100 ìm diam. Involucrellum apical, 0·2–0·65 mm diam., 40–70 ìm thick, externally brown-black to black, internally medium orange-brown. Excipulum pale yellowish brown, slightly darker near the ostiole, c. 20 ìm thick. Centrum subglobose to globose, 0·3–0·42 mm diam. Paraphyses unbranched, c. 1 ìm thick. Periphyses absent. Asci broadly fusiform to elongate-fusiform, 8-spored, 170–186 # 22–27 ìm, with a rounded apex, with or without a subapical constriction; apical chitinoid ring absent (in Congo Red). Ascospores colourless, muriform, with 9–17 transverse septa, each loculus with (0–)1–2 longitudinal or diagonal septa (in optical section), narrowly ellipsoid, fusiform or elongate-cylindrical, usually straight and with rounded ends, irregularly biseriate in the asci, usually with a 3–7(–10) ìm thick gelatinous sheath, (35–)42(–54) # (9–)11(–14) ìm (100 measured); contents clear to minutely granulose.
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F. 3. Porina ocellatoides (holotype). A, Habit of thallus, perithecial verrucae and conidiomata; B, Vertical section of perithecial verruca (semi-schematic); C, Ascospores. Scales: A=1 mm; B=0·2 mm; C=20 ìm.
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Conidiomata immersed in 0·1–0·16 mm diam. thalline verrucae, with brown-black apices and hyaline bases. Conidia elongate-ellipsoid to fusiform, 2–4 # 1 ìm. Notes: This lichen has a pale, well-developed thallus, rather large perithecial verrucae with a usually broad, black apex and comparatively small and fully muriform ascospores. Outwardly quite similar to the Neotropical P. ocellata (Malme) P. M. McCarthy, the two can be separated by the narrower, more fusiform and submuriform ascospores of the former species and its smaller perithecial verrucae. Porina tahitensis (Räsänen) P. M. McCarthy, first reported from French Polynesia, and a ubiquitous saxicolous species on Lord Howe I., often grows with P. ocellatoides and has smaller perithecial verrucae with consistently paler apices and submuriform ascospores. The mainly Neotropical C. nuculastrum Müll. Arg. and the mainly Paleotropical C. eminentior (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. (a common saxicolous and corticolous species on the island) both lack the broad black perithecial apex of P. ocellatoides and have considerably larger ascospores (McCarthy 1995). Porina ocellatoides is known from shaded basalt at three localities on Lord Howe I. Additional specimens examined: Australia: New South Wales: Lord Howe I.: near track from Smoking Tree Ridge to Goathouse Cave, 31)34*S, 159)05*E, alt. 120–420 m, 1995, McCarthy 1173B (CANB); track from Neds Beach Rd to Malabar Hill, 31)31*16+S, 159)03*50+E, alt. c. 100 m, 1995, McCarthy 1155B (CANB). I am grateful to Dr Brian Coppins for nomenclatural advice. R Archer, A. W. & Elix, J. A. (1994) The lichens of Lord Howe Island. 1. Introduction and the genus Pertusaria (Pertusariaceae). Telopea 6: 9–30. McCarthy, P. M. (1993) Saxicolous species of Porina Müll. Arg. (Trichotheliaceae) in the Southern Hemisphere. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 52: 1–134. McCarthy, P. M. (1995) A reappraisal of Clathroporina Müll. Arg. (Trichotheliaceae). Lichenologist 27: 321–350. McCarthy, P. M. (1996a) Lithothelium austropacificum sp. nov. (Pyrenulaceae) from Lord Howe Island, Australia. Lichenologist 28: 290–294. McCarthy, P. M. (1996b) Additional lichen records from Australia. 28. New records from Lord Howe Island. Australasian Lichenological Newsletter 39: 22–27. McCarthy, P. M. & Johnson, P. N. (1995) New and interesting lichens from New Zealand. Nova Hedwigia 61: 497–508. McCarthy, P. M., Streimann, H. & Elix, J. A. (1996) New foliicolous species of Strigula from Lord Howe Island, Australia. Lichenologist 28: 239–244. Accepted for publication 27 July 1996
THREE NEW SPECIES OF PORINA (TRICHOTHELIACEAE) FROM LORD HOWE ISLAND, AUSTRALIA P. M. McCARTHY*
Abstract: Porina howeana sp. nov., P. mariae sp. nov. and P. ocellatoides sp. nov. are described from shaded basalt on Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, Australia. ? 1997 The British Lichen Society
Introduction Porina sens. lat. (Trichotheliaceae) is exceptionally well-represented in the south-western Pacific region. Thirty-seven of the 79 taxa currently known from the coastal and hinterland areas of eastern Australia, Lord Howe Island. and New Zealand are apparently endemic, and this diversity will increase with the inevitable collection and recognition of new species as well as previously extra-Australasian taxa. Lord Howe I. lies 600 km east of the Australian mainland and 1250 km north-west of New Zealand and has a rich lichen flora that includes many novelties (Archer & Elix 1994; McCarthy 1996a, b; McCarthy et al. 1996). In this paper, three new species of Porina are described from shaded basalt in lowland subtropical forest. Methods Hand sections and squash preparations were examined in water and in 10% KOH; asci were also examined in Lugol’s iodine and Congo Red. Measurements of algae, thalline hyphae, hamathecial filaments and ascal and ascospore walls were made at # 1000 magnification; those of entire asci and ascospores were made at # 400 magnification. In the descriptions of the species, ascospore dimensions are presented as mean values with extreme values in parentheses and exclude any gelatinous sheath.
The Species Porina howeana P. M. McCarthy sp. nov. Thallus epilithicus, plerumque medio olivaceobrunneus, 20–30(–50) ìm crassus, rimosus, ecorticatus, madefactus gelatinosus et translucidus. Perithecia hemisphaerica, semiimmersa vel superficialia. Involucrellum aurantiacofuscum vel atrofuscum, (0·19–)0·25(–0·33) mm diametro, *Australian Biological Resources Study, Flora Section, GPO Box 636, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia. 0024–2829/97/030229+08 $25.00/0/li960077
? 1997 The British Lichen Society
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20–35(–45) ìm crassum, ad basim excipuli descendens, thallo tectum. Centrum 0·1–0·18 mm diametro. Asci 70–86 # 11–14 ìm. Ascosporae 7-septatae, (19–)25(–31) # (4–)5(–6·5) ìm. Conidia 3–4 # 1–2 ìm. Typus: Australia, New South Wales, Lord Howe Island, Max Nicholls Track, E of Dawsons Point Ridge, 31)31*09+S, 159)03*05+E, alt. c. 80 m, on shaded basalt, 6 February 1995, P. M. McCarthy 1150 (CANB—holotypus).
(Fig. 1) Thallus epilithic, determinate, mid- to dark olivaceous brown, occasionally paler, smooth to minutely rugulose, usually glossy, 20–30(–50) ìm thick, sparingly to richly, but finely, rimose, not areolate, gelatinous and translucent when wetted, ecorticate, containing few or no rock fragments and crystals, K". Algae Trentepohlia; cells 6–12 # 6–10 ìm. Hyphae c. 2 ìm wide. Prothallus not apparent. Basal layer absent. Perithecia semi-immersed to superficial, very numerous. Perithecial apex rounded. Ostiole inconspicuous. Involucrellum dark olive-brown to blackish in surface view, dark orange-brown to dark olive-brown in thin section, K", hemispherical, (0·19–)0·25(–0·33) mm diam., 20–35(–45) ìm thick, extending to excipulum-base level, covered by a thin layer of thallus. Centrum globose to depressed-ovate, 0·1–0·17 mm diam. Excipulum uniformly pale yellowbrown, 15–20 ìm thick. Paraphyses unbranched, 0·8–1 ìm wide. Periphyses absent. Asci elongate-cylindrical, with rounded or subtruncate apex and a distinct apical chitinoid ring (in Congo Red), 70–86 # 11–14 ìm. Ascospores colourless, 7-septate, fusiform to elongate-fusiform, less commonly elongatecylindrical, straight, slightly curved or faintly sigmoid, with rounded to subacute ends and a (2–)4(–6) ìm thick gelatinous sheath, irregularly biseriate in the asci, (19–)25(–31) # (4–)5(–6·5) ìm (128 measured); contents clear. Conidiomata moderately numerous, semi-immersed to almost superficial, dark brown to blackish above, pale brown below, 80–120 ìm diam., with a convoluted conidiogenous layer. Conidia narrowly ellipsoid to bacilliform, 3–4 # 1–2 ìm. Notes: Although it is superficially similar to a number of tropical and southern-temperate Porina spp. with minute, dark perithecia and 5–7-septate ascospores, P. howeana possesses two very distinctive attributes, viz. a dark, rather glossy thallus that is gelatinous and translucent when wetted and perithecia which, although they are outwardly very dark, have an involucrellum that is internally orange-brown to brown and is both overgrown and interspersed with thalline elements. The Neotropical P. adflata Müll. Arg. also has a dark, but non-gelatinous, thallus; however, the involucrellum is purpleblack in thin section and the ascospores are mainly 5-septate (McCarthy 1993). Porina fluminea P. M. McCarthy & P. N. Johnson from New Zealand has a very dark, but non-gelatinous thallus, and while its involucrellar anatomy is similar to that of P. howeana, its asci are discontinuously longer and broader and the broader ascospores are exclusively 5-septate (McCarthy & Johnson 1995).
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F. 1. Porina howeana (holotype). A, Habit of thallus, perithecia and conidiomata; B, Vertical section of perithecium (semi-schematic); C, Ascospores. Scales: A=1 mm; B=0·2 mm; C=20 ìm.
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Porina howeana is common on moderately to deeply shaded basalt in lowland forest on Lord Howe I. Selected specimens examined: Australia: New South Wales: Lord Howe I.: lower slopes of Mt Lidgbird, between Little Island and ‘The Cross’, 31)31*S, 159)04*E, alt. c. 50 m, 1995, McCarthy 1058 (CANB); Max Nicholls Track, E of Dawsons Point Ridge, alt. c. 80 m, 31)31*09+S, 159)03*05+E, 1995, McCarthy 1009A (CANB); forest 50–100 m NE of Golf Course, alt. c. 30 m, 1995, McCarthy 1160 (CANB); between Dawsons Point Ridge and Kims Lookout, alt. c. 100 m, 1995, McCarthy 1180A (CANB).
Porina mariae P. M. McCarthy sp. nov. Thallus epilithicus, pallido griseoviridis, rimosus vel areolatus, 50–100(–200) ìm crassus, ecorticatus. Perithecia nigra, convexa vel hemisphaerica, partim thallo tecta. Involucrellum (0·48–)0·67(–0·97) mm diametro, 80–150(–200) ìm crassum. Centrum 0·29–0·46 mm diametro. Asci 140–190 # 13–18 ìm. Ascosporae 7(–9)-septatae, (27–)36·5(–45) # (5–) 6·5(–8) ìm. Conidiomata prominentia, superne nigra, 0·1–0·21 mm diametro. Conidia 3–4 # 0·7 ìm. Typus: Australia, New South Wales, Lord Howe Island, track from Smoking Tree Ridge to Boat Harbour, 31)33*23+S, 159)05*33+E, alt. c. 50 m, on deeply shaded basalt, 10 February 1995, P. M. McCarthy 1044 (CANB—holotypus).
(Fig. 2) Thallus epilithic, determinate, pale grey-green, sparingly to richly and finely rimose to areolate, matt to slightly glossy, smooth to minutely uneven, 50–100(–200) ìm thick, ecorticate, K". Areolae plane, angular, irregular, 0·5–1·6 mm wide. Algae Trentepohlia; cells 8–20 # 7–16 ìm. Hyphae 2–4 ìm wide. Prothallus not apparent. Basal layer absent. Perithecia numerous, semi-immersed to superficial, dark grey to black, convex to hemispherical, often partly to almost completely overgrown by a 20–60 ìm thick thalline layer. Perithecial apex rounded; ostiole inconspicuous or in a 60–120 ìm diam. depression, occasionally pale to medium brown. Involucrellum green-black to purple-black in thin section, colour intensifying in K, arching away from the excipulum or contiguous with it except at the base, occasionally enclosing it, (0·48–)0·67(–0·97) mm diam., 80–150(–200) ìm thick. Centrum subglobose to depressed-ovate, 0·29–0·46 mm diam. Excipulum medium greenish-brown to diffuse purple-black at the base, darkening towards the apex, 18–25 ìm thick. Subhymenium 30–60 ìm thick. Paraphyses unbranched, 0·7–1 ìm wide. Periphyses absent. Asci elongatecylindrical, 140–190 # 13–18 ìm, with a subtruncate to truncate apex and a distinct apical chitinoid ring (in Congo Red). Ascospores colourless, 7(–9)septate, fusiform to fusiform-cylindrical, straight to faintly sigmoid, with acute to subacute apices and a 2–4 ìm thick gelatinous sheath, irregularly biseriate in the asci, (27–)36·5(–45) # (5–)6·5(–8) ìm (131 measured); contents clear. Conidiomata numerous, semi-immersed to almost completely immersed, black above, pale brown below, 0·1–0·21 mm diam., with a convoluted conidiogenous layer. Conidia narrowly fusiform, 3–4 # 0·7 ìm. Notes: Porina mariae has a pale thallus, large black perithecia that are often partly or almost entirely covered by a thalline layer and an exceptionally thick involucrellum of variable pigmentation. Moderately large to large black
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F. 2. Porina mariae (holotype). A, Habit of thallus, perithecia and conidiomata; B, Vertical sections of perithecia (semi-schematic); C, Mature ascus; D, Ascospores. Scales: A=1 mm; B=0·5 mm; C=50 ìm; D=20 ìm.
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perithecia with 7-septate spores are also seen in the Australasian P. partita P. M. McCarthy and P. aptrootii P. M. McCarthy and the northern-temperate P. grandis (Körb.) Zahlbr. However, the first has smaller asci and ascospores, an involucrellum that is pale within and may contain algal cells, and mature ascospores that frequently have fewer than 7-septa; P. grandis and P. aptrootii have comparatively dark thalli and smaller hemispherical to subglobose perithecia; the latter also has longer conidia (McCarthy 1993). Porina mariae inhabits deeply shaded basalt at several lowland forest sites on the island. It is named in honour of my wife, Marie Meaney-McCarthy, in recognition of her unwavering encouragement and support. Additional specimens examined: Australia: New South Wales: Lord Howe I.: near type locality, 1995, McCarthy 1017 (CANB); near track from Smoking Tree Ridge to Goathouse Cave, 31)34*S, 159)05*E, alt. 120–420 m, 1995, McCarthy 1063 (CANB); Max Nicholls Track, E of Dawsons Point Ridge, 31)31*09+S, 159)03*05+E, alt. c. 80 m, 1995, McCarthy 1003 (CANB).
Porina ocellatoides P. M. McCarthy sp. nov. Thallus epilithicus, pallide griseoviridis vel pallide brunneus, rimosus, 60–100 ìm crassus. Perithecia in verrucis thallinis, 0·65–1 mm diametro immersa. Involucrellum externe atrum, 0·2–0·65 mm diametro. Centrum 0·3–0·42 mm diametro. Asci 170–186 # 22–27 ìm. Ascospore muriformes, (35–)42(–54) # (9–)11(–14) ìm. Conidia 2–4 # 1 ìm. Typus: Australia, New South Wales, Lord Howe Island, track from Smoking Tree Ridge to Boat Harbour, 31)33*23+S, 159)05*33+E, alt. c. 50 m, on deeply shaded basalt, 10 February 1995, P. M. McCarthy 1043 (CANB—holotypus).
(Fig. 3) Thallus epilithic, determinate, pale grey-green to pale sandy brown, 60–100 ìm thick, adpressed, sparingly to richly rimose, matt to slightly glossy, minutely uneven, impregnated with rock fragments and crystals, K", with a 8–15 ìm thick uppermost layer that is sometimes &prosoplectenchymatous. Algae Trentepohlia; cells 6–12 # 6–10 ìm. Hyphae 2–3 ìm wide. Prothallus thin and blackish or not apparent. Basal layer brownish black, discontinuous, 30–70 ìm thick. Perithecia moderately to very numerous, immersed in thallus-dominated verrucae. Verrucae convex to hemispherical, 0·65–1 mm diam. Perithecial apex usually plane to convex, with a broad, black periostiolar area. Ostiole inconspicuous or in a depression to 100 ìm diam. Involucrellum apical, 0·2–0·65 mm diam., 40–70 ìm thick, externally brown-black to black, internally medium orange-brown. Excipulum pale yellowish brown, slightly darker near the ostiole, c. 20 ìm thick. Centrum subglobose to globose, 0·3–0·42 mm diam. Paraphyses unbranched, c. 1 ìm thick. Periphyses absent. Asci broadly fusiform to elongate-fusiform, 8-spored, 170–186 # 22–27 ìm, with a rounded apex, with or without a subapical constriction; apical chitinoid ring absent (in Congo Red). Ascospores colourless, muriform, with 9–17 transverse septa, each loculus with (0–)1–2 longitudinal or diagonal septa (in optical section), narrowly ellipsoid, fusiform or elongate-cylindrical, usually straight and with rounded ends, irregularly biseriate in the asci, usually with a 3–7(–10) ìm thick gelatinous sheath, (35–)42(–54) # (9–)11(–14) ìm (100 measured); contents clear to minutely granulose.
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F. 3. Porina ocellatoides (holotype). A, Habit of thallus, perithecial verrucae and conidiomata; B, Vertical section of perithecial verruca (semi-schematic); C, Ascospores. Scales: A=1 mm; B=0·2 mm; C=20 ìm.
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Conidiomata immersed in 0·1–0·16 mm diam. thalline verrucae, with brown-black apices and hyaline bases. Conidia elongate-ellipsoid to fusiform, 2–4 # 1 ìm. Notes: This lichen has a pale, well-developed thallus, rather large perithecial verrucae with a usually broad, black apex and comparatively small and fully muriform ascospores. Outwardly quite similar to the Neotropical P. ocellata (Malme) P. M. McCarthy, the two can be separated by the narrower, more fusiform and submuriform ascospores of the former species and its smaller perithecial verrucae. Porina tahitensis (Räsänen) P. M. McCarthy, first reported from French Polynesia, and a ubiquitous saxicolous species on Lord Howe I., often grows with P. ocellatoides and has smaller perithecial verrucae with consistently paler apices and submuriform ascospores. The mainly Neotropical C. nuculastrum Müll. Arg. and the mainly Paleotropical C. eminentior (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. (a common saxicolous and corticolous species on the island) both lack the broad black perithecial apex of P. ocellatoides and have considerably larger ascospores (McCarthy 1995). Porina ocellatoides is known from shaded basalt at three localities on Lord Howe I. Additional specimens examined: Australia: New South Wales: Lord Howe I.: near track from Smoking Tree Ridge to Goathouse Cave, 31)34*S, 159)05*E, alt. 120–420 m, 1995, McCarthy 1173B (CANB); track from Neds Beach Rd to Malabar Hill, 31)31*16+S, 159)03*50+E, alt. c. 100 m, 1995, McCarthy 1155B (CANB). I am grateful to Dr Brian Coppins for nomenclatural advice. R Archer, A. W. & Elix, J. A. (1994) The lichens of Lord Howe Island. 1. Introduction and the genus Pertusaria (Pertusariaceae). Telopea 6: 9–30. McCarthy, P. M. (1993) Saxicolous species of Porina Müll. Arg. (Trichotheliaceae) in the Southern Hemisphere. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 52: 1–134. McCarthy, P. M. (1995) A reappraisal of Clathroporina Müll. Arg. (Trichotheliaceae). Lichenologist 27: 321–350. McCarthy, P. M. (1996a) Lithothelium austropacificum sp. nov. (Pyrenulaceae) from Lord Howe Island, Australia. Lichenologist 28: 290–294. McCarthy, P. M. (1996b) Additional lichen records from Australia. 28. New records from Lord Howe Island. Australasian Lichenological Newsletter 39: 22–27. McCarthy, P. M. & Johnson, P. N. (1995) New and interesting lichens from New Zealand. Nova Hedwigia 61: 497–508. McCarthy, P. M., Streimann, H. & Elix, J. A. (1996) New foliicolous species of Strigula from Lord Howe Island, Australia. Lichenologist 28: 239–244. Accepted for publication 27 July 1996