- Email: [email protected]
Three years of Galileo dust data: ii. 1993–1995
\ PERGAMON
Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
Three years of Galileo dust data] II[ 0882Ð0884 H[ Krugera\ \ E[ Gruna\ D[P[ Hamiltonb\ M[ Baguhla\ S[ Dermottc\ H[ Fechtiga\ B[A[ Gustafsonc\ M[S[ Hannerd\ M[ Horanyie\ J[ Kissela\ B[A[ Lindbladf\ D[ Linkerta\ G[ Linkerta\ I[ Manng\ J[A[M[ McDonnellh\ G[E[ Mor_lli\ C[ Polanskeyd\ R[ Riemannj\ G[ Schwehmj\ R[ Sramaa\ H[A[ Zookk a
Max!Planck!Institut fur Kernphysik\ 58918 Heidelber`\ Germany University of Maryland\ Colle`e Park\ MD 19631!1310\ U[S[A[ c University of Florida\ Gainesville\ FL 21500\ U[S[A[ d Jet Propulsion Laboratory\ Pasadena\ California 80098\ U[S[A[ e Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics\ Univ[ Of Colorado\ Boulder\ CO 79298\ U[S[A[ f Lund Observatory\ 110 Lund\ Sweden g Max!Planck!Institute fur Aeronomie\ 26080 Katlenbur`!Lindau\ Germany h University of Kent\ Canterbury CT1 6NR\ U[K[ i Max!Planck!Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik\ 74637 Garchin`\ Germany j ESTEC\ 1199 AG Noordwijk\ The Netherlands k NASA Johnson Space Center\ Houston\ Texas 66947\ U[S[A[ b
Received 8 April 0887^ received in revised form 04 April 0887^ accepted 5 September 0887
Abstract Between January 0882ÐDecember 0884\ the Galileo spacecraft traversed interplanetary space between Earth and Jupiter and arrived at Jupiter on 6 December 0884[ The dust instrument onboard the spacecraft was operating during most of the time and data from the instrument were obtained via memory readouts which occurred at rates between twice per day and once per week[ All events were classi_ed by an onboard program into 13 categories[ Noise events were usually restricted to the lowest categories "class 9#[ During Galileo|s passage through Jupiter|s radiation belts on 6 December 0884\ several of the higher categories "classes 0 and 1# also show evidence for contamination by noise[ The highest categories "class 2# were noise!free all the time[ A relatively constant impact rate of interplanetary and interstellar "big# particles of 9[3 impacts per day was detected over the whole three!year time span[ In the outer solar system "outside about 1[5 AU# they are mostly of interstellar origin\ whereas in the inner solar system they are mostly interplanetary particles[ Within about 0[6 AU from Jupiter intense streams of small dust particles were detected with impact rates of up to 19\999 per day whose impact directions are compatible with a Jovian origin[ Two di}erent populations of dust particles were detected in Jovian magnetosphere] small stream particles during Galileo|s approach to the planet and big particles concentrated closer to Jupiter between the Galilean satellites[ There is strong evidence that the dust stream particles are orders of magnitude smaller in mass and faster than the instrument|s calibration\ whereas the calibration is valid for the big particles[ Because the data transmission rate was very low\ the complete data set for only a small fraction "1414# of all detected particles could be transmitted to Earth^ the other particles were only counted[ Together with the 247 particles published earlier\ information about 1772 particles detected by the dust instrument during Galileo|s six years| journey to Jupiter is now available[ Þ 0888 Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved[
0[ Introduction The dust sensors onboard the Galileo and Ulysses spa! cecraft are highly sensitive impact ionization detectors[ The two nearly identical sensors have been described in detail by Grun et al[ "0881a\b^ 0884a#[ Results from the dust experiments on both spacecraft have been published Corresponding author[ Fax] ¦38 5110 405 213^ e!mail] kruegerÝ galileo[mpi!hd[mpg[de
frequently] Grun et al[ "0881c# published early results from both missions\ and dust originating from comets and asteroids has been considered by Riemann and Grun "0881#\ Hamilton and Burns "0881# and Grun et al[ "0883#[ Dust streams originating from the Jovian system and interstellar dust particles have been discovered with the Ulysses detector "Grun et al[\ 0882#[ these were later con_rmed by Galileo "Baguhl et al[\ 0884^ Grun et al[\ 0885a#[ Grun et al[ "0885b# discuss dust particles detected a few days around Galileo|s Io ~yby on 6 December 0884[
9921Ð9522:88:, ! see front matter Þ 0888 Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved[ PII] S 9 9 2 1 Ð 9 5 2 2 " 8 7 # 9 9 9 8 6 Ð X
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During its orbital tour within the Jovian magnetosphere Galileo has demonstrated the electromagnetic interaction of submicron!sized dust particles with Jupiter|s magnetic _eld "Grun et al[\ 0886^ 0887#[ The data from both instru! ments*Galileo and Ulysses*have been used to model the interplanetary meteoroid populations "Divine\ 0882^ Grun et al[\ 0886c# and to compare the mass distribution of interstellar particles derived from in!situ measure! ments with that obtained from astronomical observations "Baguhl et al[\ 0885^ Landgraf and Grun\ 0887#[ Finally\ Zook et al[ "0885# and Horanyi et al[ "0886# used data from both spacecraft to model the Jovian dust streams[ This is the fourth paper in a series dedicated to pre! senting both raw and reduced data from Galileo and Ulysses dust instruments[ Grun et al[ "0884a^ hereafter\ Paper I# described the reduction process of Galileo and Ulysses data[ Papers II and III "Grun et al[\ 0884b\c# contain the data sets from the initial three and two years of the Galileo and Ulysses missions\ respectively[ In the case of Galileo the time period covered "Paper II# was December 0878ÐDecember 0881[ In the current paper we extend the Galileo data set from January 0882ÐDecember 0884[ In a companion paper "Kruger et al[\ 0887\ Paper V# we publish the Ulysses data set for the same time period[ The main data products are a table of the impact rate of all impacts determined from the particle accumu! lators and a table of both raw and reduced data of all {big| impacts received on the ground[ The information presented in these papers is similar to data which we are submitting to the various data archiving centers "Plan! etary Data System\ NSSDC\ etc[#[ The only di}erence is that the paper version does not contain the full data set of the large numbers of {small| particles[ Electronic access to the full data set is also possible via the world wide web] http]::galileo[mpi!hd[mpg[de[ This paper is organised similarly to Paper II[ Section 1 gives a brief overview of the Galileo mission until the end of 0884\ the dust instrument and lists important mission events during the 0882Ð84 period[ A description of the Galileo dust data set for 0882Ð84\ together with a dis! cussion of the detected impact rate\ is given in Sect[ 2[ Section 3 analyses and discusses various characteristics of the new data set[ We dedicate Section 4 to an analysis of the dust particles and the noise events detected around Io ~yby on 6 December 0884[ Finally\ Section 5 sum! marizes our results[
1[ Mission and instrument operation Galileo was launched on 07 October 0878[ During the initial three years of the mission\ Galileo was in the inner solar system and had ~ybys of Venus\ Earth and the asteroid Gaspra[ After its second Earth ~yby in December 0881\ Galileo had enough energy to leave the inner solar system\ ~y by the asteroid Ida\ and reach
Fig[ 0[ Galileo|s interplanetary trajectory from launch until the end of 0888 "solid line# and the orbits of Venus\ Earth\ Mars and Jupiter "dashed lines#[ Crosses mark the spacecraft position at the beginning of each year\ diamonds indicate special events in the time interval 0882Ð 84 which is the subject of this paper[
Jupiter in December 0884[ Galileo|s interplanetary tra! jectory is shown in Fig[ 0 with a few important events indicated] on 17 August 0882\ Galileo ~ew by the asteroid Ida^ the atmospheric entry probe was released from the Galileo orbiter on 02 July 0884^ on 6 December 0884 Galileo arrived at Jupiter and*after a swing by at Io* was injected into a highly elliptical orbit about the planet[ Orbital elements of the Galileo trajectory are provided in Table 0[ Galileo now performs regular close ~ybys of Jupiter|s Galilean satellites[ A detailed description of the Galileo mission and the spacecraft are given by Johnson et al[ "0881# and D|Amario et al[ "0881#[ Galileo is a dual spinning spacecraft with an antenna that points antiparallel to the positive spin axis[ During most of the initial three years of the mission the antenna pointed towards the Sun "cf[ Fig[ 1 in Paper II#[ Since
Table 0 Heliocentric orbital elements of Galileo|s interplanetary trajectory for 0882Ð84[ The positional error is less than 499\999 km " 9[992 AU# from 0 Jan 0882Ð0 Jan[ 0884[ The error increases to 1\499\999 km " 9[91 AU# by mid 0884 and to 09\999\999 km " 9[96 AU# by end of 0884[ The increasing error is due to the strong in~uence of Jupiter Epoch Perihelion Eccentricity Inclination Long[ of asc[ node Arg[ of perihelion Mean anomaly True anomaly
3 Sept[ 0882\ 05]37]99 9[87738 AU 9[57437 0[4058> 144[88> 075[60> 35[842> 029[39>
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0882\ the antenna usually points towards Earth[ Devi! ations from the Earth pointing direction between January 0882ÐDecember 0884 are shown in Fig[ 1[ The Dust Detector System "DDS# is mounted on the spinning section of Galileo and the sensor axis is o}set by an angle of 59> from the positive spin axis "Fig[ 2^ an angle of 44> has been erroneously used earlier#[ The rotation angle measures the viewing direction of the dust
Fig[ 1[ Spacecraft attitude] deviation of the antenna pointing direction "i[e[\ negative spin axis# from the Earth direction[ The angles are given in ecliptic longitude "top# and latitude "bottom\ equinox 0849[9#[
Fig[ 2[ Orientation of Galileo and DDS] the antenna "top# points towards Earth and the dust detector "DDS# largely faces the anti!Earth hemisphere[ The sensor axis has an angle of 59> from the positive spin axis "i[e[\ the anti!Earth direction#[ During one spin revolution of the spacecraft\ the sensor axis scans a cone with 019> opening angle[ The dust detector itself has 039> _eld of view "FOV#[ The sensor orientation shown corresponds to a rotation angle of 169> if viewed from the north ecliptic pole[
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sensor at the time of a dust particle impact[ During one spin revolution of the spacecraft the rotation angle scans through a complete circle of 259>[ At rotation angles of 89> and 169>\ the sensor axis lies nearly in the ecliptic plane\ and at 9> it is close to ecliptic north[ DDS rotation angles are taken positive around the negative spin axis of the spacecraft[ This is done to easily compare Galileo impact spin angle data with those taken by Ulysses\ which\ unlike Galileo\ has its positive spin axis pointed towards Earth[ DDS has a 039> wide _eld of view and during one spin revolution of the spacecraft the sensor axis scans a cone with 019> opening angle towards the anti!Earth direction[ Dust particles that arrive from within 09> of the positive spin axis "anti!Earth direction# can be sensed at all rotation angles\ whereas those that arrive at angles from 09Ð029> from the positive spin axis can only be detected over a limited range of rotation angles[ During most of the interplanetary cruise "i[e[\ prior to 6 December 0884#\ we received DDS data as instrument memory!readouts "MROs#[ The MROs returned event data which had accumulated over time in the instrument memory[ Initially\ an MRO contained 03 instrument data frames "with each frame comprising the complete data set of an impact or noise event\ consisting of 017 bits\ plus ancillary and engineering data#[ Since June 0889\ when DDS was reprogrammed for the _rst time after launch\ an MRO contains 35 instrument data frames "cf[ Paper I#[ DDS time!tags each impact event with an 7 bit word allowing for the identi_cation of 145 unique times[ The step size of this time word was also changed from 0[0 to 3[2[ h in the June 0889 reprogramming to allow for longer time periods between MROs without loss of the impact time information[ The total accumulation time is now 145×3[2 h 35 days\ after which the time word is reset and the time labels of older impact events become ambiguous[ MROs usually occurred twice a week which was su.cient to get the time information of the impact events transmitted to Earth within the 35 day period[ The accuracy\ however\ with which the impact time can be determined\ is limited to 3[2 h[ For two periods of a few hours around Io ~yby on 6 December 0884\ the instrument was read!out every few minutes\ the data were stored on Galileo|s tape recorder and transmitted to Earth during the following months "record mode#[ Seven di}erent instrument data frames were read!out this way within about one min "with six frames containing the information of the six most recent impact events\ the so!called A range^ cf[ Paper I#[ although fewer data frames were read!out in this manner at a time\ the number of new events that could be trans! mitted to Earth in a given time period was much larger than with MROs due to the higher read!out cycle[ Fur! thermore\ in record mode the read!out cycle determines the accuracy of the impact time to within a few minutes\ much better than with MROs[
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Table 1 lists signi_cant mission and dust instrument events for the period 0882Ð84[ A comprehensive list of earlier events can be found in Paper II[ After Galileo|s second Earth ~yby on 7 December 0881\ DDS was brought into its nominal operational mode for the rest of the interplanetary cruise to Jupiter] the channeltron voltage was set to 0919 V "HV 1#\ the event de_nition status was set such that the channeltron or the ion!col! lector channel can independently initiate a measurement
cycle "EVD C\ I# and the detection thresholds for ion! collector\ channeltron\ electron!channel and entrance grid were set "SSEN 9\ 9\ 0\ 0#[ Detailed descriptions of these symbols are given in Paper I[ The operational mode of DDS was changed several times during noise tests between 0882Ð0884] starting from the nominal con_guration described above\ all tests have been achieved with the same instrument settings[ The following changes of the instrument con_guration were
Table 1 Galileo mission and dust detector "DDS# con_guration\ tests and other events[ See text for details[ Only selected events are given before 0882 Year!day
Date
Time
Event
78!180 81!232 81!232 81!246 82!055 82!139 82!177 82!290 82!219 82!217 82!244 83!995 83!084 83!084 83!085 83!086 83!109 83!108 83!299 83!201 84!908 84!918 84!924 84!009 84!008 84!073 84!083 84!194 84!194 84!197 84!197 84!198 84!110 84!120 84!239 84!239 84!230 84!230 84!230 84!230 84!230 84!230 84!231 84!231 84!251
07 Oct[ 0878 97 Dec[ 0881 97 Dec[ 0881 11 Dec[ 0881 04 Jun[ 0882 17 Aug[ 0882 04 Oct[ 0882 17 Oct[ 0882 05 Nov[ 0882 13 Nov[ 0882 10 Dec[ 0882 95 Jan[ 0883 03 Jul[ 0883 03 Jul[ 0883 04 Jul[ 0883 05 Jul[ 0883 18 Jul[ 0883 96 Aug[ 0883 16 Oct[ 0883 97 Nov[ 0883 08 Jan[ 0884 18 Jan[ 0884 93 Feb[ 0884 19 Apr[ 0884 18 Apr[ 0884 92 Jul[ 0884 02 Jul[ 0884 14 Jul[ 0884 14 Jul[ 0884 16 Jul[ 0884 16 Jul[ 0884 17 Jul[ 0884 98 Aug[ 0884 08 Aug[ 0884 95 Dec[ 0884 95 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 97 Dec[ 0884 97 Dec[ 0884 17 Dec[ 0884
05]41 04]98 05]98 03]48
Galileo launch Galileo second Earth ~yby DDS con_guration] HV 1\ EVD C\ I\ SSEN 9\ 9\ 0\ 0 DDS _rst MRO after second Earth ~yby Galileo 79 bytes MRO Format Galileo Ida ~yby DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS last MRO before reprogramming DDS counters reset\ new event classi_cation program DDS _rst MRO after reprogramming Galileo start SL 8 observations\ duration] 5 days DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS noise test start DDS noise test end Galileo phase 0 software load DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS last MRO before probe release Galileo probe release DDS con_guration for ODM wake!up burn] HV 9 DDS con_guration] HV 1 DDS con_guration for ODM wake!up burn] HV 9 DDS con_guration] HV 1 DDS _rst MRO after probe release DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS last MRO before Io and Jupiter ~ybys DDS con_guration] HV 0\ EVD I\ SEN 1\ 9\ 1\ 1 Galileo start record data "10 bps DDS data# Galileo Io ~yby\ altitude] 781 km Galileo end record data Galileo Jupiter closest approach\ altitude] 104\999 km Galileo start record data "10 bps DDS data# DDS con_guration] HV o} Galileo start orbit insertion burn\ duration] 38 min Galileo end record data DDS MRO covering Io and Jupiter ~ybys
05]41 94]31 92]16 92]05 90]47 10]96 19]16 00]99 03]24 91]99 99]03 97]03 91]27 92]97 11]45 92]98 06]33 04]08 05]20 93]29 95]43 02]99 95]43 02]99 95]99 95]03 94]39 94]99 94]39 04]10 06]35 07]14 10]43 12]11 12]14 99]16 90]15 00]99
Abbreviations used] MRO] DDS memory read!out^ HV] channeltron high voltage step^ EVD] event de_nition\ ion! "I#\ channeltron! "C#\ or electron! channel "E#^ SSEN] detection thresholds\ ICP\ CCP\ ECP and PCP^ ODM] orbit de~ection maneuver^ SL 8] comet Shoemaker!Levy 8[
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applied at 1Ð2!day intervals] "a# increase the channeltron high voltage by one digital step "HV 2#^ "b# reset the channeltron high voltage to its nominal value "HV 1#^ "c# set the event de_nition status such that the chan! neltron\ the ion collector and the electron!channel can each\ independently\ initiate a measurement cycle "EVD C\ I\ E#^ "d# set the thresholds for all channels to their lowest levels "SSEN 9\ 9\ 9\ 9#^ "e# reset the thre! sholds and the event de_nition status to their nominal con_guration "SSEN 9\ 9\ 0\ 0\ EVD C\ I#[ Note that after step "e#\ DDS is brought back to its nominal con! _guration[ No detectable changes in the noise charac! teristics were revealed by these noise tests[ The instrument memory was not read out between 2Ð 17 July 0884 and no DDS data could be obtained[ In this period the atmospheric entry probe was released from the orbiter and a propulsion system burn occurred during the orbit de~ection maneuver "ODM# of the orbiter[ Within the Jovian magnetosphere a strong increase in the high energy electron ~ux was expected close to Jupiter[ To save the instrument from the hazards associated with Jupiter|s radiation environment\ the channeltron voltage was reduced and the detection thresholds were increased on 5 December 0884\ 4]39 h "HV 0\ EVD I\ SSEN 1\ 9\ 1\ 1# at a distance of 29 RJ from Jupiter "Jupiter radius\ RJ 60\381 km#[ On 6 December 0884\ 12]14 h\ shortly before insertion of Galileo into Jupiter orbit\ the channeltron high voltage was switched o}[ The Io and Jupiter ~ybys will be discussed in detail in Section 4[
2[ Impact events and classi_cation scheme DDS classi_es all events*real impacts of dust particles and noise events*into one of 13 di}erent categories "six amplitude ranges for the charge measured on the ion collector grid and four event classes# and counts them in 13 corresponding accumulators "Paper I#[ Most of the 13 categories are relatively free from noise and only sensitive to real dust impacts\ except for extreme situations like the crossings of the radiation belts of Earth\ Venus "Paper II# and Jupiter "6 December 0884\ Sect[ 4#[ During most of Galileo|s initial three years of interplanetary cruise since launch\ only the lowest amplitude and class cat! egories*AC90 "event class 9\ amplitude range 0\ AR0#\ AC00\ and AC91*were contaminated by noise events "Paper II#[ In a detailed analysis of the Ulysses data set published in Paper III\ Baguhl et al[ "0882# identi_ed a large number of {small| impacts in the three lowest categories[ They deduced a modi_ed event classi_cation scheme that allows for a better discrimination between noise events and real dust impacts[ The modi_ed scheme was loaded to the instrument computer on board Galileo during the second reprogramming of DDS on 03 July 0883 and
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is shown in Table 2[ The de_nition of class 2 remains unchanged with respect to the old scheme published in Paper I[ Classes 0 and 1 are now divided into two subclasses[ With the modi_ed scheme\ noise events are now usually restricted to class 9[ Class 2 always contains good dust impacts "two AC20 events were rejected which occurred during a noise test on 04 August 0884 because they did not ful_ll the class 2 classi_cation criteria#[ After the 03 July 0883 reprogramming\ all class 0 and 1 events detected in the low radiation environment of inter! planetary space are true dust impacts[ Dust impacts which do not ful_ll the criteria of classes 0\ 1 or 2 are automatically assigned class 9[ Therefore\ class 9 may still contain good dust impacts\ especially in the higher amplitude ranges[ Although noise events are now nor! mally restricted to class 9\ classes 0 and 1 are also con! taminated by noise in extreme radiation environments "Section 4#[ With the modi_ed scheme\ the mass sen! sitivity of the instrument could be improved by a factor of eight and the number of dust particles identi_ed in the Ulysses data set from October 0889ÐDecember 0881 was enhanced from 222 to 857 "Baguhl et al[\ 0882#[ Table 3 lists the number of all dust impacts identi_ed with the Galileo dust sensor between 0 January 0882Ð20 December 0884[ Before 03 July 0883\ the particles were classi_ed with the old classi_cation scheme whereas after! wards the modi_ed scheme was applied[ The number of impacts is typically given in intervals of about one week\ depending on the occurrence of MROs[ When the fre! quency of MROs was higher or when no impact was recorded\ MROs were put together[ Typically\ MROs occurred twice per week[ In interplanetary space where the impact rate was roughly one impact per two days "see below# this was su.cient to receive the complete information of all particles[ During the occurrence of dust streams when the impact rates in the lowest ampli! tude range "AR0# were higher by several orders of mag! nitude the full information of only a small fraction of all detected particles could be transmitted to Earth[ In this case the impact rates had to be deduced from the accumu! lators[ The frequency of MROs limits the maximum impact rate of dust particles that can be determined from the accumulators[ If an unknown number of accumulator over~ows occurs between individual MROs the number of particles and\ hence\ the impact rate deduced is only a lower limit to the real dust impact rate[ With MROs occurring every few days\ impact rates of up to 099 per day could be determined from the accumulators[ Between the end of July and October 0884\ when the strongest dust streams were observed\ MROs were transmitted to Earth usually daily\ sometimes even more frequently[ During the occurrence of the most intensive dust streams MROs were split!up and transmitted in two segments separated by about 14 min[ This way rates of up to 19\999 impacts per day could be determined from the
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Table 2 Galileo DDS on board classi_cation scheme as derived from the analysis of Baguhl et al[ "0882#[ This scheme was implemented in the instrument computer onboard Galileo during the 03 July 0883 reprogramming[ Note that classes 0 and 1 are now divided into two di}erent subclasses which are mutually exclusive[ See Paper I for a detailed explanation of the instrument parameters Parameters
CLN 9
Iongrid amplitude "IA# Target amplitude "EA# Channeltron amplitude "CA# Flighttime target!iongrid "EIT#
IA × 9 or EA × 9 or CA × 9
Target!iongrid coincidence "EIC# Channeltron!iongrid coincidence "ICC# Noise counter of] target "EN# iongrid "IN# channeltron "CN# EA risetime "ET# IA risetime "IT#
CLN 0
CLN 1
IA × 9 EA × 9
IA × 9 EA × 9
CA × 9 EIT 9 or EIT 04 EIC 0
accumulators over such short time intervals[ Entries in Table 3 indicated by {è| signs\ give the number of impacts determined from the accumulators in the lowest ampli! tude range over the 14 min interval[ No over~ows of the accumulators for the higher amplitude ranges "AR1 to AR5# occurred between MROs even during the most intensive dust streams[ During the strongest dust streams\ however\ the e}ective measurement time for such par! ticles was signi_cantly reduced due to deadtime "cf[ Fig[ 8#[ In this paper the terms {small| and {big| do not have the same meaning as in Paper II[ Here we call all particles in classes 0\ 1 and 2 in the amplitude ranges 1 and higher "AR1 to AR5# {big|[ Particles in the lowest amplitude range "AR0# are called {small|[ This distinction separates the small Jovian dust stream particles from big particles of interplanetary or interstellar origin "cf[ Fig[ 8#[ The total dust impact rate recorded by DDS from 0882Ð84 is shown in Fig[ 3[ During this three year time span\ the average impact rate of big particles "AR1ÐAR5# was rather constant\ with 9[3 impacts per day[ From the beginning of 0882 until the _rst half of 0883 \ the average impact rate of small particles "AR0# was about an order of magnitude lower[ Later the small particles dominated the overall impact rate[ No increase in the impact rate was detected during the Ida ~yby on 17 August 0882 and during the passage through the asteroid belt[ This is consistent with the absence of an enhance impact rate during the Gaspra ~yby two years earlier\ and it is in agreement with the predictions of Hamilton and Burns "0881#[ DDS detected the _rst Jovian dust stream on 14 June 0883 with a peak rate of 09 impacts per day[ At this time Galileo was still about 0[6 AU away from Jupiter[ During the dust streams detected later and closer to Jup!
CA × 9 2 ³ EIT ³ 04
EIC 9 ICC 0 EN ¾ 7 IN ¾ 03 CN ¾ 03
CLN 2 IA × 9 EA × 9 CA × 9 2 ³ EIT ³ 04
EIC 9 ICC 0 EN ¾ 7 IN ¾ 1 CN ¾ 1 0 ¾ ET ¾ 04 0 ¾ IT ¾ 04
Fig[ 3[ Total dust impact rate detected by DDS as a function of time before "dotted line# and after the reprogramming on 03 July 0883 "solid line#[ The dotted line is a running average over 8 impacts[ The data gap in summer 0884 is due to the release of Galileo|s atmospheric entry probe[
iter an impact rate of up to 19\999 per day has been detected[ Although such an impact rate is close to the technical limit of Galileo\ the data indicate that unde! tected accumulator over~ows did not occur frequently[ A detailed discussion of the Jovian dust streams detected with DDS is given by Grun et al[ "0885a#[ Table 4 lists all 284 big particles detected in classes 0Ð 2 between January 0882ÐDecember 0884 for which the complete information exists "Note that this table includes 36 class 0 and 1 events around Io and Jupiter ~ybys which are possibly noise events^ see Section 4#[ We do not list the small particles "AR0# in Table 4 because their masses and velocities are outside the calibrated range of DDS[ The stream particles are believed to be about 09 nm in
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
size and their velocities exceed 199 km:s "Zook et al[\ 0885#[ Any mass and velocity calibration of these par! ticles would be unreliable[ The complete information of a total of 1029 small particles has been transmitted to Earth from 0882Ð84[ The full data set of all 1414 small and big particles is available in electronic form[ In Table 4\ dust particles are identi_ed by their sequence number and their impact time[ Gaps in the sequence number are due to the omission of the small particles[ The event category*class "CLN# and ampli! tude range "AR#*are given[ Raw data as transmitted to Earth are displayed in the next columns] sector value "SEC# which is the spacecraft spin orientation at the time of impact\ impact charge numbers "IA\ EA\ CA# and rise times "IT\ ET#\ time di}erence and coincidence of elec! tron and ion signals "EIT\ EIC#\ coincidence of ion and channeltron signal "IIC#\ charge reading at the entrance grid "PA# and time "PET# between this signal and the impact[ Then the instrument con_guration is given] event de_nition "EVD#\ charge sensing thresholds "ICP\ ECP\ CCP\ PCP# and channeltron high voltage step "HV#[ See Paper I for further explanation of the instru! ment parameters[ The next four columns in Table 4 give information about Galileo|s orbit] heliocentric distance "R#\ ecliptic longitude and latitude "LON\ LAT# and distance from Jupiter "DJup#[ The next column gives the rotation angle "ROT# as described in Section 1[ Whenever this value is unknown\ ROT is arbitrarily set to 888[ This occurs 10 times "79 times in the full data set that includes the small particles#[ Then follows the pointing direction of DDS at the time of particle impact in ecliptic longitude and lati! tude "SLON\ SLAT#[ When ROT is not valid\ SLON and SLAT are also useless[ Mean impact velocity "V# and velocity error factor "VEF\ i[e[\ multiply or divide stated velocity by VEF to obtain upper or lower limits# as well as mean particle mass "M# and mass error factor "MEF# are given in the last columns[ For VEF × 5\ both velocity and mass values should be discarded[ This occurs for _ve impacts[ No intrinsic dust charge values are given "see Svestka et al[\ 0885 for a detailed analysis#[
3[ Analysis The positive charge measured on the ion collector\ QI\ is the most important impact parameter determined by DDS because it is rather insensitive to noise[ Figure 4 shows the distribution of QI for the full data set "small and big particles# from 0882Ð84[ Ion impact charges have been detected over the entire range of six orders of mag! nitude that the instrument can measure[ Two impacts "about 9[0) of the total# are close to the saturation limit of QI ½ 09−7 C and may thus constitute lower limits of the actual impact charges[ The impact charge distribution of the big particles "QI × 09−02 C# follows a power law
80
Fig[ 4[ Amplitude distribution of the impact charge QI for particles detected between 0882Ð84[ The solid line indicates the number of impacts per charge interval\ whereas the dotted line shows the cumu! lative distribution[ Vertical bars indicate the zn statistical ~uctuation[ A power law _t to the data with QI × 09−02 C is shown as a dashed line "power law index −9[32#[
with index −9[32 and is shown as a dashed line[ This slope is steeper than the value of −0:2 given for Galileo in Paper II and ~atter than the −0:1 given for Ulysses in Paper III[ It indicates that\ on average\ Galileo has detected smaller particles in the outer solar system than in the inner solar system[ This is in agreement with a larger contribution of interstellar particles further away from the Sun[ Note that the Jovian steam particles "AR0# have been excluded from the power law _t[ In Fig[ 4\ the small particles "QI ³ 09−02 C# are put together in two histogram bins[ To analyse their behavior in more detail\ their number per individual digital step is shown separately in Fig[ 5[ The distribution ~attens for impact charges below 1×09−03 C[ This indicates that the sensitivity threshold of DDS may not be sharp and the number of impacts with the lowest impact charges QI may not be complete[ The impact charge distribution for these small particles above QI × 1×09−03 C follows a power law with index −0[8[ This indicates that the size distribution of the small stream particles rises steeply towards smaller particles and is much steeper than the distribution of the big particles shown in Fig[ 4[ The ratio of the channeltron charge QC and the ion collector charge QI is a measure of the channeltron ampli! _cation A which is an important parameter for the dust impact identi_cation "Paper I#[ The in!~ight channeltron ampli_cation was determined in Paper II for the initial three years of the Galileo mission[ For a channeltron high voltage of 0919 V "HV 1#\ the ampli_cation QC:QI obtained for 09−01 C ¾ QI ¾ 09−09C was A ½ 0[5[ Here we repeat the same analysis for the time period 0882Ð84 to identify any degrading of the channeltron[ Figure 6 shows the charge ratio QC:QI as a function of QI for the same high voltage as in Paper II[ The charge ratio QC:QI determined for 09−01 C ¾ QI ¾ 09−09 C is A ½ 0[3[ Thus\ no signi_cant aging of the channeltron is detectable[ We
Time
R "AU#
Dt "d#
82!911 82!928 82!950 82!973 82!091
05]37 11]42 91]27 92]98 07]13
0[025 0[156 0[349 0[559 0[729
82!005 82!029 82!033 82!041 82!052
06]42 05]48 06]92 06]32 08]95
82!198 82!111 82!122 82!131 82!148
AC 90
AC 00
AC 10
AC 20
AC 91
AC 01
AC 11
AC 21
AC 92
AC 02
AC 12
AC 22
AC 93
AC 03
AC 13
AC 23
AC 94
AC 04
AC 14
AC 24
AC 95
AC 05
AC 15
AC 25
14[9 06[2 10[1 12[9 07[5
* * * * *
1 * 3 1 1
5 2 2 1 *
0 * * * *
1 0 2 3 0
* * * * *
2 * 0 * *
0 * * * *
3 0 2 0 0
* * * * *
1 * 2 1 *
* * * * *
0 0 0 0 *
* * * * *
1 * * * *
0 * * * *
1 * 1 0 *
* * * * *
0 * 0 * 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
0[845 1[979 1[190 1[158 1[251
03[9 03[9 03[9 7[9 00[0
* * * * *
* * 1 * *
1 0 0 0 *
* * * * *
0 2 0 * 0
* * * * *
1 * 0 * *
* * * * *
2 1 1 0 1
* * * * *
0 * * * *
* * * * *
0 * 0 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
06]30 11]02 00]09 96]16 90]35
1[614 1[712 1[788 1[851 2[967
34[8 02[1 09[4 7[7 05[7
* * * * *
* * * * *
3 * 1 * *
* * * * *
1 0 * 0 3
* * * * *
1 * * 0 *
* * * * *
3 0 0 0 2
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
2 0 1 * 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
82!157 82!164 82!173 82!186 82!205
95]37 00]40 19]40 12]00 92]19
2[039 2[076 2[137 2[220 2[332
8[1 6[1 8[3 02[0 07[1
* * * * *
* * * 0 0
* * 0 0 0
* * * * *
0 0 * * 0
* * * * *
* * * * 0
* * * * *
* 2 0 * 3
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 * 0 1
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
82!213 82!223 82!231 82!249 82!246
90]35 99]96 92]93 92]94 19]98
2[389 2[438 2[484 2[530 2[572
6[8 8[8 7[0 7[9 6[6
* * * * *
* * 0 * *
0 * 0 * 1
* * * * *
* 0 1 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 0 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
83!991 83!903 83!921 83!933 83!944
08]34 08[18 19]08 19]19 04]38
2[627 2[790 2[783 2[843 3[995
09[9 01[9 07[9 01[9 09[7
* * * * *
0 * 0 * *
* 0 2 1 0
* * * * *
* * 1 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
1 2 0 1 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 1 * 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
83!952 83!963 83!974 83!982 83!090
08[98 02]03 02]93 02]94 96]93
3[934 3[984 3[034 3[070 3[103
7[0 09[7 00[9 7[9 6[6
* * * * *
* 2 3 * *
* 1 0 0 *
* * * * *
1 0 0 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 * * 2
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
83!098 83!016 83!024 83!031 83!049
96]94 93]40 01]33 03]18 95]03
3[138 3[212 3[245 3[273 3[303
7[9 06[8 7[2 6[0 6[6
* * * * *
2 1 * 0 *
* 0 * * *
* * * * *
* 1 0 1 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
2 * 1 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * 0 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
83!050 83!058 83!066 83!074 83!084
94]02 95]13 01]27 94]28 09]09
3[344 3[374 3[404 3[432 3[467
00[9 7[9 7[2 6[6 09[1
* * * * *
* 1 05 5 *
0 * 0 0 0
* * * * *
* 2 0 * 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 * * 0
1 * 0 * *
* 0 * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
Date
81
Table 3 Overview of dust impacts accumulated with Galileo DDS between 0 January 0882Ð20 December 0884[ Days 83Ð084 when no data were received due to the instrument reprogramming\ is indicated by a horizontal line[ The heliocentric distance R\ the lengths of the time interval Dt "days# from the previous table entry\ and the corresponding numbers of impacts are given for the 13 accumulators[ The accumulators are arranged with increasing signal amplitude ranges "AR#\ with four event classes for each amplitude range "CLN 9\ 0\ 1\ 2#^ e[g[\ AC20 means counter for AR 0 and CLN 2[ Entries for accumulators that usually contain noise events are marked by { | signs[ Entries marked by {è| denote numbers of impacts counted over 14 min intervals[ The Dt in the _rst line "82!911# is the time interval counted from the last entry in Table 2 in Paper II[ The totals of counted impacts\ of impacts with complete data\ and of all events "noise plus impact events# for the entire period are also given[ Note that the totals of counted impacts in amplitude range 0 are not complete due to accumulator over~ow during the dust streams
3[468 3[594 3[522 3[546 3[687
9[2 6[8 7[5 6[3 35[8
** ÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ 2 0 * * * * * * 0 1 11 2
83!163 83!173 83!181 83!299 83!298
08]18 11]94 95]04 90]34 07[29
3[711 3[749 3[758 3[778 3[802
7[5 09[0 6[2 6[7 8[6
* * * * *
1 1 2 6 6
* * * * 3
* * * * *
1 0 0 0 *
2 2 2 * 2
* * * * *
* 0 * * *
* * 2 1 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
83!207 83!216 83!232 83!240 83!251
08[27 91]02 12]42 92]94 91]34
3[824 3[843 3[881 4[996 4[929
8[9 7[2 05[8 6[0 00[9
* * 0 * 0
1 0 4 0 089
0 0 1 * 28
0 * 0 * *
0 * * * *
* 0 2 0 1
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 0 1 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!996 84!910 84!918 84!933 84!950
91]10 10]38 91]07 12]12 19]33
4[949 4[967 4[980 4[007 4[034
09[9 03[7 6[1 04[8 05[8
1 1 0 0 *
031 4 1 06 28
87 * * 4 09
* * * * *
* * 1 * 1
0 * 0 * *
* * * * *
* 0 * * 0
* * 0 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!965 84!975 84!985 84!093 84!002
12]97 00]18 06]09 07]17 02]47
4[057 4[070 4[083 4[193 4[103
04[0 8[4 09[1 7[0 7[7
* 0 0 1 0
5 369 487 273 6
* 206 181 167 *
* * * * *
1 0 3 0 0
3 0 0 0 *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
0 * * * 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!010 84!017 84!027 84!038 84!048
01]16 05]13 05]93 05]48 09]17
4[112 4[120 4[130 4[140 4[148
6[8 6[1 09[9 00[9 8[6
* * * 2 *
3 07 7 00 05
1 4 * * 4
* * * * *
* * * 0 *
* * * 1 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 0 * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!055 84!066 84!198 84!106 84!113
09]28 01]98 94]48 91]20 94]06
4[153 4[161 4[178 4[181 4[183
6[9 00[0 20[6 6[8 6[0
* * * * *
7 42 09è 199è 100è
0 09 0è 63è 53è
* * * * *
* * 1 0 4
* * 2 1 1
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * 0 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!123 84!133 84!141 84!151 84!161
97]28 04]33 90]25 91]96 99]45
4[186 4[188 4[188 4[299 4[188
09[0 09[2 6[3 09[9 09[9
* * * * *
1è 34è 09è 0è 3è
0è 09è 5è 1è 9è
* * * * *
3 4 0 0 0
* 4 2 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!173 84!188 84!212 84!222 84!239
11]17 01]37 99]01 99]10 94]26
4[187 4[183 4[174 4[179 4[166
01[8 03[5 12[4 09[9 6[1
* 0 0 11 153
09è 76 099 229 578
1è 11 029 182 225
* * 0 * 0
0 * 2 0 0
* 2 0 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * 0 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0422
00 04 75 00 321 28 154
39 01 79 8 2760 736 736
04 0 * * 1974 0133 0133
016
41 02 27 42 109 61 61
4 6 17 01 095 57 57
2 * * * 005 86 86
9
0 0 5 0 19 01 01
0 * 2 0 03 8 8
0 * 2 * 89 75 75
1
* * 3 * 01 4 4
* * 0 * 1 1 1
0 * * * 20 29 29
9
* * * 0 2 9 9
* * 0 * 2 1 1
* * 0 0 7 6 6
9
* * * * 2 2 2
* * 0 * 0 0 0
* * * * 0 0 0
84!230 84!230 84!231 84!251
04]29 4[179 0[3 06]34 4[170 9[0 99]00 4[171 9[2 00]46 4[219 19[4 Impacts "counted# Impacts "complete data# All events "complete data#
*** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ * * * * 1 1 * 0 * 1 3 7
*** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ * * 0 * * * * * * * 1 5
*** ÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐ * * * * 0 * * * * * * 1
*** ÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐ * * * * * * * * * * * *
*** ÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐ* ÐÐÐÐÐ * * * * * * * * * * * *
82
03]94 96]18 11]18 96]10 94]09
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
83!084 83!192 83!100 83!108 83!155
No[
EA CA IT
ET
EIT EIC ICC PA
PET EVD ICP ECP CCP PCP HV R
LON
LAT
DJup
ROT SLON
SLAT
V
VEF
M
MEF
82!997 03]45 82!998 05]38 82!909 03]13 82!909 12]90 82!900 00]47 82!901 99]43 82!904 12]38 82!905 01]34 82!905 01]34 82!905 10]12 82!906 09]19 82!906 09]19 82!908 90]98 82!919 92]91 82!919 92]91 82!911 91]29 82!912 97]30 82!913 12]20 82!916 92]06 82!920 08]16 82!923 92]21 82!926 93]42 82!939 09]21 82!931 11]45 82!934 91]31 82!936 08]13 82!937 01]39 82!949 92]18 82!940 90]93 82!940 07]08 82!941 91]46 82!943 91]13 82!943 12]47 82!944 06]02 82!946 92]33 82!948 92]01 82!952 12]39 82!956 90]90 82!957 96]02 82!957 00]20 82!969 91]10 82!969 91]10 82!960 93]03 82!963 90]05 82!979 10]01 82!970 03]16 82!971 05]19 82!985 97]01 82!986 09]94 82!099 04]34
11 18 10 11 45 7 02 19 01 2 9 29 8 01 41 12 12 38 03 09 09 5 19 8 42 01 38 29 10 14 13 01 13 02 19 14 02 18 10 2 18 44 11 00 6 2 29 5 17 50
09 09 3 0 09 9 04 2 3 04 9 8 04 04 03 3 7 3 9 04 8 9 03 3 5 9 04 6 8 5 01 03 7 03 2 2 04 5 04 04 02 3 02 02 9 0 3 4 5 6
00 5 04 4 4 3 9 00 01 7 9 1 9 9 02 4 04 4 00 9 04 09 04 02 4 3 5 9 9 6 6 9 5 9 00 04 9 4 7 04 9 4 04 01 7 9 4 03 5 9
0 9 0 9 9 9 20 0 0 0 9 4 29 20 9 9 1 9 0 20 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 2 20 9 9 20 9 06 0 9 20 9 03 6 04 9 2 6 0 00 9 2 9 2
004[3 005[5 006[5 007[9 007[5 008[1 012[4 013[0 013[0 013[4 014[9 014[9 015[6 016[7 016[7 018[7 020[9 021[5 023[5 027[8 039[8 032[4 035[0 037[9 038[5 040[5 041[0 042[1 042[7 043[2 043[5 044[8 045[4 046[9 046[5 048[0 051[9 052[7 053[4 053[5 054[4 054[4 055[0 056[5 060[9 060[2 060[7 066[7 067[1 068[4
−0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[2 −0[2 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4
4[03170 4[01098 4[09293 4[98473 4[97494 4[96317 3[88480 3[87421 3[87421 3[86716 3[85669 3[85669 3[82508 3[80429 3[80429 3[76615 3[74214 3[71148 3[67101 3[58593 3[54274 3[48846 3[43219 3[49905 3[35271 3[30801 3[39622 3[27091 3[25541 3[24388 3[23813 3[20689 3[29268 3[18146 3[16918 3[13999 3[05633 3[01188 3[09385 3[09130 3[96838 3[96838 3[95325 3[91346 2[82212 2[81277 2[89881 2[63190 2[61831 2[58119
71 62 034 80 062 888 076 12 35 10 002 199 51 888 888 82 011 37 888 159 066 44 51 145 056 025 248 062 017 85 83 297 35 197 155 71 048 54 82 018 888 888 888 44 40 032 9 194 888 032
06 13 −16 8 −25 888 −25 52 34 53 −5 −22 22 888 888 −5 −29 17 888 −01 −51 12 13 −09 −49 −23 46 −41 −17 −2 −0 20 25 −33 −0 7 −37 10 9 −18 888 888 888 18 21 −28 45 −35 888 −28
1[2 4[1 00[7 69[9 1[9 28[5 3[4 8[6 18[7 1[2 1[2 01[0 1[9 3[4 1[9 34[6 08[9 28[5 1[2 1[9 1[9 1[2 01[6 1[9 25[6 1[9 1[9 04[9 01[6 22[0 1[4 1[2 07[2 1[4 8[6 8[6 1[9 05[2 1[9 6[1 1[9 00[7 1[9 63 18[7 08[9 25[4 6[1 10[5 04[9
0[8 0[8 8[4 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 1[9 0[8 0[8 0[6 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 8[4 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[6
2[6 = 09−09 3[8 = 09−09 4[0 = 09−01 0[5 = 09−03 6[7 = 09−96 8[9 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−00 1[8 = 09−01 0[1 = 09−02 0[2 = 09−09 1[9 = 09−09 4[8 = 09−00 0[1 = 09−09 0[9 = 09−00 1[5 = 09−96 4[8 = 09−03 4[1 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−01 0[7 = 09−09 0[6 = 09−09 3[0 = 09−09 3[7 = 09−00 0[4 = 09−01 0[1 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−00 0[7 = 09−97 0[4 = 09−96 2[3 = 09−00 4[3 = 09−01 2[8 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−98 0[2 = 09−09 1[2 = 09−01 6[3 = 09−00 1[8 = 09−01 3[9 = 09−00 2[2 = 09−09 0[4 = 09−00 7[0 = 09−09 5[4 = 09−02 1[2 = 09−97 8[2 = 09−09 3[1 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−01 0[2 = 09−02 2[4 = 09−03 8[7 = 09−02 7[7 = 09−02 3[0 = 09−01 1[9 = 09−97
09[4 09[2 1589[0 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 01[4 09[4 09[4 6[0 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[0 09[4 09[4 09[4 1589[0 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 6[0
2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0
1 3 2 2 4 5 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 4 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 5
5 01 106 144 086 9 076 37 20 38 139 067 19 9 9 143 122 29 9 024 083 14 19 027 190 112 54 086 118 141 142 090 20 061 020 5 196 07 143 117 9 9 9 14 17 107 53 063 9 107
00 14 08 12 44 48 02 01 11 12 00 15 00 00 41 08 09 15 01 01 08 01 01 00 38 46 41 15 10 10 19 01 08 09 01 14 02 12 02 01 17 49 7 7 17 00 13 00 12 48
2 17 06 00 20 20 0 1 09 00 0 17 6 0 20 13 0 06 0 8 00 00 0 0 10 29 06 15 8 2 14 0 02 6 1 06 0 17 06 0 14 10 0 06 08 0 00 0 06 20
02 00 03 2 03 3 01 09 4 00 02 8 04 01 01 4 7 3 02 04 01 02 8 04 6 02 04 8 6 4 01 02 6 04 09 7 03 8 03 00 02 03 04 00 4 7 5 00 6 8
9 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 36 06 16 36 20 36 11 06 36 36 09 6 36 36 32 13 36 10 5 8 02 13 06 36 20 29 7 36 35 32 36 32 36 13 13 36 36 8 5 16 52 12 2 01 19 36 03 36 20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0[94030 0[94578 0[95047 0[95238 0[95539 0[95823 0[98105 0[98432 0[98432 0[98652 0[09985 0[09985 0[00006 0[00704 0[00704 0[02018 0[02875 0[04002 0[05545 0[19028 0[10835 0[13257 0[15885 0[18970 0[29783 0[22089 0[22796 0[24192 0[24872 0[25598 0[25812 0[27544 0[28336 0[39971 0[30245 0[32005 0[36360 0[49124 0[40266 0[40439 0[42901 0[42901 0[42883 0[45508 0[51761 0[52420 0[53419 0[66929 0[67903 0[79851
088 199 062 086 037 888 023 074 087 073 080 011 199 888 888 078 076 065 888 66 027 079 104 098 079 196 050 062 100 107 107 003 109 029 097 107 089 105 107 109 888 888 888 102 101 192 052 021 888 192
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
259 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 269 260 261 262 263 265 266 267 268 279 270 271 272 273 275 277 278 289 280 281 282 284 285 286 287 288 390 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 300 301 302 305 306 307
IMP[ DATE CLN AR SEC IA
83
Table 4 DPF data] No[\ impact time\ CLN\ AR\ SEC\ IA\ EA\ CA\ IT\ ET\ EIT\ EIC\ ICC\ PA\ PET\ EVD\ ICP\ ECP\ CCP\ PCP\ HV and evaluated data] R\ LON\ LAT\ DJup\ rotation angle "ROT#\ instr[ pointing "SLON\ SLAT#\ speed "V#\ speed error factor "VEF#\ mass "V# and mass error factor "MEF#[ For entries with HV X\ the channeltron high voltage was switched o}
82!092 01[35 82!093 95]90 82!093 95]90 82!096 04[48 82!097 98]04 82!097 11]00 82!098 04]16 82!003 05]03 82!003 19]22 82!005 04]31 82!006 93]27 82!019 94]48 82!011 94]15 82!015 97]28 82!015 01]47 82!018 94]30 82!020 98]16 82!021 08]47 82!026 19]34 82!039 93]49 82!032 90]41 82!033 01]12 82!035 05]98 82!037 91]28 82!043 90]90 82!044 96]02 82!046 04]07 82!056 92]46 82!058 19]39 82!062 04]04 82!070 99]97 82!070 02]93 82!074 19]26 82!076 19]93 82!078 04]01 82!080 90]32 82!082 90]09 82!083 92]93 82!085 04]16 82!086 93]13 82!086 02]91 82!191 02]38 82!107 99]49 82!107 07]94 82!110 04]96 82!112 07]42 82!115 04]43 82!116 93]40 82!116 02]18 82!120 01]12 82!122 05]98 82!126 09]34 82!130 02]47 82!132 98]96
0 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 0 2 2
1 1 2 5 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 1
59 128 64 048 121 48 075 132 8 109 118 3 116 010 4 104 07 82 016 05 044 61 054 23 139 9 12 29 10 127 8 69 7 09 007 060 87 33 102 135 035 02 18 141 46 083 123 125 14 140 40 39 9 21
02 00 10 46 10 19 04 13 08 08 00 19 7 04 09 10 10 03 8 13 08 19 01 19 12 08 02 11 15 14 10 8 19 04 00 19 19 17 09 04 12 03 10 14 02 8 11 14 18 00 00 10 11 03
01 09 14 46 15 6 7 20 03 7 09 14 10 19 02 13 15 04 19 29 03 01 08 14 18 13 8 16 38 20 15 01 14 6 7 00 12 49 6 10 01 19 15 20 08 00 17 20 49 5 02 11 16 11
1 6 0 20 6 7 5 19 4 5 1 01 0 6 1 06 02 1 0 10 01 5 2 08 03 02 0 16 00 00 09 4 19 09 02 6 5 03 0 7 1 00 6 5 2 6 02 06 18 0 7 8 13 10
09 03 8 04 3 6 02 6 8 03 7 4 3 01 02 5 5 03 01 7 7 03 04 00 5 6 03 3 5 5 3 03 8 09 03 8 5 6 8 09 04 09 3 5 02 01 3 5 4 8 8 3 3 7
04 4 4 04 3 04 9 2 04 8 04 5 03 5 2 09 5 04 2 4 02 0 02 09 4 7 2 3 04 3 4 04 8 03 1 9 4 01 04 09 04 5 3 3 09 03 3 3 00 8 09 09 3 3
9 03 6 00 4 5 6 4 9 9 9 5 04 04 03 5 5 9 01 4 9 7 9 5 4 5 02 4 4 4 4 9 5 9 03 00 5 4 9 5 9 9 4 5 8 9 4 4 4 9 4 9 4 5
0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00 36 36 14 35 48 38 36 36 5 36 34 12 08 07 31 35 36 08 36 36 7 34 09 36 33 45 36 36 36 35 2 33 7 01 07 32 36 06 39 6 7 35 36 27 25 36 36 36 11 9 36 36 31
20 1 9 1 9 0 1 9 20 12 20 9 2 0 1 9 9 20 0 9 06 9 16 9 9 9 1 03 9 9 9 20 9 05 0 0 9 9 20 9 18 7 9 9 9 07 9 9 9 09 9 16 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0[72464 0[73117 0[73117 0[76219 0[76858 0[77345 0[78094 0[82529 0[82680 0[84399 0[84771 0[87596 1[99252 1[93919 1[93068 1[95440 1[97330 1[98587 1[03963 1[05982 1[07455 1[08688 1[10530 1[11754 1[16772 1[17839 1[29786 1[27675 1[39882 1[33952 1[38880 1[49311 1[42737 1[44397 1[45711 1[46838 1[48382 1[59221 1[51173 1[51690 1[51868 1[55735 1[67363 1[68995 1[70014 1[71695 1[73792 1[74084 1[74345 1[77202 1[78751 1[81444 1[84370 1[85634
079[5 079[8 079[8 071[0 071[3 071[5 071[7 073[5 073[5 074[1 074[3 075[3 076[9 077[2 077[3 078[1 078[7 089[1 080[6 081[2 082[0 082[3 083[9 083[3 084[8 085[1 085[6 087[8 088[4 199[2 190[8 191[9 191[7 192[1 192[5 192[7 193[1 193[3 193[8 194[9 194[0 195[9 197[5 197[6 198[1 198[4 109[9 109[0 109[0 109[6 100[0 100[5 101[1 101[4
−0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[9 −0[9
2[54871 2[54072 2[54072 2[50326 2[59548 2[59968 2[48296 2[43904 2[42718 2[40873 2[40324 2[37259 2[35392 2[31283 2[31111 2[28557 2[26546 2[25221 2[20680 2[18620 2[16127 2[15998 2[13075 2[11873 2[07028 2[06023 2[04177 2[97918 2[95938 2[92229 1[87082 1[86715 1[83817 1[82512 1[81340 1[80410 1[89143 1[78458 1[76877 1[76540 1[76317 1[73234 1[64274 1[63875 1[62393 1[61122 1[69581 1[69395 1[69104 1[57031 1[56917 1[54097 1[52934 1[51050
5 003 234 115 013 6 077 097 66 044 017 73 020 179 72 037 54 208 160 57 121 238 107 31 002 888 47 37 59 004 66 241 68 65 173 109 201 17 049 093 134 61 38 85 09 066 010 007 44 86 07 23 888 34
060 104 030 006 101 062 040 105 106 083 100 107 109 003 112 195 119 015 002 110 019 042 015 101 111 888 107 103 108 118 129 054 129 129 011 041 032 110 114 132 024 130 123 133 190 082 138 149 136 142 111 125 888 132
44 −07 42 −22 −15 44 −41 −03 00 −35 −18 4 −20 7 4 −32 19 27 0 07 −29 41 −39 26 −07 888 14 21 12 −10 8 40 6 09 09 −36 20 33 −36 −01 −10 02 29 −4 40 −46 −13 −11 17 −4 49 31 888 24
8[6 1[9 19[0 1[9 41[5 01[6 1[2 01[6 6[1 1[9 08[9 22[0 69[9 01[8 01[6 04[9 15[3 1[9 3[4 12[2 8[6 1[9 1[9 4[1 21[5 07[2 1[9 41[5 08[9 08[9 36[0 1[0 01[0 8[6 1[9 6[1 21[5 01[6 01[6 09[6 1[9 07[8 41[5 08[9 4[1 2[7 41[5 08[9 18[7 01[6 07[2 28[5 41[5 08[9
0[8 0[8 1[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 1[6 7[2 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 1[9 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8
0[3 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−09 1[3 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−95 5[7 = 09−03 6[2 = 09−02 0[9 = 09−09 3[3 = 09−00 8[1 = 09−01 1[8 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−02 2[3 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−04 1[2 = 09−01 4[2 = 09−02 5[9 = 09−01 8[4 = 09−02 4[0 = 09−09 0[7 = 09−00 3[4 = 09−01 2[8 = 09−01 5[0 = 09−09 3[7 = 09−09 0[1 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−01 1[2 = 09−01 0[6 = 09−09 8[7 = 09−03 1[3 = 09−00 0[4 = 09−00 0[0 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−00 7[2 = 09−02 0[9 = 09−09 5[0 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−09 1[9 = 09−02 3[2 = 09−01 0[9 = 09−98 5[0 = 09−02 5[7 = 09−03 0[4 = 09−00 0[8 = 09−00 0[0 = 09−00 0[1 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−00 8[6 = 09−01 1[9 = 09−02 1[9 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−02 8[7 = 09−03 7[3 = 09−02
09[4 09[4 17[7 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 21[6 0695[7 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 02[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[2 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[2 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4
84
continued over
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
308 319 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 329 320 321 322 323 324 325 327 328 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 349 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 359 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 369 360 361 362 363
85
Table 4 Continued No[
82!137 94]25 82!149 11]07 82!140 08]42 82!141 97]38 82!142 95]12 82!147 04]38 82!148 99]15 82!150 97]20 82!169 01]21 82!160 94]37 82!160 94]37 82!160 03]14 82!164 93]31 82!165 91]06 82!179 94]29 82!182 10]11 82!184 92]23 82!187 06]40 82!290 95]04 82!290 09]23 82!293 19]21 82!295 08]48 82!295 08]48 82!201 94]13 82!203 99]22 82!204 95]34 82!219 19]18 82!212 97]42 82!212 97]42 82!215 03]21 82!222 03]36 82!223 05]39 82!224 90]06 82!225 05]96 82!226 94]93 82!231 07]37 82!249 96]48 82!243 95]43 82!245 08]07 82!248 05]08 82!250 00]17 83!993 93]47 83!993 98]06 83!994 04]18 83!998 09]93 83!900 00]45 83!909 00]46 83!904 93]96 83!907 94]17 83!910 95]37 83!913 10]94
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2
1 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 1 3 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2
138 29 139 125 104 23 5 04 100 125 070 112 111 141 103 074 29 197 137 104 0 115 35 136 00 128 080 128 062 118 144 121 3 1 04 01 32 68 23 6 14 55 6 67 11 9 40 20 136 140 0
03 02 10 13 11 02 19 01 02 10 19 10 13 12 8 7 18 7 12 10 14 09 11 11 14 11 01 29 41 10 7 08 00 01 02 04 09 8 8 19 08 7 12 15 13 08 11 01 7 00 08
EA CA IT 11 08 15 18 16 10 13 19 08 15 19 14 18 18 09 3 41 09 10 14 20 03 16 16 20 16 01 42 43 15 01 11 08 19 3 10 03 2 09 12 12 4 18 38 29 12 15 08 02 08 11
4 00 17 07 7 2 06 6 02 11 06 09 06 17 8 0 17 4 10 3 13 11 01 04 8 6 01 12 16 07 4 01 5 01 09 01 4 09 00 02 4 6 17 19 11 06 17 0 0 0 6
7 09 3 3 3 7 5 8 09 4 7 4 6 4 8 09 7 01 09 3 7 7 3 3 6 3 00 7 04 6 8 7 8 8 09 09 8 09 00 5 6 09 5 09 5 6 3 7 00 7 6
ET 3 09 3 3 4 3 7 4 7 4 3 6 4 4 09 04 4 04 4 3 6 8 4 4 3 3 04 5 02 7 8 09 7 4 04 09 8 04 09 4 7 04 4 04 4 7 3 5 04 8 3
EIT EIC ICC PA 5 6 4 4 5 5 4 5 6 4 02 5 4 4 9 9 4 9 9 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 9 4 4 5 4 5 5 7 9 5 6 9 9 4 5 9 4 5 4 5 4 6 9 6 4
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 0 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 25 35 36 36 30 32 28 25 34 06 34 36 36 1 25 36 06 07 35 36 25 36 36 36 36 36 36 15 34 9 31 27 28 26 30 25 28 9 32 33 9 36 01 36 32 35 28 48 27 31
PET EVD ICP ECP CCP PCP HV R 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 20 20 9 20 00 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 18 9 9 29 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2[99022 2[91990 2[91510 2[91882 2[92500 2[96185 2[96439 2[98012 2[04145 2[04621 2[04621 2[04869 2[07226 2[07815 2[10511 2[29258 2[20051 2[22305 2[23873 2[24985 2[26198 2[27315 2[27315 2[30606 2[31795 2[32455 2[35895 2[37390 2[37390 2[49201 2[43396 2[44921 2[44139 2[45062 2[45372 2[48569 2[52815 2[55018 2[56419 2[58090 2[69973 2[63157 2[63254 2[64928 2[66940 2[66511 2[66511 2[79973 2[70570 2[72155 2[74007
LON 102[1 102[5 102[6 102[7 102[8 103[5 103[6 104[9 105[1 105[2 105[2 105[2 105[7 105[8 106[3 108[9 108[1 108[5 108[8 108[8 119[2 119[4 119[4 110[0 110[2 110[3 111[9 111[2 111[2 111[5 112[2 112[3 112[4 112[5 112[6 113[1 114[9 114[3 114[5 114[8 115[9 115[6 115[7 115[8 116[1 116[2 116[2 116[6 117[9 117[1 117[5
LAT −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6
DJup 1[48700 1[47418 1[47094 1[46741 1[46320 1[43830 1[43667 1[42619 1[38561 1[38250 1[38250 1[38196 1[36569 1[36178 1[34447 1[39935 1[28442 1[27047 1[26082 1[26013 1[24718 1[24976 1[24976 1[22989 1[21321 1[20864 1[18860 1[18968 1[18968 1[16831 1[14408 1[14040 1[14917 1[13368 1[13185 1[11317 1[08833 1[07552 1[06744 1[05827 1[05257 1[02836 1[02780 1[02491 1[01239 1[01909 1[01998 1[09476 1[98554 1[97638 1[96568
ROT SLON 099 37 002 007 037 31 71 58 042 007 084 025 027 85 038 089 37 047 090 037 78 021 14 092 64 003 070 003 196 017 80 013 73 76 58 62 29 228 31 79 44 246 79 239 48 888 07 35 092 86 78
145 136 143 142 128 149 150 159 128 147 075 140 149 145 126 077 137 138 164 147 164 156 140 164 163 162 107 162 076 158 164 160 164 164 177 177 158 197 167 178 173 120 178 198 174 888 147 179 178 178 189
SLAT −7 22 −07 −11 −32 26 6 06 −35 −11 −40 −24 −25 −3 −32 −42 22 −38 −8 −32 0 −22 36 −09 01 −08 −44 −08 −36 −29 −0 −16 3 1 06 02 34 38 26 7 17 43 7 49 14 888 40 23 −09 −4 0
V 08[9 09[6 41[5 41[5 36[0 08[9 11[3 01[6 05[9 39[8 8[6 29[4 15[6 39[8 01[6 8[6 8[6 2[1 3[4 41[5 8[6 13[3 0[5 36[0 01[6 41[5 6[1 8[6 1[4 07[2 08[8 09[6 01[6 01[6 8[6 09[6 08[8 8[6 6[1 21[5 07[2 8[6 21[5 3[4 21[5 07[2 41[5 08[9 3[0 08[9 18[7
VEF 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[6 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 36[0 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 1[9
M
MEF −02
7[3 = 09 1[2 = 09−01 5[7 = 09−03 0[7 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−02 5[0 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−01 0[4 = 09−01 6[8 = 09−02 1[9 = 09−02 6[3 = 09−01 4[9 = 09−02 1[4 = 09−01 3[5 = 09−02 1[7 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−02 3[2 = 09−09 0[3 = 09−00 0[5 = 09−09 4[6 = 09−03 8[6 = 09−00 5[2 = 09−03 0[5 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−02 4[1 = 09−00 8[7 = 09−03 1[7 = 09−01 4[8 = 09−09 0[2 = 09−96 3[0 = 09−01 6[3 = 09−03 6[4 = 09−01 0[0 = 09−01 0[4 = 09−01 2[7 = 09−02 3[2 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−02 0[1 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−02 1[9 = 09−01 0[8 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−01 0[6 = 09−98 0[4 = 09−01 1[9 = 09−01 7[3 = 09−03 2[5 = 09−02 0[9 = 09−00 2[9 = 09−02 1[4 = 09−02
09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 6[2 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 01[0
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
364 365 366 367 368 379 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 499 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 498 409 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 419 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 429
IMP[ DATE CLN AR SEC IA
83!915 05]02 83!916 94]09 83!921 12]02 83!939 92]36 83!930 98]48 83!932 98]15 83!932 11]11 83!932 11]11 83!935 08]13 83!937 12]09 83!938 05]14 83!947 96]29 83!948 98]12 83!954 19]30 83!954 19]30 83!956 96]01 83!961 92]30 83!964 02]28 83!965 91]25 83!989 92]94 83!982 10]30 83!986 05]06 83!987 07]09 83!092 95]90 83!094 03]95 83!096 99]26 83!019 01]09 83!019 01]09 83!010 11]30 83!018 96]22 83!020 91]31 83!020 04]27 83!022 12]32 83!025 05]15 83!039 91]13 83!038 04]92 83!040 07]38 83!042 02]46 83!044 06]33 83!052 91]25 83!054 12]27 83!056 07]35 83!057 96]32 83!058 07]02 83!060 99]14 83!062 93]00 83!071 97]02 83!076 99]11 83!077 04]01 83!089 95]91 83!087 10]95 83!192 02]05 83!192 06[24 83!194 01]32
0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 2 1
1 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1
135 137 03 3 08 196 104 128 74 16 107 059 10 096 130 55 102 69 1 85 075 5 084 018 47 130 124 104 5 137 11 106 02 4 7 17 123 197 35 16 125 128 08 102 06 126 111 38 11 08 134 084 193 113
01 03 00 16 19 03 00 19 03 01 17 03 8 7 19 8 7 01 09 02 19 19 10 12 08 08 02 7 03 11 11 13 09 01 8 09 10 03 11 10 7 00 8 08 09 00 01 01 8 10 19 7 7 7
04 02 08 38 12 03 4 13 01 19 49 19 08 01 13 3 9 3 08 7 10 12 14 15 13 11 4 00 10 16 16 29 03 19 03 02 15 02 16 14 01 04 01 12 03 00 09 01 02 15 12 01 01 4
09 01 0 02 3 00 8 07 00 1 03 5 0 11 00 0 7 5 4 0 00 09 00 15 0 4 00 0 6 4 12 07 0 0 8 4 7 3 08 03 8 0 5 11 6 6 03 00 4 04 15 9 0 0
8 09 7 4 4 00 09 00 00 8 5 8 02 7 4 00 09 00 8 09 7 5 4 09 6 7 09 8 8 3 09 3 7 7 09 8 3 09 09 3 7 7 8 6 8 09 09 00 7 3 5 8 8 8
8 04 6 04 4 09 04 09 04 4 09 7 5 7 3 02 9 04 7 04 02 4 6 00 3 3 04 09 4 3 8 3 8 5 09 09 4 04 04 4 8 8 00 3 09 09 00 04 8 3 3 8 8 04
9 9 5 4 5 9 9 4 9 5 4 09 7 5 4 9 9 9 6 9 4 5 4 7 5 5 9 7 6 4 5 4 6 5 6 8 4 9 4 4 6 6 7 4 7 9 9 9 4 4 4 5 6 9
0 0 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0
25 38 27 36 32 25 39 4 38 30 36 26 36 24 33 8 24 7 27 31 30 32 35 32 34 32 26 9 30 36 7 36 26 28 25 25 35 59 33 35 9 26 9 32 26 9 23 33 25 35 32 25 24 9
9 20 9 9 9 6 20 0 20 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 29 9 20 0 9 9 9 9 9 29 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2[75927 2[75202 2[78120 2[81714 2[82338 2[83313 2[83589 2[83589 2[85099 2[86040 2[86490 3[90549 3[91052 3[94104 3[94104 3[94777 3[97039 3[98600 3[98846 3[05158 3[06823 3[08473 3[19942 3[10883 3[11885 3[12598 3[18150 3[18150 3[18742 3[21745 3[22470 3[22687 3[23623 3[24796 3[26046 3[39752 3[30589 3[31265 3[32084 3[34850 3[36916 3[36578 3[36776 3[37302 3[37762 3[38546 3[41831 3[43476 3[44041 3[44603 3[47563 3[59138 3[59209 3[59809
117[6 117[7 118[1 118[7 118[8 129[0 129[1 129[1 129[3 129[5 129[5 120[2 120[3 120[8 120[8 121[9 121[3 121[5 121[6 122[6 123[9 123[2 123[2 123[6 123[7 123[9 124[8 124[8 125[9 125[4 125[5 125[5 125[7 126[9 126[1 126[7 127[9 127[0 127[1 127[6 127[8 128[9 128[9 128[0 128[1 128[2 128[8 139[1 139[2 139[3 139[8 130[1 130[1 130[2
−9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3
1[96035 1[95876 1[94186 1[92198 1[91735 1[91166 1[91012 1[91012 1[90299 1[99574 1[99379 0[87932 0[86639 0[84822 0[84822 0[84423 0[83089 0[82138 0[82090 0[78163 0[77141 0[76122 0[75832 0[74623 0[74096 0[73611 0[70013 0[70013 0[79631 0[67675 0[67209 0[67056 0[66437 0[65724 0[64821 0[62305 0[61736 0[61262 0[60793 0[58751 0[58092 0[57529 0[57376 0[57097 0[56666 0[56197 0[53678 0[52444 0[52016 0[51588 0[59305 0[48066 0[48018 0[47541
093 090 69 73 52 048 037 003 229 41 032 114 59 299 000 246 049 241 76 204 077 71 065 158 7 000 019 037 71 090 48 034 61 72 68 40 010 047 14 41 007 003 52 049 55 006 027 10 48 52 094 065 052 024
178 178 177 299 186 161 172 187 109 182 175 199 185 083 187 130 179 122 299 199 122 299 140 089 146 187 180 167 184 184 180 179 189 180 180 173 177 155 157 179 172 173 172 156 173 173 165 147 171 172 175 127 143 166
−00 −7 05 3 10 −38 −32 −08 34 29 −39 −24 13 13 −05 43 −34 43 1 24 −42 6 −43 9 43 −05 −12 −32 6 −7 14 −30 04 5 8 20 −13 −38 36 29 −11 −08 10 −34 08 −10 −26 38 14 10 −01 −43 −40 −24
08[8 8[6 08[9 18[7 39[8 6[1 8[6 4[1 6[1 01[6 08[9 07[2 1[2 15[3 34[6 6[1 8[6 6[1 01[6 8[6 8[6 21[5 29[4 4[8 18[7 15[0 8[6 07[2 01[6 41[5 8[4 41[5 13[3 08[9 05[9 07[2 36[0 8[6 2[7 36[0 13[3 13[3 05[9 18[7 07[2 8[6 8[6 6[1 13[3 41[5 25[4 08[8 08[8 01[6
0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 1[9 1[3 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[6 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 1[9 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8
1[1 = 09−02 0[8 = 09−01 2[9 = 09−02 4[0 = 09−01 0[9 = 09−02 4[3 = 09−01 2[0 = 09−02 8[7 = 09−00 2[8 = 09−01 0[4 = 09−01 3[5 = 09−00 5[8 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−09 1[4 = 09−03 6[7 = 09−03 3[5 = 09−02 5[4 = 09−02 6[3 = 09−02 8[0 = 09−02 6[2 = 09−02 8[9 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−02 4[9 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−09 2[5 = 09−02 3[9 = 09−02 3[3 = 09−02 7[8 = 09−03 1[4 = 09−01 8[7 = 09−03 2[5 = 09−00 1[0 = 09−02 5[2 = 09−03 3[2 = 09−02 1[7 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−02 0[8 = 09−01 5[9 = 09−09 8[1 = 09−03 2[1 = 09−03 7[1 = 09−03 1[9 = 09−02 2[9 = 09−02 1[9 = 09−02 7[4 = 09−02 7[5 = 09−02 1[7 = 09−01 3[5 = 09−03 5[7 = 09−03 0[6 = 09−02 6[3 = 09−03 6[3 = 09−03 0[9 = 09−02
5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[2 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 01[0 12[6 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 6[5 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 01[0 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4
86
continued over
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 439 430 431 432 433 434 435 449 441 443 446 447 448 459 452 454 455 456 457 458 461 462 463 464 465 467 468 479 470 471 473 474 476 477 478 489 481 503 504 505 506 508 511 512 513
87
Table 4 Continued No[
83!196 19]37 83!197 03]93 83!101 99]91 83!108 02]02 83!119 09]37 83!110 05]48 83!118 03]38 83!121 92]01 83!122 07]91 83!122 11]10 83!125 09]34 83!127 07]49 83!127 12]97 83!139 11]25 83!130 91]44 83!131 98]96 83!136 98]43 83!137 00]36 83!138 11]07 83!149 91]26 83!145 98]25 83!146 91]41 83!146 04]37 83!147 99]15 83!148 04]05 83!156 93]16 83!156 02]94 83!158 97]02 83!160 05]07 83!161 02]41 83!166 90]32 83!166 95]91 83!167 01]03 83!179 05]99 83!171 00]98 83!171 04]17 83!174 05]37 83!175 03]11 83!176 00]45 83!177 02]49 83!178 04]32 83!180 95]21 83!180 04]09 83!181 10]11 83!184 07]12 83!188 97]39 83!299 09]22 83!290 92]38 83!295 10]41 83!200 03[91 83!204 99]99
1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 0 0 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 1
3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
144 17 032 100 132 131 129 074 2 137 106 040 41 9 23 20 057 069 9 121 54 114 22 116 84 114 0 06 127 0 69 041 39 10 100 110 13 11 124 04 08 41 142 139 36 31 141 194 194 075 9
13 02 02 02 08 09 01 01 7 03 10 08 02 19 19 7 16 09 04 19 15 01 19 7 02 00 02 09 8 01 38 8 10 00 02 02 02 19 03 03 8 19 19 08 7 19 09 7 09 8 00
EA CA IT 16 19 6 10 8 03 19 10 5 10 16 08 19 12 14 01 12 01 11 12 38 19 12 5 10 8 19 02 02 19 40 7 03 19 11 19 19 14 8 11 02 12 14 11 01 12 03 01 02 6 3
16 01 3 9 09 0 0 0 9 9 02 03 0 15 19 9 06 0 0 8 12 0 00 4 09 6 5 01 6 7 15 00 09 4 3 6 01 0 06 01 5 6 5 3 0 19 01 3 0 9 9
03 7 09 7 7 8 8 8 00 8 3 09 7 5 4 8 01 09 7 5 7 8 6 8 7 8 7 09 01 09 6 01 09 8 8 09 09 4 00 8 7 5 4 8 03 8 8 8 7 01 6
ET 03 4 04 3 04 8 4 3 01 04 3 6 4 3 5 8 2 04 3 7 04 4 8 02 3 00 4 00 04 6 4 04 04 4 3 7 5 3 04 4 8 4 4 3 04 00 09 8 8 04 9
EIT EIC ICC PA 9 4 9 5 9 5 5 5 9 9 4 9 5 5 4 6 02 9 5 5 4 6 5 9 4 9 5 8 9 6 3 9 9 7 5 8 6 5 9 5 6 5 4 5 9 6 5 6 7 9 09
0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9
0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9
50 39 32 30 50 25 39 30 29 30 36 28 39 32 34 9 18 07 32 32 36 28 32 9 39 9 28 9 50 28 07 32 51 30 31 27 27 35 28 31 25 33 35 31 12 30 25 9 9 34 1
PET EVD ICP ECP CCP PCP HV R 09 9 29 9 20 9 9 9 06 20 9 6 9 9 9 9 0 20 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 0 20 20 9 9 9 9 9 29 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9 9 9 20 20
0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3[50575 3[50813 3[52937 3[54384 3[54672 3[55074 3[57570 3[58352 3[58853 3[69908 3[69681 3[60494 3[60459 3[61048 3[61103 3[61482 3[63987 3[63306 3[63731 3[63784 3[65629 3[65827 3[66982 3[66086 3[66550 3[68688 3[68899 3[79390 3[70938 3[70186 3[71415 3[71464 3[71805 3[72387 3[72879 3[73917 3[73739 3[74966 3[74203 3[74487 3[74779 3[75290 3[75284 3[75610 3[76350 3[77266 3[77549 3[77720 3[89156 3[80302 3[81128
LON 130[4 130[4 130[6 131[0 131[1 131[2 131[6 131[8 132[9 132[9 132[0 132[2 132[2 132[3 132[3 132[4 132[6 132[7 132[8 132[8 133[2 133[2 133[2 133[2 133[3 133[7 133[8 134[9 134[0 134[0 134[3 134[3 134[4 134[5 134[6 134[6 134[8 134[8 135[9 135[9 135[0 135[1 135[1 135[1 135[3 135[5 135[5 135[6 136[9 136[1 136[3
LAT −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1
DJup 0[47920 0[46739 0[45821 0[43811 0[43571 0[43235 0[41120 0[40446 0[40012 0[40964 0[49288 0[38660 0[38612 0[38080 0[38031 0[37792 0[36335 0[36044 0[35655 0[35606 0[34902 0[33707 0[33561 0[33463 0[33023 0[31968 0[30879 0[30389 0[39740 0[39594 0[28262 0[28213 0[27867 0[27274 0[26780 0[26730 0[25888 0[25640 0[25492 0[25194 0[24896 0[24348 0[24259 0[24900 0[23103 0[22104 0[21803 0[21603 0[20098 0[18790 0[17731
ROT SLON 80 40 138 042 097 009 016 089 75 090 034 127 06 888 31 35 103 100 888 013 248 023 33 020 205 023 78 55 004 78 241 125 23 59 042 028 45 48 019 58 52 06 83 002 13 20 85 051 051 077 888
176 168 067 154 174 174 170 107 175 175 160 070 143 888 164 166 082 084 888 171 129 167 165 168 076 167 176 173 189 181 115 076 165 177 169 179 176 177 178 189 178 159 181 189 156 162 181 151 151 114 888
SLAT 9 20 −06 −36 −03 −04 −18 −42 2 −8 −31 −14 40 888 26 23 −31 −33 888 −16 43 −23 24 −21 25 −23 0 08 −19 0 43 −15 32 13 −35 −27 16 14 −12 06 10 40 −2 −06 37 33 −3 −49 −49 −42 888
V 1[4 08[9 8[6 08[9 8[6 08[8 01[6 01[6 6[1 01[6 41[5 3[4 08[9 25[4 22[0 08[8 1[9 3[6 08[9 11[3 8[6 01[6 05[9 01[6 08[9 01[6 08[9 03[9 2[1 8[6 45[9 3[4 3[4 01[6 01[6 8[6 8[6 34[6 6[1 01[6 13[3 21[5 39[8 11[3 1[0 6[3 07[2 08[8 13[3 3[4 18[7
VEF 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[6 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 1[9 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 2[0 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8
M
MEF −98
2[4 = 09 4[0 = 09−02 5[2 = 09−02 5[0 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−01 0[7 = 09−01 4[3 = 09−02 1[4 = 09−01 6[8 = 09−03 4[8 = 09−00 4[0 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−02 2[3 = 09−02 6[3 = 09−03 6[6 = 09−98 6[5 = 09−01 8[3 = 09−02 8[9 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−09 0[4 = 09−01 2[4 = 09−01 0[1 = 09−02 5[0 = 09−02 2[2 = 09−02 4[0 = 09−02 3[1 = 09−02 1[5 = 09−00 1[8 = 09−01 0[4 = 09−01 3[9 = 09−01 4[0 = 09−00 0[2 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−01 2[3 = 09−01 2[3 = 09−01 8[1 = 09−03 1[3 = 09−01 2[9 = 09−01 3[5 = 09−03 1[4 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−02 5[8 = 09−02 8[9 = 09−00 1[5 = 09−00 1[9 = 09−02 6[3 = 09−03 4[2 = 09−03 2[3 = 09−01 6[1 = 09−04
5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[6 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 01[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 41[7 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
514 515 516 518 529 520 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 539 530 531 533 534 535 536 538 549 540 541 550 551 552 554 556 557 558 560 561 562 564 565 567 568 579 570 572 573 574 576 577 583 585 588 694 609 602
IMP[ DATE CLN AR SEC IA
83!205 08]97 83!206 92]35 83!214 94]43 83!214 03]20 83!223 07]21 83!228 91]94 83!239 01]24 83!230 90]21 83!230 03]18 83!231 96]33 83!235 09]46 83!249 94]22 83!240 00]34 83!241 94]99 83!248 99]45 84!992 99]28 84!903 97]15 84!911 09]23 84!913 03]19 84!914 96]24 84!915 02]36 84!933 93]23 84!943 90]49 84!950 95]13 84!950 95]13 84!950 08]10 84!953 05]11 84!955 04]49 84!957 95]28 84!958 01[40 84!960 96]48 84!962 05]93 84!964 00]02 84!965 97]36 84!972 02]10 84!974 06]96 84!977 07]16 84!978 92]94 84!980 00]09 84!982 08]04 84!988 10]45 84!092 05]20 84!096 91]29 84!009 10]94 84!019 03]92 84!011 98]00 84!039 01]44 84!031 10]99 84!037 09]33 84!070 10]98 84!087 11]48 84!108 08]14 84!108 12]33 84!119 97]10
2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
55 19 131 110 108 058 125 84 26 33 107 66 4 17 06 126 072 42 060 106 08 113 9 19 59 39 49 131 053 141 193 09 118 073 15 051 112 64 017 8 094 24 62 143 6 75 08 199 136 082 9 051 128 74
15 19 08 7 01 00 09 11 10 02 09 13 00 03 13 7 08 08 09 01 7 19 09 02 08 10 08 02 09 19 7 01 09 8 01 09 02 8 09 09 8 02 01 10 08 19 02 00 7 8 8 7 01 7
38 13 11 02 19 8 03 16 15 19 03 29 08 11 29 01 02 12 5 19 00 14 08 10 10 01 6 19 04 13 00 19 04 03 19 02 7 5 3 02 9 3 01 15 12 13 10 04 5 00 8 09 10 8
12 09 5 0 2 9 7 13 00 0 0 7 7 2 03 6 4 09 7 9 7 7 9 9 07 00 06 0 9 09 9 0 0 0 6 9 00 3 6 8 8 0 02 17 6 3 1 2 0 7 0 3 09 01
6 4 7 8 8 00 00 3 4 09 7 4 8 8 5 7 7 6 00 7 8 4 8 8 09 6 8 7 7 5 8 8 7 7 7 7 09 09 09 09 8 7 01 3 6 5 7 7 09 09 6 7 00 6
04 4 4 8 4 04 02 4 5 6 8 2 6 3 3 8 04 4 04 4 8 3 5 4 01 04 5 5 8 4 8 4 8 8 4 8 09 04 2 04 9 04 04 3 6 3 3 8 04 09 8 8 04 8
4 4 5 7 6 9 02 4 4 7 6 4 5 5 4 5 9 5 9 5 6 4 6 5 6 9 9 6 6 5 6 6 5 6 5 6 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 4 5 5 4 6 9 0 2 3 9 2
9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
36 34 31 24 39 14 02 36 35 26 26 36 26 31 36 9 36 32 34 39 9 35 30 30 39 48 39 27 27 34 9 39 28 25 39 25 32 27 9 50 9 06 01 35 33 34 30 27 32 9 5 9 34 5
9 9 9 9 9 20 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 29 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 12 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 11 20 9 20 9 1 20 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 20 9 20 20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3[81569 3[81645 3[83551 3[83635 3[85728 3[86790 3[87007 3[87126 3[87244 3[87402 3[88309 4[99107 4[99373 4[99525 4[91947 4[92762 4[95958 4[96466 4[96860 4[97090 4[97217 4[00270 4[01889 4[03002 4[03002 4[03084 4[03521 4[03818 4[04069 4[04245 4[04508 4[04847 4[05104 4[05232 4[06233 4[06526 4[07935 4[07983 4[07390 4[07693 4[08366 4[08839 4[19240 4[19683 4[10773 4[11967 4[12893 4[13011 4[13512 4[16036 4[17005 4[17856 4[17861 4[17872
136[4 136[4 136[8 137[9 137[3 137[5 137[6 137[6 137[7 137[7 138[9 138[1 138[2 138[2 138[6 149[0 149[6 140[0 140[1 140[1 140[2 141[0 141[5 141[8 141[8 142[9 142[0 142[1 142[2 142[2 142[3 142[4 142[5 142[5 143[9 143[0 143[1 143[1 143[3 143[4 143[6 143[8 144[0 144[2 144[6 144[7 145[5 145[6 146[9 147[4 148[1 159[1 159[1 159[1
−9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[0 9[0 9[0 9[0 9[0
0[17226 0[17125 0[14843 0[14742 0[12140 0[11910 0[10500 0[10346 0[10291 0[10986 0[08802 0[07717 0[07355 0[07159 0[05177 0[02579 0[09261 0[96883 0[96247 0[96035 0[95663 0[90425 9[87458 9[85399 9[85399 9[85126 9[84255 9[83655 9[83164 9[82782 9[82235 9[81523 9[81975 9[80701 9[78500 9[77838 9[77998 9[76788 9[76068 9[75347 9[73456 9[72285 9[71223 9[70047 9[67019 9[66445 9[60719 9[60966 9[58291 9[47415 9[41827 9[35919 9[34859 9[34728
246 51 009 028 031 101 007 205 27 17 032 231 72 40 55 006 082 04 109 034 52 024 888 51 5 23 19 009 108 85 052 65 017 080 42 111 025 234 169 66 291 30 236 82 79 218 52 058 092 068 888 111 003 229
122 178 291 181 180 100 290 194 189 172 189 114 293 186 290 290 133 171 115 290 202 296 888 202 158 299 176 204 108 205 173 204 209 135 209 107 295 130 195 205 100 293 133 205 205 114 202 166 205 143 888 197 294 106
44 11 −04 −27 −39 −32 −11 25 39 35 −39 40 5 20 08 −10 −41 −41 −34 −30 11 −23 888 12 44 32 49 −04 −27 −3 −40 00 −18 −41 18 −25 −24 41 9 09 15 27 42 −0 7 34 11 −42 −8 −43 888 −25 −07 34
01[6 39[8 12[2 08[8 01[6 6[1 6[3 36[0 22[0 8[6 13[3 34[6 01[6 01[6 25[4 13[3 8[6 15[6 6[1 08[9 08[8 34[6 01[6 01[6 2[7 01[6 6[1 08[9 13[3 21[5 08[8 01[6 13[3 13[3 08[9 13[3 8[6 8[6 8[6 3[6 01[6 08[9 3[4 41[5 08[8 25[4 08[9 13[3 8[6 05[9 18[7 13[3 6[1 18[7
0[8 0[5 1[9 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[6 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[6 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8
7[5 = 09−00 0[1 = 09−02 4[8 = 09−02 7[6 = 09−03 0[4 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−01 0[5 = 09−02 3[4 = 09−02 2[3 = 09−01 5[2 = 09−03 2[7 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−01 2[9 = 09−01 8[7 = 09−01 2[1 = 09−03 2[2 = 09−01 3[3 = 09−02 6[4 = 09−02 3[2 = 09−02 5[2 = 09−03 8[1 = 09−03 8[0 = 09−02 1[1 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−09 0[7 = 09−01 1[8 = 09−01 4[0 = 09−02 6[9 = 09−03 2[9 = 09−02 5[2 = 09−03 0[4 = 09−01 6[9 = 09−03 4[3 = 09−03 3[2 = 09−02 4[2 = 09−03 6[2 = 09−02 1[6 = 09−02 1[2 = 09−02 8[9 = 09−01 3[8 = 09−02 4[5 = 09−03 0[1 = 09−00 5[7 = 09−03 0[3 = 09−01 1[9 = 09−02 5[0 = 09−02 7[1 = 09−03 1[2 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−02 0[1 = 09−03 1[3 = 09−03 7[0 = 09−01 0[9 = 09−03
09[4 5[9 02[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 6[2 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[6 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4
88
continued over
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
604 605 608 619 614 617 618 629 620 621 624 626 628 639 635 712 720 725 728 739 731 745 760 764 765 767 779 771 773 775 776 778 780 781 894 806 846 850 860 886 0912 0969 0968 0972 0978 0981 0010 0011 0029 0196 0106 0341 0342 0348
099
Table 4 Continued No[
84!114 06]36 84!115 12]48 84!118 10]99 84!120 05]98 84!126 12]97 84!127 01]94 84!127 05]13 84!139 91]43 84!130 93]36 84!136 19]14 84!149 93]29 84!142 07]35 84!169 05]07 84!170 00]97 84!180 93]95 84!180 01]33 84!293 08]47 84!209 90]94 84!201 11]95 84!204 09]29 84!207 92]02 84!229 93]04 84!220 08]94 84!226 97]38 84!227 12]28 84!230 92]06 84!230 92]13 84!230 96]32 84!230 01]90 84!230 04]04 84!230 04]06 84!230 04]08 84!230 04]11 84!230 04]14 84!230 04]18 84!230 04]29 84!230 04]21 84!230 04]43 84!230 05]97 84!230 05]34 84!230 06]10 84!230 06]14 84!230 06]17 84!230 06]39 84!230 06]31 84!230 06]32 84!230 06]33 84!230 06]33 84!230 06]34 84!230 06]34 84!230 06]35
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 0 2 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3
69 008 9 13 093 64 71 29 010 043 015 6 04 109 140 096 42 53 045 75 081 078 89 054 60 19 88 000 019 62 011 023 59 057 103 093 055 009 005 80 083 53 082 01 046 04 040 35 036 119 008
7 01 03 00 7 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 09 7 03 7 8 8 09 00 03 29 8 7 7 8 7 11 01 7 8 00 00 02 00 02 03 14 8 02 7 7 09 00 8 7 09 08 8 08 15
EA CA IT 9 00 10 03 01 00 8 02 02 02 02 09 01 3 11 01 09 4 08 4 4 43 4 4 9 3 01 14 08 01 00 01 02 04 03 10 10 18 12 08 11 11 6 15 6 11 8 11 00 17 0
02 0 09 1 9 9 3 9 9 0 9 4 4 9 6 0 3 9 6 09 4 06 3 9 03 01 0 19 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 09 7 02 8 7 7 8 7 7 7 09 8 5 8 7 09 09 8 09 7 8 8 6 7 5 5 5 6 03 03 03 03 04 03 04 04 7 6 04 6 5 5 6 09 5 8 3 6 5 04
ET 9 04 3 04 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 00 09 03 3 7 00 01 6 04 04 4 04 00 9 5 7 6 7 01 04 04 04 04 04 03 04 7 9 04 2 01 02 04 09 2 7 01 04 03 9
EIT EIC ICC PA 9 9 5 9 5 4 2 6 6 5 5 9 9 01 6 5 9 9 5 9 9 4 9 9 9 09 7 7 09 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 03 8 04 04 6 01 8 9 01 7 04 9
9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 0
0 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 0
4 34 39 47 25 6 9 25 26 25 25 3 9 9 31 9 9 01 27 28 31 36 4 9 9 5 7 35 27 06 08 8 07 5 06 00 30 36 00 06 01 7 09 02 30 09 30 10 7 6 01
PET EVD ICP ECP CCP PCP HV R 20 20 9 20 9 20 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9 9 9 9 11 9 29 29 9 20 9 9 20 20 9 9 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 9 9 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 13 9 20 20 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4[18039 4[18063 4[18135 4[18176 4[18304 4[18313 4[18317 4[18341 4[18358 4[18444 4[18466 4[18592 4[18484 4[18364 4[18180 4[18171 4[17894 4[17607 4[17595 4[17491 4[17274 4[16682 4[16695 4[16309 4[16228 4[16226 4[16227 4[16250 4[16288 4[16337 4[16338 4[16338 4[16349 4[16340 4[16342 4[16342 4[16343 4[16350 4[16355 4[16370 4[16386 4[16388 4[16490 4[16496 4[16497 4[16497 4[16498 4[16498 4[16498 4[16498 4[16409
LON 159[3 159[4 159[5 159[6 159[8 150[9 150[9 150[9 150[0 150[3 150[4 150[5 151[2 151[7 152[1 152[1 152[7 153[9 153[0 153[1 153[2 153[6 153[7 153[8 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9
LAT 9[0 9[0 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2
DJup 9[33920 9[32597 9[31530 9[31924 9[28897 9[28614 9[28553 9[28065 9[27709 9[25434 9[24635 9[23403 9[17556 9[13767 9[10306 9[10177 9[05327 9[03389 9[02390 9[01326 9[00281 9[95364 9[94653 9[92095 9[91107 9[99687 9[99684 9[99536 9[99382 9[99261 9[99260 9[99269 9[99257 9[99255 9[99253 9[99252 9[99251 9[99237 9[99239 9[99206 9[99185 9[99182 9[99180 9[99174 9[99172 9[99172 9[99171 9[99171 9[99171 9[99171 9[99170
ROT SLON 241 172 888 45 293 234 224 37 179 122 162 79 58 044 86 299 04 9 120 218 079 073 212 107 249 51 200 183 170 236 167 151 5 103 038 293 106 184 176 211 066 9 068 62 118 58 127 14 132 030 172
139 087 888 291 191 120 110 188 087 192 086 296 294 173 206 101 173 153 104 117 153 146 113 110 149 204 106 101 198 136 198 198 160 113 290 103 111 101 109 112 157 153 155 206 105 205 102 183 100 296 109
SLAT 43 09 888 16 16 41 37 22 7 −17 1 7 06 −36 −5 12 40 42 −20 32 −45 −44 39 −39 41 11 20 07 7 41 5 −6 42 −32 −34 15 −30 19 02 28 −44 42 −45 02 −21 05 −15 35 −11 −28 8
V 18[7 8[6 08[9 1[2 08[8 13[3 08[9 08[8 15[3 15[3 15[3 03[9 07[2 28[5 01[6 15[3 8[6 8[6 01[6 8[6 08[9 6[1 01[6 18[7 08[9 28[5 27[0 13[3 18[7 3[8 1[0 1[9 1[0 1[0 1[0 1[9 1[9 05[9 18[7 1[4 18[7 28[5 28[5 18[7 8[6 28[5 01[6 00[2 7[2 08[9 1[9
VEF 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 1[0 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 2[6 2[8 0[8 0[8
M
MEF −03
0[7 = 09 0[9 = 09−01 6[1 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−09 6[3 = 09−03 1[7 = 09−03 4[5 = 09−03 0[9 = 09−02 1[8 = 09−03 1[8 = 09−03 1[8 = 09−03 0[8 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−04 2[9 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−03 4[2 = 09−02 1[2 = 09−02 8[0 = 09−02 2[0 = 09−02 6[5 = 09−03 0[5 = 09−98 0[1 = 09−02 4[0 = 09−04 0[9 = 09−02 0[8 = 09−04 5[7 = 09−04 0[2 = 09−01 5[3 = 09−03 4[9 = 09−01 8[0 = 09−00 1[9 = 09−09 0[6 = 09−09 2[1 = 09−09 1[9 = 09−09 7[0 = 09−09 8[4 = 09−09 1[0 = 09−00 6[8 = 09−03 1[0 = 09−09 4[5 = 09−03 1[9 = 09−03 2[5 = 09−04 0[7 = 09−02 2[2 = 09−02 1[9 = 09−03 1[7 = 09−02 5[6 = 09−01 8[3 = 09−02 2[8 = 09−01 1[6 = 09−09
09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 03[2 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 094[0 019[1 09[4 09[4
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
0474 0522 0696 0647 0776 0777 0778 0808 0837 0886 0887 1956 1192 1248 1271 1273 1318 1346 1373 1386 1498 1488 1599 1565 1693 1645 1648 1659 1650 1652 1654 1656 1657 1658 1661 1664 1666 1679 1671 1675 1680 1682 1684 1688 1792 1794 1795 1797 1798 1700 1706
IMP[ DATE CLN AR SEC IA
84!230 06]35 84!230 06]35 84!230 06]36 84!230 06]36 84!230 06]49 84!230 06]49 84!230 06]43 84!230 06]44 84!230 06]46 84!230 06]47 84!230 07]95 84!230 19]23 84!230 19]28 84!230 19]28 84!230 19]28 84!230 19]39 84!230 19]39 84!230 19]39 84!230 19]30 84!230 12]16 84!230 12]29 84!230 12]21 84!230 12]24 84!231 99]00 84!231 02]45 84!231 02]45 84!231 07]03 84!232 96]00 84!232 96]00 84!235 10]17
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
007 112 46 197 065 41 39 81 50 63 060 053 62 23 043 67 77 84 068 26 138 085 111 9 9 9 9 59 142 108
08 7 15 8 19 8 01 00 7 08 04 09 08 7 43 7 7 08 7 7 7 03 47 38 8 8 01 03 09 7
29 19 0 5 0 01 16 6 10 10 10 4 19 9 48 8 9 19 5 5 5 01 59 48 8 02 6 04 13 5
0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 02 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 9
4 5 04 6 2 8 6 7 02 5 01 6 7 6 02 6 6 7 6 6 6 04 4 6 09 03 03 04 6 6
0 3 9 3 04 03 04 03 2 6 04 4 01 9 4 02 9 01 02 03 03 8 4 3 01 04 04 04 3 04
5 00 9 04 04 01 5 01 04 8 9 03 09 9 4 00 9 09 09 09 09 9 3 4 00 9 09 9 8 00
0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9
9 0 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
10 8 5 01 10 4 03 4 09 30 36 3 28 5 36 3 6 27 7 5 8 31 0 38 06 06 4 30 35 9
9 9 29 9 29 20 9 20 9 9 20 29 9 18 9 17 18 9 17 18 17 29 9 9 14 29 18 20 9 9
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X X X X X X X X X X X
4[16409 4[16409 4[16409 4[16409 4[16401 4[16401 4[16403 4[16403 4[16405 4[16405 4[16410 4[16515 4[16520 4[16520 4[16520 4[16521 4[16521 4[16521 4[16522 4[16709 4[16703 4[16705 4[16708 4[16748 4[17330 4[17330 4[17448 4[17731 4[17731 4[18789
154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[0 154[0 154[0 154[5
9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2
9[99170 9[99170 9[99179 9[99179 9[99168 9[99168 9[99165 9[99165 9[99164 9[99163 9[99169 9[99192 9[99191 9[99191 9[99191 9[99190 9[99190 9[99190 9[99190 9[99196 9[99197 9[99198 9[99109 9[99113 9[99570 9[99570 9[99700 9[90051 9[90051 9[91717
173 025 09 047 192 06 23 210 3 235 109 108 236 31 122 239 215 205 087 27 099 063 027 888 888 888 888 5 83 031
109 298 166 182 123 174 290 111 158 134 117 110 136 296 103 128 115 119 128 293 207 161 297 888 888 888 888 160 208 295
00 −26 41 −49 −49 49 31 27 42 40 −35 −28 41 25 −18 38 31 24 −40 28 −7 −44 −26 888 888 888 888 42 −2 −39
18[7 28[5 1[9 18[7 69[9 5[3 18[7 08[9 1[2 13[3 2[7 18[7 8[6 18[7 09[5 18[7 18[7 8[6 18[7 18[7 18[7 1[9 39[8 00[7 8[6 1[0 1[9 1[9 18[7 18[7
0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 6[6 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 00[7 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8
8[0 = 09−02 0[3 = 09−03 1[6 = 09−09 6[2 = 09−04 3[7 = 09−05 1[4 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−02 5[6 = 09−03 0[8 = 09−09 3[2 = 09−02 8[4 = 09−00 6[0 = 09−04 5[7 = 09−01 0[7 = 09−03 5[7 = 09−98 0[9 = 09−03 0[7 = 09−03 5[7 = 09−01 5[1 = 09−04 5[1 = 09−04 5[1 = 09−04 2[2 = 09−09 0[8 = 09−09 1[1 = 09−98 3[4 = 09−02 0[2 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−09 4[0 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−02 5[1 = 09−04
09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 0292[8 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 4747[2 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
1707 1719 1710 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1718 1729 1724 1727 1739 1730 1731 1733 1734 1735 1736 1743 1746 1748 1750 1757 1765 1766 1767 1768 1779 1771
090
091
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
Fig[ 5[ Same as Fig[ 4 but for the small particles in the lowest amplitude range "AR0# only[ A power law _t to the data with 1×09−03 C ³ QI ³ 09−02 C is shown as a dashed line "power law index −0[8#[
Fig[ 6[ Channeltron ampli_cation factor A QC:QI as a function of impact charge QI for big particles "AR1ÐAR5# detected between 0882Ð 84[ The solid lines indicate the sensitivity threshold "lower left# and the saturation limit "upper right# of the channeltron[ Squares indicate dust particle impacts and the area of the squares is proportional to the number of events "the scaling of the squares is not the same as in Paper II#[ The dotted horizontal line shows the mean value of the channeltron ampli_cation A 0[3 for ion impact charges 09−01 C ³ QI ³ 09−09 C[
neglect the large number of small particles in the lowest amplitude range in Fig[ 6 because they do not contribute to the determination of the channeltron ampli_cation[ Their neglect better illustrates the number distribution of impacts in the higher amplitude ranges[ Figure 7 displays the masses and velocities of all dust particles detected between 0882Ð84[ As in the earlier per! iod "0889Ð81#\ velocities occur over the entire calibrated range from 1Ð69 km:s and the masses vary over 09 orders of magnitude from 09−5Ð09−05 g[ The mean errors are a factor of 1 for the velocity and a factor of 09 for the mass[ The clustering of the velocity values is due to discrete steps in the rise time measurement but this quantization is much smaller than the velocity uncertainty[ Masses and velocities in the lowest amplitude range "particles indicated by plus signs# should be treated with caution[ These are mostly Jovian stream particles for which we
Fig[ 7[ Masses and impact speeds of all impacts recorded by DDS between 0882Ð84[ The lower and upper solid lines indicate the threshold and saturation limits of the detector\ respectively\ and the vertical lines indicate the calibrated velocity range[ A sample error bar is shown that indicates a factor of 1 error for the velocity and a factor of 09 for the mass determination[ Note that the small particles "plus signs# are probably faster and smaller than implied by this diagram "see text for details#[
have clear indications that their masses and velocities are outside the calibrated range of DDS "Zook et al[\ 0885#[ The particles are probably much faster and smaller than implied by Fig[ 7[ On the other hand\ the mass velocity calibration is valid for the bigger particles[ For many particles in the lowest two amplitude ranges "AR0 and AR1# the velocity had to be computed from the ion charge signal alone which leads to the striping in the lower mass range in Fig[ 7 "most prominent above 09 km:s#[ In the higher amplitude ranges the velocity could normally be calculated from both the target and the ion charge signal which leads to a more continuous dis! tribution in the mass!velocity plane[ Impact velocities below about 2 km:s should be treated with caution because anomalous impacts onto the sensor grids or structures other than the target generally lead to pro! longed rise times and hence to arti_cially low impact velocities[ The sensor orientation "rotation angle# at the time of particle impact is shown in Fig[ 8[ Particles approaching parallel to the ecliptic plane are detected at rotation angles of 89 and 169>[ Contour lines illustrate the detector sensitivity for interstellar particles[ The impact direction of most of the big particles "_lled circles# is compatible with the interstellar direction[ The remaining big particles are compatible with an interplanetary origin[ Baguhl et al[ "0885# showed that in the outer solar system "i[e[\ outside about 1[5 AU from the Sun#\ interstellar particles can be clearly distinguished from particles having inter! planetary origin[ At distances between 0 and 1[5 AU\ however\ interplanetary dust particles on prograde orbits approach from the same direction as interstellar particles and both populations cannot be separated by impact direction arguments[ In contrast to the small stream par!
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
Fig[ 8[ Rotation angles vs time for two di}erent mass ranges "_lled circles] big particles\ AR1 to AR5^ plus signs] small particles\ AR0#[ See Section 1 for an explanation of the rotation angle[ The dust streams show up as vertical bands with plus signs[ For some time periods\ no rotation angle information was available^ these data are not shown[ The contour lines show the sensitive area of DDS for interstellar par! ticles "levels of 0\ 199\ 399\ 599 and 799 cm1 detector area are shown#[ The number of big impacts is depressed during the dust streams because of deadtime caused by the large number of small impacts[
ticles which are outside the calibrated range of DDS\ the calibration is valid for the interplanetary and interstellar particles "cf[ Table 4#[ The small particles "plus signs# cluster at rotation angles between 199Ð239> which is compatible with a Jov! ian origin "Grun et al[\ 0885a#[ The striping of small impacts "plus signs# is due to the occurrence of individual dust streams\ and a comparison with Fig[ 3 shows that the times of the stripes are coincident with the times of high impact rates[ At the end of 0884\ the impact rates were so high over several weeks that the symbols form a black area in Fig[ 8[
092
per day[ Around the time of Galileo|s closest approach to Io on 6 December DDS data were read out every few minutes and recorded to Galileo|s tape recorder "record period\ 04]10Ð07]14 h#[ After Jupiter closest approach "10]43 h#\ data were recorded for another two h "12]11Ð 90]15 h#[ The recorded data from both ~ybys were trans! mitted to Earth a few months later[ Initial results from the Io and Jupiter ~ybys have been published by Grun et al[ "0885b#[ Figure 09 shows the dust impact rate before and around the Io and Jupiter ~ybys[ During Galileo|s approach to Jupiter\ the impact rate increased con! siderably and reached a maximum of about 199 impacts per day on 3 December 0884 "day 227#[ Two days later the sensitivity of the instrument was reduced and the impact rate dropped by about a factor of 09[ After the sensitivity reduction a few small particle were still being detected until closest approach to Io[ At Io closest approach\ small particle impacts ceased[ Big particles were only detected a few days before closest approach to Io when Galileo was within about 14 RJ of Jupiter[ The big particles show a concentration towards the inner Jov! ian system[ Impacts of big particles were seen after Io ~yby until closest approach to Jupiter\ i[e[\ when impacts of small class 2 particles had already terminated[ High impact rates of small particles and increases in the impact rate upon approach towards the inner Jovian System were also seen later during Galileo|s orbital tour about the planet "Grun et al[\ 0886^ 0887#[ Concentrations of big particles between the Galilean satellites have also been found[ For the calculation of the impact rate in Fig[ 09 we have only considered the class 2 impacts because
4[ Io and Jupiter ~ybys On 6 December 0884\ Galileo arrived at Jupiter after its six!year journey through interplanetary space[ Because of the expected increase in the high energy electron ~ux near Jupiter the channeltron high voltage of DDS was reduced and the detection thresholds were increased on 5 December\ 4]39 h "Table 1#[ At that time\ Galileo was at a distance of 04 RJ from Jupiter "Jupiter radius\ RJ 60\381 km#[ The change in the instrument con! _guration led to a reduction in sensitivity by about a factor of six[ On 6 December\ 06]35 h\ Galileo ~ew by Io and at 10]43 h nearest to Jupiter[ At 12]14 h the chan! neltron high voltage was switched o} and at 99]16 h on 7 December\ the orbit insertion maneuver was started which brought Galileo into a bound orbit about Jupiter[ From 0Ð5 December 0884\ MROs occurred about once
Fig[ 09[ Dust impact rate vs time for a period of 01 days around Galileo|s approach towards the inner Jovian system as obtained from the impact accumulators[ The thin solid lines show the impact rate of small particles "AR0# and the heavy solid lines shows that of big par! ticles "AR1 to AR5#[ Because high noise rates in classes 0 and 1 occurred on days 239Ð231\ only class 2 impacts are shown here[ The times of closest approaches to Io and Jupiter are indicated by dashed lines\ and times when the detector sensitivity was reduced are shown as dotted lines[ Note that the peak in the impact rate of big particles on day 228[9 is produced by only one impact[
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classes 0 and 1 show evidence for contamination by noise in the inner Jovian system "see below#[ The inclusion of big class 1 events*which seem to be less a}ected by noise*would increase the number of impacts per given time interval "cf[ Table 2# but would not change our conclusions about the cessation of small dust impacts after Io and Jupiter ~ybys "Grun et al[\ 0885b#[ In Fig[ 00\ we show the rotation angle of the class 2 impacts for which the complete information has been transmitted to Earth[ When Galileo was approaching Jupiter\ the impact directions of dust particles were con! centrated between 109Ð249>[ About one day before clos! est approach to Io\ two particles also arrived from the opposite direction[ The striping before day 230 is due to the occurrence of MROs once per day*which allow for a time resolution of 3[2 h*and the fact that the instrument memory of DDS can store only 05 class 2 events[ Note that each vertical band of particles between days 221Ð 239 in Fig[ 00 corresponds to one discrete MRO[ If there are more than 05 impacts between two MROs\ the oldest events are lost[ Before day 230\ 04]19 h many class 2 particles have probably been lost[ Note that the particle on day 228[9 that caused the peak in the impact rate of big particles in Fig[ 09 cannot be shown because its full information has not been transmitted to Earth[ So far we have only considered class 2 impacts around Io and Jupiter ~ybys[ During closest approach to Jupiter in December 0884 and during all later orbits\ high noise rates occurred when Galileo was within about 19 RJ of Jupiter "cf[ Grun et al[\ 0886#[ In Fig[ 01 we show the rotation angle for all impact events in classes 0Ð2 for
Fig[ 00[ Rotation angle vs time for 01 days around Galileo|s approach towards the inner Jovian system[ Only class 2 impacts are shown for which the full information has been transmitted to Earth[ Plus signs indicate small particles "AR0# and _lled circles show big particles "the symbol size denotes the amplitude range of the particle\ AR1 and AR4#[ The times of closest approaches to Io and Jupiter are indicated by dashed lines\ whereas times when the detector sensitivity was reduced are shown as dotted lines[ The striping before day 230\ 04]19 h is due to the occurrence of MROs once per day which allow for only 3[2 h time resolution and the fact that the instrument memory of DDS can store only 05 class 2 events[ Many particles have probably been lost before day 230[
Fig[ 01[ Rotation angle vs time for a period of 01 h around Io closest approach on 6 Dec 0884 "day 230#[ The symbols have the following meaning] {¦|] class 2\ AR0^ {ž|] class 2\ AR1 to AR4^ {|] class 1^ {|] class 0^ the size of the symbols indicates the amplitude ranges of the particles\ with AR0 being the smallest and AR5 being the biggest amplitude range occurring in the diagram[ The times of closest approaches to Io and Jupiter are indicated by dashed lines and the time when the detector sensitivity was reduced is shown as a dotted line[ Events at 19]39 h occurred in a gap when no data have been transmitted to Earth and their impact times have 3[2 h uncertainty[ For the other particles the uncertainty in impact time is usually a few minutes\ except for impacts at 04]19 and 12]19 h which have 69 and 22 min uncertainty\ respectively "see text for details#[
which the complete information is available for a period of half a day around closest approach to Io[ The striping at 04]19 and 19]39 h is again due to discrete instrument readouts and the time resolution is usually 3[2 h[ Because of the switch to record mode which occurred twice on day 230\ the impact time can be determined with a higher accuracy from the internal timer of DDS] particles with impact times between 04]09Ð04]19 h must have impacted the detector between 03]00Ð04]10 h[ Their uncertainty in impact time is only 69 min[ Particles with impact times in the time interval 07]29Ð11]38 h have the full 3[2 h uncertainty\ and those with impact times between 12]09Ð 12]11 h must have been detected between 11]38Ð12]11 h^ thus their timing uncertainty is only 22 min[ The class 0 impact events detected about 2 h before and at Io closest approach itself are spread over the whole range in rotation angles[ At the same time the noise counter for the electron channel\ which counts all thr! eshold exceedings on that channel\ detected a high noise rate in excess of 299 noise events per second[ Further! more\ the class 0 event rate is strongly peaked at Io closest approach "Fig[ 02#[ The event rate at Jupiter closest approach cannot be shown because no high resolution recorded data were obtained for that period[ The spread in rotation angle\ the increased noise in the electron channel and the peak in impact rate indicate that at least some\ if not all\ of these events are due to noise rather than dust particle impacts[ Although DDS can detect dust particles approaching from within 09> of Gal!
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
094
available in electronic form only[ Together with the 247 particles published in Paper II a set of 1772 particles detected during Galileo|s six years| journey to Jupiter is now available[ Our results can be summarized as follows]
Fig[ 02[ Event rate of class 0 events for a period of 49 min around Io closest approach[ The time of closest approach to Io is indicated by a dashed line[
ileo|s positive spin axis at all rotation angles resulting in a 259> spread in a rotation angle plot\ one can hardly imagine a population of dust particles that caused only class 0 events and none in class 2[ If the class 0 events are due to real dust particles approaching from close to the positive spin direction\ one should also see a similar spread in rotation angle for the class 2 particles\ which is not the case[ The smallest class 1 events "AR0# seem to follow a similar behavior as the class 0 events although much less obvious[ Class 1 events also peak at Io closest approach but less strongly which is consistent with class 1 being less contaminated by noise than Class 0[ Similar signatures of noise contamination within about 19 RJ from Jupiter are evident in the DDS data from Galileo|s later orbital tour in the Jovian system "cf[ Grun et al[\ 0886#[ Therefore\ all class 0 and 1 events detected in the Jovian system should be treated with caution[ This applies to 15 class 0 and 19 class 1 events in Table 4 which were detected on days 230Ð232\ and to 49 events in each class if one includes AR0 events and which are published only electronically[ Only class 2 events can be considered good dust impacts at the moment[ A detailed analysis of the noise characteristics of the DDS data from within the Jovian system is forthcoming[
"0# A relatively constant impact rate of interplanetary and interstellar particles of 9[3 impacts per day was detected over the whole three!year time span[ In the outer solar system "outside about 1[5 AU# the big particles are mostly of interstellar origin\ whereas in the inner solar system interplanetary particles domi! nate[ These particles are in the calibrated mass and velocity range of DDS[ "1# No increase in impact rate could be detected during the ~yby at the asteroid Ida con_rming earlier results from the Gaspra ~yby[ "2# Within about 0[6 AU from Jupiter\ intense streams of small dust particles were detected with impact rates of up to 19\999 per day whose impact directions are compatible with a Jovian origin[ There is strong evi! dence that the dust stream particles are orders of magnitude smaller in mass and faster than the instru! ment|s calibration\ whereas the calibration can be safely applied to the bigger interstellar and inter! planetary particles[ "3# Two di}erent populations of dust particles were detected in the Jovian magnetosphere] "a# small stream particles during Galileo|s approach to the planet with impact rates of up to 199 per day 2 days before Io ~yby and "b# bigger particles concentrated closer to Jupiter between the Galilean satellites[ "4# The data from the dust instrument obtained within about 19 RJ from Jupiter "Jupiter radius\ RJ 60\381 km# show evidence for contamination by noise[ The behavior of the impact directions of class 0 and class 1 events di}ers from that of class 2 events[ Class 0 and 1 events from the Jovian system should therefore be treated with caution[ Class 2 events do not show an indication for noise contamination and are con! sidered good dust impacts[ "5# Noise tests performed regularly during the 2!year period did not reveal any change in the instrument noise characteristics[ No degrading of the chan! neltron was revealed[
5[ Summary
Acknowledgements
In this paper\ which is the fourth is a series of Galileo and Ulysses papers\ we present data from the Galileo dust instrument for the period January 0882ÐDecember 0884 when Galileo was traversing interplanetary space between Earth and Jupiter[ The complete information "i[e[\ all impact parameters measured by the dust instru! ment# for 284 big particles detected during this period is given "including 36 class 0 and 1 events around Io and Jupiter ~ybys which are possibly noise events#[ The full data set that contains 1414 small and big particles is
We thank the Galileo project at JPL for e}ective and successful mission operations[ This work has been sup! ported by the Deutsche Agentur fur Raum! fahrtangelegenheiten "DARA#[ References Baguhl\ M[\ Grun\ E[ Linkert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Siddique\ N[\ 0882[ Identi_cation of {small| dust impacts in the Ulysses dust detector data[ Planet[ Space Sci[ 30\ 0974Ð0987[
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Baguhl\ M[\ Grun\ E[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Linkert\ G[\ Riemann\ R[\ Staubach\ P[\ Zook\ H[\ 0884[ The ~ux of interstellar dust observed by Ulysses and Galileo[ Space Sci[ Rev[ 61\ 360Ð365[ Baguhl\ M[\ Grun\ E[\ Landgraf\ M[\ 0885[ In situ measurements of interstellar dust with the Ulysses and Galileo spaceprobes[ Space Sci[ Rev[ 67\ 054Ð061[ D|Amario\ L[A[\ Bright\ L[E[\ Wolf\ A[A[\ 0881[ Galileo trajectory design[ Space Sci[ Rev[ 59\ 12Ð67[ Divine\ N[\ 0882[ Five populations of interplanetary meteoroids[ J[ Geophys[ Res[ 87\ 06\918Ð06\937[ Grun\ E[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ Kissel\ J[\ Lindblad\ B[!A[\ Link! ert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Zook\ H[A[\ 0881a[ The Galileo Dust Detector[ Space Sci[ Rev[ 59\ 206Ð239[ Grun\ E[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Giese\ R[H[\ Kissel\ J[\ Linkert\ D[\ Maas\ D[\ McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Schwehm\ G[\ Zook\ H[A[\ 0881b[ The Ulysses dust experiment[ Astron[ Astrophys[ Suppl[ Ser[ 81\ 300Ð312[ Grun\ E[\ Baguhl\ M[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ Kissel\ J[\ Lindblad\ B[!A[\ Linkert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Mann\ I[\ McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Polanskey\ C[\ Riemann\ R[\ Schwehm\ G[\ Siddique\ N[\ Zook\ H[A[\ 0881c[ Galileo and Ulysses dust measurements] From Venus to Jupiter[ Geophys[ Res[ Letters 08\ 0200Ð0203[ Grun\ E[\ Zook\ H[A[\ Baguhl\ M[\ Balogh\ A[\ Bame\ S[J[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Forsyth\ R[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ Horanyi\ M[\ Kissel\ J[\ Lindblad\ B[!A[\ Linkert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Mann\ I[\ McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Phillips\ J[L[\ Polanskey\ C[\ Schwehm\ G[\ Siddique\ N[\ Staubach\ P[\ Svestka\ J[\ Taylor\ A[\ 0882[ Discovery of jovian dust streams and interstellar grains by the Ulysses spacecraft[ Nature 251\ 317Ð329[ Grun\ E[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Baguhl\ M[\ Riemann\ R[\ Horanyi\ M[\ Polanskey\ C[\ 0883[ Dust streams from comet Shoemaker!Levy 8< Geophys[ Res[ Let[ 10\ 0924Ð0927[ Grun\ E[\ Baguhl\ M[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Kissel\ J[\ Linkert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Riemann\ R[\ 0884a "Paper I#[ Reduction of Galileo and Ulysses dust data[ Planet[ Space Sci[ 32\ 830Ð840[ Grun\ E[\ Baguhl\ M[\ Divine\ N[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ Kissel\ J[\ Lindblad\ B[!A[\ Linkert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Mann\ I[\ McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Polanskey\ C[\ Riemann\ R[\ Schwehm\ G[\ Siddique\ N[\ Staubach\ P[\ Zook\ H[A[\ 0884b "Paper II#[ Three years of Galileo dust data[ Planet[ Space Sci[ 32\ 842!858[ Grun\ E[\ Baguhl\ M[\ Divine\ N[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ Kissel\ J[\ Lindblad\ B[!A[\ Linkert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Mann\ I[\ McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Polanskey\ C[\ Riemann\ R[\ Schwehm\ G[\ Siddique\ N[\ Staubach\ P[\ Zook\ H[A[\ 0884c "Paper III#[ Two years of Ulysses dust data[ Planet[ Space Sci[ 32\ 860Ð888[ Grun\ E[\ Baguhl\ M[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Riemann\ R[\ Zook\ H[A[\ Dermott\ S[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Gustafson\ B[A[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ Horanyi\ M[\ Khurana\ K[K[\ Kissel\ J[\ Kivelson\ M[\ Lindblad\ B[!A[\ Link! ert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Mann\ I[\ McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Polanskey\ C[\ Schwehm\ G[\ Srama\ R[\ 0885a[ Constraints from Galileo observations on the origin of Jovian dust streams[ Nature 270\ 284Ð287[ Grun\ E[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Riemann\ R[\ Dermott\ S[\ Fechtig\ H[\
Gustafson\ B[A[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ Heck\ A[\ Horanyi\ M[\ Kissel\ J[\ Kruger\ H[\ Lindblad\ B[!A[\ Linkert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Mann\ I[\ McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Polanskey\ C[\ Schwehm\ G[\ Srama\ R[\ Zook\ H[A[\ 0885b[ Dust measurements during Galileo|s approach to Jupiter and Io encounter[ Science 163\ 288Ð390[ Grun\ E[\ Kruger\ H[\ Dermott\ S[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Graps\ A[\ Gustafson\ B[A[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ Heck\ A[\ Horanyi\ M[\ Kissel\ J[\ Lindblad\ B[A[\ Linkert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Mann\ I[\ McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Polanskey\ C[\ Schwehm\ G[\ Srama\ R[\ Zook\ H[A[\ 0886[ Dust measurements in the Jovian magnetosphere[ Geophys[ Res[ Lett[ 13\ 1060Ð1063[ Grun\ E[\ Kruger\ H[\ Graps\ A[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Heck\ A[\ Linkert\ G[\ Zook\ H[A[\ Dermott\ S[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Gustafson\ B[A[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ Horanyi\ M[\ Kissel\ J[\ Lindblad\ B[!A[\ Linkert\ D[\ Mann\ I[\ McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Polanskey\ C[\ Schwehm\ G[\ Srama\ R[\ 0887[ Galileo observes electromagnetically coupled dust in the jovian magnetosphere[ J[ Geophys[ Res[ in press[ Grun\ E[\ Staubach\ P[\ Baguhl\ M[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Zook\ H[A[\ Dermott\ S[\ Gustafson\ B[A[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Kissel\ J[\ Linkert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Srama\ R[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ Polanskey\ C[\ Horanyi\ M[\ Lindblad\ B[!A[\ Mann\ I[\ McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Schwehm\ G[\ 0886c[ South!north and radial traverses through the zodiacal cloud[ Icarus 018\ 169Ð177[ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Burns\ J[A[\ 0881[ Orbital stability zones about aster! oids II[ The destabilizing e}ects of eccentric orbits and of solar radiation[ Icarus 85\ 32!53[ Horanyi\ M[\ Grun\ E[\ Heck\ A[\ 0886[ Modeling of the Galileo dust measurements at Jupiter[ Geophys[ Res[ Lett[ 13\ 1064Ð1067[ Johnson\ T[V[\ Yeates\ C[M[\ Young\ R[\ 0881[ Space Science Reviews Volume on Galileo Mission Overview[ Space Sci[ Rev[ 59\ 2Ð10[ Kruger\ H[\ Grun\ E[\ Landgraf\ M[\ Baguhl\ M[\ Dermott\ S[\ Fechtig\ H[\ Gustafson\ B[A[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ Horanyi\ M[\ Kissel\ J[\ Lindblad\ B[!A[\ Linkert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Mann\[ I[\ McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ Mor_ll\ G[E[\ Polanskey\ C[\ Schwehm\ G[\ Srama\ R[\ Zook\ H[A[\ 0887[ Three years of Ulysses dust data] 0882Ð0884[ Planet[ Space[ Sci "Paper V#[ Landgraf\ M[\ Grun\ E[\ 0887[ In situ measurements of interstellar dust[ In] Breitschwerdt\ D[\ Freyberg\ M[J[\ Trumper\ J[\ "Eds#[ Pro! ceedings of the IAU Collaquium No[ 055 on The Local Bubble Beyond\ Lecture Notes in Physics Vol[ 495\ Springer Heidelberg\ pp[ 270Ð273[ Riemann\ R[\ Grun\ E[\ 0881[ Meteor streams\ asteroids and comets near the orbits of Galileo and Ulysses[ In] McDonnell\ J[A[M[\ "Ed[#\ Proceedings of the workshop on Hypervelocity Impacts in Space\ University of Kent at Canterbury\ U[K[\ pp[ 019Ð014[ Svestka\ J[\ Auer\ S[\ Baguhl\ M[\ Grun\ E[\ 0885[ Measurements of dust electric charges by the Ulysses and Galileo dust detectors[ In] Gustafson\ B[A[\ Hanner\ M[S[\ "Eds[#[ Physics\ Chemistry and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust\ ASP Conference Series Vols[ 093\ pp[ 20Ð23[ Zook\ H[A[\ Grun\ E[\ Baguhl\ M[\ Hamilton\ D[P[\ Linkert\ G[\ Liou\ J[!C[\ Forsyth\ R[\ Phillips\ J[L[\ 0885[ Solar wind magnetic _eld bending of Jovian dust trajectories[ Science 163\ 0490Ð0492[
Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
Three years of Galileo dust data] II[ 0882Ð0884 H[ Krugera\ \ E[ Gruna\ D[P[ Hamiltonb\ M[ Baguhla\ S[ Dermottc\ H[ Fechtiga\ B[A[ Gustafsonc\ M[S[ Hannerd\ M[ Horanyie\ J[ Kissela\ B[A[ Lindbladf\ D[ Linkerta\ G[ Linkerta\ I[ Manng\ J[A[M[ McDonnellh\ G[E[ Mor_lli\ C[ Polanskeyd\ R[ Riemannj\ G[ Schwehmj\ R[ Sramaa\ H[A[ Zookk a
Max!Planck!Institut fur Kernphysik\ 58918 Heidelber`\ Germany University of Maryland\ Colle`e Park\ MD 19631!1310\ U[S[A[ c University of Florida\ Gainesville\ FL 21500\ U[S[A[ d Jet Propulsion Laboratory\ Pasadena\ California 80098\ U[S[A[ e Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics\ Univ[ Of Colorado\ Boulder\ CO 79298\ U[S[A[ f Lund Observatory\ 110 Lund\ Sweden g Max!Planck!Institute fur Aeronomie\ 26080 Katlenbur`!Lindau\ Germany h University of Kent\ Canterbury CT1 6NR\ U[K[ i Max!Planck!Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik\ 74637 Garchin`\ Germany j ESTEC\ 1199 AG Noordwijk\ The Netherlands k NASA Johnson Space Center\ Houston\ Texas 66947\ U[S[A[ b
Received 8 April 0887^ received in revised form 04 April 0887^ accepted 5 September 0887
Abstract Between January 0882ÐDecember 0884\ the Galileo spacecraft traversed interplanetary space between Earth and Jupiter and arrived at Jupiter on 6 December 0884[ The dust instrument onboard the spacecraft was operating during most of the time and data from the instrument were obtained via memory readouts which occurred at rates between twice per day and once per week[ All events were classi_ed by an onboard program into 13 categories[ Noise events were usually restricted to the lowest categories "class 9#[ During Galileo|s passage through Jupiter|s radiation belts on 6 December 0884\ several of the higher categories "classes 0 and 1# also show evidence for contamination by noise[ The highest categories "class 2# were noise!free all the time[ A relatively constant impact rate of interplanetary and interstellar "big# particles of 9[3 impacts per day was detected over the whole three!year time span[ In the outer solar system "outside about 1[5 AU# they are mostly of interstellar origin\ whereas in the inner solar system they are mostly interplanetary particles[ Within about 0[6 AU from Jupiter intense streams of small dust particles were detected with impact rates of up to 19\999 per day whose impact directions are compatible with a Jovian origin[ Two di}erent populations of dust particles were detected in Jovian magnetosphere] small stream particles during Galileo|s approach to the planet and big particles concentrated closer to Jupiter between the Galilean satellites[ There is strong evidence that the dust stream particles are orders of magnitude smaller in mass and faster than the instrument|s calibration\ whereas the calibration is valid for the big particles[ Because the data transmission rate was very low\ the complete data set for only a small fraction "1414# of all detected particles could be transmitted to Earth^ the other particles were only counted[ Together with the 247 particles published earlier\ information about 1772 particles detected by the dust instrument during Galileo|s six years| journey to Jupiter is now available[ Þ 0888 Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved[
0[ Introduction The dust sensors onboard the Galileo and Ulysses spa! cecraft are highly sensitive impact ionization detectors[ The two nearly identical sensors have been described in detail by Grun et al[ "0881a\b^ 0884a#[ Results from the dust experiments on both spacecraft have been published Corresponding author[ Fax] ¦38 5110 405 213^ e!mail] kruegerÝ galileo[mpi!hd[mpg[de
frequently] Grun et al[ "0881c# published early results from both missions\ and dust originating from comets and asteroids has been considered by Riemann and Grun "0881#\ Hamilton and Burns "0881# and Grun et al[ "0883#[ Dust streams originating from the Jovian system and interstellar dust particles have been discovered with the Ulysses detector "Grun et al[\ 0882#[ these were later con_rmed by Galileo "Baguhl et al[\ 0884^ Grun et al[\ 0885a#[ Grun et al[ "0885b# discuss dust particles detected a few days around Galileo|s Io ~yby on 6 December 0884[
9921Ð9522:88:, ! see front matter Þ 0888 Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved[ PII] S 9 9 2 1 Ð 9 5 2 2 " 8 7 # 9 9 9 8 6 Ð X
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During its orbital tour within the Jovian magnetosphere Galileo has demonstrated the electromagnetic interaction of submicron!sized dust particles with Jupiter|s magnetic _eld "Grun et al[\ 0886^ 0887#[ The data from both instru! ments*Galileo and Ulysses*have been used to model the interplanetary meteoroid populations "Divine\ 0882^ Grun et al[\ 0886c# and to compare the mass distribution of interstellar particles derived from in!situ measure! ments with that obtained from astronomical observations "Baguhl et al[\ 0885^ Landgraf and Grun\ 0887#[ Finally\ Zook et al[ "0885# and Horanyi et al[ "0886# used data from both spacecraft to model the Jovian dust streams[ This is the fourth paper in a series dedicated to pre! senting both raw and reduced data from Galileo and Ulysses dust instruments[ Grun et al[ "0884a^ hereafter\ Paper I# described the reduction process of Galileo and Ulysses data[ Papers II and III "Grun et al[\ 0884b\c# contain the data sets from the initial three and two years of the Galileo and Ulysses missions\ respectively[ In the case of Galileo the time period covered "Paper II# was December 0878ÐDecember 0881[ In the current paper we extend the Galileo data set from January 0882ÐDecember 0884[ In a companion paper "Kruger et al[\ 0887\ Paper V# we publish the Ulysses data set for the same time period[ The main data products are a table of the impact rate of all impacts determined from the particle accumu! lators and a table of both raw and reduced data of all {big| impacts received on the ground[ The information presented in these papers is similar to data which we are submitting to the various data archiving centers "Plan! etary Data System\ NSSDC\ etc[#[ The only di}erence is that the paper version does not contain the full data set of the large numbers of {small| particles[ Electronic access to the full data set is also possible via the world wide web] http]::galileo[mpi!hd[mpg[de[ This paper is organised similarly to Paper II[ Section 1 gives a brief overview of the Galileo mission until the end of 0884\ the dust instrument and lists important mission events during the 0882Ð84 period[ A description of the Galileo dust data set for 0882Ð84\ together with a dis! cussion of the detected impact rate\ is given in Sect[ 2[ Section 3 analyses and discusses various characteristics of the new data set[ We dedicate Section 4 to an analysis of the dust particles and the noise events detected around Io ~yby on 6 December 0884[ Finally\ Section 5 sum! marizes our results[
1[ Mission and instrument operation Galileo was launched on 07 October 0878[ During the initial three years of the mission\ Galileo was in the inner solar system and had ~ybys of Venus\ Earth and the asteroid Gaspra[ After its second Earth ~yby in December 0881\ Galileo had enough energy to leave the inner solar system\ ~y by the asteroid Ida\ and reach
Fig[ 0[ Galileo|s interplanetary trajectory from launch until the end of 0888 "solid line# and the orbits of Venus\ Earth\ Mars and Jupiter "dashed lines#[ Crosses mark the spacecraft position at the beginning of each year\ diamonds indicate special events in the time interval 0882Ð 84 which is the subject of this paper[
Jupiter in December 0884[ Galileo|s interplanetary tra! jectory is shown in Fig[ 0 with a few important events indicated] on 17 August 0882\ Galileo ~ew by the asteroid Ida^ the atmospheric entry probe was released from the Galileo orbiter on 02 July 0884^ on 6 December 0884 Galileo arrived at Jupiter and*after a swing by at Io* was injected into a highly elliptical orbit about the planet[ Orbital elements of the Galileo trajectory are provided in Table 0[ Galileo now performs regular close ~ybys of Jupiter|s Galilean satellites[ A detailed description of the Galileo mission and the spacecraft are given by Johnson et al[ "0881# and D|Amario et al[ "0881#[ Galileo is a dual spinning spacecraft with an antenna that points antiparallel to the positive spin axis[ During most of the initial three years of the mission the antenna pointed towards the Sun "cf[ Fig[ 1 in Paper II#[ Since
Table 0 Heliocentric orbital elements of Galileo|s interplanetary trajectory for 0882Ð84[ The positional error is less than 499\999 km " 9[992 AU# from 0 Jan 0882Ð0 Jan[ 0884[ The error increases to 1\499\999 km " 9[91 AU# by mid 0884 and to 09\999\999 km " 9[96 AU# by end of 0884[ The increasing error is due to the strong in~uence of Jupiter Epoch Perihelion Eccentricity Inclination Long[ of asc[ node Arg[ of perihelion Mean anomaly True anomaly
3 Sept[ 0882\ 05]37]99 9[87738 AU 9[57437 0[4058> 144[88> 075[60> 35[842> 029[39>
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
0882\ the antenna usually points towards Earth[ Devi! ations from the Earth pointing direction between January 0882ÐDecember 0884 are shown in Fig[ 1[ The Dust Detector System "DDS# is mounted on the spinning section of Galileo and the sensor axis is o}set by an angle of 59> from the positive spin axis "Fig[ 2^ an angle of 44> has been erroneously used earlier#[ The rotation angle measures the viewing direction of the dust
Fig[ 1[ Spacecraft attitude] deviation of the antenna pointing direction "i[e[\ negative spin axis# from the Earth direction[ The angles are given in ecliptic longitude "top# and latitude "bottom\ equinox 0849[9#[
Fig[ 2[ Orientation of Galileo and DDS] the antenna "top# points towards Earth and the dust detector "DDS# largely faces the anti!Earth hemisphere[ The sensor axis has an angle of 59> from the positive spin axis "i[e[\ the anti!Earth direction#[ During one spin revolution of the spacecraft\ the sensor axis scans a cone with 019> opening angle[ The dust detector itself has 039> _eld of view "FOV#[ The sensor orientation shown corresponds to a rotation angle of 169> if viewed from the north ecliptic pole[
76
sensor at the time of a dust particle impact[ During one spin revolution of the spacecraft the rotation angle scans through a complete circle of 259>[ At rotation angles of 89> and 169>\ the sensor axis lies nearly in the ecliptic plane\ and at 9> it is close to ecliptic north[ DDS rotation angles are taken positive around the negative spin axis of the spacecraft[ This is done to easily compare Galileo impact spin angle data with those taken by Ulysses\ which\ unlike Galileo\ has its positive spin axis pointed towards Earth[ DDS has a 039> wide _eld of view and during one spin revolution of the spacecraft the sensor axis scans a cone with 019> opening angle towards the anti!Earth direction[ Dust particles that arrive from within 09> of the positive spin axis "anti!Earth direction# can be sensed at all rotation angles\ whereas those that arrive at angles from 09Ð029> from the positive spin axis can only be detected over a limited range of rotation angles[ During most of the interplanetary cruise "i[e[\ prior to 6 December 0884#\ we received DDS data as instrument memory!readouts "MROs#[ The MROs returned event data which had accumulated over time in the instrument memory[ Initially\ an MRO contained 03 instrument data frames "with each frame comprising the complete data set of an impact or noise event\ consisting of 017 bits\ plus ancillary and engineering data#[ Since June 0889\ when DDS was reprogrammed for the _rst time after launch\ an MRO contains 35 instrument data frames "cf[ Paper I#[ DDS time!tags each impact event with an 7 bit word allowing for the identi_cation of 145 unique times[ The step size of this time word was also changed from 0[0 to 3[2[ h in the June 0889 reprogramming to allow for longer time periods between MROs without loss of the impact time information[ The total accumulation time is now 145×3[2 h 35 days\ after which the time word is reset and the time labels of older impact events become ambiguous[ MROs usually occurred twice a week which was su.cient to get the time information of the impact events transmitted to Earth within the 35 day period[ The accuracy\ however\ with which the impact time can be determined\ is limited to 3[2 h[ For two periods of a few hours around Io ~yby on 6 December 0884\ the instrument was read!out every few minutes\ the data were stored on Galileo|s tape recorder and transmitted to Earth during the following months "record mode#[ Seven di}erent instrument data frames were read!out this way within about one min "with six frames containing the information of the six most recent impact events\ the so!called A range^ cf[ Paper I#[ although fewer data frames were read!out in this manner at a time\ the number of new events that could be trans! mitted to Earth in a given time period was much larger than with MROs due to the higher read!out cycle[ Fur! thermore\ in record mode the read!out cycle determines the accuracy of the impact time to within a few minutes\ much better than with MROs[
77
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
Table 1 lists signi_cant mission and dust instrument events for the period 0882Ð84[ A comprehensive list of earlier events can be found in Paper II[ After Galileo|s second Earth ~yby on 7 December 0881\ DDS was brought into its nominal operational mode for the rest of the interplanetary cruise to Jupiter] the channeltron voltage was set to 0919 V "HV 1#\ the event de_nition status was set such that the channeltron or the ion!col! lector channel can independently initiate a measurement
cycle "EVD C\ I# and the detection thresholds for ion! collector\ channeltron\ electron!channel and entrance grid were set "SSEN 9\ 9\ 0\ 0#[ Detailed descriptions of these symbols are given in Paper I[ The operational mode of DDS was changed several times during noise tests between 0882Ð0884] starting from the nominal con_guration described above\ all tests have been achieved with the same instrument settings[ The following changes of the instrument con_guration were
Table 1 Galileo mission and dust detector "DDS# con_guration\ tests and other events[ See text for details[ Only selected events are given before 0882 Year!day
Date
Time
Event
78!180 81!232 81!232 81!246 82!055 82!139 82!177 82!290 82!219 82!217 82!244 83!995 83!084 83!084 83!085 83!086 83!109 83!108 83!299 83!201 84!908 84!918 84!924 84!009 84!008 84!073 84!083 84!194 84!194 84!197 84!197 84!198 84!110 84!120 84!239 84!239 84!230 84!230 84!230 84!230 84!230 84!230 84!231 84!231 84!251
07 Oct[ 0878 97 Dec[ 0881 97 Dec[ 0881 11 Dec[ 0881 04 Jun[ 0882 17 Aug[ 0882 04 Oct[ 0882 17 Oct[ 0882 05 Nov[ 0882 13 Nov[ 0882 10 Dec[ 0882 95 Jan[ 0883 03 Jul[ 0883 03 Jul[ 0883 04 Jul[ 0883 05 Jul[ 0883 18 Jul[ 0883 96 Aug[ 0883 16 Oct[ 0883 97 Nov[ 0883 08 Jan[ 0884 18 Jan[ 0884 93 Feb[ 0884 19 Apr[ 0884 18 Apr[ 0884 92 Jul[ 0884 02 Jul[ 0884 14 Jul[ 0884 14 Jul[ 0884 16 Jul[ 0884 16 Jul[ 0884 17 Jul[ 0884 98 Aug[ 0884 08 Aug[ 0884 95 Dec[ 0884 95 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 96 Dec[ 0884 97 Dec[ 0884 97 Dec[ 0884 17 Dec[ 0884
05]41 04]98 05]98 03]48
Galileo launch Galileo second Earth ~yby DDS con_guration] HV 1\ EVD C\ I\ SSEN 9\ 9\ 0\ 0 DDS _rst MRO after second Earth ~yby Galileo 79 bytes MRO Format Galileo Ida ~yby DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS last MRO before reprogramming DDS counters reset\ new event classi_cation program DDS _rst MRO after reprogramming Galileo start SL 8 observations\ duration] 5 days DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS noise test start DDS noise test end Galileo phase 0 software load DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS last MRO before probe release Galileo probe release DDS con_guration for ODM wake!up burn] HV 9 DDS con_guration] HV 1 DDS con_guration for ODM wake!up burn] HV 9 DDS con_guration] HV 1 DDS _rst MRO after probe release DDS noise test start DDS noise test end DDS last MRO before Io and Jupiter ~ybys DDS con_guration] HV 0\ EVD I\ SEN 1\ 9\ 1\ 1 Galileo start record data "10 bps DDS data# Galileo Io ~yby\ altitude] 781 km Galileo end record data Galileo Jupiter closest approach\ altitude] 104\999 km Galileo start record data "10 bps DDS data# DDS con_guration] HV o} Galileo start orbit insertion burn\ duration] 38 min Galileo end record data DDS MRO covering Io and Jupiter ~ybys
05]41 94]31 92]16 92]05 90]47 10]96 19]16 00]99 03]24 91]99 99]03 97]03 91]27 92]97 11]45 92]98 06]33 04]08 05]20 93]29 95]43 02]99 95]43 02]99 95]99 95]03 94]39 94]99 94]39 04]10 06]35 07]14 10]43 12]11 12]14 99]16 90]15 00]99
Abbreviations used] MRO] DDS memory read!out^ HV] channeltron high voltage step^ EVD] event de_nition\ ion! "I#\ channeltron! "C#\ or electron! channel "E#^ SSEN] detection thresholds\ ICP\ CCP\ ECP and PCP^ ODM] orbit de~ection maneuver^ SL 8] comet Shoemaker!Levy 8[
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
applied at 1Ð2!day intervals] "a# increase the channeltron high voltage by one digital step "HV 2#^ "b# reset the channeltron high voltage to its nominal value "HV 1#^ "c# set the event de_nition status such that the chan! neltron\ the ion collector and the electron!channel can each\ independently\ initiate a measurement cycle "EVD C\ I\ E#^ "d# set the thresholds for all channels to their lowest levels "SSEN 9\ 9\ 9\ 9#^ "e# reset the thre! sholds and the event de_nition status to their nominal con_guration "SSEN 9\ 9\ 0\ 0\ EVD C\ I#[ Note that after step "e#\ DDS is brought back to its nominal con! _guration[ No detectable changes in the noise charac! teristics were revealed by these noise tests[ The instrument memory was not read out between 2Ð 17 July 0884 and no DDS data could be obtained[ In this period the atmospheric entry probe was released from the orbiter and a propulsion system burn occurred during the orbit de~ection maneuver "ODM# of the orbiter[ Within the Jovian magnetosphere a strong increase in the high energy electron ~ux was expected close to Jupiter[ To save the instrument from the hazards associated with Jupiter|s radiation environment\ the channeltron voltage was reduced and the detection thresholds were increased on 5 December 0884\ 4]39 h "HV 0\ EVD I\ SSEN 1\ 9\ 1\ 1# at a distance of 29 RJ from Jupiter "Jupiter radius\ RJ 60\381 km#[ On 6 December 0884\ 12]14 h\ shortly before insertion of Galileo into Jupiter orbit\ the channeltron high voltage was switched o}[ The Io and Jupiter ~ybys will be discussed in detail in Section 4[
2[ Impact events and classi_cation scheme DDS classi_es all events*real impacts of dust particles and noise events*into one of 13 di}erent categories "six amplitude ranges for the charge measured on the ion collector grid and four event classes# and counts them in 13 corresponding accumulators "Paper I#[ Most of the 13 categories are relatively free from noise and only sensitive to real dust impacts\ except for extreme situations like the crossings of the radiation belts of Earth\ Venus "Paper II# and Jupiter "6 December 0884\ Sect[ 4#[ During most of Galileo|s initial three years of interplanetary cruise since launch\ only the lowest amplitude and class cat! egories*AC90 "event class 9\ amplitude range 0\ AR0#\ AC00\ and AC91*were contaminated by noise events "Paper II#[ In a detailed analysis of the Ulysses data set published in Paper III\ Baguhl et al[ "0882# identi_ed a large number of {small| impacts in the three lowest categories[ They deduced a modi_ed event classi_cation scheme that allows for a better discrimination between noise events and real dust impacts[ The modi_ed scheme was loaded to the instrument computer on board Galileo during the second reprogramming of DDS on 03 July 0883 and
78
is shown in Table 2[ The de_nition of class 2 remains unchanged with respect to the old scheme published in Paper I[ Classes 0 and 1 are now divided into two subclasses[ With the modi_ed scheme\ noise events are now usually restricted to class 9[ Class 2 always contains good dust impacts "two AC20 events were rejected which occurred during a noise test on 04 August 0884 because they did not ful_ll the class 2 classi_cation criteria#[ After the 03 July 0883 reprogramming\ all class 0 and 1 events detected in the low radiation environment of inter! planetary space are true dust impacts[ Dust impacts which do not ful_ll the criteria of classes 0\ 1 or 2 are automatically assigned class 9[ Therefore\ class 9 may still contain good dust impacts\ especially in the higher amplitude ranges[ Although noise events are now nor! mally restricted to class 9\ classes 0 and 1 are also con! taminated by noise in extreme radiation environments "Section 4#[ With the modi_ed scheme\ the mass sen! sitivity of the instrument could be improved by a factor of eight and the number of dust particles identi_ed in the Ulysses data set from October 0889ÐDecember 0881 was enhanced from 222 to 857 "Baguhl et al[\ 0882#[ Table 3 lists the number of all dust impacts identi_ed with the Galileo dust sensor between 0 January 0882Ð20 December 0884[ Before 03 July 0883\ the particles were classi_ed with the old classi_cation scheme whereas after! wards the modi_ed scheme was applied[ The number of impacts is typically given in intervals of about one week\ depending on the occurrence of MROs[ When the fre! quency of MROs was higher or when no impact was recorded\ MROs were put together[ Typically\ MROs occurred twice per week[ In interplanetary space where the impact rate was roughly one impact per two days "see below# this was su.cient to receive the complete information of all particles[ During the occurrence of dust streams when the impact rates in the lowest ampli! tude range "AR0# were higher by several orders of mag! nitude the full information of only a small fraction of all detected particles could be transmitted to Earth[ In this case the impact rates had to be deduced from the accumu! lators[ The frequency of MROs limits the maximum impact rate of dust particles that can be determined from the accumulators[ If an unknown number of accumulator over~ows occurs between individual MROs the number of particles and\ hence\ the impact rate deduced is only a lower limit to the real dust impact rate[ With MROs occurring every few days\ impact rates of up to 099 per day could be determined from the accumulators[ Between the end of July and October 0884\ when the strongest dust streams were observed\ MROs were transmitted to Earth usually daily\ sometimes even more frequently[ During the occurrence of the most intensive dust streams MROs were split!up and transmitted in two segments separated by about 14 min[ This way rates of up to 19\999 impacts per day could be determined from the
89
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
Table 2 Galileo DDS on board classi_cation scheme as derived from the analysis of Baguhl et al[ "0882#[ This scheme was implemented in the instrument computer onboard Galileo during the 03 July 0883 reprogramming[ Note that classes 0 and 1 are now divided into two di}erent subclasses which are mutually exclusive[ See Paper I for a detailed explanation of the instrument parameters Parameters
CLN 9
Iongrid amplitude "IA# Target amplitude "EA# Channeltron amplitude "CA# Flighttime target!iongrid "EIT#
IA × 9 or EA × 9 or CA × 9
Target!iongrid coincidence "EIC# Channeltron!iongrid coincidence "ICC# Noise counter of] target "EN# iongrid "IN# channeltron "CN# EA risetime "ET# IA risetime "IT#
CLN 0
CLN 1
IA × 9 EA × 9
IA × 9 EA × 9
CA × 9 EIT 9 or EIT 04 EIC 0
accumulators over such short time intervals[ Entries in Table 3 indicated by {è| signs\ give the number of impacts determined from the accumulators in the lowest ampli! tude range over the 14 min interval[ No over~ows of the accumulators for the higher amplitude ranges "AR1 to AR5# occurred between MROs even during the most intensive dust streams[ During the strongest dust streams\ however\ the e}ective measurement time for such par! ticles was signi_cantly reduced due to deadtime "cf[ Fig[ 8#[ In this paper the terms {small| and {big| do not have the same meaning as in Paper II[ Here we call all particles in classes 0\ 1 and 2 in the amplitude ranges 1 and higher "AR1 to AR5# {big|[ Particles in the lowest amplitude range "AR0# are called {small|[ This distinction separates the small Jovian dust stream particles from big particles of interplanetary or interstellar origin "cf[ Fig[ 8#[ The total dust impact rate recorded by DDS from 0882Ð84 is shown in Fig[ 3[ During this three year time span\ the average impact rate of big particles "AR1ÐAR5# was rather constant\ with 9[3 impacts per day[ From the beginning of 0882 until the _rst half of 0883 \ the average impact rate of small particles "AR0# was about an order of magnitude lower[ Later the small particles dominated the overall impact rate[ No increase in the impact rate was detected during the Ida ~yby on 17 August 0882 and during the passage through the asteroid belt[ This is consistent with the absence of an enhance impact rate during the Gaspra ~yby two years earlier\ and it is in agreement with the predictions of Hamilton and Burns "0881#[ DDS detected the _rst Jovian dust stream on 14 June 0883 with a peak rate of 09 impacts per day[ At this time Galileo was still about 0[6 AU away from Jupiter[ During the dust streams detected later and closer to Jup!
CA × 9 2 ³ EIT ³ 04
EIC 9 ICC 0 EN ¾ 7 IN ¾ 03 CN ¾ 03
CLN 2 IA × 9 EA × 9 CA × 9 2 ³ EIT ³ 04
EIC 9 ICC 0 EN ¾ 7 IN ¾ 1 CN ¾ 1 0 ¾ ET ¾ 04 0 ¾ IT ¾ 04
Fig[ 3[ Total dust impact rate detected by DDS as a function of time before "dotted line# and after the reprogramming on 03 July 0883 "solid line#[ The dotted line is a running average over 8 impacts[ The data gap in summer 0884 is due to the release of Galileo|s atmospheric entry probe[
iter an impact rate of up to 19\999 per day has been detected[ Although such an impact rate is close to the technical limit of Galileo\ the data indicate that unde! tected accumulator over~ows did not occur frequently[ A detailed discussion of the Jovian dust streams detected with DDS is given by Grun et al[ "0885a#[ Table 4 lists all 284 big particles detected in classes 0Ð 2 between January 0882ÐDecember 0884 for which the complete information exists "Note that this table includes 36 class 0 and 1 events around Io and Jupiter ~ybys which are possibly noise events^ see Section 4#[ We do not list the small particles "AR0# in Table 4 because their masses and velocities are outside the calibrated range of DDS[ The stream particles are believed to be about 09 nm in
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
size and their velocities exceed 199 km:s "Zook et al[\ 0885#[ Any mass and velocity calibration of these par! ticles would be unreliable[ The complete information of a total of 1029 small particles has been transmitted to Earth from 0882Ð84[ The full data set of all 1414 small and big particles is available in electronic form[ In Table 4\ dust particles are identi_ed by their sequence number and their impact time[ Gaps in the sequence number are due to the omission of the small particles[ The event category*class "CLN# and ampli! tude range "AR#*are given[ Raw data as transmitted to Earth are displayed in the next columns] sector value "SEC# which is the spacecraft spin orientation at the time of impact\ impact charge numbers "IA\ EA\ CA# and rise times "IT\ ET#\ time di}erence and coincidence of elec! tron and ion signals "EIT\ EIC#\ coincidence of ion and channeltron signal "IIC#\ charge reading at the entrance grid "PA# and time "PET# between this signal and the impact[ Then the instrument con_guration is given] event de_nition "EVD#\ charge sensing thresholds "ICP\ ECP\ CCP\ PCP# and channeltron high voltage step "HV#[ See Paper I for further explanation of the instru! ment parameters[ The next four columns in Table 4 give information about Galileo|s orbit] heliocentric distance "R#\ ecliptic longitude and latitude "LON\ LAT# and distance from Jupiter "DJup#[ The next column gives the rotation angle "ROT# as described in Section 1[ Whenever this value is unknown\ ROT is arbitrarily set to 888[ This occurs 10 times "79 times in the full data set that includes the small particles#[ Then follows the pointing direction of DDS at the time of particle impact in ecliptic longitude and lati! tude "SLON\ SLAT#[ When ROT is not valid\ SLON and SLAT are also useless[ Mean impact velocity "V# and velocity error factor "VEF\ i[e[\ multiply or divide stated velocity by VEF to obtain upper or lower limits# as well as mean particle mass "M# and mass error factor "MEF# are given in the last columns[ For VEF × 5\ both velocity and mass values should be discarded[ This occurs for _ve impacts[ No intrinsic dust charge values are given "see Svestka et al[\ 0885 for a detailed analysis#[
3[ Analysis The positive charge measured on the ion collector\ QI\ is the most important impact parameter determined by DDS because it is rather insensitive to noise[ Figure 4 shows the distribution of QI for the full data set "small and big particles# from 0882Ð84[ Ion impact charges have been detected over the entire range of six orders of mag! nitude that the instrument can measure[ Two impacts "about 9[0) of the total# are close to the saturation limit of QI ½ 09−7 C and may thus constitute lower limits of the actual impact charges[ The impact charge distribution of the big particles "QI × 09−02 C# follows a power law
80
Fig[ 4[ Amplitude distribution of the impact charge QI for particles detected between 0882Ð84[ The solid line indicates the number of impacts per charge interval\ whereas the dotted line shows the cumu! lative distribution[ Vertical bars indicate the zn statistical ~uctuation[ A power law _t to the data with QI × 09−02 C is shown as a dashed line "power law index −9[32#[
with index −9[32 and is shown as a dashed line[ This slope is steeper than the value of −0:2 given for Galileo in Paper II and ~atter than the −0:1 given for Ulysses in Paper III[ It indicates that\ on average\ Galileo has detected smaller particles in the outer solar system than in the inner solar system[ This is in agreement with a larger contribution of interstellar particles further away from the Sun[ Note that the Jovian steam particles "AR0# have been excluded from the power law _t[ In Fig[ 4\ the small particles "QI ³ 09−02 C# are put together in two histogram bins[ To analyse their behavior in more detail\ their number per individual digital step is shown separately in Fig[ 5[ The distribution ~attens for impact charges below 1×09−03 C[ This indicates that the sensitivity threshold of DDS may not be sharp and the number of impacts with the lowest impact charges QI may not be complete[ The impact charge distribution for these small particles above QI × 1×09−03 C follows a power law with index −0[8[ This indicates that the size distribution of the small stream particles rises steeply towards smaller particles and is much steeper than the distribution of the big particles shown in Fig[ 4[ The ratio of the channeltron charge QC and the ion collector charge QI is a measure of the channeltron ampli! _cation A which is an important parameter for the dust impact identi_cation "Paper I#[ The in!~ight channeltron ampli_cation was determined in Paper II for the initial three years of the Galileo mission[ For a channeltron high voltage of 0919 V "HV 1#\ the ampli_cation QC:QI obtained for 09−01 C ¾ QI ¾ 09−09C was A ½ 0[5[ Here we repeat the same analysis for the time period 0882Ð84 to identify any degrading of the channeltron[ Figure 6 shows the charge ratio QC:QI as a function of QI for the same high voltage as in Paper II[ The charge ratio QC:QI determined for 09−01 C ¾ QI ¾ 09−09 C is A ½ 0[3[ Thus\ no signi_cant aging of the channeltron is detectable[ We
Time
R "AU#
Dt "d#
82!911 82!928 82!950 82!973 82!091
05]37 11]42 91]27 92]98 07]13
0[025 0[156 0[349 0[559 0[729
82!005 82!029 82!033 82!041 82!052
06]42 05]48 06]92 06]32 08]95
82!198 82!111 82!122 82!131 82!148
AC 90
AC 00
AC 10
AC 20
AC 91
AC 01
AC 11
AC 21
AC 92
AC 02
AC 12
AC 22
AC 93
AC 03
AC 13
AC 23
AC 94
AC 04
AC 14
AC 24
AC 95
AC 05
AC 15
AC 25
14[9 06[2 10[1 12[9 07[5
* * * * *
1 * 3 1 1
5 2 2 1 *
0 * * * *
1 0 2 3 0
* * * * *
2 * 0 * *
0 * * * *
3 0 2 0 0
* * * * *
1 * 2 1 *
* * * * *
0 0 0 0 *
* * * * *
1 * * * *
0 * * * *
1 * 1 0 *
* * * * *
0 * 0 * 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
0[845 1[979 1[190 1[158 1[251
03[9 03[9 03[9 7[9 00[0
* * * * *
* * 1 * *
1 0 0 0 *
* * * * *
0 2 0 * 0
* * * * *
1 * 0 * *
* * * * *
2 1 1 0 1
* * * * *
0 * * * *
* * * * *
0 * 0 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
06]30 11]02 00]09 96]16 90]35
1[614 1[712 1[788 1[851 2[967
34[8 02[1 09[4 7[7 05[7
* * * * *
* * * * *
3 * 1 * *
* * * * *
1 0 * 0 3
* * * * *
1 * * 0 *
* * * * *
3 0 0 0 2
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
2 0 1 * 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
82!157 82!164 82!173 82!186 82!205
95]37 00]40 19]40 12]00 92]19
2[039 2[076 2[137 2[220 2[332
8[1 6[1 8[3 02[0 07[1
* * * * *
* * * 0 0
* * 0 0 0
* * * * *
0 0 * * 0
* * * * *
* * * * 0
* * * * *
* 2 0 * 3
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 * 0 1
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
82!213 82!223 82!231 82!249 82!246
90]35 99]96 92]93 92]94 19]98
2[389 2[438 2[484 2[530 2[572
6[8 8[8 7[0 7[9 6[6
* * * * *
* * 0 * *
0 * 0 * 1
* * * * *
* 0 1 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 0 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
83!991 83!903 83!921 83!933 83!944
08]34 08[18 19]08 19]19 04]38
2[627 2[790 2[783 2[843 3[995
09[9 01[9 07[9 01[9 09[7
* * * * *
0 * 0 * *
* 0 2 1 0
* * * * *
* * 1 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
1 2 0 1 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 1 * 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
83!952 83!963 83!974 83!982 83!090
08[98 02]03 02]93 02]94 96]93
3[934 3[984 3[034 3[070 3[103
7[0 09[7 00[9 7[9 6[6
* * * * *
* 2 3 * *
* 1 0 0 *
* * * * *
1 0 0 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 * * 2
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
83!098 83!016 83!024 83!031 83!049
96]94 93]40 01]33 03]18 95]03
3[138 3[212 3[245 3[273 3[303
7[9 06[8 7[2 6[0 6[6
* * * * *
2 1 * 0 *
* 0 * * *
* * * * *
* 1 0 1 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
2 * 1 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * 0 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
83!050 83!058 83!066 83!074 83!084
94]02 95]13 01]27 94]28 09]09
3[344 3[374 3[404 3[432 3[467
00[9 7[9 7[2 6[6 09[1
* * * * *
* 1 05 5 *
0 * 0 0 0
* * * * *
* 2 0 * 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 * * 0
1 * 0 * *
* 0 * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
Date
81
Table 3 Overview of dust impacts accumulated with Galileo DDS between 0 January 0882Ð20 December 0884[ Days 83Ð084 when no data were received due to the instrument reprogramming\ is indicated by a horizontal line[ The heliocentric distance R\ the lengths of the time interval Dt "days# from the previous table entry\ and the corresponding numbers of impacts are given for the 13 accumulators[ The accumulators are arranged with increasing signal amplitude ranges "AR#\ with four event classes for each amplitude range "CLN 9\ 0\ 1\ 2#^ e[g[\ AC20 means counter for AR 0 and CLN 2[ Entries for accumulators that usually contain noise events are marked by { | signs[ Entries marked by {è| denote numbers of impacts counted over 14 min intervals[ The Dt in the _rst line "82!911# is the time interval counted from the last entry in Table 2 in Paper II[ The totals of counted impacts\ of impacts with complete data\ and of all events "noise plus impact events# for the entire period are also given[ Note that the totals of counted impacts in amplitude range 0 are not complete due to accumulator over~ow during the dust streams
3[468 3[594 3[522 3[546 3[687
9[2 6[8 7[5 6[3 35[8
** ÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ 2 0 * * * * * * 0 1 11 2
83!163 83!173 83!181 83!299 83!298
08]18 11]94 95]04 90]34 07[29
3[711 3[749 3[758 3[778 3[802
7[5 09[0 6[2 6[7 8[6
* * * * *
1 1 2 6 6
* * * * 3
* * * * *
1 0 0 0 *
2 2 2 * 2
* * * * *
* 0 * * *
* * 2 1 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
83!207 83!216 83!232 83!240 83!251
08[27 91]02 12]42 92]94 91]34
3[824 3[843 3[881 4[996 4[929
8[9 7[2 05[8 6[0 00[9
* * 0 * 0
1 0 4 0 089
0 0 1 * 28
0 * 0 * *
0 * * * *
* 0 2 0 1
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 0 1 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!996 84!910 84!918 84!933 84!950
91]10 10]38 91]07 12]12 19]33
4[949 4[967 4[980 4[007 4[034
09[9 03[7 6[1 04[8 05[8
1 1 0 0 *
031 4 1 06 28
87 * * 4 09
* * * * *
* * 1 * 1
0 * 0 * *
* * * * *
* 0 * * 0
* * 0 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!965 84!975 84!985 84!093 84!002
12]97 00]18 06]09 07]17 02]47
4[057 4[070 4[083 4[193 4[103
04[0 8[4 09[1 7[0 7[7
* 0 0 1 0
5 369 487 273 6
* 206 181 167 *
* * * * *
1 0 3 0 0
3 0 0 0 *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
0 * * * 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!010 84!017 84!027 84!038 84!048
01]16 05]13 05]93 05]48 09]17
4[112 4[120 4[130 4[140 4[148
6[8 6[1 09[9 00[9 8[6
* * * 2 *
3 07 7 00 05
1 4 * * 4
* * * * *
* * * 0 *
* * * 1 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 0 * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!055 84!066 84!198 84!106 84!113
09]28 01]98 94]48 91]20 94]06
4[153 4[161 4[178 4[181 4[183
6[9 00[0 20[6 6[8 6[0
* * * * *
7 42 09è 199è 100è
0 09 0è 63è 53è
* * * * *
* * 1 0 4
* * 2 1 1
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * 0 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!123 84!133 84!141 84!151 84!161
97]28 04]33 90]25 91]96 99]45
4[186 4[188 4[188 4[299 4[188
09[0 09[2 6[3 09[9 09[9
* * * * *
1è 34è 09è 0è 3è
0è 09è 5è 1è 9è
* * * * *
3 4 0 0 0
* 4 2 * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* 0 * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
84!173 84!188 84!212 84!222 84!239
11]17 01]37 99]01 99]10 94]26
4[187 4[183 4[174 4[179 4[166
01[8 03[5 12[4 09[9 6[1
* 0 0 11 153
09è 76 099 229 578
1è 11 029 182 225
* * 0 * 0
0 * 2 0 0
* 2 0 0 0
* * * * *
* * * * *
0 * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * 0 *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
0422
00 04 75 00 321 28 154
39 01 79 8 2760 736 736
04 0 * * 1974 0133 0133
016
41 02 27 42 109 61 61
4 6 17 01 095 57 57
2 * * * 005 86 86
9
0 0 5 0 19 01 01
0 * 2 0 03 8 8
0 * 2 * 89 75 75
1
* * 3 * 01 4 4
* * 0 * 1 1 1
0 * * * 20 29 29
9
* * * 0 2 9 9
* * 0 * 2 1 1
* * 0 0 7 6 6
9
* * * * 2 2 2
* * 0 * 0 0 0
* * * * 0 0 0
84!230 84!230 84!231 84!251
04]29 4[179 0[3 06]34 4[170 9[0 99]00 4[171 9[2 00]46 4[219 19[4 Impacts "counted# Impacts "complete data# All events "complete data#
*** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ * * * * 1 1 * 0 * 1 3 7
*** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐÐ * * 0 * * * * * * * 1 5
*** ÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐ * * * * 0 * * * * * * 1
*** ÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐ * * * * * * * * * * * *
*** ÐÐÐÐÐ** ÐÐÐÐÐ* ÐÐÐÐÐ * * * * * * * * * * * *
82
03]94 96]18 11]18 96]10 94]09
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
83!084 83!192 83!100 83!108 83!155
No[
EA CA IT
ET
EIT EIC ICC PA
PET EVD ICP ECP CCP PCP HV R
LON
LAT
DJup
ROT SLON
SLAT
V
VEF
M
MEF
82!997 03]45 82!998 05]38 82!909 03]13 82!909 12]90 82!900 00]47 82!901 99]43 82!904 12]38 82!905 01]34 82!905 01]34 82!905 10]12 82!906 09]19 82!906 09]19 82!908 90]98 82!919 92]91 82!919 92]91 82!911 91]29 82!912 97]30 82!913 12]20 82!916 92]06 82!920 08]16 82!923 92]21 82!926 93]42 82!939 09]21 82!931 11]45 82!934 91]31 82!936 08]13 82!937 01]39 82!949 92]18 82!940 90]93 82!940 07]08 82!941 91]46 82!943 91]13 82!943 12]47 82!944 06]02 82!946 92]33 82!948 92]01 82!952 12]39 82!956 90]90 82!957 96]02 82!957 00]20 82!969 91]10 82!969 91]10 82!960 93]03 82!963 90]05 82!979 10]01 82!970 03]16 82!971 05]19 82!985 97]01 82!986 09]94 82!099 04]34
11 18 10 11 45 7 02 19 01 2 9 29 8 01 41 12 12 38 03 09 09 5 19 8 42 01 38 29 10 14 13 01 13 02 19 14 02 18 10 2 18 44 11 00 6 2 29 5 17 50
09 09 3 0 09 9 04 2 3 04 9 8 04 04 03 3 7 3 9 04 8 9 03 3 5 9 04 6 8 5 01 03 7 03 2 2 04 5 04 04 02 3 02 02 9 0 3 4 5 6
00 5 04 4 4 3 9 00 01 7 9 1 9 9 02 4 04 4 00 9 04 09 04 02 4 3 5 9 9 6 6 9 5 9 00 04 9 4 7 04 9 4 04 01 7 9 4 03 5 9
0 9 0 9 9 9 20 0 0 0 9 4 29 20 9 9 1 9 0 20 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 2 20 9 9 20 9 06 0 9 20 9 03 6 04 9 2 6 0 00 9 2 9 2
004[3 005[5 006[5 007[9 007[5 008[1 012[4 013[0 013[0 013[4 014[9 014[9 015[6 016[7 016[7 018[7 020[9 021[5 023[5 027[8 039[8 032[4 035[0 037[9 038[5 040[5 041[0 042[1 042[7 043[2 043[5 044[8 045[4 046[9 046[5 048[0 051[9 052[7 053[4 053[5 054[4 054[4 055[0 056[5 060[9 060[2 060[7 066[7 067[1 068[4
−0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[2 −0[2 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4
4[03170 4[01098 4[09293 4[98473 4[97494 4[96317 3[88480 3[87421 3[87421 3[86716 3[85669 3[85669 3[82508 3[80429 3[80429 3[76615 3[74214 3[71148 3[67101 3[58593 3[54274 3[48846 3[43219 3[49905 3[35271 3[30801 3[39622 3[27091 3[25541 3[24388 3[23813 3[20689 3[29268 3[18146 3[16918 3[13999 3[05633 3[01188 3[09385 3[09130 3[96838 3[96838 3[95325 3[91346 2[82212 2[81277 2[89881 2[63190 2[61831 2[58119
71 62 034 80 062 888 076 12 35 10 002 199 51 888 888 82 011 37 888 159 066 44 51 145 056 025 248 062 017 85 83 297 35 197 155 71 048 54 82 018 888 888 888 44 40 032 9 194 888 032
06 13 −16 8 −25 888 −25 52 34 53 −5 −22 22 888 888 −5 −29 17 888 −01 −51 12 13 −09 −49 −23 46 −41 −17 −2 −0 20 25 −33 −0 7 −37 10 9 −18 888 888 888 18 21 −28 45 −35 888 −28
1[2 4[1 00[7 69[9 1[9 28[5 3[4 8[6 18[7 1[2 1[2 01[0 1[9 3[4 1[9 34[6 08[9 28[5 1[2 1[9 1[9 1[2 01[6 1[9 25[6 1[9 1[9 04[9 01[6 22[0 1[4 1[2 07[2 1[4 8[6 8[6 1[9 05[2 1[9 6[1 1[9 00[7 1[9 63 18[7 08[9 25[4 6[1 10[5 04[9
0[8 0[8 8[4 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 1[9 0[8 0[8 0[6 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 8[4 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[6
2[6 = 09−09 3[8 = 09−09 4[0 = 09−01 0[5 = 09−03 6[7 = 09−96 8[9 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−00 1[8 = 09−01 0[1 = 09−02 0[2 = 09−09 1[9 = 09−09 4[8 = 09−00 0[1 = 09−09 0[9 = 09−00 1[5 = 09−96 4[8 = 09−03 4[1 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−01 0[7 = 09−09 0[6 = 09−09 3[0 = 09−09 3[7 = 09−00 0[4 = 09−01 0[1 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−00 0[7 = 09−97 0[4 = 09−96 2[3 = 09−00 4[3 = 09−01 2[8 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−98 0[2 = 09−09 1[2 = 09−01 6[3 = 09−00 1[8 = 09−01 3[9 = 09−00 2[2 = 09−09 0[4 = 09−00 7[0 = 09−09 5[4 = 09−02 1[2 = 09−97 8[2 = 09−09 3[1 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−01 0[2 = 09−02 2[4 = 09−03 8[7 = 09−02 7[7 = 09−02 3[0 = 09−01 1[9 = 09−97
09[4 09[2 1589[0 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 01[4 09[4 09[4 6[0 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[0 09[4 09[4 09[4 1589[0 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 6[0
2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0
1 3 2 2 4 5 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 4 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 5
5 01 106 144 086 9 076 37 20 38 139 067 19 9 9 143 122 29 9 024 083 14 19 027 190 112 54 086 118 141 142 090 20 061 020 5 196 07 143 117 9 9 9 14 17 107 53 063 9 107
00 14 08 12 44 48 02 01 11 12 00 15 00 00 41 08 09 15 01 01 08 01 01 00 38 46 41 15 10 10 19 01 08 09 01 14 02 12 02 01 17 49 7 7 17 00 13 00 12 48
2 17 06 00 20 20 0 1 09 00 0 17 6 0 20 13 0 06 0 8 00 00 0 0 10 29 06 15 8 2 14 0 02 6 1 06 0 17 06 0 14 10 0 06 08 0 00 0 06 20
02 00 03 2 03 3 01 09 4 00 02 8 04 01 01 4 7 3 02 04 01 02 8 04 6 02 04 8 6 4 01 02 6 04 09 7 03 8 03 00 02 03 04 00 4 7 5 00 6 8
9 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 36 06 16 36 20 36 11 06 36 36 09 6 36 36 32 13 36 10 5 8 02 13 06 36 20 29 7 36 35 32 36 32 36 13 13 36 36 8 5 16 52 12 2 01 19 36 03 36 20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0[94030 0[94578 0[95047 0[95238 0[95539 0[95823 0[98105 0[98432 0[98432 0[98652 0[09985 0[09985 0[00006 0[00704 0[00704 0[02018 0[02875 0[04002 0[05545 0[19028 0[10835 0[13257 0[15885 0[18970 0[29783 0[22089 0[22796 0[24192 0[24872 0[25598 0[25812 0[27544 0[28336 0[39971 0[30245 0[32005 0[36360 0[49124 0[40266 0[40439 0[42901 0[42901 0[42883 0[45508 0[51761 0[52420 0[53419 0[66929 0[67903 0[79851
088 199 062 086 037 888 023 074 087 073 080 011 199 888 888 078 076 065 888 66 027 079 104 098 079 196 050 062 100 107 107 003 109 029 097 107 089 105 107 109 888 888 888 102 101 192 052 021 888 192
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
259 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 269 260 261 262 263 265 266 267 268 279 270 271 272 273 275 277 278 289 280 281 282 284 285 286 287 288 390 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 300 301 302 305 306 307
IMP[ DATE CLN AR SEC IA
83
Table 4 DPF data] No[\ impact time\ CLN\ AR\ SEC\ IA\ EA\ CA\ IT\ ET\ EIT\ EIC\ ICC\ PA\ PET\ EVD\ ICP\ ECP\ CCP\ PCP\ HV and evaluated data] R\ LON\ LAT\ DJup\ rotation angle "ROT#\ instr[ pointing "SLON\ SLAT#\ speed "V#\ speed error factor "VEF#\ mass "V# and mass error factor "MEF#[ For entries with HV X\ the channeltron high voltage was switched o}
82!092 01[35 82!093 95]90 82!093 95]90 82!096 04[48 82!097 98]04 82!097 11]00 82!098 04]16 82!003 05]03 82!003 19]22 82!005 04]31 82!006 93]27 82!019 94]48 82!011 94]15 82!015 97]28 82!015 01]47 82!018 94]30 82!020 98]16 82!021 08]47 82!026 19]34 82!039 93]49 82!032 90]41 82!033 01]12 82!035 05]98 82!037 91]28 82!043 90]90 82!044 96]02 82!046 04]07 82!056 92]46 82!058 19]39 82!062 04]04 82!070 99]97 82!070 02]93 82!074 19]26 82!076 19]93 82!078 04]01 82!080 90]32 82!082 90]09 82!083 92]93 82!085 04]16 82!086 93]13 82!086 02]91 82!191 02]38 82!107 99]49 82!107 07]94 82!110 04]96 82!112 07]42 82!115 04]43 82!116 93]40 82!116 02]18 82!120 01]12 82!122 05]98 82!126 09]34 82!130 02]47 82!132 98]96
0 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 0 2 2
1 1 2 5 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 1
59 128 64 048 121 48 075 132 8 109 118 3 116 010 4 104 07 82 016 05 044 61 054 23 139 9 12 29 10 127 8 69 7 09 007 060 87 33 102 135 035 02 18 141 46 083 123 125 14 140 40 39 9 21
02 00 10 46 10 19 04 13 08 08 00 19 7 04 09 10 10 03 8 13 08 19 01 19 12 08 02 11 15 14 10 8 19 04 00 19 19 17 09 04 12 03 10 14 02 8 11 14 18 00 00 10 11 03
01 09 14 46 15 6 7 20 03 7 09 14 10 19 02 13 15 04 19 29 03 01 08 14 18 13 8 16 38 20 15 01 14 6 7 00 12 49 6 10 01 19 15 20 08 00 17 20 49 5 02 11 16 11
1 6 0 20 6 7 5 19 4 5 1 01 0 6 1 06 02 1 0 10 01 5 2 08 03 02 0 16 00 00 09 4 19 09 02 6 5 03 0 7 1 00 6 5 2 6 02 06 18 0 7 8 13 10
09 03 8 04 3 6 02 6 8 03 7 4 3 01 02 5 5 03 01 7 7 03 04 00 5 6 03 3 5 5 3 03 8 09 03 8 5 6 8 09 04 09 3 5 02 01 3 5 4 8 8 3 3 7
04 4 4 04 3 04 9 2 04 8 04 5 03 5 2 09 5 04 2 4 02 0 02 09 4 7 2 3 04 3 4 04 8 03 1 9 4 01 04 09 04 5 3 3 09 03 3 3 00 8 09 09 3 3
9 03 6 00 4 5 6 4 9 9 9 5 04 04 03 5 5 9 01 4 9 7 9 5 4 5 02 4 4 4 4 9 5 9 03 00 5 4 9 5 9 9 4 5 8 9 4 4 4 9 4 9 4 5
0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00 36 36 14 35 48 38 36 36 5 36 34 12 08 07 31 35 36 08 36 36 7 34 09 36 33 45 36 36 36 35 2 33 7 01 07 32 36 06 39 6 7 35 36 27 25 36 36 36 11 9 36 36 31
20 1 9 1 9 0 1 9 20 12 20 9 2 0 1 9 9 20 0 9 06 9 16 9 9 9 1 03 9 9 9 20 9 05 0 0 9 9 20 9 18 7 9 9 9 07 9 9 9 09 9 16 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0[72464 0[73117 0[73117 0[76219 0[76858 0[77345 0[78094 0[82529 0[82680 0[84399 0[84771 0[87596 1[99252 1[93919 1[93068 1[95440 1[97330 1[98587 1[03963 1[05982 1[07455 1[08688 1[10530 1[11754 1[16772 1[17839 1[29786 1[27675 1[39882 1[33952 1[38880 1[49311 1[42737 1[44397 1[45711 1[46838 1[48382 1[59221 1[51173 1[51690 1[51868 1[55735 1[67363 1[68995 1[70014 1[71695 1[73792 1[74084 1[74345 1[77202 1[78751 1[81444 1[84370 1[85634
079[5 079[8 079[8 071[0 071[3 071[5 071[7 073[5 073[5 074[1 074[3 075[3 076[9 077[2 077[3 078[1 078[7 089[1 080[6 081[2 082[0 082[3 083[9 083[3 084[8 085[1 085[6 087[8 088[4 199[2 190[8 191[9 191[7 192[1 192[5 192[7 193[1 193[3 193[8 194[9 194[0 195[9 197[5 197[6 198[1 198[4 109[9 109[0 109[0 109[6 100[0 100[5 101[1 101[4
−0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[4 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[3 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[2 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[1 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[0 −0[9 −0[9
2[54871 2[54072 2[54072 2[50326 2[59548 2[59968 2[48296 2[43904 2[42718 2[40873 2[40324 2[37259 2[35392 2[31283 2[31111 2[28557 2[26546 2[25221 2[20680 2[18620 2[16127 2[15998 2[13075 2[11873 2[07028 2[06023 2[04177 2[97918 2[95938 2[92229 1[87082 1[86715 1[83817 1[82512 1[81340 1[80410 1[89143 1[78458 1[76877 1[76540 1[76317 1[73234 1[64274 1[63875 1[62393 1[61122 1[69581 1[69395 1[69104 1[57031 1[56917 1[54097 1[52934 1[51050
5 003 234 115 013 6 077 097 66 044 017 73 020 179 72 037 54 208 160 57 121 238 107 31 002 888 47 37 59 004 66 241 68 65 173 109 201 17 049 093 134 61 38 85 09 066 010 007 44 86 07 23 888 34
060 104 030 006 101 062 040 105 106 083 100 107 109 003 112 195 119 015 002 110 019 042 015 101 111 888 107 103 108 118 129 054 129 129 011 041 032 110 114 132 024 130 123 133 190 082 138 149 136 142 111 125 888 132
44 −07 42 −22 −15 44 −41 −03 00 −35 −18 4 −20 7 4 −32 19 27 0 07 −29 41 −39 26 −07 888 14 21 12 −10 8 40 6 09 09 −36 20 33 −36 −01 −10 02 29 −4 40 −46 −13 −11 17 −4 49 31 888 24
8[6 1[9 19[0 1[9 41[5 01[6 1[2 01[6 6[1 1[9 08[9 22[0 69[9 01[8 01[6 04[9 15[3 1[9 3[4 12[2 8[6 1[9 1[9 4[1 21[5 07[2 1[9 41[5 08[9 08[9 36[0 1[0 01[0 8[6 1[9 6[1 21[5 01[6 01[6 09[6 1[9 07[8 41[5 08[9 4[1 2[7 41[5 08[9 18[7 01[6 07[2 28[5 41[5 08[9
0[8 0[8 1[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 1[6 7[2 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 1[9 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8
0[3 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−09 1[3 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−95 5[7 = 09−03 6[2 = 09−02 0[9 = 09−09 3[3 = 09−00 8[1 = 09−01 1[8 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−02 2[3 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−04 1[2 = 09−01 4[2 = 09−02 5[9 = 09−01 8[4 = 09−02 4[0 = 09−09 0[7 = 09−00 3[4 = 09−01 2[8 = 09−01 5[0 = 09−09 3[7 = 09−09 0[1 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−01 1[2 = 09−01 0[6 = 09−09 8[7 = 09−03 1[3 = 09−00 0[4 = 09−00 0[0 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−00 7[2 = 09−02 0[9 = 09−09 5[0 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−09 1[9 = 09−02 3[2 = 09−01 0[9 = 09−98 5[0 = 09−02 5[7 = 09−03 0[4 = 09−00 0[8 = 09−00 0[0 = 09−00 0[1 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−00 8[6 = 09−01 1[9 = 09−02 1[9 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−02 8[7 = 09−03 7[3 = 09−02
09[4 09[4 17[7 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 21[6 0695[7 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 02[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[2 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[2 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4
84
continued over
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
308 319 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 329 320 321 322 323 324 325 327 328 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 349 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 359 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 369 360 361 362 363
85
Table 4 Continued No[
82!137 94]25 82!149 11]07 82!140 08]42 82!141 97]38 82!142 95]12 82!147 04]38 82!148 99]15 82!150 97]20 82!169 01]21 82!160 94]37 82!160 94]37 82!160 03]14 82!164 93]31 82!165 91]06 82!179 94]29 82!182 10]11 82!184 92]23 82!187 06]40 82!290 95]04 82!290 09]23 82!293 19]21 82!295 08]48 82!295 08]48 82!201 94]13 82!203 99]22 82!204 95]34 82!219 19]18 82!212 97]42 82!212 97]42 82!215 03]21 82!222 03]36 82!223 05]39 82!224 90]06 82!225 05]96 82!226 94]93 82!231 07]37 82!249 96]48 82!243 95]43 82!245 08]07 82!248 05]08 82!250 00]17 83!993 93]47 83!993 98]06 83!994 04]18 83!998 09]93 83!900 00]45 83!909 00]46 83!904 93]96 83!907 94]17 83!910 95]37 83!913 10]94
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2
1 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 1 3 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2
138 29 139 125 104 23 5 04 100 125 070 112 111 141 103 074 29 197 137 104 0 115 35 136 00 128 080 128 062 118 144 121 3 1 04 01 32 68 23 6 14 55 6 67 11 9 40 20 136 140 0
03 02 10 13 11 02 19 01 02 10 19 10 13 12 8 7 18 7 12 10 14 09 11 11 14 11 01 29 41 10 7 08 00 01 02 04 09 8 8 19 08 7 12 15 13 08 11 01 7 00 08
EA CA IT 11 08 15 18 16 10 13 19 08 15 19 14 18 18 09 3 41 09 10 14 20 03 16 16 20 16 01 42 43 15 01 11 08 19 3 10 03 2 09 12 12 4 18 38 29 12 15 08 02 08 11
4 00 17 07 7 2 06 6 02 11 06 09 06 17 8 0 17 4 10 3 13 11 01 04 8 6 01 12 16 07 4 01 5 01 09 01 4 09 00 02 4 6 17 19 11 06 17 0 0 0 6
7 09 3 3 3 7 5 8 09 4 7 4 6 4 8 09 7 01 09 3 7 7 3 3 6 3 00 7 04 6 8 7 8 8 09 09 8 09 00 5 6 09 5 09 5 6 3 7 00 7 6
ET 3 09 3 3 4 3 7 4 7 4 3 6 4 4 09 04 4 04 4 3 6 8 4 4 3 3 04 5 02 7 8 09 7 4 04 09 8 04 09 4 7 04 4 04 4 7 3 5 04 8 3
EIT EIC ICC PA 5 6 4 4 5 5 4 5 6 4 02 5 4 4 9 9 4 9 9 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 9 4 4 5 4 5 5 7 9 5 6 9 9 4 5 9 4 5 4 5 4 6 9 6 4
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 0 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 25 35 36 36 30 32 28 25 34 06 34 36 36 1 25 36 06 07 35 36 25 36 36 36 36 36 36 15 34 9 31 27 28 26 30 25 28 9 32 33 9 36 01 36 32 35 28 48 27 31
PET EVD ICP ECP CCP PCP HV R 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 20 20 9 20 00 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 18 9 9 29 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2[99022 2[91990 2[91510 2[91882 2[92500 2[96185 2[96439 2[98012 2[04145 2[04621 2[04621 2[04869 2[07226 2[07815 2[10511 2[29258 2[20051 2[22305 2[23873 2[24985 2[26198 2[27315 2[27315 2[30606 2[31795 2[32455 2[35895 2[37390 2[37390 2[49201 2[43396 2[44921 2[44139 2[45062 2[45372 2[48569 2[52815 2[55018 2[56419 2[58090 2[69973 2[63157 2[63254 2[64928 2[66940 2[66511 2[66511 2[79973 2[70570 2[72155 2[74007
LON 102[1 102[5 102[6 102[7 102[8 103[5 103[6 104[9 105[1 105[2 105[2 105[2 105[7 105[8 106[3 108[9 108[1 108[5 108[8 108[8 119[2 119[4 119[4 110[0 110[2 110[3 111[9 111[2 111[2 111[5 112[2 112[3 112[4 112[5 112[6 113[1 114[9 114[3 114[5 114[8 115[9 115[6 115[7 115[8 116[1 116[2 116[2 116[6 117[9 117[1 117[5
LAT −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −0[9 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[8 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[7 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6
DJup 1[48700 1[47418 1[47094 1[46741 1[46320 1[43830 1[43667 1[42619 1[38561 1[38250 1[38250 1[38196 1[36569 1[36178 1[34447 1[39935 1[28442 1[27047 1[26082 1[26013 1[24718 1[24976 1[24976 1[22989 1[21321 1[20864 1[18860 1[18968 1[18968 1[16831 1[14408 1[14040 1[14917 1[13368 1[13185 1[11317 1[08833 1[07552 1[06744 1[05827 1[05257 1[02836 1[02780 1[02491 1[01239 1[01909 1[01998 1[09476 1[98554 1[97638 1[96568
ROT SLON 099 37 002 007 037 31 71 58 042 007 084 025 027 85 038 089 37 047 090 037 78 021 14 092 64 003 070 003 196 017 80 013 73 76 58 62 29 228 31 79 44 246 79 239 48 888 07 35 092 86 78
145 136 143 142 128 149 150 159 128 147 075 140 149 145 126 077 137 138 164 147 164 156 140 164 163 162 107 162 076 158 164 160 164 164 177 177 158 197 167 178 173 120 178 198 174 888 147 179 178 178 189
SLAT −7 22 −07 −11 −32 26 6 06 −35 −11 −40 −24 −25 −3 −32 −42 22 −38 −8 −32 0 −22 36 −09 01 −08 −44 −08 −36 −29 −0 −16 3 1 06 02 34 38 26 7 17 43 7 49 14 888 40 23 −09 −4 0
V 08[9 09[6 41[5 41[5 36[0 08[9 11[3 01[6 05[9 39[8 8[6 29[4 15[6 39[8 01[6 8[6 8[6 2[1 3[4 41[5 8[6 13[3 0[5 36[0 01[6 41[5 6[1 8[6 1[4 07[2 08[8 09[6 01[6 01[6 8[6 09[6 08[8 8[6 6[1 21[5 07[2 8[6 21[5 3[4 21[5 07[2 41[5 08[9 3[0 08[9 18[7
VEF 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[6 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 36[0 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 1[9
M
MEF −02
7[3 = 09 1[2 = 09−01 5[7 = 09−03 0[7 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−02 5[0 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−01 0[4 = 09−01 6[8 = 09−02 1[9 = 09−02 6[3 = 09−01 4[9 = 09−02 1[4 = 09−01 3[5 = 09−02 1[7 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−02 3[2 = 09−09 0[3 = 09−00 0[5 = 09−09 4[6 = 09−03 8[6 = 09−00 5[2 = 09−03 0[5 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−02 4[1 = 09−00 8[7 = 09−03 1[7 = 09−01 4[8 = 09−09 0[2 = 09−96 3[0 = 09−01 6[3 = 09−03 6[4 = 09−01 0[0 = 09−01 0[4 = 09−01 2[7 = 09−02 3[2 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−02 0[1 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−02 1[9 = 09−01 0[8 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−01 0[6 = 09−98 0[4 = 09−01 1[9 = 09−01 7[3 = 09−03 2[5 = 09−02 0[9 = 09−00 2[9 = 09−02 1[4 = 09−02
09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 6[2 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 01[0
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
364 365 366 367 368 379 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 499 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 498 409 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 419 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 429
IMP[ DATE CLN AR SEC IA
83!915 05]02 83!916 94]09 83!921 12]02 83!939 92]36 83!930 98]48 83!932 98]15 83!932 11]11 83!932 11]11 83!935 08]13 83!937 12]09 83!938 05]14 83!947 96]29 83!948 98]12 83!954 19]30 83!954 19]30 83!956 96]01 83!961 92]30 83!964 02]28 83!965 91]25 83!989 92]94 83!982 10]30 83!986 05]06 83!987 07]09 83!092 95]90 83!094 03]95 83!096 99]26 83!019 01]09 83!019 01]09 83!010 11]30 83!018 96]22 83!020 91]31 83!020 04]27 83!022 12]32 83!025 05]15 83!039 91]13 83!038 04]92 83!040 07]38 83!042 02]46 83!044 06]33 83!052 91]25 83!054 12]27 83!056 07]35 83!057 96]32 83!058 07]02 83!060 99]14 83!062 93]00 83!071 97]02 83!076 99]11 83!077 04]01 83!089 95]91 83!087 10]95 83!192 02]05 83!192 06[24 83!194 01]32
0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 2 1
1 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1
135 137 03 3 08 196 104 128 74 16 107 059 10 096 130 55 102 69 1 85 075 5 084 018 47 130 124 104 5 137 11 106 02 4 7 17 123 197 35 16 125 128 08 102 06 126 111 38 11 08 134 084 193 113
01 03 00 16 19 03 00 19 03 01 17 03 8 7 19 8 7 01 09 02 19 19 10 12 08 08 02 7 03 11 11 13 09 01 8 09 10 03 11 10 7 00 8 08 09 00 01 01 8 10 19 7 7 7
04 02 08 38 12 03 4 13 01 19 49 19 08 01 13 3 9 3 08 7 10 12 14 15 13 11 4 00 10 16 16 29 03 19 03 02 15 02 16 14 01 04 01 12 03 00 09 01 02 15 12 01 01 4
09 01 0 02 3 00 8 07 00 1 03 5 0 11 00 0 7 5 4 0 00 09 00 15 0 4 00 0 6 4 12 07 0 0 8 4 7 3 08 03 8 0 5 11 6 6 03 00 4 04 15 9 0 0
8 09 7 4 4 00 09 00 00 8 5 8 02 7 4 00 09 00 8 09 7 5 4 09 6 7 09 8 8 3 09 3 7 7 09 8 3 09 09 3 7 7 8 6 8 09 09 00 7 3 5 8 8 8
8 04 6 04 4 09 04 09 04 4 09 7 5 7 3 02 9 04 7 04 02 4 6 00 3 3 04 09 4 3 8 3 8 5 09 09 4 04 04 4 8 8 00 3 09 09 00 04 8 3 3 8 8 04
9 9 5 4 5 9 9 4 9 5 4 09 7 5 4 9 9 9 6 9 4 5 4 7 5 5 9 7 6 4 5 4 6 5 6 8 4 9 4 4 6 6 7 4 7 9 9 9 4 4 4 5 6 9
0 0 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0
25 38 27 36 32 25 39 4 38 30 36 26 36 24 33 8 24 7 27 31 30 32 35 32 34 32 26 9 30 36 7 36 26 28 25 25 35 59 33 35 9 26 9 32 26 9 23 33 25 35 32 25 24 9
9 20 9 9 9 6 20 0 20 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 29 9 20 0 9 9 9 9 9 29 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2[75927 2[75202 2[78120 2[81714 2[82338 2[83313 2[83589 2[83589 2[85099 2[86040 2[86490 3[90549 3[91052 3[94104 3[94104 3[94777 3[97039 3[98600 3[98846 3[05158 3[06823 3[08473 3[19942 3[10883 3[11885 3[12598 3[18150 3[18150 3[18742 3[21745 3[22470 3[22687 3[23623 3[24796 3[26046 3[39752 3[30589 3[31265 3[32084 3[34850 3[36916 3[36578 3[36776 3[37302 3[37762 3[38546 3[41831 3[43476 3[44041 3[44603 3[47563 3[59138 3[59209 3[59809
117[6 117[7 118[1 118[7 118[8 129[0 129[1 129[1 129[3 129[5 129[5 120[2 120[3 120[8 120[8 121[9 121[3 121[5 121[6 122[6 123[9 123[2 123[2 123[6 123[7 123[9 124[8 124[8 125[9 125[4 125[5 125[5 125[7 126[9 126[1 126[7 127[9 127[0 127[1 127[6 127[8 128[9 128[9 128[0 128[1 128[2 128[8 139[1 139[2 139[3 139[8 130[1 130[1 130[2
−9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[6 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[5 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[4 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3
1[96035 1[95876 1[94186 1[92198 1[91735 1[91166 1[91012 1[91012 1[90299 1[99574 1[99379 0[87932 0[86639 0[84822 0[84822 0[84423 0[83089 0[82138 0[82090 0[78163 0[77141 0[76122 0[75832 0[74623 0[74096 0[73611 0[70013 0[70013 0[79631 0[67675 0[67209 0[67056 0[66437 0[65724 0[64821 0[62305 0[61736 0[61262 0[60793 0[58751 0[58092 0[57529 0[57376 0[57097 0[56666 0[56197 0[53678 0[52444 0[52016 0[51588 0[59305 0[48066 0[48018 0[47541
093 090 69 73 52 048 037 003 229 41 032 114 59 299 000 246 049 241 76 204 077 71 065 158 7 000 019 037 71 090 48 034 61 72 68 40 010 047 14 41 007 003 52 049 55 006 027 10 48 52 094 065 052 024
178 178 177 299 186 161 172 187 109 182 175 199 185 083 187 130 179 122 299 199 122 299 140 089 146 187 180 167 184 184 180 179 189 180 180 173 177 155 157 179 172 173 172 156 173 173 165 147 171 172 175 127 143 166
−00 −7 05 3 10 −38 −32 −08 34 29 −39 −24 13 13 −05 43 −34 43 1 24 −42 6 −43 9 43 −05 −12 −32 6 −7 14 −30 04 5 8 20 −13 −38 36 29 −11 −08 10 −34 08 −10 −26 38 14 10 −01 −43 −40 −24
08[8 8[6 08[9 18[7 39[8 6[1 8[6 4[1 6[1 01[6 08[9 07[2 1[2 15[3 34[6 6[1 8[6 6[1 01[6 8[6 8[6 21[5 29[4 4[8 18[7 15[0 8[6 07[2 01[6 41[5 8[4 41[5 13[3 08[9 05[9 07[2 36[0 8[6 2[7 36[0 13[3 13[3 05[9 18[7 07[2 8[6 8[6 6[1 13[3 41[5 25[4 08[8 08[8 01[6
0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 1[9 1[3 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[6 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 1[9 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8
1[1 = 09−02 0[8 = 09−01 2[9 = 09−02 4[0 = 09−01 0[9 = 09−02 4[3 = 09−01 2[0 = 09−02 8[7 = 09−00 2[8 = 09−01 0[4 = 09−01 3[5 = 09−00 5[8 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−09 1[4 = 09−03 6[7 = 09−03 3[5 = 09−02 5[4 = 09−02 6[3 = 09−02 8[0 = 09−02 6[2 = 09−02 8[9 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−02 4[9 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−09 2[5 = 09−02 3[9 = 09−02 3[3 = 09−02 7[8 = 09−03 1[4 = 09−01 8[7 = 09−03 2[5 = 09−00 1[0 = 09−02 5[2 = 09−03 3[2 = 09−02 1[7 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−02 0[8 = 09−01 5[9 = 09−09 8[1 = 09−03 2[1 = 09−03 7[1 = 09−03 1[9 = 09−02 2[9 = 09−02 1[9 = 09−02 7[4 = 09−02 7[5 = 09−02 1[7 = 09−01 3[5 = 09−03 5[7 = 09−03 0[6 = 09−02 6[3 = 09−03 6[3 = 09−03 0[9 = 09−02
5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[2 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 01[0 12[6 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 6[5 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 01[0 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4
86
continued over
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 439 430 431 432 433 434 435 449 441 443 446 447 448 459 452 454 455 456 457 458 461 462 463 464 465 467 468 479 470 471 473 474 476 477 478 489 481 503 504 505 506 508 511 512 513
87
Table 4 Continued No[
83!196 19]37 83!197 03]93 83!101 99]91 83!108 02]02 83!119 09]37 83!110 05]48 83!118 03]38 83!121 92]01 83!122 07]91 83!122 11]10 83!125 09]34 83!127 07]49 83!127 12]97 83!139 11]25 83!130 91]44 83!131 98]96 83!136 98]43 83!137 00]36 83!138 11]07 83!149 91]26 83!145 98]25 83!146 91]41 83!146 04]37 83!147 99]15 83!148 04]05 83!156 93]16 83!156 02]94 83!158 97]02 83!160 05]07 83!161 02]41 83!166 90]32 83!166 95]91 83!167 01]03 83!179 05]99 83!171 00]98 83!171 04]17 83!174 05]37 83!175 03]11 83!176 00]45 83!177 02]49 83!178 04]32 83!180 95]21 83!180 04]09 83!181 10]11 83!184 07]12 83!188 97]39 83!299 09]22 83!290 92]38 83!295 10]41 83!200 03[91 83!204 99]99
1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 0 0 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 1
3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
144 17 032 100 132 131 129 074 2 137 106 040 41 9 23 20 057 069 9 121 54 114 22 116 84 114 0 06 127 0 69 041 39 10 100 110 13 11 124 04 08 41 142 139 36 31 141 194 194 075 9
13 02 02 02 08 09 01 01 7 03 10 08 02 19 19 7 16 09 04 19 15 01 19 7 02 00 02 09 8 01 38 8 10 00 02 02 02 19 03 03 8 19 19 08 7 19 09 7 09 8 00
EA CA IT 16 19 6 10 8 03 19 10 5 10 16 08 19 12 14 01 12 01 11 12 38 19 12 5 10 8 19 02 02 19 40 7 03 19 11 19 19 14 8 11 02 12 14 11 01 12 03 01 02 6 3
16 01 3 9 09 0 0 0 9 9 02 03 0 15 19 9 06 0 0 8 12 0 00 4 09 6 5 01 6 7 15 00 09 4 3 6 01 0 06 01 5 6 5 3 0 19 01 3 0 9 9
03 7 09 7 7 8 8 8 00 8 3 09 7 5 4 8 01 09 7 5 7 8 6 8 7 8 7 09 01 09 6 01 09 8 8 09 09 4 00 8 7 5 4 8 03 8 8 8 7 01 6
ET 03 4 04 3 04 8 4 3 01 04 3 6 4 3 5 8 2 04 3 7 04 4 8 02 3 00 4 00 04 6 4 04 04 4 3 7 5 3 04 4 8 4 4 3 04 00 09 8 8 04 9
EIT EIC ICC PA 9 4 9 5 9 5 5 5 9 9 4 9 5 5 4 6 02 9 5 5 4 6 5 9 4 9 5 8 9 6 3 9 9 7 5 8 6 5 9 5 6 5 4 5 9 6 5 6 7 9 09
0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9
0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9
50 39 32 30 50 25 39 30 29 30 36 28 39 32 34 9 18 07 32 32 36 28 32 9 39 9 28 9 50 28 07 32 51 30 31 27 27 35 28 31 25 33 35 31 12 30 25 9 9 34 1
PET EVD ICP ECP CCP PCP HV R 09 9 29 9 20 9 9 9 06 20 9 6 9 9 9 9 0 20 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 0 20 20 9 9 9 9 9 29 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9 9 9 20 20
0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3[50575 3[50813 3[52937 3[54384 3[54672 3[55074 3[57570 3[58352 3[58853 3[69908 3[69681 3[60494 3[60459 3[61048 3[61103 3[61482 3[63987 3[63306 3[63731 3[63784 3[65629 3[65827 3[66982 3[66086 3[66550 3[68688 3[68899 3[79390 3[70938 3[70186 3[71415 3[71464 3[71805 3[72387 3[72879 3[73917 3[73739 3[74966 3[74203 3[74487 3[74779 3[75290 3[75284 3[75610 3[76350 3[77266 3[77549 3[77720 3[89156 3[80302 3[81128
LON 130[4 130[4 130[6 131[0 131[1 131[2 131[6 131[8 132[9 132[9 132[0 132[2 132[2 132[3 132[3 132[4 132[6 132[7 132[8 132[8 133[2 133[2 133[2 133[2 133[3 133[7 133[8 134[9 134[0 134[0 134[3 134[3 134[4 134[5 134[6 134[6 134[8 134[8 135[9 135[9 135[0 135[1 135[1 135[1 135[3 135[5 135[5 135[6 136[9 136[1 136[3
LAT −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[3 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[2 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1
DJup 0[47920 0[46739 0[45821 0[43811 0[43571 0[43235 0[41120 0[40446 0[40012 0[40964 0[49288 0[38660 0[38612 0[38080 0[38031 0[37792 0[36335 0[36044 0[35655 0[35606 0[34902 0[33707 0[33561 0[33463 0[33023 0[31968 0[30879 0[30389 0[39740 0[39594 0[28262 0[28213 0[27867 0[27274 0[26780 0[26730 0[25888 0[25640 0[25492 0[25194 0[24896 0[24348 0[24259 0[24900 0[23103 0[22104 0[21803 0[21603 0[20098 0[18790 0[17731
ROT SLON 80 40 138 042 097 009 016 089 75 090 034 127 06 888 31 35 103 100 888 013 248 023 33 020 205 023 78 55 004 78 241 125 23 59 042 028 45 48 019 58 52 06 83 002 13 20 85 051 051 077 888
176 168 067 154 174 174 170 107 175 175 160 070 143 888 164 166 082 084 888 171 129 167 165 168 076 167 176 173 189 181 115 076 165 177 169 179 176 177 178 189 178 159 181 189 156 162 181 151 151 114 888
SLAT 9 20 −06 −36 −03 −04 −18 −42 2 −8 −31 −14 40 888 26 23 −31 −33 888 −16 43 −23 24 −21 25 −23 0 08 −19 0 43 −15 32 13 −35 −27 16 14 −12 06 10 40 −2 −06 37 33 −3 −49 −49 −42 888
V 1[4 08[9 8[6 08[9 8[6 08[8 01[6 01[6 6[1 01[6 41[5 3[4 08[9 25[4 22[0 08[8 1[9 3[6 08[9 11[3 8[6 01[6 05[9 01[6 08[9 01[6 08[9 03[9 2[1 8[6 45[9 3[4 3[4 01[6 01[6 8[6 8[6 34[6 6[1 01[6 13[3 21[5 39[8 11[3 1[0 6[3 07[2 08[8 13[3 3[4 18[7
VEF 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[6 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 1[9 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 2[0 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8
M
MEF −98
2[4 = 09 4[0 = 09−02 5[2 = 09−02 5[0 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−01 0[7 = 09−01 4[3 = 09−02 1[4 = 09−01 6[8 = 09−03 4[8 = 09−00 4[0 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−02 2[3 = 09−02 6[3 = 09−03 6[6 = 09−98 6[5 = 09−01 8[3 = 09−02 8[9 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−09 0[4 = 09−01 2[4 = 09−01 0[1 = 09−02 5[0 = 09−02 2[2 = 09−02 4[0 = 09−02 3[1 = 09−02 1[5 = 09−00 1[8 = 09−01 0[4 = 09−01 3[9 = 09−01 4[0 = 09−00 0[2 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−01 2[3 = 09−01 2[3 = 09−01 8[1 = 09−03 1[3 = 09−01 2[9 = 09−01 3[5 = 09−03 1[4 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−02 5[8 = 09−02 8[9 = 09−00 1[5 = 09−00 1[9 = 09−02 6[3 = 09−03 4[2 = 09−03 2[3 = 09−01 6[1 = 09−04
5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[6 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 01[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 41[7 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
514 515 516 518 529 520 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 539 530 531 533 534 535 536 538 549 540 541 550 551 552 554 556 557 558 560 561 562 564 565 567 568 579 570 572 573 574 576 577 583 585 588 694 609 602
IMP[ DATE CLN AR SEC IA
83!205 08]97 83!206 92]35 83!214 94]43 83!214 03]20 83!223 07]21 83!228 91]94 83!239 01]24 83!230 90]21 83!230 03]18 83!231 96]33 83!235 09]46 83!249 94]22 83!240 00]34 83!241 94]99 83!248 99]45 84!992 99]28 84!903 97]15 84!911 09]23 84!913 03]19 84!914 96]24 84!915 02]36 84!933 93]23 84!943 90]49 84!950 95]13 84!950 95]13 84!950 08]10 84!953 05]11 84!955 04]49 84!957 95]28 84!958 01[40 84!960 96]48 84!962 05]93 84!964 00]02 84!965 97]36 84!972 02]10 84!974 06]96 84!977 07]16 84!978 92]94 84!980 00]09 84!982 08]04 84!988 10]45 84!092 05]20 84!096 91]29 84!009 10]94 84!019 03]92 84!011 98]00 84!039 01]44 84!031 10]99 84!037 09]33 84!070 10]98 84!087 11]48 84!108 08]14 84!108 12]33 84!119 97]10
2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
55 19 131 110 108 058 125 84 26 33 107 66 4 17 06 126 072 42 060 106 08 113 9 19 59 39 49 131 053 141 193 09 118 073 15 051 112 64 017 8 094 24 62 143 6 75 08 199 136 082 9 051 128 74
15 19 08 7 01 00 09 11 10 02 09 13 00 03 13 7 08 08 09 01 7 19 09 02 08 10 08 02 09 19 7 01 09 8 01 09 02 8 09 09 8 02 01 10 08 19 02 00 7 8 8 7 01 7
38 13 11 02 19 8 03 16 15 19 03 29 08 11 29 01 02 12 5 19 00 14 08 10 10 01 6 19 04 13 00 19 04 03 19 02 7 5 3 02 9 3 01 15 12 13 10 04 5 00 8 09 10 8
12 09 5 0 2 9 7 13 00 0 0 7 7 2 03 6 4 09 7 9 7 7 9 9 07 00 06 0 9 09 9 0 0 0 6 9 00 3 6 8 8 0 02 17 6 3 1 2 0 7 0 3 09 01
6 4 7 8 8 00 00 3 4 09 7 4 8 8 5 7 7 6 00 7 8 4 8 8 09 6 8 7 7 5 8 8 7 7 7 7 09 09 09 09 8 7 01 3 6 5 7 7 09 09 6 7 00 6
04 4 4 8 4 04 02 4 5 6 8 2 6 3 3 8 04 4 04 4 8 3 5 4 01 04 5 5 8 4 8 4 8 8 4 8 09 04 2 04 9 04 04 3 6 3 3 8 04 09 8 8 04 8
4 4 5 7 6 9 02 4 4 7 6 4 5 5 4 5 9 5 9 5 6 4 6 5 6 9 9 6 6 5 6 6 5 6 5 6 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 4 5 5 4 6 9 0 2 3 9 2
9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
36 34 31 24 39 14 02 36 35 26 26 36 26 31 36 9 36 32 34 39 9 35 30 30 39 48 39 27 27 34 9 39 28 25 39 25 32 27 9 50 9 06 01 35 33 34 30 27 32 9 5 9 34 5
9 9 9 9 9 20 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 29 9 9 9 9 9 9 20 12 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 11 20 9 20 9 1 20 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 20 9 20 20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3[81569 3[81645 3[83551 3[83635 3[85728 3[86790 3[87007 3[87126 3[87244 3[87402 3[88309 4[99107 4[99373 4[99525 4[91947 4[92762 4[95958 4[96466 4[96860 4[97090 4[97217 4[00270 4[01889 4[03002 4[03002 4[03084 4[03521 4[03818 4[04069 4[04245 4[04508 4[04847 4[05104 4[05232 4[06233 4[06526 4[07935 4[07983 4[07390 4[07693 4[08366 4[08839 4[19240 4[19683 4[10773 4[11967 4[12893 4[13011 4[13512 4[16036 4[17005 4[17856 4[17861 4[17872
136[4 136[4 136[8 137[9 137[3 137[5 137[6 137[6 137[7 137[7 138[9 138[1 138[2 138[2 138[6 149[0 149[6 140[0 140[1 140[1 140[2 141[0 141[5 141[8 141[8 142[9 142[0 142[1 142[2 142[2 142[3 142[4 142[5 142[5 143[9 143[0 143[1 143[1 143[3 143[4 143[6 143[8 144[0 144[2 144[6 144[7 145[5 145[6 146[9 147[4 148[1 159[1 159[1 159[1
−9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[1 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 −9[0 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[9 9[0 9[0 9[0 9[0 9[0
0[17226 0[17125 0[14843 0[14742 0[12140 0[11910 0[10500 0[10346 0[10291 0[10986 0[08802 0[07717 0[07355 0[07159 0[05177 0[02579 0[09261 0[96883 0[96247 0[96035 0[95663 0[90425 9[87458 9[85399 9[85399 9[85126 9[84255 9[83655 9[83164 9[82782 9[82235 9[81523 9[81975 9[80701 9[78500 9[77838 9[77998 9[76788 9[76068 9[75347 9[73456 9[72285 9[71223 9[70047 9[67019 9[66445 9[60719 9[60966 9[58291 9[47415 9[41827 9[35919 9[34859 9[34728
246 51 009 028 031 101 007 205 27 17 032 231 72 40 55 006 082 04 109 034 52 024 888 51 5 23 19 009 108 85 052 65 017 080 42 111 025 234 169 66 291 30 236 82 79 218 52 058 092 068 888 111 003 229
122 178 291 181 180 100 290 194 189 172 189 114 293 186 290 290 133 171 115 290 202 296 888 202 158 299 176 204 108 205 173 204 209 135 209 107 295 130 195 205 100 293 133 205 205 114 202 166 205 143 888 197 294 106
44 11 −04 −27 −39 −32 −11 25 39 35 −39 40 5 20 08 −10 −41 −41 −34 −30 11 −23 888 12 44 32 49 −04 −27 −3 −40 00 −18 −41 18 −25 −24 41 9 09 15 27 42 −0 7 34 11 −42 −8 −43 888 −25 −07 34
01[6 39[8 12[2 08[8 01[6 6[1 6[3 36[0 22[0 8[6 13[3 34[6 01[6 01[6 25[4 13[3 8[6 15[6 6[1 08[9 08[8 34[6 01[6 01[6 2[7 01[6 6[1 08[9 13[3 21[5 08[8 01[6 13[3 13[3 08[9 13[3 8[6 8[6 8[6 3[6 01[6 08[9 3[4 41[5 08[8 25[4 08[9 13[3 8[6 05[9 18[7 13[3 6[1 18[7
0[8 0[5 1[9 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[6 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[6 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8
7[5 = 09−00 0[1 = 09−02 4[8 = 09−02 7[6 = 09−03 0[4 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−01 0[5 = 09−02 3[4 = 09−02 2[3 = 09−01 5[2 = 09−03 2[7 = 09−02 0[0 = 09−01 2[9 = 09−01 8[7 = 09−01 2[1 = 09−03 2[2 = 09−01 3[3 = 09−02 6[4 = 09−02 3[2 = 09−02 5[2 = 09−03 8[1 = 09−03 8[0 = 09−02 1[1 = 09−01 0[3 = 09−09 0[7 = 09−01 1[8 = 09−01 4[0 = 09−02 6[9 = 09−03 2[9 = 09−02 5[2 = 09−03 0[4 = 09−01 6[9 = 09−03 4[3 = 09−03 3[2 = 09−02 4[2 = 09−03 6[2 = 09−02 1[6 = 09−02 1[2 = 09−02 8[9 = 09−01 3[8 = 09−02 4[5 = 09−03 0[1 = 09−00 5[7 = 09−03 0[3 = 09−01 1[9 = 09−02 5[0 = 09−02 7[1 = 09−03 1[2 = 09−02 0[6 = 09−02 0[1 = 09−03 1[3 = 09−03 7[0 = 09−01 0[9 = 09−03
09[4 5[9 02[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 6[2 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[6 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4
88
continued over
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
604 605 608 619 614 617 618 629 620 621 624 626 628 639 635 712 720 725 728 739 731 745 760 764 765 767 779 771 773 775 776 778 780 781 894 806 846 850 860 886 0912 0969 0968 0972 0978 0981 0010 0011 0029 0196 0106 0341 0342 0348
099
Table 4 Continued No[
84!114 06]36 84!115 12]48 84!118 10]99 84!120 05]98 84!126 12]97 84!127 01]94 84!127 05]13 84!139 91]43 84!130 93]36 84!136 19]14 84!149 93]29 84!142 07]35 84!169 05]07 84!170 00]97 84!180 93]95 84!180 01]33 84!293 08]47 84!209 90]94 84!201 11]95 84!204 09]29 84!207 92]02 84!229 93]04 84!220 08]94 84!226 97]38 84!227 12]28 84!230 92]06 84!230 92]13 84!230 96]32 84!230 01]90 84!230 04]04 84!230 04]06 84!230 04]08 84!230 04]11 84!230 04]14 84!230 04]18 84!230 04]29 84!230 04]21 84!230 04]43 84!230 05]97 84!230 05]34 84!230 06]10 84!230 06]14 84!230 06]17 84!230 06]39 84!230 06]31 84!230 06]32 84!230 06]33 84!230 06]33 84!230 06]34 84!230 06]34 84!230 06]35
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 0 2 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3
69 008 9 13 093 64 71 29 010 043 015 6 04 109 140 096 42 53 045 75 081 078 89 054 60 19 88 000 019 62 011 023 59 057 103 093 055 009 005 80 083 53 082 01 046 04 040 35 036 119 008
7 01 03 00 7 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 09 7 03 7 8 8 09 00 03 29 8 7 7 8 7 11 01 7 8 00 00 02 00 02 03 14 8 02 7 7 09 00 8 7 09 08 8 08 15
EA CA IT 9 00 10 03 01 00 8 02 02 02 02 09 01 3 11 01 09 4 08 4 4 43 4 4 9 3 01 14 08 01 00 01 02 04 03 10 10 18 12 08 11 11 6 15 6 11 8 11 00 17 0
02 0 09 1 9 9 3 9 9 0 9 4 4 9 6 0 3 9 6 09 4 06 3 9 03 01 0 19 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 09 7 02 8 7 7 8 7 7 7 09 8 5 8 7 09 09 8 09 7 8 8 6 7 5 5 5 6 03 03 03 03 04 03 04 04 7 6 04 6 5 5 6 09 5 8 3 6 5 04
ET 9 04 3 04 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 00 09 03 3 7 00 01 6 04 04 4 04 00 9 5 7 6 7 01 04 04 04 04 04 03 04 7 9 04 2 01 02 04 09 2 7 01 04 03 9
EIT EIC ICC PA 9 9 5 9 5 4 2 6 6 5 5 9 9 01 6 5 9 9 5 9 9 4 9 9 9 09 7 7 09 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 03 8 04 04 6 01 8 9 01 7 04 9
9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 0
0 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 0
4 34 39 47 25 6 9 25 26 25 25 3 9 9 31 9 9 01 27 28 31 36 4 9 9 5 7 35 27 06 08 8 07 5 06 00 30 36 00 06 01 7 09 02 30 09 30 10 7 6 01
PET EVD ICP ECP CCP PCP HV R 20 20 9 20 9 20 9 9 9 9 9 20 9 9 9 9 9 11 9 29 29 9 20 9 9 20 20 9 9 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 9 9 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 13 9 20 20 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4[18039 4[18063 4[18135 4[18176 4[18304 4[18313 4[18317 4[18341 4[18358 4[18444 4[18466 4[18592 4[18484 4[18364 4[18180 4[18171 4[17894 4[17607 4[17595 4[17491 4[17274 4[16682 4[16695 4[16309 4[16228 4[16226 4[16227 4[16250 4[16288 4[16337 4[16338 4[16338 4[16349 4[16340 4[16342 4[16342 4[16343 4[16350 4[16355 4[16370 4[16386 4[16388 4[16490 4[16496 4[16497 4[16497 4[16498 4[16498 4[16498 4[16498 4[16409
LON 159[3 159[4 159[5 159[6 159[8 150[9 150[9 150[9 150[0 150[3 150[4 150[5 151[2 151[7 152[1 152[1 152[7 153[9 153[0 153[1 153[2 153[6 153[7 153[8 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9
LAT 9[0 9[0 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[1 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2
DJup 9[33920 9[32597 9[31530 9[31924 9[28897 9[28614 9[28553 9[28065 9[27709 9[25434 9[24635 9[23403 9[17556 9[13767 9[10306 9[10177 9[05327 9[03389 9[02390 9[01326 9[00281 9[95364 9[94653 9[92095 9[91107 9[99687 9[99684 9[99536 9[99382 9[99261 9[99260 9[99269 9[99257 9[99255 9[99253 9[99252 9[99251 9[99237 9[99239 9[99206 9[99185 9[99182 9[99180 9[99174 9[99172 9[99172 9[99171 9[99171 9[99171 9[99171 9[99170
ROT SLON 241 172 888 45 293 234 224 37 179 122 162 79 58 044 86 299 04 9 120 218 079 073 212 107 249 51 200 183 170 236 167 151 5 103 038 293 106 184 176 211 066 9 068 62 118 58 127 14 132 030 172
139 087 888 291 191 120 110 188 087 192 086 296 294 173 206 101 173 153 104 117 153 146 113 110 149 204 106 101 198 136 198 198 160 113 290 103 111 101 109 112 157 153 155 206 105 205 102 183 100 296 109
SLAT 43 09 888 16 16 41 37 22 7 −17 1 7 06 −36 −5 12 40 42 −20 32 −45 −44 39 −39 41 11 20 07 7 41 5 −6 42 −32 −34 15 −30 19 02 28 −44 42 −45 02 −21 05 −15 35 −11 −28 8
V 18[7 8[6 08[9 1[2 08[8 13[3 08[9 08[8 15[3 15[3 15[3 03[9 07[2 28[5 01[6 15[3 8[6 8[6 01[6 8[6 08[9 6[1 01[6 18[7 08[9 28[5 27[0 13[3 18[7 3[8 1[0 1[9 1[0 1[0 1[0 1[9 1[9 05[9 18[7 1[4 18[7 28[5 28[5 18[7 8[6 28[5 01[6 00[2 7[2 08[9 1[9
VEF 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 1[0 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 2[6 2[8 0[8 0[8
M
MEF −03
0[7 = 09 0[9 = 09−01 6[1 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−09 6[3 = 09−03 1[7 = 09−03 4[5 = 09−03 0[9 = 09−02 1[8 = 09−03 1[8 = 09−03 1[8 = 09−03 0[8 = 09−02 0[4 = 09−02 0[5 = 09−04 2[9 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−03 4[2 = 09−02 1[2 = 09−02 8[0 = 09−02 2[0 = 09−02 6[5 = 09−03 0[5 = 09−98 0[1 = 09−02 4[0 = 09−04 0[9 = 09−02 0[8 = 09−04 5[7 = 09−04 0[2 = 09−01 5[3 = 09−03 4[9 = 09−01 8[0 = 09−00 1[9 = 09−09 0[6 = 09−09 2[1 = 09−09 1[9 = 09−09 7[0 = 09−09 8[4 = 09−09 1[0 = 09−00 6[8 = 09−03 1[0 = 09−09 4[5 = 09−03 1[9 = 09−03 2[5 = 09−04 0[7 = 09−02 2[2 = 09−02 1[9 = 09−03 1[7 = 09−02 5[6 = 09−01 8[3 = 09−02 2[8 = 09−01 1[6 = 09−09
09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 03[2 5[9 09[4 5[9 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 094[0 019[1 09[4 09[4
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0474 0522 0696 0647 0776 0777 0778 0808 0837 0886 0887 1956 1192 1248 1271 1273 1318 1346 1373 1386 1498 1488 1599 1565 1693 1645 1648 1659 1650 1652 1654 1656 1657 1658 1661 1664 1666 1679 1671 1675 1680 1682 1684 1688 1792 1794 1795 1797 1798 1700 1706
IMP[ DATE CLN AR SEC IA
84!230 06]35 84!230 06]35 84!230 06]36 84!230 06]36 84!230 06]49 84!230 06]49 84!230 06]43 84!230 06]44 84!230 06]46 84!230 06]47 84!230 07]95 84!230 19]23 84!230 19]28 84!230 19]28 84!230 19]28 84!230 19]39 84!230 19]39 84!230 19]39 84!230 19]30 84!230 12]16 84!230 12]29 84!230 12]21 84!230 12]24 84!231 99]00 84!231 02]45 84!231 02]45 84!231 07]03 84!232 96]00 84!232 96]00 84!235 10]17
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
007 112 46 197 065 41 39 81 50 63 060 053 62 23 043 67 77 84 068 26 138 085 111 9 9 9 9 59 142 108
08 7 15 8 19 8 01 00 7 08 04 09 08 7 43 7 7 08 7 7 7 03 47 38 8 8 01 03 09 7
29 19 0 5 0 01 16 6 10 10 10 4 19 9 48 8 9 19 5 5 5 01 59 48 8 02 6 04 13 5
0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 02 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 9
4 5 04 6 2 8 6 7 02 5 01 6 7 6 02 6 6 7 6 6 6 04 4 6 09 03 03 04 6 6
0 3 9 3 04 03 04 03 2 6 04 4 01 9 4 02 9 01 02 03 03 8 4 3 01 04 04 04 3 04
5 00 9 04 04 01 5 01 04 8 9 03 09 9 4 00 9 09 09 09 09 9 3 4 00 9 09 9 8 00
0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9
9 0 9 9 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
10 8 5 01 10 4 03 4 09 30 36 3 28 5 36 3 6 27 7 5 8 31 0 38 06 06 4 30 35 9
9 9 29 9 29 20 9 20 9 9 20 29 9 18 9 17 18 9 17 18 17 29 9 9 14 29 18 20 9 9
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X X X X X X X X X X X
4[16409 4[16409 4[16409 4[16409 4[16401 4[16401 4[16403 4[16403 4[16405 4[16405 4[16410 4[16515 4[16520 4[16520 4[16520 4[16521 4[16521 4[16521 4[16522 4[16709 4[16703 4[16705 4[16708 4[16748 4[17330 4[17330 4[17448 4[17731 4[17731 4[18789
154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[9 154[0 154[0 154[0 154[5
9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2 9[2
9[99170 9[99170 9[99179 9[99179 9[99168 9[99168 9[99165 9[99165 9[99164 9[99163 9[99169 9[99192 9[99191 9[99191 9[99191 9[99190 9[99190 9[99190 9[99190 9[99196 9[99197 9[99198 9[99109 9[99113 9[99570 9[99570 9[99700 9[90051 9[90051 9[91717
173 025 09 047 192 06 23 210 3 235 109 108 236 31 122 239 215 205 087 27 099 063 027 888 888 888 888 5 83 031
109 298 166 182 123 174 290 111 158 134 117 110 136 296 103 128 115 119 128 293 207 161 297 888 888 888 888 160 208 295
00 −26 41 −49 −49 49 31 27 42 40 −35 −28 41 25 −18 38 31 24 −40 28 −7 −44 −26 888 888 888 888 42 −2 −39
18[7 28[5 1[9 18[7 69[9 5[3 18[7 08[9 1[2 13[3 2[7 18[7 8[6 18[7 09[5 18[7 18[7 8[6 18[7 18[7 18[7 1[9 39[8 00[7 8[6 1[0 1[9 1[9 18[7 18[7
0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 6[6 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[5 00[7 0[8 0[5 0[8 0[8 0[8 0[8
8[0 = 09−02 0[3 = 09−03 1[6 = 09−09 6[2 = 09−04 3[7 = 09−05 1[4 = 09−01 1[4 = 09−02 5[6 = 09−03 0[8 = 09−09 3[2 = 09−02 8[4 = 09−00 6[0 = 09−04 5[7 = 09−01 0[7 = 09−03 5[7 = 09−98 0[9 = 09−03 0[7 = 09−03 5[7 = 09−01 5[1 = 09−04 5[1 = 09−04 5[1 = 09−04 2[2 = 09−09 0[8 = 09−09 1[1 = 09−98 3[4 = 09−02 0[2 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−09 4[0 = 09−09 0[0 = 09−02 5[1 = 09−04
09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 0292[8 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4 5[9 4747[2 09[4 5[9 09[4 09[4 09[4 09[4
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1707 1719 1710 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1718 1729 1724 1727 1739 1730 1731 1733 1734 1735 1736 1743 1746 1748 1750 1757 1765 1766 1767 1768 1779 1771
090
091
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Fig[ 5[ Same as Fig[ 4 but for the small particles in the lowest amplitude range "AR0# only[ A power law _t to the data with 1×09−03 C ³ QI ³ 09−02 C is shown as a dashed line "power law index −0[8#[
Fig[ 6[ Channeltron ampli_cation factor A QC:QI as a function of impact charge QI for big particles "AR1ÐAR5# detected between 0882Ð 84[ The solid lines indicate the sensitivity threshold "lower left# and the saturation limit "upper right# of the channeltron[ Squares indicate dust particle impacts and the area of the squares is proportional to the number of events "the scaling of the squares is not the same as in Paper II#[ The dotted horizontal line shows the mean value of the channeltron ampli_cation A 0[3 for ion impact charges 09−01 C ³ QI ³ 09−09 C[
neglect the large number of small particles in the lowest amplitude range in Fig[ 6 because they do not contribute to the determination of the channeltron ampli_cation[ Their neglect better illustrates the number distribution of impacts in the higher amplitude ranges[ Figure 7 displays the masses and velocities of all dust particles detected between 0882Ð84[ As in the earlier per! iod "0889Ð81#\ velocities occur over the entire calibrated range from 1Ð69 km:s and the masses vary over 09 orders of magnitude from 09−5Ð09−05 g[ The mean errors are a factor of 1 for the velocity and a factor of 09 for the mass[ The clustering of the velocity values is due to discrete steps in the rise time measurement but this quantization is much smaller than the velocity uncertainty[ Masses and velocities in the lowest amplitude range "particles indicated by plus signs# should be treated with caution[ These are mostly Jovian stream particles for which we
Fig[ 7[ Masses and impact speeds of all impacts recorded by DDS between 0882Ð84[ The lower and upper solid lines indicate the threshold and saturation limits of the detector\ respectively\ and the vertical lines indicate the calibrated velocity range[ A sample error bar is shown that indicates a factor of 1 error for the velocity and a factor of 09 for the mass determination[ Note that the small particles "plus signs# are probably faster and smaller than implied by this diagram "see text for details#[
have clear indications that their masses and velocities are outside the calibrated range of DDS "Zook et al[\ 0885#[ The particles are probably much faster and smaller than implied by Fig[ 7[ On the other hand\ the mass velocity calibration is valid for the bigger particles[ For many particles in the lowest two amplitude ranges "AR0 and AR1# the velocity had to be computed from the ion charge signal alone which leads to the striping in the lower mass range in Fig[ 7 "most prominent above 09 km:s#[ In the higher amplitude ranges the velocity could normally be calculated from both the target and the ion charge signal which leads to a more continuous dis! tribution in the mass!velocity plane[ Impact velocities below about 2 km:s should be treated with caution because anomalous impacts onto the sensor grids or structures other than the target generally lead to pro! longed rise times and hence to arti_cially low impact velocities[ The sensor orientation "rotation angle# at the time of particle impact is shown in Fig[ 8[ Particles approaching parallel to the ecliptic plane are detected at rotation angles of 89 and 169>[ Contour lines illustrate the detector sensitivity for interstellar particles[ The impact direction of most of the big particles "_lled circles# is compatible with the interstellar direction[ The remaining big particles are compatible with an interplanetary origin[ Baguhl et al[ "0885# showed that in the outer solar system "i[e[\ outside about 1[5 AU from the Sun#\ interstellar particles can be clearly distinguished from particles having inter! planetary origin[ At distances between 0 and 1[5 AU\ however\ interplanetary dust particles on prograde orbits approach from the same direction as interstellar particles and both populations cannot be separated by impact direction arguments[ In contrast to the small stream par!
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
Fig[ 8[ Rotation angles vs time for two di}erent mass ranges "_lled circles] big particles\ AR1 to AR5^ plus signs] small particles\ AR0#[ See Section 1 for an explanation of the rotation angle[ The dust streams show up as vertical bands with plus signs[ For some time periods\ no rotation angle information was available^ these data are not shown[ The contour lines show the sensitive area of DDS for interstellar par! ticles "levels of 0\ 199\ 399\ 599 and 799 cm1 detector area are shown#[ The number of big impacts is depressed during the dust streams because of deadtime caused by the large number of small impacts[
ticles which are outside the calibrated range of DDS\ the calibration is valid for the interplanetary and interstellar particles "cf[ Table 4#[ The small particles "plus signs# cluster at rotation angles between 199Ð239> which is compatible with a Jov! ian origin "Grun et al[\ 0885a#[ The striping of small impacts "plus signs# is due to the occurrence of individual dust streams\ and a comparison with Fig[ 3 shows that the times of the stripes are coincident with the times of high impact rates[ At the end of 0884\ the impact rates were so high over several weeks that the symbols form a black area in Fig[ 8[
092
per day[ Around the time of Galileo|s closest approach to Io on 6 December DDS data were read out every few minutes and recorded to Galileo|s tape recorder "record period\ 04]10Ð07]14 h#[ After Jupiter closest approach "10]43 h#\ data were recorded for another two h "12]11Ð 90]15 h#[ The recorded data from both ~ybys were trans! mitted to Earth a few months later[ Initial results from the Io and Jupiter ~ybys have been published by Grun et al[ "0885b#[ Figure 09 shows the dust impact rate before and around the Io and Jupiter ~ybys[ During Galileo|s approach to Jupiter\ the impact rate increased con! siderably and reached a maximum of about 199 impacts per day on 3 December 0884 "day 227#[ Two days later the sensitivity of the instrument was reduced and the impact rate dropped by about a factor of 09[ After the sensitivity reduction a few small particle were still being detected until closest approach to Io[ At Io closest approach\ small particle impacts ceased[ Big particles were only detected a few days before closest approach to Io when Galileo was within about 14 RJ of Jupiter[ The big particles show a concentration towards the inner Jov! ian system[ Impacts of big particles were seen after Io ~yby until closest approach to Jupiter\ i[e[\ when impacts of small class 2 particles had already terminated[ High impact rates of small particles and increases in the impact rate upon approach towards the inner Jovian System were also seen later during Galileo|s orbital tour about the planet "Grun et al[\ 0886^ 0887#[ Concentrations of big particles between the Galilean satellites have also been found[ For the calculation of the impact rate in Fig[ 09 we have only considered the class 2 impacts because
4[ Io and Jupiter ~ybys On 6 December 0884\ Galileo arrived at Jupiter after its six!year journey through interplanetary space[ Because of the expected increase in the high energy electron ~ux near Jupiter the channeltron high voltage of DDS was reduced and the detection thresholds were increased on 5 December\ 4]39 h "Table 1#[ At that time\ Galileo was at a distance of 04 RJ from Jupiter "Jupiter radius\ RJ 60\381 km#[ The change in the instrument con! _guration led to a reduction in sensitivity by about a factor of six[ On 6 December\ 06]35 h\ Galileo ~ew by Io and at 10]43 h nearest to Jupiter[ At 12]14 h the chan! neltron high voltage was switched o} and at 99]16 h on 7 December\ the orbit insertion maneuver was started which brought Galileo into a bound orbit about Jupiter[ From 0Ð5 December 0884\ MROs occurred about once
Fig[ 09[ Dust impact rate vs time for a period of 01 days around Galileo|s approach towards the inner Jovian system as obtained from the impact accumulators[ The thin solid lines show the impact rate of small particles "AR0# and the heavy solid lines shows that of big par! ticles "AR1 to AR5#[ Because high noise rates in classes 0 and 1 occurred on days 239Ð231\ only class 2 impacts are shown here[ The times of closest approaches to Io and Jupiter are indicated by dashed lines\ and times when the detector sensitivity was reduced are shown as dotted lines[ Note that the peak in the impact rate of big particles on day 228[9 is produced by only one impact[
093
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classes 0 and 1 show evidence for contamination by noise in the inner Jovian system "see below#[ The inclusion of big class 1 events*which seem to be less a}ected by noise*would increase the number of impacts per given time interval "cf[ Table 2# but would not change our conclusions about the cessation of small dust impacts after Io and Jupiter ~ybys "Grun et al[\ 0885b#[ In Fig[ 00\ we show the rotation angle of the class 2 impacts for which the complete information has been transmitted to Earth[ When Galileo was approaching Jupiter\ the impact directions of dust particles were con! centrated between 109Ð249>[ About one day before clos! est approach to Io\ two particles also arrived from the opposite direction[ The striping before day 230 is due to the occurrence of MROs once per day*which allow for a time resolution of 3[2 h*and the fact that the instrument memory of DDS can store only 05 class 2 events[ Note that each vertical band of particles between days 221Ð 239 in Fig[ 00 corresponds to one discrete MRO[ If there are more than 05 impacts between two MROs\ the oldest events are lost[ Before day 230\ 04]19 h many class 2 particles have probably been lost[ Note that the particle on day 228[9 that caused the peak in the impact rate of big particles in Fig[ 09 cannot be shown because its full information has not been transmitted to Earth[ So far we have only considered class 2 impacts around Io and Jupiter ~ybys[ During closest approach to Jupiter in December 0884 and during all later orbits\ high noise rates occurred when Galileo was within about 19 RJ of Jupiter "cf[ Grun et al[\ 0886#[ In Fig[ 01 we show the rotation angle for all impact events in classes 0Ð2 for
Fig[ 00[ Rotation angle vs time for 01 days around Galileo|s approach towards the inner Jovian system[ Only class 2 impacts are shown for which the full information has been transmitted to Earth[ Plus signs indicate small particles "AR0# and _lled circles show big particles "the symbol size denotes the amplitude range of the particle\ AR1 and AR4#[ The times of closest approaches to Io and Jupiter are indicated by dashed lines\ whereas times when the detector sensitivity was reduced are shown as dotted lines[ The striping before day 230\ 04]19 h is due to the occurrence of MROs once per day which allow for only 3[2 h time resolution and the fact that the instrument memory of DDS can store only 05 class 2 events[ Many particles have probably been lost before day 230[
Fig[ 01[ Rotation angle vs time for a period of 01 h around Io closest approach on 6 Dec 0884 "day 230#[ The symbols have the following meaning] {¦|] class 2\ AR0^ {ž|] class 2\ AR1 to AR4^ {|] class 1^ {|] class 0^ the size of the symbols indicates the amplitude ranges of the particles\ with AR0 being the smallest and AR5 being the biggest amplitude range occurring in the diagram[ The times of closest approaches to Io and Jupiter are indicated by dashed lines and the time when the detector sensitivity was reduced is shown as a dotted line[ Events at 19]39 h occurred in a gap when no data have been transmitted to Earth and their impact times have 3[2 h uncertainty[ For the other particles the uncertainty in impact time is usually a few minutes\ except for impacts at 04]19 and 12]19 h which have 69 and 22 min uncertainty\ respectively "see text for details#[
which the complete information is available for a period of half a day around closest approach to Io[ The striping at 04]19 and 19]39 h is again due to discrete instrument readouts and the time resolution is usually 3[2 h[ Because of the switch to record mode which occurred twice on day 230\ the impact time can be determined with a higher accuracy from the internal timer of DDS] particles with impact times between 04]09Ð04]19 h must have impacted the detector between 03]00Ð04]10 h[ Their uncertainty in impact time is only 69 min[ Particles with impact times in the time interval 07]29Ð11]38 h have the full 3[2 h uncertainty\ and those with impact times between 12]09Ð 12]11 h must have been detected between 11]38Ð12]11 h^ thus their timing uncertainty is only 22 min[ The class 0 impact events detected about 2 h before and at Io closest approach itself are spread over the whole range in rotation angles[ At the same time the noise counter for the electron channel\ which counts all thr! eshold exceedings on that channel\ detected a high noise rate in excess of 299 noise events per second[ Further! more\ the class 0 event rate is strongly peaked at Io closest approach "Fig[ 02#[ The event rate at Jupiter closest approach cannot be shown because no high resolution recorded data were obtained for that period[ The spread in rotation angle\ the increased noise in the electron channel and the peak in impact rate indicate that at least some\ if not all\ of these events are due to noise rather than dust particle impacts[ Although DDS can detect dust particles approaching from within 09> of Gal!
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
094
available in electronic form only[ Together with the 247 particles published in Paper II a set of 1772 particles detected during Galileo|s six years| journey to Jupiter is now available[ Our results can be summarized as follows]
Fig[ 02[ Event rate of class 0 events for a period of 49 min around Io closest approach[ The time of closest approach to Io is indicated by a dashed line[
ileo|s positive spin axis at all rotation angles resulting in a 259> spread in a rotation angle plot\ one can hardly imagine a population of dust particles that caused only class 0 events and none in class 2[ If the class 0 events are due to real dust particles approaching from close to the positive spin direction\ one should also see a similar spread in rotation angle for the class 2 particles\ which is not the case[ The smallest class 1 events "AR0# seem to follow a similar behavior as the class 0 events although much less obvious[ Class 1 events also peak at Io closest approach but less strongly which is consistent with class 1 being less contaminated by noise than Class 0[ Similar signatures of noise contamination within about 19 RJ from Jupiter are evident in the DDS data from Galileo|s later orbital tour in the Jovian system "cf[ Grun et al[\ 0886#[ Therefore\ all class 0 and 1 events detected in the Jovian system should be treated with caution[ This applies to 15 class 0 and 19 class 1 events in Table 4 which were detected on days 230Ð232\ and to 49 events in each class if one includes AR0 events and which are published only electronically[ Only class 2 events can be considered good dust impacts at the moment[ A detailed analysis of the noise characteristics of the DDS data from within the Jovian system is forthcoming[
"0# A relatively constant impact rate of interplanetary and interstellar particles of 9[3 impacts per day was detected over the whole three!year time span[ In the outer solar system "outside about 1[5 AU# the big particles are mostly of interstellar origin\ whereas in the inner solar system interplanetary particles domi! nate[ These particles are in the calibrated mass and velocity range of DDS[ "1# No increase in impact rate could be detected during the ~yby at the asteroid Ida con_rming earlier results from the Gaspra ~yby[ "2# Within about 0[6 AU from Jupiter\ intense streams of small dust particles were detected with impact rates of up to 19\999 per day whose impact directions are compatible with a Jovian origin[ There is strong evi! dence that the dust stream particles are orders of magnitude smaller in mass and faster than the instru! ment|s calibration\ whereas the calibration can be safely applied to the bigger interstellar and inter! planetary particles[ "3# Two di}erent populations of dust particles were detected in the Jovian magnetosphere] "a# small stream particles during Galileo|s approach to the planet with impact rates of up to 199 per day 2 days before Io ~yby and "b# bigger particles concentrated closer to Jupiter between the Galilean satellites[ "4# The data from the dust instrument obtained within about 19 RJ from Jupiter "Jupiter radius\ RJ 60\381 km# show evidence for contamination by noise[ The behavior of the impact directions of class 0 and class 1 events di}ers from that of class 2 events[ Class 0 and 1 events from the Jovian system should therefore be treated with caution[ Class 2 events do not show an indication for noise contamination and are con! sidered good dust impacts[ "5# Noise tests performed regularly during the 2!year period did not reveal any change in the instrument noise characteristics[ No degrading of the chan! neltron was revealed[
5[ Summary
Acknowledgements
In this paper\ which is the fourth is a series of Galileo and Ulysses papers\ we present data from the Galileo dust instrument for the period January 0882ÐDecember 0884 when Galileo was traversing interplanetary space between Earth and Jupiter[ The complete information "i[e[\ all impact parameters measured by the dust instru! ment# for 284 big particles detected during this period is given "including 36 class 0 and 1 events around Io and Jupiter ~ybys which are possibly noise events#[ The full data set that contains 1414 small and big particles is
We thank the Galileo project at JPL for e}ective and successful mission operations[ This work has been sup! ported by the Deutsche Agentur fur Raum! fahrtangelegenheiten "DARA#[ References Baguhl\ M[\ Grun\ E[ Linkert\ D[\ Linkert\ G[\ Siddique\ N[\ 0882[ Identi_cation of {small| dust impacts in the Ulysses dust detector data[ Planet[ Space Sci[ 30\ 0974Ð0987[
095
H[ Kru`er et al[ : Planetary and Space Science 36 "0888# 74Ð095
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