Time out for good behavior

Time out for good behavior

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beta – adrenergic receptor and adenylate cyclase in turkey erythrocytes. Biochemistry 17, 3795 Ostrom, R.S. et al. (2000) Stoichiometry and compartmentation in G protein-coupled receptor signaling: implications for therapeutic interventions involving G(s). J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 294, 407– 412 Liu, P. et al. (2002) Multiple functions of caveolin-1. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 41295 – 41298 Razani, B. et al. (2002) Caveolae: from cell biology to animal physiology. Pharmacol. Rev. 54, 431 – 467 Pike, L.J. Lipid rafts: bringing order to chaos. J. Lipid Res. (in press) Houslay, M.D. (2001) PDE4 cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases. Progr. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 69, 249 – 315 Pierce, K.L. et al. (2002) Seven-transmembrane receptors. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3, 639 – 650 Ferguson, S.S. (2001) Evolving concepts in G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis: the role in receptor desensitization and signaling. Pharmacol. Rev. 53, 1 – 24 Kim, Y.M. and Benovic, J.L. (2002) Differential roles of arrestin-2 interaction with clathrin and adaptor protein 2 in G protein-coupled receptor trafficking. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 30760 – 30768 Sorkin, A. and Von Zastrow, M. (2002) Signal transduction and endocytosis: close encounters of many kinds. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3, 600 – 614 Tanowitz, M. and Von Zastrow, M. (2002) Ubiquitination-independent trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors to lysosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 50219 – 50222 Neubig, R.R. and Siderovski, D.P. (2002) Regulators of G-protein signalling as new central nervous system drug targets. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 1, 187 – 197

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20 Soderling, S.H. and Beavo, J.A. (2000) Regulation of cAMP and cGMP signaling: new phosphodiesterases and new functions. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 12, 174 – 179 21 Perry, S.J. et al. (2002) Targeting of cyclic AMP degradation to b2-adrenergic receptors by beta-arrestins. Science 298, 834 – 836 22 Baillie, G.S. et al. (2003) beta -Arrestin-mediated PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase recruitment regulates beta -adrenoceptor switching from Gs to Gi. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100, 940– 945 23 Zaccolo, M. and Pozzan, T. (2002) Discrete microdomains with high concentration of cAMP in stimulated rat neonatal cardiac myocytes. Science 295, 1711 – 1715 24 Kohout, T.A. and Lefkowitz, R.J. (2003) Regulation of G proteincoupled receptor kinases and arrestins during receptor desensitization. Mol. Pharmacol. 63, 9 – 18 25 Dodge, K.L. et al. (2001) mAKAP assembles a protein kinase A/PDE4 phosphodiesterase cAMP signaling module. EMBO J. 20, 1921 – 1930 26 Shih, M. et al. (1999) Dynamic complexes of b2-adrenergic receptors with protein kinases and phosphatases and the role of gravin. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 1588 – 1595 27 Wechsler, J. et al. (2002) Isoforms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE3A in cardiac myocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 38072 – 38078 28 Onuma, H. et al. (2002) Identification of the insulin-regulated interaction of phosphodiesterase 3B with 14-3-3 b protein. Diabetes 51, 3362 – 3367

1043-2760/03/$ - see front matter q 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S1043-2760(03)00029-8

| Book Review

Time out for good behavior Behavioral Endocrinology, Second Edition edited by Jill B. Becker, S. Marc Breedlove, David Crews and Margaret M. McCarthy. MIT Press, 2002. US$45.00 (xxx þ 776 pages) ISBN 0 262 52321 3

Phyllis Callahan Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056-1400, USA

Students with an interest in the mechanisms of behavior will benefit from taking the time to read this book. The notion that hormones influence behavior is certainly not a new one, and Behavioral Endocrinology provides evidence and explanations that will help students understand the mechanisms involved in hormones mediating specific behavioral responses. Although there are many contributors to this edition, there is continuity and flow between the different chapters. One common theme is the evolution of hormones and their effects on behavior. Another common characteristic is that experimental approaches and results are described in every chapter. In most cases, relevant data are clearly presented in graphic or tabular form. Although many of the studies cited were carried out on rats and mice, investigations conducted on humans and other animal species are also presented. As a result, a broad range of species is covered, including a chapter about hormones in invertebrates. Numerous references Corresponding author: P. Callahan ([email protected]). http://tem.trends.com

are provided in every chapter so that the reader gains a historical perspective as well as a relatively current view of our understanding of the field. In addition to an introduction, there are four major sections in this book, covering hormonal effects on reproductive behaviors, regulatory functions, sensorimotor and cognitive function, and reciprocal regulation of hormones and behavior. The section on reproductive behaviors is the most extensive, but there are several chapters in each section and topics are covered in appropriate depth. The contributing authors come from different backgrounds, ranging from the biological sciences to psychology, but clearly all are experts in behavioral endocrinology and neuroscience. The book is suitable for use by students at the mid to upper undergraduate level, or students beginning graduate school. Its style is rather informal and students will find it very readable. One of its major strengths is that students from very diverse backgrounds should be able to understand it, without having expert knowledge in any particular field. Each chapter includes sufficient background on the physiology, neurobiology and endocrinology of the topic without overwhelming the reader.

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There are several other positive aspects of this book. Although there are some micrographs, most of the illustrations in the text are black and white drawings. These are clear and used well in the text. Anatomical illustrations are used as needed to depict the regions of the brain known to be involved in a particular behavior. Actual experimental results are presented and the data are discussed and interpreted. Throughout the chapters, there are notes of special interest, including further elaboration of specific research topics or the application of knowledge; for example the mechanism of action of Viagrae is covered. There is a

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summary of points as well as study questions at the end of every chapter, which students will find particularly helpful. In conclusion, Behavioral Endocrinology is a comprehensive text that provides a broad overview of the neurobiology, physiology and endocrinology of behavior. It will be of great use to students interested in behavioral science, regardless of the animal model that they are studying. 1043-2760/03/$ - see front matter q 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S1043-2760(02)00045-0

Ageing gracefully? Endocrine Facets of Ageing edited by Derek J. Chadwick and Jamie A. Goode. John Wiley & Sons, 2002. US$125.00 (viii þ 290 pages) ISBN 0 471 48636 1

Susanna J. Park Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women’s Health, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA

Endocrine Facets of Ageing summarizes the conclusions of an international symposium hosted by the Novartis Foundation (30 January – 1 February, 2001), the aims of which were to: (1) identify and discuss ‘puzzling’ and ‘unresolved’ issues in the field of endocrinological ageing; (2) convene experts of both endocrine and related nonendocrine areas of ageing; (3) discuss the differences and, perhaps more importantly, the similarities among various neuroendocrine axes; and (4) integrate the effects of ageing on various neuroendocrine axes. In an attempt to describe the multiple and varied aspects of ageing on the endocrine system, the topics covered in this book include the effects of ageing on neuroendocrinology, hypothalamus– pituitary – adrenal axis, male and female hypothalamus – pituitary – gonad axes, growth hormone (GH)/insulin growth factor (IGF)-1, ageing/IGF-1, hypothalamus – pituitary – thyroid axis, glucose homeostasis, bone loss and water homeostasis. Endocrine Facets of Ageing provides a good general overview of each of these different endocrine systems. In a concise manner, each chapter presents a brief explanation of the basic physiology, followed by a summary of pertinent, completed and ongoing studies in ageing. Further in-depth details of relevant studies are presented in the ‘discussion’ section, which follows each chapter. The dialogs in the ‘discussion’ section are interesting because the controversial/unresolved issues in endocrinological Corresponding author: S.J. Park ([email protected]). http://tem.trends.com

ageing are discussed, and some of the various neuroendocrine axes are compared. Overall, the book is well organized and written in a manner that can be easily understood. As a reproductive endocrinologist, I found the two chapters about ageing of the female reproductive axis most interesting. These chapters detail the endocrine alterations that occur during the perimenopause, specifically the interactions among follicle-stimulating hormone, inhibin B and A, estradiol, and progesterone; the luteal phase defect; and ovulation disturbances. These sections provide the reader with a good general summary of the perimenopausal changes. Perhaps future symposia can include discussions of the influence of alterations in the central nervous system, which can occur independently of ovarian changes, on the hypothalamus – pituitary – ovary axis. A limitation of the book is that there is more emphasis on ageing on the male hypothalamus – pituitary –gonad axis than on that of the female. Furthermore, recent evidence has suggested that physiological differences do exist between men and women, such that the results from studies conducted on one gender cannot be assumed to be true in the other. Multiple studies are cited in this book, but the gender of the study participants is not specified and, therefore, it is not clear if the results are applicable to both men and women. It is also worth mentioning the prolonged interval of over a year between the symposium and the time of publication. Given this protracted period, the information presented in the book might no longer be current. The symposium successfully met its first two aims. A very impressive group of experts was convened, many of whom are forerunners in their fields. The gathering of these experts enabled the exchange of ideas and the discussion of concepts that are both well established and