- Email: [email protected]
Topographic brain mapping of emotion-related hemisphere asymmetries
89 TOPOGRAPHIC BRAIN MAPPING OF LATED HEMISPHERE ASYMMETRIES
EMOTION-RE-
W. Wittling and R. Roachmann Lehrstuhl fir Biopsychologie und Klinische Psychologie, Katholische Universitat Eichstatt, D-8078 Eichstatt, F.R.G. The study used topographic brain mapping of visual evoked potentials to investigate emotion-related hemisphere asymmetries. The stimulus material consisted of color photographies of human faces. grouped in two emotion-related categories: normal faces (neutral stimuli) and faces deformed by dermatological diseases (emotional stimuli). The pictures were presented tachistoscopically to 20 adult right-handed subjects. Brain activity was recorded by 30 EEG electrodes with linked earlobes as reference. The waveforms were averaged separately with respect to each of the two stimulus conditions. Statistical analysis by means of significance probability mapping revealed significant differences between stimulus conditions for two periods of time, indicating right hemisphere superiority in emotion-related processing. The results are discussed in terms of a 2-stage-model of emotional processing in the cortical hemispheres.
HEART-BRAIN WAKEFULNESS Christoph University
INTERACTION
DURING
SLEEP
AND
Wiilk and Manfred Velden of Osnabriick. Osnabriick. F.R.G.
In their ‘baroreceptor hypothesis’ the Laceys assume that cardiac activity may inhibit cortical functioning, but the evidence for the type of inhibition they thought of has been seriously criticized. As a revision of this hypothesis we assume that the rhythmic neuronal activity from the baroreceptors can evoke synchronized brain electrical activity by ‘driving’ thalamic neurons into a state of resonance (EEG-alpha activity) which interferes with the transmission of afferent information to the cortex (‘cardiac driving’-theory). Hence synchronisation of brain activity induced by cardiac activity is not only an indicator of an inhibition of the brain, but constitutes the mechanism that modulates cortical functioning. Beyond theoretical perspectives this might open a new field of application for cardiovascular psychophysiology. Since sleep consists of states of highly synchronized brain activity and. as has repeatedly been reported, monotonous sensory stimulation can induce sleep, it might be possible to treat sleeping problems by manipulating cardiac activity. Non pharmacological treatment of sleeplessness is badly needed.
ROLE TIDES
OF THE CARDIO-VASCULAR ON THE WATER HOMEOSTASIS
RELATED
PEP-
Hiroshi Yamashita. Hiroshi Kannan, Kiyotoshi Inenaga and Shigeki Yamamoto Univ. Occup. Environ. Health, Sch. Med. Kitakyushu, Japan
Recently cardio-vascular related peptides: atria1 natriuretic peptide (ANPI, brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) and endothelin (ET) were found in the brain. ANP and BNP have similarity in amino acid sequence. Intracerebroventricular injection of ANP and BNP exert natriuretic, diuretic. antidipsogenic and hypotensive effects and decrease vasopressin release. ET induces contraction of various vascular smooth muscles and produces systemic hypertension. Intracerebroventricular injection of ET exerts change of blood pressure, heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activities. Thus, ANP, BNP and ET may directly have central action. as well as peripheral action and may act as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the CNS. Effects of ANP, BNP, ET and A 11 on neurons of hypothalamic areas such as the supraoptic nucleus and the regions of the anteroventral third ventricle which may be tightly related to the water homeostasis were investigated and compared by using rat brain slice preparations and electrophysiological unit recording.
A FRONTO-CENTRAL CHILDREN UNDER
NEGATIVE WAVE A CHOICE-REACTION
IN AERPs TASK
OF
J. Yordanova, A. Angelov and V. Silyamova Brain Research Institute, Bulg. Acad. of Sci., Sofia, Bulgaria Auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) were registered at F,, C, and P, in 50 normal children aged 6-l 1 years who were presented a series comprising two types of auditory stimuli high probability (H-1200 Hz, P = 0.75) and low probability (L-800 Hz, P = 0.25) tones. Both types of stimuli were targets and required fast and accurate motor reactions with the corresponding hand (left or right). A large negative wave with mean latency 450 ms was found to be present in both L and H AERPs at F, and C,. It was related to stimulus probability being later and higher for the L tone AERPs. The amplitude difference between L and H N450 was greater for younger children, N4SO is interpreted in terms of cognitive development and AERP developmental changes.
SKELETAL MUSCLE PATTERNING DURING VERBAL (NV) COMMUNICATION TASK Larry D. Young Bowman Gray Medical
School.
Winston-Salem,
A NON-
NC. U.S.A
Previous research has reported that patterns of integrated EMG activity discriminated affective reactions to various NV cues. In one of these studies (Englis et al.. 19X2). the results clearly suggest that subjects were not mimicking the facial reaction of the individual they were observing. However. no previous studies have been reported of EMG responses during the task of decoding NV cues.
EMOTION-RE-
W. Wittling and R. Roachmann Lehrstuhl fir Biopsychologie und Klinische Psychologie, Katholische Universitat Eichstatt, D-8078 Eichstatt, F.R.G. The study used topographic brain mapping of visual evoked potentials to investigate emotion-related hemisphere asymmetries. The stimulus material consisted of color photographies of human faces. grouped in two emotion-related categories: normal faces (neutral stimuli) and faces deformed by dermatological diseases (emotional stimuli). The pictures were presented tachistoscopically to 20 adult right-handed subjects. Brain activity was recorded by 30 EEG electrodes with linked earlobes as reference. The waveforms were averaged separately with respect to each of the two stimulus conditions. Statistical analysis by means of significance probability mapping revealed significant differences between stimulus conditions for two periods of time, indicating right hemisphere superiority in emotion-related processing. The results are discussed in terms of a 2-stage-model of emotional processing in the cortical hemispheres.
HEART-BRAIN WAKEFULNESS Christoph University
INTERACTION
DURING
SLEEP
AND
Wiilk and Manfred Velden of Osnabriick. Osnabriick. F.R.G.
In their ‘baroreceptor hypothesis’ the Laceys assume that cardiac activity may inhibit cortical functioning, but the evidence for the type of inhibition they thought of has been seriously criticized. As a revision of this hypothesis we assume that the rhythmic neuronal activity from the baroreceptors can evoke synchronized brain electrical activity by ‘driving’ thalamic neurons into a state of resonance (EEG-alpha activity) which interferes with the transmission of afferent information to the cortex (‘cardiac driving’-theory). Hence synchronisation of brain activity induced by cardiac activity is not only an indicator of an inhibition of the brain, but constitutes the mechanism that modulates cortical functioning. Beyond theoretical perspectives this might open a new field of application for cardiovascular psychophysiology. Since sleep consists of states of highly synchronized brain activity and. as has repeatedly been reported, monotonous sensory stimulation can induce sleep, it might be possible to treat sleeping problems by manipulating cardiac activity. Non pharmacological treatment of sleeplessness is badly needed.
ROLE TIDES
OF THE CARDIO-VASCULAR ON THE WATER HOMEOSTASIS
RELATED
PEP-
Hiroshi Yamashita. Hiroshi Kannan, Kiyotoshi Inenaga and Shigeki Yamamoto Univ. Occup. Environ. Health, Sch. Med. Kitakyushu, Japan
Recently cardio-vascular related peptides: atria1 natriuretic peptide (ANPI, brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) and endothelin (ET) were found in the brain. ANP and BNP have similarity in amino acid sequence. Intracerebroventricular injection of ANP and BNP exert natriuretic, diuretic. antidipsogenic and hypotensive effects and decrease vasopressin release. ET induces contraction of various vascular smooth muscles and produces systemic hypertension. Intracerebroventricular injection of ET exerts change of blood pressure, heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activities. Thus, ANP, BNP and ET may directly have central action. as well as peripheral action and may act as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the CNS. Effects of ANP, BNP, ET and A 11 on neurons of hypothalamic areas such as the supraoptic nucleus and the regions of the anteroventral third ventricle which may be tightly related to the water homeostasis were investigated and compared by using rat brain slice preparations and electrophysiological unit recording.
A FRONTO-CENTRAL CHILDREN UNDER
NEGATIVE WAVE A CHOICE-REACTION
IN AERPs TASK
OF
J. Yordanova, A. Angelov and V. Silyamova Brain Research Institute, Bulg. Acad. of Sci., Sofia, Bulgaria Auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) were registered at F,, C, and P, in 50 normal children aged 6-l 1 years who were presented a series comprising two types of auditory stimuli high probability (H-1200 Hz, P = 0.75) and low probability (L-800 Hz, P = 0.25) tones. Both types of stimuli were targets and required fast and accurate motor reactions with the corresponding hand (left or right). A large negative wave with mean latency 450 ms was found to be present in both L and H AERPs at F, and C,. It was related to stimulus probability being later and higher for the L tone AERPs. The amplitude difference between L and H N450 was greater for younger children, N4SO is interpreted in terms of cognitive development and AERP developmental changes.
SKELETAL MUSCLE PATTERNING DURING VERBAL (NV) COMMUNICATION TASK Larry D. Young Bowman Gray Medical
School.
Winston-Salem,
A NON-
NC. U.S.A
Previous research has reported that patterns of integrated EMG activity discriminated affective reactions to various NV cues. In one of these studies (Englis et al.. 19X2). the results clearly suggest that subjects were not mimicking the facial reaction of the individual they were observing. However. no previous studies have been reported of EMG responses during the task of decoding NV cues.