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Towards the Design of the OTS Ceiling Suspension Unistruts of the XR-646 Medical Equipment
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Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215
2nd International Conference on Sustainable Materials Processing and Manufacturing 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Materials Processing and Manufacturing (SMPM 2019) (SMPM 2019)
Towards the Design of the OTS Ceiling Suspension Unistruts of the Towards the DesignXR-646 of the OTS Ceiling Suspension Unistruts of the Medical Equipment XR-646 Medical Equipment K.B Mcanyana, D.V.V. Kallon*, L.K Tartibu K.B Mcanyana, D.V.V. Kallon*, L.K Tartibu
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg,Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg,Johannesburg, South Africa
Abstract Abstract The Ceiling Suspension Unistruts or Supporting Structure for the XR-646 X-ray Medical Equipment is developed and designed in order to support the Overhead Support (OTS) of thefor XR-646 Medical Equipment. design isis developed developed and based on the The Ceiling Suspension UnistrutsTube or Supporting Structure the XR-646 X-ray Medical This Equipment designed data obtained from the bothOverhead General Electric Healthcare Equipment Specification andThis based on the in order to support Tube Support (OTS)(GEHC) of the XR-646 Medical Equipment. design is fieldwork developedresearch. based onThe the room configuration and General the equipment are derived from Specification GEHC XR-646 Manual.research. The design data obtained from both Electric specifications Healthcare (GEHC) Equipment and Pre-installation based on the fieldwork The layout, material selection, comparison were doneare on derived Autodesk Inventor environment with all the room configuration and theand equipment specifications from GEHCSimulation XR-646 Pre-installation Manual. Thestresses, design deflection and moments thoroughly analyzedwere in order to on select the suitable combination that environment will provide the support layout, material selection, and comparison done Autodesk Inventor Simulation withnecessary all the stresses, for the OTSand of moments the XR-646. deflection thoroughly analyzed in order to select the suitable combination that will provide the necessary support for the OTS of the XR-646. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2019 The Authors. Published by B.V. committee of SMPM 2019. Peer-review under responsibility of Elsevier the organizing © 2019 The Authors. Published by B.V. committee of SMPM 2019. Peer-review under responsibility of Elsevier the organizing Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SMPM 2019. Keywords: XR646; OTS; Ceiling Suspension; GE Healthcare; x-ray
Keywords: XR646; OTS; Ceiling Suspension; GE Healthcare; x-ray
1. Introduction 1. Introduction General Electric Healthcare (GEH) is one of the divisions of global General Electric (GE) Company which focusses on Electric the design, manufacturing, supply, and of servicing reasonably priced medical equipment General Healthcare (GEH) is one ofinstallation the divisions global of General Electric (GE) Company which focusses on the design, manufacturing, supply, installation and servicing of reasonably priced medical equipment 2351-9789 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Mcanyana KB. Peer-review the organizing committee 2351-9789 ©under 2019responsibility The Authors. of Published by Mcanyana KB.of SMPM 2019. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SMPM 2019. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +27 64 755 05 E-mail address: [email protected] * Corresponding author. Tel.: +27 64 755 05
E-mail address: [email protected]
2351-9789 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SMPM 2019. 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.05.028
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB, Kallon DVV, Tartibu LK / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
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and services. The GEHC equipment expertise ranges from medical imaging, information technologies, medical diagnostics, patient monitoring systems, drug discovery, biopharmaceutical and others. Their product and services include Cardiology, Molecular Imaging, Mother and Infant Care, Oncology, Orthopaedics, Perioperative, Vascular, Woman’s Healthcare, among others [3]. One of GEHC’s Digital Radiography System is called the Optima XR-646 which is a digital X-ray equipment that comes with an Overhead Tube Suspension, OTS, which is OTS, the ceiling mounted component of the XR-646 that is designed to assist the doctors and radiographers to perform x-ray examination smoothly, quickly and with ease[3], as in Fig. 1.
Fig 1: Optima XR-646 Equipment Showing Wall Stand, Table & OTS [3].
Radiography is the use of the X-ray equipment to examine the hidden body parts. The x-ray uses electromagnetic radiation which is normally referred to as x-ray rather the light. The image is produced via directing the x-ray beams on the object then the x-ray that penetrates through the object are then captured by a detector which contains photographic film that stores the images taken. The Radiologist will then retrieve the images directly from the detector or online for further examination and procedures [3]. The benefits and advantages of using XR646 X-ray medical equipment including but not limited to the following, Easy and flexibility set-up, simplify examination in a Flash, full speed ahead, flex your efficiency, accommodative of various patient sizes and age and, expert support always on hand [5]. When the customer decides to purchase the XR646 digital x-ray system from GE Healthcare, the standard package include operator console, global G2 tab, system cabinet, bridge, OTS, X-ray tube, collimator, wall stand, URP detector, dongle assembly, and grid holder. This leaves the purchaser with some pre-installation responsibilities like ensuring that installation and procurement of required services and material to make sure the room is ready for the installation of the product. Also, critical to getting the site ready is making sure that the room where this system will be installed has the suitable floor supporting structure, supporting wall structure and most importantly the ceiling supporting structure that will be adequately strong enough to support the XR646 ceiling mounted components like the bridge and OTS [3]. . Nomenclature F A σ ϒ I
force in Newton (N) area in square metres (m²) stress in Pascal (Pa) slenderness ratio second moment of area in (mm⁴)
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
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2. Literature Review 2.1. Review of Existing Ceiling Suspension Systems A ceiling suspension system is a term that normally refers to a secondary ceiling which is suspended below the actual roof or structural ceiling. The early use of a ceiling suspension system started back in 1337 to 1573 where it was mainly used for aesthetic or decoration reasons in Japan. England also developed and used ceiling suspension systems for acoustics reasons as early as 1596 [4]. 2.2. Acoustical Ceiling Type Lately, it has been basic in the development of new structures and in the remodel of old structures to utilize suspended roofs in which acoustical tiles or on the other hand different kinds of roof boards are bolstered by flanged shafts, typically made of steel or aluminum. In most such frameworks the flanged bars are masterminded in a rectangular framework with long parallel bars, called "fundamental sprinters," being joined at appropriate interims by transverse parallel shafts, called "cross-T's." In a few frameworks, the base spine of the metal bars shapes a piece of the noticeable roof surface, while in others the metal bars are not unmistakable after the roof boards are introduced [6].
Fig 2: Acoustic Ceiling Suspension Installation Chart [6].
In acoustical roof frameworks in which fundamental sprinters and cross-T are masterminded into a rectangular matrix, it is essential that the connection of the cross-T to the principle sprinters manage the cost of significant soundness and inflexibility. It is additionally attractive that connection of the cross T's to the principle sprinters be affected with as meager work as would be prudent and ideally without the utilization of tools. It is likewise alluring that the cross-T be promptly removable, although it is essential that coincidental separation of the cross-T's from the fundamental sprinters be prevented [6]. . 2.3. Adjustable Ceiling Suspension System (ASS) ASS comprises of a ceiling grid plus grooves interrupted by recesses the ASS and its components are allowed to move on the grooves freely in order to relocate the equipment. The retainer is suspended within the recess to maintain the suspended equipment into position. The ASS may be erected as a complete package in the workshop then broken-down into parts which can later be assembled during installation. It can also be erected in separate components in order to allow adjustment during installation [1][4].
K.B. Mcanyana et al. Mcanyana KB, Kallon DVV, Tartibu LK/ Procedia / ProcediaManufacturing Manufacturing3500(2019) (2019)207–215 000–000
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Fig 3: Adjustable Ceiling Suspension System [4].
2.4. Fire Retardant Suspension System (FRSS) This development relates to a ceiling suspension framework, also, more especially to a ceiling suspension framework which does not fail even under high-temperature or fire conditions, for example, those happening amid a fire. Ceilings, for example, those suspended in position for enhanced sound and clamor retention, must be of such stability and quality as not to allow fire to enter the room via the ceiling structure in the rooms that they are installed. Recently, the Underwriters research facilities have evaluated roof frameworks as having 60 minutes, two hours, or more, fire retardant attributes. The ceiling frameworks evaluations are dictated by methods for the fire perseverance tests led as per the Standard for Fire Trial of Building Construction and Materials, UL263 (ASTM E119, NFPA 251). This implies a roof framework, both the individual sound engrossing boards or tiles also, the suspension individuals, must stay set up and avert transmission of unnecessary measures of hot gases, fire, and warmth, from achieving the territory over the ceiling for a foreordained timeframe. Regular metal ceiling suspension [1].
Fig 4: Fire Retardant Ceiling Suspension [1]. 3. Experimental Work 3.1. General Siting Requirements The Customer is responsible to ensure all the items listed in the Pre-installation manual which include the following [1]:
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
• • • • • • • • •
211 5
The outsourcing, buying, and installation of all required materials and other services to ensure the equipment room is ready in order to install the Optima XR-646 equipment. The safe and clean site or room environment in order to install the XR-646 equipment. A room that will be suitable for the installation of the XR-646. Adequate supporting structures in the ceiling, walls, and floor necessary for suspending and mounting the XR646 equipment components. Installation of cable management systems that include conduit, wall ducts, and raceways in order to route the power and signal cables. Electrical power and grounding as per General Electric specification. Electrical power requirements of the specified voltage, Emergency safety E-stops, power cables that connect the equipment to the Power Distribution Units (PDU) Supply and installed sized junction boxes, including fittings and covers as per the architect requirement. To follow all other siting requirements as per General Electric Healthcare recommendations or specifications.
4. Development of New Suspension Unistrut 4.1 Development of New Ceiling Suspension Unistruts The following were key design considerations in the development of the new system.
• • • • •
What parameters of the new proposed design of XR646 ceiling suspension unistruts affect the effective support mechanisms of the ceiling suspension components of the XR6464 Viz? Bridge and OTS? What safety requirements will this design need to meet? Will this design be adaptable to different room sizes and architectural layout? Will this design be easy to manufacture and install Will this design be affordable to the Medical Practitioners?
4.1. Model Calculations Calculation using formulae, the force is exerted on the Unistruts along the length I as the bridge moves along the rail. The Unistruts is fixed from end to end. The room walls are assumed to be parallel and 6 meters from each other. The Unistruts length is 6 meters with ±0.003m tolerances. The wall thickness is assumed to be 300 mm thick made of concrete.
Fig 5: End to end fixed 6-metre Unistruts 4.2. Buckling for steel and Aluminum Unistruts/Struts.
,
(1)
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB, Kallon DVV, Tartibu LK / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
212 6
I is second moment of area in mm⁴, and L is specimen length in mm
(2) Is calculated using Southwell method ,
(3)
Then the moment of are is given by (4) Then
(5) Where:
Is the slenderness ratio described? , then ,
can be written as
(6)
where
(7)
Then critical slenderness ratio is given by: (8) For load acting at mid-span of Unistruts. a=3m, b=3m, l=6m Table 1: Specifications of components loading the unistruts Components Mass[kg] 3 metre bridge 63.7 Cable and parts 53 Stationary rail 48 OTS 240 Cable drape support 29.5 Upper OTS Cover 9.5
Number 1 1 2 1 1 1
Total[kg] 63.7 53 96 240 29.5 9.5
5. Model Testing 5.1. Test Matrix Table 2: Specifications of components loading the unistruts Components Mass[kg] 3 meter bridge 63.7 Cable and parts 53 Stationary rail 48 OTS 240 Cable drape support 29.5
Number 1 1 2 1 1
Total[kg] 63.7 53 96 240 29.5
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Upper OTS Cover
9.5
1
213 7
9.5
5.2. Simulations of Model
Fixed Ends
Vertical Column Supports attached to the Roof Concrete Slab
Fig. 6: XR646 Unistruts Ceiling Suspension Model
The simulation result in Fig. 7 were obtained on the Autodesk Inventor Simulation environment using the defined parameters. The Material was selected and defined with the static analysis that confirms the relationship with other members in the structure. The known loads were loaded in the structure and thereafter applied constrains parameters where on where the structure is supported. Mesh Preview properties was selected and finally the simulation test was done in order to obtain the below Mesh View Simulation reports indicating the stress and stress intensity on my unistruts. Table 3 Simulation Reports or result was also derived indicating the stress, strain, deformation and rotation of the tested unistruts model.
214 8
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB, Kallon DVV, Tartibu LK / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
Fig. 7: Unistruts Ceiling Suspension Simulated Model Showing Axial Stress and Displacement Conditions 5.3. Comparison of Calculation and Simulation Results Table 3: Static Result Summary Name
Minimum
Maximum
Displacement
0.000 mm
82.480 mm
Fx
-17203.713 N
20878.671 N
Fy
-3405184.979 N
3415327.775 N
Fz
-3693152.886 N
3693420.839 N
Mx
-323672885.745 N mm
478884660.828 N mm
My
-2158934.340 N mm
2652652.808 N mm
Mz
-260165.547 N mm
248059.310 N mm
Smax
-1056.727 MPa
6564.575 MPa
Smin
-6340.649 MPa
1035.736 MPa
Smax(Mx)
0.000 MPa
6419.257 MPa
Smin(Mx)
-6419.257 MPa
0.000 MPa
Forces
Moments
Normal Stresses
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
Shear Stresses
Torsional Stresses
Smax(My)
0.000 MPa
47.695 MPa
Smin(My)
-47.695 MPa
0.000 MPa
Saxial
-1175.646 MPa
1175.560 MPa
Tx
-30.727 MPa
25.318 MPa
Ty
-5026.272 MPa
5011.345 MPa
T
-3.650 MPa
3.828 MPa
215 9
6. Conclusion In conclusion, the design of the XR646 Suspension Unistruts was successful as the design managed to fulfill all of the initial design requirements which include the room sizes, structure configuration, manufacturing and assembling methods as well as the installation methodology which requires the structure to be assembled and installed onsite with ease. The only concern at this point is that the simulation result which was obtained from Autodesk Inventor Simulation Environment shows a higher maximum deflection value compared to 1.5 mm which is specified in GE Healthcare recommended maximum deflection value. There is discrepancy between the manual calculated deflection value compared to the simulation simulated deflection value which at this point it believed to be caused by the outdated version of the Autodesk Inventor used in obtaining the results. The overall objective of the project was successfully or met most of the design requirements. The final designed unistruts structure can be factory fabricated and shipped to the site for assembly and installation. The unistruts structure can be calibrated, leveled, commissioned and is eligible to certificated by ECSA. The unistruts design can be sold to GE Healthcare and its competitors that are using the same ceiling mounting systems. The problem of the XR646 not being able to be mounted properly has been fixed and the bridge or suspension system will be able to be mounted without posing any risks or hazards to the patient. The challenge of customers hiring subcontractors to fabricate the unistruts is over as the design provides a standard unistruts structure that can just be purchased assembled and installed. The customer is going to get the unistruts on time and they won’t be any breach of contract between General Electric Healthcare and the customer since the unistruts structure will be installed on time.
References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
C.R.F. 1964. Fire retardant ceilcing suspension system. Ceiling suspension systems. Vol 1. 2064. PP 1-5 García, E., Diez, Y., Diaz, O., Lladó, X., Gubern-Mérida, A., Martí, R., Martí, J. and Oliver, A., 2019. Breast MRI and X-ray mammography registration using gradient values. Medical image analysis, 54, pp.76-87. General Electric Company, Inc. , GE Healthcare Optima* XR646 Pre-Installation, Waukesha, WI United 53188 State : GE Medical Systems, 2016. Kuntz W.E. 2000. Ellicott City, Md., “Adjustable Ceiling Suspension System,” United States Patent Kuntz, vol. 1, pp. 1-4, 25-Jul2000. Lundervold, A.S. and Lundervold, A., 2018. An overview of deep learning in medical imaging focusing on MRI. Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik. Znamirowsk H. 1966. Accoustical ceiling syspension fastening system. Ceiling syspension systems. Vol. 1, no 1. 1966. PP 1-6.
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Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215
2nd International Conference on Sustainable Materials Processing and Manufacturing 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Materials Processing and Manufacturing (SMPM 2019) (SMPM 2019)
Towards the Design of the OTS Ceiling Suspension Unistruts of the Towards the DesignXR-646 of the OTS Ceiling Suspension Unistruts of the Medical Equipment XR-646 Medical Equipment K.B Mcanyana, D.V.V. Kallon*, L.K Tartibu K.B Mcanyana, D.V.V. Kallon*, L.K Tartibu
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg,Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg,Johannesburg, South Africa
Abstract Abstract The Ceiling Suspension Unistruts or Supporting Structure for the XR-646 X-ray Medical Equipment is developed and designed in order to support the Overhead Support (OTS) of thefor XR-646 Medical Equipment. design isis developed developed and based on the The Ceiling Suspension UnistrutsTube or Supporting Structure the XR-646 X-ray Medical This Equipment designed data obtained from the bothOverhead General Electric Healthcare Equipment Specification andThis based on the in order to support Tube Support (OTS)(GEHC) of the XR-646 Medical Equipment. design is fieldwork developedresearch. based onThe the room configuration and General the equipment are derived from Specification GEHC XR-646 Manual.research. The design data obtained from both Electric specifications Healthcare (GEHC) Equipment and Pre-installation based on the fieldwork The layout, material selection, comparison were doneare on derived Autodesk Inventor environment with all the room configuration and theand equipment specifications from GEHCSimulation XR-646 Pre-installation Manual. Thestresses, design deflection and moments thoroughly analyzedwere in order to on select the suitable combination that environment will provide the support layout, material selection, and comparison done Autodesk Inventor Simulation withnecessary all the stresses, for the OTSand of moments the XR-646. deflection thoroughly analyzed in order to select the suitable combination that will provide the necessary support for the OTS of the XR-646. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2019 The Authors. Published by B.V. committee of SMPM 2019. Peer-review under responsibility of Elsevier the organizing © 2019 The Authors. Published by B.V. committee of SMPM 2019. Peer-review under responsibility of Elsevier the organizing Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SMPM 2019. Keywords: XR646; OTS; Ceiling Suspension; GE Healthcare; x-ray
Keywords: XR646; OTS; Ceiling Suspension; GE Healthcare; x-ray
1. Introduction 1. Introduction General Electric Healthcare (GEH) is one of the divisions of global General Electric (GE) Company which focusses on Electric the design, manufacturing, supply, and of servicing reasonably priced medical equipment General Healthcare (GEH) is one ofinstallation the divisions global of General Electric (GE) Company which focusses on the design, manufacturing, supply, installation and servicing of reasonably priced medical equipment 2351-9789 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Mcanyana KB. Peer-review the organizing committee 2351-9789 ©under 2019responsibility The Authors. of Published by Mcanyana KB.of SMPM 2019. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SMPM 2019. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +27 64 755 05 E-mail address: [email protected] * Corresponding author. Tel.: +27 64 755 05
E-mail address: [email protected]
2351-9789 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SMPM 2019. 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.05.028
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB, Kallon DVV, Tartibu LK / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
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and services. The GEHC equipment expertise ranges from medical imaging, information technologies, medical diagnostics, patient monitoring systems, drug discovery, biopharmaceutical and others. Their product and services include Cardiology, Molecular Imaging, Mother and Infant Care, Oncology, Orthopaedics, Perioperative, Vascular, Woman’s Healthcare, among others [3]. One of GEHC’s Digital Radiography System is called the Optima XR-646 which is a digital X-ray equipment that comes with an Overhead Tube Suspension, OTS, which is OTS, the ceiling mounted component of the XR-646 that is designed to assist the doctors and radiographers to perform x-ray examination smoothly, quickly and with ease[3], as in Fig. 1.
Fig 1: Optima XR-646 Equipment Showing Wall Stand, Table & OTS [3].
Radiography is the use of the X-ray equipment to examine the hidden body parts. The x-ray uses electromagnetic radiation which is normally referred to as x-ray rather the light. The image is produced via directing the x-ray beams on the object then the x-ray that penetrates through the object are then captured by a detector which contains photographic film that stores the images taken. The Radiologist will then retrieve the images directly from the detector or online for further examination and procedures [3]. The benefits and advantages of using XR646 X-ray medical equipment including but not limited to the following, Easy and flexibility set-up, simplify examination in a Flash, full speed ahead, flex your efficiency, accommodative of various patient sizes and age and, expert support always on hand [5]. When the customer decides to purchase the XR646 digital x-ray system from GE Healthcare, the standard package include operator console, global G2 tab, system cabinet, bridge, OTS, X-ray tube, collimator, wall stand, URP detector, dongle assembly, and grid holder. This leaves the purchaser with some pre-installation responsibilities like ensuring that installation and procurement of required services and material to make sure the room is ready for the installation of the product. Also, critical to getting the site ready is making sure that the room where this system will be installed has the suitable floor supporting structure, supporting wall structure and most importantly the ceiling supporting structure that will be adequately strong enough to support the XR646 ceiling mounted components like the bridge and OTS [3]. . Nomenclature F A σ ϒ I
force in Newton (N) area in square metres (m²) stress in Pascal (Pa) slenderness ratio second moment of area in (mm⁴)
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
209 3
2. Literature Review 2.1. Review of Existing Ceiling Suspension Systems A ceiling suspension system is a term that normally refers to a secondary ceiling which is suspended below the actual roof or structural ceiling. The early use of a ceiling suspension system started back in 1337 to 1573 where it was mainly used for aesthetic or decoration reasons in Japan. England also developed and used ceiling suspension systems for acoustics reasons as early as 1596 [4]. 2.2. Acoustical Ceiling Type Lately, it has been basic in the development of new structures and in the remodel of old structures to utilize suspended roofs in which acoustical tiles or on the other hand different kinds of roof boards are bolstered by flanged shafts, typically made of steel or aluminum. In most such frameworks the flanged bars are masterminded in a rectangular framework with long parallel bars, called "fundamental sprinters," being joined at appropriate interims by transverse parallel shafts, called "cross-T's." In a few frameworks, the base spine of the metal bars shapes a piece of the noticeable roof surface, while in others the metal bars are not unmistakable after the roof boards are introduced [6].
Fig 2: Acoustic Ceiling Suspension Installation Chart [6].
In acoustical roof frameworks in which fundamental sprinters and cross-T are masterminded into a rectangular matrix, it is essential that the connection of the cross-T to the principle sprinters manage the cost of significant soundness and inflexibility. It is additionally attractive that connection of the cross T's to the principle sprinters be affected with as meager work as would be prudent and ideally without the utilization of tools. It is likewise alluring that the cross-T be promptly removable, although it is essential that coincidental separation of the cross-T's from the fundamental sprinters be prevented [6]. . 2.3. Adjustable Ceiling Suspension System (ASS) ASS comprises of a ceiling grid plus grooves interrupted by recesses the ASS and its components are allowed to move on the grooves freely in order to relocate the equipment. The retainer is suspended within the recess to maintain the suspended equipment into position. The ASS may be erected as a complete package in the workshop then broken-down into parts which can later be assembled during installation. It can also be erected in separate components in order to allow adjustment during installation [1][4].
K.B. Mcanyana et al. Mcanyana KB, Kallon DVV, Tartibu LK/ Procedia / ProcediaManufacturing Manufacturing3500(2019) (2019)207–215 000–000
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Fig 3: Adjustable Ceiling Suspension System [4].
2.4. Fire Retardant Suspension System (FRSS) This development relates to a ceiling suspension framework, also, more especially to a ceiling suspension framework which does not fail even under high-temperature or fire conditions, for example, those happening amid a fire. Ceilings, for example, those suspended in position for enhanced sound and clamor retention, must be of such stability and quality as not to allow fire to enter the room via the ceiling structure in the rooms that they are installed. Recently, the Underwriters research facilities have evaluated roof frameworks as having 60 minutes, two hours, or more, fire retardant attributes. The ceiling frameworks evaluations are dictated by methods for the fire perseverance tests led as per the Standard for Fire Trial of Building Construction and Materials, UL263 (ASTM E119, NFPA 251). This implies a roof framework, both the individual sound engrossing boards or tiles also, the suspension individuals, must stay set up and avert transmission of unnecessary measures of hot gases, fire, and warmth, from achieving the territory over the ceiling for a foreordained timeframe. Regular metal ceiling suspension [1].
Fig 4: Fire Retardant Ceiling Suspension [1]. 3. Experimental Work 3.1. General Siting Requirements The Customer is responsible to ensure all the items listed in the Pre-installation manual which include the following [1]:
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
• • • • • • • • •
211 5
The outsourcing, buying, and installation of all required materials and other services to ensure the equipment room is ready in order to install the Optima XR-646 equipment. The safe and clean site or room environment in order to install the XR-646 equipment. A room that will be suitable for the installation of the XR-646. Adequate supporting structures in the ceiling, walls, and floor necessary for suspending and mounting the XR646 equipment components. Installation of cable management systems that include conduit, wall ducts, and raceways in order to route the power and signal cables. Electrical power and grounding as per General Electric specification. Electrical power requirements of the specified voltage, Emergency safety E-stops, power cables that connect the equipment to the Power Distribution Units (PDU) Supply and installed sized junction boxes, including fittings and covers as per the architect requirement. To follow all other siting requirements as per General Electric Healthcare recommendations or specifications.
4. Development of New Suspension Unistrut 4.1 Development of New Ceiling Suspension Unistruts The following were key design considerations in the development of the new system.
• • • • •
What parameters of the new proposed design of XR646 ceiling suspension unistruts affect the effective support mechanisms of the ceiling suspension components of the XR6464 Viz? Bridge and OTS? What safety requirements will this design need to meet? Will this design be adaptable to different room sizes and architectural layout? Will this design be easy to manufacture and install Will this design be affordable to the Medical Practitioners?
4.1. Model Calculations Calculation using formulae, the force is exerted on the Unistruts along the length I as the bridge moves along the rail. The Unistruts is fixed from end to end. The room walls are assumed to be parallel and 6 meters from each other. The Unistruts length is 6 meters with ±0.003m tolerances. The wall thickness is assumed to be 300 mm thick made of concrete.
Fig 5: End to end fixed 6-metre Unistruts 4.2. Buckling for steel and Aluminum Unistruts/Struts.
,
(1)
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB, Kallon DVV, Tartibu LK / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
212 6
I is second moment of area in mm⁴, and L is specimen length in mm
(2) Is calculated using Southwell method ,
(3)
Then the moment of are is given by (4) Then
(5) Where:
Is the slenderness ratio described? , then ,
can be written as
(6)
where
(7)
Then critical slenderness ratio is given by: (8) For load acting at mid-span of Unistruts. a=3m, b=3m, l=6m Table 1: Specifications of components loading the unistruts Components Mass[kg] 3 metre bridge 63.7 Cable and parts 53 Stationary rail 48 OTS 240 Cable drape support 29.5 Upper OTS Cover 9.5
Number 1 1 2 1 1 1
Total[kg] 63.7 53 96 240 29.5 9.5
5. Model Testing 5.1. Test Matrix Table 2: Specifications of components loading the unistruts Components Mass[kg] 3 meter bridge 63.7 Cable and parts 53 Stationary rail 48 OTS 240 Cable drape support 29.5
Number 1 1 2 1 1
Total[kg] 63.7 53 96 240 29.5
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
Upper OTS Cover
9.5
1
213 7
9.5
5.2. Simulations of Model
Fixed Ends
Vertical Column Supports attached to the Roof Concrete Slab
Fig. 6: XR646 Unistruts Ceiling Suspension Model
The simulation result in Fig. 7 were obtained on the Autodesk Inventor Simulation environment using the defined parameters. The Material was selected and defined with the static analysis that confirms the relationship with other members in the structure. The known loads were loaded in the structure and thereafter applied constrains parameters where on where the structure is supported. Mesh Preview properties was selected and finally the simulation test was done in order to obtain the below Mesh View Simulation reports indicating the stress and stress intensity on my unistruts. Table 3 Simulation Reports or result was also derived indicating the stress, strain, deformation and rotation of the tested unistruts model.
214 8
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB, Kallon DVV, Tartibu LK / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
Fig. 7: Unistruts Ceiling Suspension Simulated Model Showing Axial Stress and Displacement Conditions 5.3. Comparison of Calculation and Simulation Results Table 3: Static Result Summary Name
Minimum
Maximum
Displacement
0.000 mm
82.480 mm
Fx
-17203.713 N
20878.671 N
Fy
-3405184.979 N
3415327.775 N
Fz
-3693152.886 N
3693420.839 N
Mx
-323672885.745 N mm
478884660.828 N mm
My
-2158934.340 N mm
2652652.808 N mm
Mz
-260165.547 N mm
248059.310 N mm
Smax
-1056.727 MPa
6564.575 MPa
Smin
-6340.649 MPa
1035.736 MPa
Smax(Mx)
0.000 MPa
6419.257 MPa
Smin(Mx)
-6419.257 MPa
0.000 MPa
Forces
Moments
Normal Stresses
K.B. Mcanyana et al. / Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 207–215 Mcanyana KB / Procedia Manufacturing 00 (2019) 000–000
Shear Stresses
Torsional Stresses
Smax(My)
0.000 MPa
47.695 MPa
Smin(My)
-47.695 MPa
0.000 MPa
Saxial
-1175.646 MPa
1175.560 MPa
Tx
-30.727 MPa
25.318 MPa
Ty
-5026.272 MPa
5011.345 MPa
T
-3.650 MPa
3.828 MPa
215 9
6. Conclusion In conclusion, the design of the XR646 Suspension Unistruts was successful as the design managed to fulfill all of the initial design requirements which include the room sizes, structure configuration, manufacturing and assembling methods as well as the installation methodology which requires the structure to be assembled and installed onsite with ease. The only concern at this point is that the simulation result which was obtained from Autodesk Inventor Simulation Environment shows a higher maximum deflection value compared to 1.5 mm which is specified in GE Healthcare recommended maximum deflection value. There is discrepancy between the manual calculated deflection value compared to the simulation simulated deflection value which at this point it believed to be caused by the outdated version of the Autodesk Inventor used in obtaining the results. The overall objective of the project was successfully or met most of the design requirements. The final designed unistruts structure can be factory fabricated and shipped to the site for assembly and installation. The unistruts structure can be calibrated, leveled, commissioned and is eligible to certificated by ECSA. The unistruts design can be sold to GE Healthcare and its competitors that are using the same ceiling mounting systems. The problem of the XR646 not being able to be mounted properly has been fixed and the bridge or suspension system will be able to be mounted without posing any risks or hazards to the patient. The challenge of customers hiring subcontractors to fabricate the unistruts is over as the design provides a standard unistruts structure that can just be purchased assembled and installed. The customer is going to get the unistruts on time and they won’t be any breach of contract between General Electric Healthcare and the customer since the unistruts structure will be installed on time.
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C.R.F. 1964. Fire retardant ceilcing suspension system. Ceiling suspension systems. Vol 1. 2064. PP 1-5 García, E., Diez, Y., Diaz, O., Lladó, X., Gubern-Mérida, A., Martí, R., Martí, J. and Oliver, A., 2019. Breast MRI and X-ray mammography registration using gradient values. Medical image analysis, 54, pp.76-87. General Electric Company, Inc. , GE Healthcare Optima* XR646 Pre-Installation, Waukesha, WI United 53188 State : GE Medical Systems, 2016. Kuntz W.E. 2000. Ellicott City, Md., “Adjustable Ceiling Suspension System,” United States Patent Kuntz, vol. 1, pp. 1-4, 25-Jul2000. Lundervold, A.S. and Lundervold, A., 2018. An overview of deep learning in medical imaging focusing on MRI. Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik. Znamirowsk H. 1966. Accoustical ceiling syspension fastening system. Ceiling syspension systems. Vol. 1, no 1. 1966. PP 1-6.