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Toxic effects of (doped) rare earth oxides and their constituent metals on algae Raphidocelis subcapitata
S210
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 258S (2016) S62–S324
P12-015 Dermal thiram exposure of workers in rubber industry V. Rakitskii 1,∗ , I. Bereznyak 1 , T. Sheveleva 1 , M. Larkina 1 , A. Tsatsakis 2 1 Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Moscow, Russia 2 University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Dimethyldithiocarbamate thiram is widely used as fungicide and as an accelerator and vulcanizing agent in rubber industry. Prolonged occupational exposure to thiram can have negative health effects. In this study we investigated dermal exposure of the workers involved in rubber production. Materials and methods: Population and sampling: workers handling thiram on the different stages of rubber goods production were monitored. Samples (76) were taken from hands, neck, face, chest, leg wiping with cloth impregnated with 2% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. Samples were taken at different times of the working shift. Determination of thiram levels involves the analysis of CS2 generated after hydrolysis of the compound by GC-ECD (head space extraction). Results: Detectable levels (≥0.015 g/cm2 of the body) were found in 85.5% of the samples. Thiram levels depend on the peculiarities of the work and qualification of the workers and ranged from 0.015 to 0.121 g/cm2 of the body. The acceptable threshold limit value in Russia is 0.434 g/cm2 and thus calculated risk of thiram dermal penetration, calculated as ratio found/acceptable, ranges from 0.03 to 0.28 and is substantially <1. This demonstrates the safety of operations applied in the plant for the health of the workers. However, in one case the high level of 12.33 g/cm2 was found and explained by the disregard of the safety regulations and instructions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1761 P12-016 Toxic effects of (doped) rare earth oxides and their constituent metals on algae Raphidocelis subcapitata E. Joonas 1,∗ , V. Aruoja 1 , K. Olli 2 , A. Kahru 1 1 Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia 2 Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
Rare earth elements (REEs) are increasingly used in diverse applications, including electronics, renewable energy, and medicine, posing an environmental hazard via various waste streams. We studied the potential toxic impact of nine REEcontaining composites and the corresponding soluble metal salts on the algae Raphidocelis subcapitata (OECD 201 test). At 100 mg l−1 , all REE composites significantly inhibited algal growth: La NiO, CeO, LaSrCoO, CePrO and LaSrMnO inhibited algal growth 95–100%, LaFeO 87%, GdCoO 68%, LaCoO 59% and CeGdO 28%. The toxicity of non-lanthanide metals (72 h EC50, mg metal l−1 ) was: Sr (27), Fe (8.6), Mn (4.8), Co, In and Ni (<1). All studied lanthanides (Ce, Gd, La, Nd, Pr) had 72 h EC50 <1 mg l−1 , i.e. proved to be highly inhibitory to algal growth, most probably due to the precipitation of phosphates and carbonates – essential algal medium components – from the medium after binding with lanthanides. The
toxicity of lanthanides was not dependent on their atomic number. All the studied REE salts and composites formed sediments in the test medium, sometimes trapping cells within the agglomerates. Therefore, the toxicity of REE composites was likely related not only to their elemental composition and leaching of constituent metals, but also to particle effects. Consequently, REEs may pose a considerable risk to algae, a very sensitive link in the aquatic ecosystem. Acknowledgement: This research is supported by Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (target-financed theme IUT235 and PUT748). The REE composites were provided by Guttorm Syvertsen-Wiig from CerPoTech, Norway. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1762 P12-017 A study on workers’ health in car parts manufactures companies A. Malekirad 1,∗ , H. Nazem 1 , A. Safarabadi Farahani 1 , K. Rahzani 2 , Z. Kayaalti 3 1
Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 3 Department of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Turkey 2
Workers of steel industries and car factories can have exposure to various metals; especially iron dust that is used in the production of steel. Also, the good records of illness and death due to liver damage, diabetes, heart dysfunction, arthritis and liver cancer have been observed among workers. Therefore, the study on workers’ health in automotive factories and the presentation of practical methods for increasing safety in factories are necessary. In this study 66 workers who have worked in a car parts manufactures company for at least 5 years have been selected. Regarding to results, the red blood cell count, fasting blood glucose and liver enzymes in 75% of workers were higher than standard rates. Also, 25% of them have conduction deafness in both ears and 19% of them have no normal lung capacity. The positive significant relationship between age and average concentration of hemoglobin; negative significant relationship between age and hearing level (p < 0.05) were observed. Also, positive significant relationship between working history and hemoglobin and hematocrit and negative significant relationship between working history and hearing level (p < 0.05) have been determined. No significant relationships were observed between working history and hematological, biochemical parameters, optometry and spirometry (p > 0.05). The results showed some abnormal in biochemical, clinical parameters and liver enzymes in workers exposed to iron dust. Also, some workers had problems in ears and lung. Therefore, safety in the work place and an annual checkup of workers’ health at factories can prevent them from lung disease, cancer and other problems. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1763
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 258S (2016) S62–S324
P12-015 Dermal thiram exposure of workers in rubber industry V. Rakitskii 1,∗ , I. Bereznyak 1 , T. Sheveleva 1 , M. Larkina 1 , A. Tsatsakis 2 1 Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Moscow, Russia 2 University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Dimethyldithiocarbamate thiram is widely used as fungicide and as an accelerator and vulcanizing agent in rubber industry. Prolonged occupational exposure to thiram can have negative health effects. In this study we investigated dermal exposure of the workers involved in rubber production. Materials and methods: Population and sampling: workers handling thiram on the different stages of rubber goods production were monitored. Samples (76) were taken from hands, neck, face, chest, leg wiping with cloth impregnated with 2% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. Samples were taken at different times of the working shift. Determination of thiram levels involves the analysis of CS2 generated after hydrolysis of the compound by GC-ECD (head space extraction). Results: Detectable levels (≥0.015 g/cm2 of the body) were found in 85.5% of the samples. Thiram levels depend on the peculiarities of the work and qualification of the workers and ranged from 0.015 to 0.121 g/cm2 of the body. The acceptable threshold limit value in Russia is 0.434 g/cm2 and thus calculated risk of thiram dermal penetration, calculated as ratio found/acceptable, ranges from 0.03 to 0.28 and is substantially <1. This demonstrates the safety of operations applied in the plant for the health of the workers. However, in one case the high level of 12.33 g/cm2 was found and explained by the disregard of the safety regulations and instructions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1761 P12-016 Toxic effects of (doped) rare earth oxides and their constituent metals on algae Raphidocelis subcapitata E. Joonas 1,∗ , V. Aruoja 1 , K. Olli 2 , A. Kahru 1 1 Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia 2 Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
Rare earth elements (REEs) are increasingly used in diverse applications, including electronics, renewable energy, and medicine, posing an environmental hazard via various waste streams. We studied the potential toxic impact of nine REEcontaining composites and the corresponding soluble metal salts on the algae Raphidocelis subcapitata (OECD 201 test). At 100 mg l−1 , all REE composites significantly inhibited algal growth: La NiO, CeO, LaSrCoO, CePrO and LaSrMnO inhibited algal growth 95–100%, LaFeO 87%, GdCoO 68%, LaCoO 59% and CeGdO 28%. The toxicity of non-lanthanide metals (72 h EC50, mg metal l−1 ) was: Sr (27), Fe (8.6), Mn (4.8), Co, In and Ni (<1). All studied lanthanides (Ce, Gd, La, Nd, Pr) had 72 h EC50 <1 mg l−1 , i.e. proved to be highly inhibitory to algal growth, most probably due to the precipitation of phosphates and carbonates – essential algal medium components – from the medium after binding with lanthanides. The
toxicity of lanthanides was not dependent on their atomic number. All the studied REE salts and composites formed sediments in the test medium, sometimes trapping cells within the agglomerates. Therefore, the toxicity of REE composites was likely related not only to their elemental composition and leaching of constituent metals, but also to particle effects. Consequently, REEs may pose a considerable risk to algae, a very sensitive link in the aquatic ecosystem. Acknowledgement: This research is supported by Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (target-financed theme IUT235 and PUT748). The REE composites were provided by Guttorm Syvertsen-Wiig from CerPoTech, Norway. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1762 P12-017 A study on workers’ health in car parts manufactures companies A. Malekirad 1,∗ , H. Nazem 1 , A. Safarabadi Farahani 1 , K. Rahzani 2 , Z. Kayaalti 3 1
Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 3 Department of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Turkey 2
Workers of steel industries and car factories can have exposure to various metals; especially iron dust that is used in the production of steel. Also, the good records of illness and death due to liver damage, diabetes, heart dysfunction, arthritis and liver cancer have been observed among workers. Therefore, the study on workers’ health in automotive factories and the presentation of practical methods for increasing safety in factories are necessary. In this study 66 workers who have worked in a car parts manufactures company for at least 5 years have been selected. Regarding to results, the red blood cell count, fasting blood glucose and liver enzymes in 75% of workers were higher than standard rates. Also, 25% of them have conduction deafness in both ears and 19% of them have no normal lung capacity. The positive significant relationship between age and average concentration of hemoglobin; negative significant relationship between age and hearing level (p < 0.05) were observed. Also, positive significant relationship between working history and hemoglobin and hematocrit and negative significant relationship between working history and hearing level (p < 0.05) have been determined. No significant relationships were observed between working history and hematological, biochemical parameters, optometry and spirometry (p > 0.05). The results showed some abnormal in biochemical, clinical parameters and liver enzymes in workers exposed to iron dust. Also, some workers had problems in ears and lung. Therefore, safety in the work place and an annual checkup of workers’ health at factories can prevent them from lung disease, cancer and other problems. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1763