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Trace metal concentrations in marine prawns off the Malaysian coast
Pergamon
Marine Pollution Bulletin, Voi. 31, Nos 1-3, pp. 108-110, 1995 Copyright O 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved 0025-326X/95 $9.50+ 0.00
0025-326X(95)00080-1
Trace Metal Concentrations in Marine Prawns off the Malaysian Coast AHMAD ISMAIL, NOOR RAZI JUSOH and IDRIS A. GHANI
Department of Biology, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
A preliminary survey of the presence of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn In I0 species of marine prawns was conducted in 1992 and 1993 along the coastal areas of Mersing, Johore; Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu; Melaka; and Kuala Sepetang, Perak. In general, it was found that the levels of trace metals in most of the samples studied were below the maximum permissible limit of the Food Regulations in Malaysia, with the exception of a few samples collected from the coasts of Melaka and Matang, which contained higher levels of Pb and Cd. These data provide a useful baseline for future reference.
100°
~
A
10'1°
. . . . ._~, _%-,.-.
c--~-'\P..~s"". \ ~
10'2°
\
_
r,EDatt ( ~
Many studies on trace metals in the marine environmerit have been carried out in Malaysia (Babji et al., 1978; Liong, 1986; Law & Singh, 1991; Din, 1992; Ismail et aL, 1993; Ismail, 1993). However, only a few of these concern marine prawns (Liong, 1986; Awaluddin et al., 1992; Patimah & Dalnal, 1993). Most of the latter studies focused on trace metals in cultured tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon). Tiger prawns are very popular as a local seafood, and are cultured along coastal regions, especially in reclaimed mangrove areas. Only Liong (1986) studied the level of trace metals in wild marine prawns. His study was limited to three
.
%
~-~ ~'
.
103°
PERAK
\
: ':
.
-I ~KuaIa
~NGGANU
-°',7
,o
:i~'..:
o
N ~ N _.._.'"].....-
-
\~t.~ /
g©linl
"
~
Fig. 1 Map of peninsular Malaysia showing the sampling locations.
108
6°.
~,~ooR'~J~
.........
|
( ........ . . . . . . . . . . . : .
'
%
.-..
--V--
%
\
ANTAN f
~)
104°
Mersing
\
Volume 31/Numbers 1-3
species--Penaeus merguiensis, Parapenaeopsis sculptilis firstly, because of their local consumption and secondly, and Metapenaeus brevicornis--collected from the north- as these species are possible bioindicators of trace metal ern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Wild marine prawns are seasonal, and constitute an important catch for fishermen. Data on trace metals in prawns are needed
Me~apenaeus
pollution. This study was carried out to establish the trace metal concentrations in prawns collected from the east and west coasts of Peninsular Malaysia.
ensis
Metapenaeus
brevicornis
I
i
:i
A station
B
A B station
Metapenaeus •.
affinis
C
D
Merapenaeus
lysianassa
................ i l
A station
C
B station
D
Parapenaeopsis
D
Parapenaeopsis
sculptilis
i
hardwickii
J o~ zl
station
C station
A
Parapenaeopsis
coromandelica
E
Parapenaeopsis
uncata
i
%
station
D
station
Penaeus
monodon
D
Penaeus
merguiensis
1
7
'7,
01
A station
C
D
D
station
Fig. 2 Trace metal concentrations in marine prawns from peninsular Malaysia. A, Kuala Sepetang;B, TanjungKeling; C, Melaka; D, Mersing; E, KualaTerengganu.
109
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Methods T h e areas c h o s e n were Kuala Sepetang, M e l a k a and Tanjung Keling o n the west coast, and Mersing and Kuala Terengganu o n the east coast (Fig. 1). T h e s e areas are r e p o r t e d to be the m a j o r locations where marine prawns are commercially fished in Peninsular Malaysia. P r a w n samples were collected f r o m the sampling sites by b e a m trawling. T h e samples were sorted by species and size. T h e samples were then b r o u g h t to the laboratory where they were washed, pressed to extract excess water and digested in a mixture of c o n c e n t r a t e d nitric and perchloric acids as prescribed by J o h n s o n et al. (1978) and A n d r e w et al. (1989). T h e digests were then m a d e up to v o l u m e with double-distilled water and analysed for trace metal content by flame A A S (model G B C 90). To avoid possible contamination, all glassware and other e q u i p m e n t was acid-washed and rinsed with d o u b l e distilled water before use. T h e a c c u r a c y of this m e t h o d has b e e n d e t e r m i n e d by spiking samples with k n o w n a m o u n t s of metals. Recoveries o f 9 0 - 1 0 0 % were obtained. All data are presented as ~tg g-J fresh wt.
Results and Discussion Ten species of marine prawns were collected f r o m the sampling sites. T h e s e were M e t a p e n a e u s ensis, M. affinis, M. brevicornis, M. lysianassa, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, P. sculptilis, P. coromandel&a, P. uncata,
Penaeus m o n o d o n , and P. merguiensis. T h e trace metal values in these 10 species of marine prawns are shown in Fig. 2. In general, m o s t of the samples studied contained low metal concentrations, except for a few samples which were collected f r o m Kuala Sepetang and M e l a k a on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. T h e high levels of certain metals in samples from Kuala Sepetang and M e l a k a may be related to elevated concentrations of metals in local sediments (see Table 1 and Ismail et al., 1993). H o w e v e r in this study, there was no clear evidence on the relationship of heavy metals in sediments and prawns. Studies on trace metals in bivalves and crustacea in coastal areas of Selangor, Malaysia and Pattani Gulf in Thailand by Everaats & Swennen (1987) also s h o w e d no consistent correlation between the metal concentrations in sediments and those in organisms. N o previous data are available on trace metals in marine prawns f r o m this region for comparison. H o w e v e r , the results for P. m o n o d o n show that the levels of trace metals in the present samples were lower than those reported by Awaluddin et al. (1992) and Patimah & Dainal (1993) for cultured P. m o n o d o n (Table 2). This study also showed that the accumulation of the metals Pb, Zn, C u and C d in different sizes of P. hardwickii ( 6 - 1 2 cm) did not vary significantly. This preliminary study shows that Pb, Zn, C u and C d concentrations in marine prawns f r o m the Malaysian coast are generally low. Such data provide a useful baseline against which to measure any future changes in local pollution.
TABLE 1
Trace metal concentrations in seawater (~tg1-1) and sediments (~tg g-I dry wt) from sampling locations. Locations
Cd
Cu
Pb
Zn
Mersing Seawater 0tg 1-1) Sediment (Ixgg-l)
0.93 0.38
0.07 7.61
0.34 27.52
0.05 38.97
Kuala Terengganu Seawater (Ixg1-1) Sediment (~tgg-t)
0.05 0.28
0.06 1.79
0.25 6.16
0.05 13.86
Melaka Seawater 0tg 1-1) Sediment (Ixgg-l)
0.06 0.54
0.08 8.17
0.32 18.46
0.09 42.43
Tanjung Keling Seawater (~tg1-1) Sediment (Ixgg-l)
0.06 0.27
0.07 3.81
0.25 15.38
0.05 17.05
Kuala Sepetang Seawater (Ixg1-z) Sediment 0xg g-1)
0.05 0.35
0.05 4.91
0.20 26.14
0.05 33.91
TABLE 2
Trace metal concentrations in the mussel tissues of Penaeus monodon from Malaysia (gg g-1 dry wt, except as shown). Reference Awaluddin et al. (1992) Patimah & Dalnal (1993) This study (wet wt)
110
Cd
Cu
Pb
Zn
1.6-6.1
12.8-159
4.6-32
-
0.21-49
32-99
1.68-54
68-186
0.09-0.8
0.8-24
0.06-5.9
5-16
Andrew, S. M., Johnson, M. S. & Cooke, J. A. (1989). Distribution of trace element pollutants in a contaminated grassland ecosystem established on metalliferous fluospar tailing. 2. Zinc. Environ. Pollur 59, 241-252. Awaluddin, A., Mokhtar, M. & Sharif, S. (1992). Accumulation of heavy metals in tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon). Sains Malaysiana 21(5), 103-120. Babji, A. S., Embong, M. S. & Woon, M. W. (1978). Heavy metals content in coastal water fishes of West Malaysia. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 23, 830-836. Din, Z. (1992). Use of aluminium to normalize heavy metals data from estuarine and coastal sediments of Straits of Melaka. Mar. Pollur Bull. 24, 484-491. Everaats, J. M. & Swennen, C. (1987). Heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in some benthic invertebrate species and in sediment from three coastal areas in Thailand and Malaysia. J. Sci. Soc. Thailand 13, 189-203. Ismail, A. (1993). Heavy metal concentrations in sediment off Bintulu, Malaysia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 26,706-707. Ismail, A., Badri, M. A. & Ramlan, M. N. (1993). The background levels of heavy metals concentration in sediments of west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Sci. Total. Environ. 134, 315-323. Johnson, M. S., Roberts, R: D., Hutton, M. & lnskip, M. J. (1978). Distribution of lead, zinc, and cadmium in small mammals from polluted environments. Oikos 30, 153-159. Law, A. T. & Singh, A. (1991). Relationship between heavy metal content and body weight of fish from Kelang Estuary, Malaysia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 22, 86-89. Liong, E C. (1986). Heavy metal in shellfish from the northern part of Malacca Straits. Proceedings of the International Conference on Development and Management of Tropical Living Aquatic Resources, Serdang, Selangor, 2-5 August 1983, pp. 225-229. Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang. Patimah, I. & Dainal, A. T. (1993). Accumulation of heavy metals in Penaeus monodon in Malaysia. International Conference on Fisheries and The Environment: Beyond 2000. 6-9 December 1993 Univ. Pertanian Malaysia Serdang, p. 58 (abstract). Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, Voi. 31, Nos 1-3, pp. 108-110, 1995 Copyright O 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved 0025-326X/95 $9.50+ 0.00
0025-326X(95)00080-1
Trace Metal Concentrations in Marine Prawns off the Malaysian Coast AHMAD ISMAIL, NOOR RAZI JUSOH and IDRIS A. GHANI
Department of Biology, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
A preliminary survey of the presence of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn In I0 species of marine prawns was conducted in 1992 and 1993 along the coastal areas of Mersing, Johore; Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu; Melaka; and Kuala Sepetang, Perak. In general, it was found that the levels of trace metals in most of the samples studied were below the maximum permissible limit of the Food Regulations in Malaysia, with the exception of a few samples collected from the coasts of Melaka and Matang, which contained higher levels of Pb and Cd. These data provide a useful baseline for future reference.
100°
~
A
10'1°
. . . . ._~, _%-,.-.
c--~-'\P..~s"". \ ~
10'2°
\
_
r,EDatt ( ~
Many studies on trace metals in the marine environmerit have been carried out in Malaysia (Babji et al., 1978; Liong, 1986; Law & Singh, 1991; Din, 1992; Ismail et aL, 1993; Ismail, 1993). However, only a few of these concern marine prawns (Liong, 1986; Awaluddin et al., 1992; Patimah & Dalnal, 1993). Most of the latter studies focused on trace metals in cultured tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon). Tiger prawns are very popular as a local seafood, and are cultured along coastal regions, especially in reclaimed mangrove areas. Only Liong (1986) studied the level of trace metals in wild marine prawns. His study was limited to three
.
%
~-~ ~'
.
103°
PERAK
\
: ':
.
-I ~KuaIa
~NGGANU
-°',7
,o
:i~'..:
o
N ~ N _.._.'"].....-
-
\~t.~ /
g©linl
"
~
Fig. 1 Map of peninsular Malaysia showing the sampling locations.
108
6°.
~,~ooR'~J~
.........
|
( ........ . . . . . . . . . . . : .
'
%
.-..
--V--
%
\
ANTAN f
~)
104°
Mersing
\
Volume 31/Numbers 1-3
species--Penaeus merguiensis, Parapenaeopsis sculptilis firstly, because of their local consumption and secondly, and Metapenaeus brevicornis--collected from the north- as these species are possible bioindicators of trace metal ern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Wild marine prawns are seasonal, and constitute an important catch for fishermen. Data on trace metals in prawns are needed
Me~apenaeus
pollution. This study was carried out to establish the trace metal concentrations in prawns collected from the east and west coasts of Peninsular Malaysia.
ensis
Metapenaeus
brevicornis
I
i
:i
A station
B
A B station
Metapenaeus •.
affinis
C
D
Merapenaeus
lysianassa
................ i l
A station
C
B station
D
Parapenaeopsis
D
Parapenaeopsis
sculptilis
i
hardwickii
J o~ zl
station
C station
A
Parapenaeopsis
coromandelica
E
Parapenaeopsis
uncata
i
%
station
D
station
Penaeus
monodon
D
Penaeus
merguiensis
1
7
'7,
01
A station
C
D
D
station
Fig. 2 Trace metal concentrations in marine prawns from peninsular Malaysia. A, Kuala Sepetang;B, TanjungKeling; C, Melaka; D, Mersing; E, KualaTerengganu.
109
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Methods T h e areas c h o s e n were Kuala Sepetang, M e l a k a and Tanjung Keling o n the west coast, and Mersing and Kuala Terengganu o n the east coast (Fig. 1). T h e s e areas are r e p o r t e d to be the m a j o r locations where marine prawns are commercially fished in Peninsular Malaysia. P r a w n samples were collected f r o m the sampling sites by b e a m trawling. T h e samples were sorted by species and size. T h e samples were then b r o u g h t to the laboratory where they were washed, pressed to extract excess water and digested in a mixture of c o n c e n t r a t e d nitric and perchloric acids as prescribed by J o h n s o n et al. (1978) and A n d r e w et al. (1989). T h e digests were then m a d e up to v o l u m e with double-distilled water and analysed for trace metal content by flame A A S (model G B C 90). To avoid possible contamination, all glassware and other e q u i p m e n t was acid-washed and rinsed with d o u b l e distilled water before use. T h e a c c u r a c y of this m e t h o d has b e e n d e t e r m i n e d by spiking samples with k n o w n a m o u n t s of metals. Recoveries o f 9 0 - 1 0 0 % were obtained. All data are presented as ~tg g-J fresh wt.
Results and Discussion Ten species of marine prawns were collected f r o m the sampling sites. T h e s e were M e t a p e n a e u s ensis, M. affinis, M. brevicornis, M. lysianassa, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, P. sculptilis, P. coromandel&a, P. uncata,
Penaeus m o n o d o n , and P. merguiensis. T h e trace metal values in these 10 species of marine prawns are shown in Fig. 2. In general, m o s t of the samples studied contained low metal concentrations, except for a few samples which were collected f r o m Kuala Sepetang and M e l a k a on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. T h e high levels of certain metals in samples from Kuala Sepetang and M e l a k a may be related to elevated concentrations of metals in local sediments (see Table 1 and Ismail et al., 1993). H o w e v e r in this study, there was no clear evidence on the relationship of heavy metals in sediments and prawns. Studies on trace metals in bivalves and crustacea in coastal areas of Selangor, Malaysia and Pattani Gulf in Thailand by Everaats & Swennen (1987) also s h o w e d no consistent correlation between the metal concentrations in sediments and those in organisms. N o previous data are available on trace metals in marine prawns f r o m this region for comparison. H o w e v e r , the results for P. m o n o d o n show that the levels of trace metals in the present samples were lower than those reported by Awaluddin et al. (1992) and Patimah & Dainal (1993) for cultured P. m o n o d o n (Table 2). This study also showed that the accumulation of the metals Pb, Zn, C u and C d in different sizes of P. hardwickii ( 6 - 1 2 cm) did not vary significantly. This preliminary study shows that Pb, Zn, C u and C d concentrations in marine prawns f r o m the Malaysian coast are generally low. Such data provide a useful baseline against which to measure any future changes in local pollution.
TABLE 1
Trace metal concentrations in seawater (~tg1-1) and sediments (~tg g-I dry wt) from sampling locations. Locations
Cd
Cu
Pb
Zn
Mersing Seawater 0tg 1-1) Sediment (Ixgg-l)
0.93 0.38
0.07 7.61
0.34 27.52
0.05 38.97
Kuala Terengganu Seawater (Ixg1-1) Sediment (~tgg-t)
0.05 0.28
0.06 1.79
0.25 6.16
0.05 13.86
Melaka Seawater 0tg 1-1) Sediment (Ixgg-l)
0.06 0.54
0.08 8.17
0.32 18.46
0.09 42.43
Tanjung Keling Seawater (~tg1-1) Sediment (Ixgg-l)
0.06 0.27
0.07 3.81
0.25 15.38
0.05 17.05
Kuala Sepetang Seawater (Ixg1-z) Sediment 0xg g-1)
0.05 0.35
0.05 4.91
0.20 26.14
0.05 33.91
TABLE 2
Trace metal concentrations in the mussel tissues of Penaeus monodon from Malaysia (gg g-1 dry wt, except as shown). Reference Awaluddin et al. (1992) Patimah & Dalnal (1993) This study (wet wt)
110
Cd
Cu
Pb
Zn
1.6-6.1
12.8-159
4.6-32
-
0.21-49
32-99
1.68-54
68-186
0.09-0.8
0.8-24
0.06-5.9
5-16
Andrew, S. M., Johnson, M. S. & Cooke, J. A. (1989). Distribution of trace element pollutants in a contaminated grassland ecosystem established on metalliferous fluospar tailing. 2. Zinc. Environ. Pollur 59, 241-252. Awaluddin, A., Mokhtar, M. & Sharif, S. (1992). Accumulation of heavy metals in tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon). Sains Malaysiana 21(5), 103-120. Babji, A. S., Embong, M. S. & Woon, M. W. (1978). Heavy metals content in coastal water fishes of West Malaysia. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 23, 830-836. Din, Z. (1992). Use of aluminium to normalize heavy metals data from estuarine and coastal sediments of Straits of Melaka. Mar. Pollur Bull. 24, 484-491. Everaats, J. M. & Swennen, C. (1987). Heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in some benthic invertebrate species and in sediment from three coastal areas in Thailand and Malaysia. J. Sci. Soc. Thailand 13, 189-203. Ismail, A. (1993). Heavy metal concentrations in sediment off Bintulu, Malaysia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 26,706-707. Ismail, A., Badri, M. A. & Ramlan, M. N. (1993). The background levels of heavy metals concentration in sediments of west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Sci. Total. Environ. 134, 315-323. Johnson, M. S., Roberts, R: D., Hutton, M. & lnskip, M. J. (1978). Distribution of lead, zinc, and cadmium in small mammals from polluted environments. Oikos 30, 153-159. Law, A. T. & Singh, A. (1991). Relationship between heavy metal content and body weight of fish from Kelang Estuary, Malaysia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 22, 86-89. Liong, E C. (1986). Heavy metal in shellfish from the northern part of Malacca Straits. Proceedings of the International Conference on Development and Management of Tropical Living Aquatic Resources, Serdang, Selangor, 2-5 August 1983, pp. 225-229. Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang. Patimah, I. & Dainal, A. T. (1993). Accumulation of heavy metals in Penaeus monodon in Malaysia. International Conference on Fisheries and The Environment: Beyond 2000. 6-9 December 1993 Univ. Pertanian Malaysia Serdang, p. 58 (abstract). Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang.