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Transabdominal ultrasound in the evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia
ABSTRACTS,
ULTRASONIC
IMAGING
AND TISSUE
CHARACTERIZATION
SYMPOSIUM
suspected. Gingival biopsy (B), obtained only in 15 PT, was positive in 9 PT, weakly The 11 positive PT account for a 6.5 of a total positive in 2 PT, negative in 4 PT. of 169 cardiomyopathies examined, according to data in the literature (5-10 percent). B was suggested on the only basis of the above reported criteria, independently from Data of the groups of positive PT by B; of negative PT; of PT in M-mode measurements. whom B was not done and of 25 normal controls compared by analysis of variance (Fisher test for Fc0.5) showed no statistically-significant difference in the right ventricle (F=1.1030), left ventricle systolic (Fz0.2935) and diastolic (F=08054) dimensions, and fractional LV shortening (F=04004). A statistically-significant difference was found in the left atrium dimension (F=6.3172), posterior LV(Fz12.3377) and the interventricular (F=12.8027) wall thickness. In conclusion, changes in myocardial echogeniare city detected by TDE appear correlated to a positive test for AM. These changes possibly related to the presence of heart AM. TRANSABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND IN THE EVALUATION OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA, Monzer M. Abu-Yousef, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242. As a noninvasive procedure that utilizes basic ultrasound equipment, transabdominal ultrasound was used to evaluate 84 patients with BPH. Forty-seven of them has transurethral resection of their prostates. Transverse and either suprapubic or longitudinal scans were obtained using 30-40° caudad angulation. A 3.5 MHz or, when a 2.25 MHz tranducer was used. No preparation was necessary except injesnecessary, tion of 500 cc of fluids, one hour before the examination. The whole prostate was satisfactorily imaged in the majority of these patients. The shape of the prostrate varied from oval in most cases to rounded or triangular in The surgical capsule appeared as a slightly echogenic circular structure surothers. Prostatic calcifications were occarounding a homogeneous less echogenic adenoma. The hyperplastic sionally seen as small bright echoes with or without shadowing. periurethral glands showed as regular collection of bright echoes posteriorly. In a the seminal vesicles were seen. smaller percentage of patients, The maximum transverse, longitudinal and cephalo-caudad diameters of the prostatic adenoma were measured and the size of the prostate is calculated as follows: Since the specific gravity S = 4/3 n rrrsrs (where S = size, r = radius of prostate). about 1.05, the weight, w = 1.05 x 4/3 n rirprg = 0.55 didsds of prostate is In the vast majority of these patients, the difference between (where d = diameter). the estimated weight and the weight of the specimen was insignificant. SESSION
6:
SCATTERING
ULTRASONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TISSUE STRUCTURE IN HUMAN LIVER AND SPLEEN IN VIVO -3 L. L. Fellingham, R. A. Stern, A. Gamboa-Aldeco, H. Solomon, and F. G. Sommer, Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. A salient feature of diffuse disease processes of the liver and spleen is disruption of the normal tissue architecture. Infiltration of normal liver by fibrous tissue, as in cirrhosis, or splenic enlargement, due to spreading of the supporting structure of the collagenous splenic trabeculae by an increased amount of cellular components, is acoustically manifested as a change in the separation of the scattering elements. Preliminary results using a technique for estimating these scatterer spacings from the frequency spectra of samples of the~backscattered echoes from tissue have previously been reported [1,2]. This paper reports the results of this analysis applied to digitized ultrasonic waveforms from normal and cirrhotic human liver tissues and normal and pathologic spleen tissues which have been obtained using a high-speed data acquisition system interfaced to a commercially-available real-time scanner which has been specially modified to provide the rf signals originating from a region of interest selected from the scanner image. Data was acquired from studies of patients and normal volunteers at weekly intervals, from pathological specimens of liver and spleen, and from phantoms constructed with a regular structure embedded in a scattering medium. The variation of the estimated scatterer spacing for different samples was investigated and compared with histological studies of the tissue specimens and the known structure of the phantoms. Limitations and applications of this technique as used with a clinical scanner are discussed. This work was supported by American Cancer Society Grant #PDT-188. 111 Sommer. F. Graham. Jovnt. Linda F.. Carroll. Barbara A.. and Hacovski. Albert. Radiology &, 811-817'(198i).' [2] Sommer, F.G., Joynt, L.F., Hayes, D.L., and Macovski, A., Ultrasonics 20, 82-86 (1982).
179
ULTRASONIC
IMAGING
AND TISSUE
CHARACTERIZATION
SYMPOSIUM
suspected. Gingival biopsy (B), obtained only in 15 PT, was positive in 9 PT, weakly The 11 positive PT account for a 6.5 of a total positive in 2 PT, negative in 4 PT. of 169 cardiomyopathies examined, according to data in the literature (5-10 percent). B was suggested on the only basis of the above reported criteria, independently from Data of the groups of positive PT by B; of negative PT; of PT in M-mode measurements. whom B was not done and of 25 normal controls compared by analysis of variance (Fisher test for Fc0.5) showed no statistically-significant difference in the right ventricle (F=1.1030), left ventricle systolic (Fz0.2935) and diastolic (F=08054) dimensions, and fractional LV shortening (F=04004). A statistically-significant difference was found in the left atrium dimension (F=6.3172), posterior LV(Fz12.3377) and the interventricular (F=12.8027) wall thickness. In conclusion, changes in myocardial echogeniare city detected by TDE appear correlated to a positive test for AM. These changes possibly related to the presence of heart AM. TRANSABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND IN THE EVALUATION OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA, Monzer M. Abu-Yousef, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242. As a noninvasive procedure that utilizes basic ultrasound equipment, transabdominal ultrasound was used to evaluate 84 patients with BPH. Forty-seven of them has transurethral resection of their prostates. Transverse and either suprapubic or longitudinal scans were obtained using 30-40° caudad angulation. A 3.5 MHz or, when a 2.25 MHz tranducer was used. No preparation was necessary except injesnecessary, tion of 500 cc of fluids, one hour before the examination. The whole prostate was satisfactorily imaged in the majority of these patients. The shape of the prostrate varied from oval in most cases to rounded or triangular in The surgical capsule appeared as a slightly echogenic circular structure surothers. Prostatic calcifications were occarounding a homogeneous less echogenic adenoma. The hyperplastic sionally seen as small bright echoes with or without shadowing. periurethral glands showed as regular collection of bright echoes posteriorly. In a the seminal vesicles were seen. smaller percentage of patients, The maximum transverse, longitudinal and cephalo-caudad diameters of the prostatic adenoma were measured and the size of the prostate is calculated as follows: Since the specific gravity S = 4/3 n rrrsrs (where S = size, r = radius of prostate). about 1.05, the weight, w = 1.05 x 4/3 n rirprg = 0.55 didsds of prostate is In the vast majority of these patients, the difference between (where d = diameter). the estimated weight and the weight of the specimen was insignificant. SESSION
6:
SCATTERING
ULTRASONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TISSUE STRUCTURE IN HUMAN LIVER AND SPLEEN IN VIVO -3 L. L. Fellingham, R. A. Stern, A. Gamboa-Aldeco, H. Solomon, and F. G. Sommer, Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. A salient feature of diffuse disease processes of the liver and spleen is disruption of the normal tissue architecture. Infiltration of normal liver by fibrous tissue, as in cirrhosis, or splenic enlargement, due to spreading of the supporting structure of the collagenous splenic trabeculae by an increased amount of cellular components, is acoustically manifested as a change in the separation of the scattering elements. Preliminary results using a technique for estimating these scatterer spacings from the frequency spectra of samples of the~backscattered echoes from tissue have previously been reported [1,2]. This paper reports the results of this analysis applied to digitized ultrasonic waveforms from normal and cirrhotic human liver tissues and normal and pathologic spleen tissues which have been obtained using a high-speed data acquisition system interfaced to a commercially-available real-time scanner which has been specially modified to provide the rf signals originating from a region of interest selected from the scanner image. Data was acquired from studies of patients and normal volunteers at weekly intervals, from pathological specimens of liver and spleen, and from phantoms constructed with a regular structure embedded in a scattering medium. The variation of the estimated scatterer spacing for different samples was investigated and compared with histological studies of the tissue specimens and the known structure of the phantoms. Limitations and applications of this technique as used with a clinical scanner are discussed. This work was supported by American Cancer Society Grant #PDT-188. 111 Sommer. F. Graham. Jovnt. Linda F.. Carroll. Barbara A.. and Hacovski. Albert. Radiology &, 811-817'(198i).' [2] Sommer, F.G., Joynt, L.F., Hayes, D.L., and Macovski, A., Ultrasonics 20, 82-86 (1982).
179