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TRANSMISSION OF DENGUE BY MOSQUITOES.
453 - should be addressed to the secretary, at the offices .,of the convention, 1, Lowther-gardens, Exhibitionroad, London, S.W. 7. The appearance of such a convention is almost as uncommon as that of a comet, and its rarity, as well as its intrinsic interest, ought to .commend it to the educated public.
DERWENT WOOD. MEDICAL men will have personal reason to regret the death of Mr. Francis Derwent Wood, R.A., the well-known sculptor, which occurred at a London nursing home on Friday last as a sequel to a severe .operation. Derwent Wood was a true cosmopolitan, for, born of an American father and an English mother, he was educated in Switzerland and Germany, and - married a famous Australian singer ; but his work as a sculptor was done in this country, where he had taught in the Glasgow art schools and in the two :famous metropolitan schools, the Royal College of Art, South Kensington, and the Slade School, as well as at the Royal Academy. He was a frequent exhibitor at the Academy both of portraiture and imaginative work, was elected A.R.A. in 1910, and R.A. ten years later. During the war he became. associated with medicine as a constructor of facemasks for disfigured soldiers, and in the columns of ’THE LANCET he described very fully the use of these masks in the mutilations of facial wounds. Disclaiming any attempt either to alleviate suffering or to restore function, he described his work as beginning where that of the surgeon is completed. It was the mental distress of physical deformity which Derwent Wood’s work was designed to relieve, his cases being generally those extreme ones that plastic surgery had been compelled to abandon. The psychological effect was what he aimed at with the fullest sympathy, and many a patient behind one of these masks acquired the old self-respect and self-reliance, discarding despondency under the feeling that his presence was no longer a source of melancholy to himself nor of sadness to others. " So far as my treatment goes," the sculptor wrote in our columns, " the size of the areas affected is negligible. In theory, it is as easy to make a mask for a whole face as for a space an inch square to co ver a small palpitating area such as is often done in the The essential of the treatment case of skull wounds. is the restoration of features ; the features may have been originally ugly or beautiful. they were in life so I try to reproduce them, beautiful or ugly ; the one desideratum is to make them natural." On all hands Derwent Wood was allowed to be one of the finest plastic workers modern art has known.
Thus it was learned that a case of dengue was infectious to the mosquito from 18 hours before onset to the end of the third day of the disease. The A. egypti itself does not become infective for 11-14 days, but then remains so for the remainder of life, certainly up to 75 days ; infection is not transmitted to the A patient, bitten by 2-10 infected offspring. mosquitoes, develops dengue in from 4-10 days, usually within six. Passage of the virus six times from man to mosquito and again to man neither attenuated nor increased its virulence. The whole research was well planned and carefully carried out, and the complete report will be awaited with interest.
The Services. ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS. Lt.-Col. and Bt.-Col. Sir E. S. Worthington retires on retd. pay. Maj. R. G. Meredith is placed on the half pay list on account of ill-health. The undermentioned Capts. to be Majs. : T. 0. Thompson, J. G. Gill, S. M. Hattersley, and J. W. C. Stubbs (Prov. and remains seed.). Temp. Lts. J. M. Johnston, R. J. G. Hyde, and A. K. J. Finch to be Lts. on probation, and relinquish their temp. rank of Lt. R. V. Franklin to be Lt. on probation and is seed. ARMY RESERVE OF OFFICERS.
Capt. N. Kerr, from T.A., Gen. List, Edinburgh University Contgt., O.T.C., to be Capt. TERRITORIAL ARMY.
C. W. F. Greenhill (late Surg. Lt., R.N.) to be Capt. 2nd Lt. T. F. Greenhill (late H.L.I.) to be Lt. Supernumerary for Service with the O.T.C. : H. E. A. Boldero (late R.A.M.C.) to be Capt. for service with medical unit, University of London O.T.C. J. F. Smith (late Surg. Lt., R.N.) to be Capt. for service with medical unit, University of London O.T.C.
ROYAL AIR FORCE. E. J. Jenkins is granted a short service commission as a Flying Officer for three years on the Active List. Tempy. Lt. H. R. Peek, General List, Dental Surgeon Army, is granted a temporary commission as Flying Officer on attachment to the R.A.F.
MILITARY HOSPITALS RESERVE. The reorganisation of the " Home Hospitals Reserve," under the designation of " The Military Hospitals Reserve," has been approved and the qualifications for enrolment have been issued in an Aimy Order. This Reserve will consist of warrant and non-commissioned officers and privates only, with an authorised establishment of 2000. The functions of the reserve will be (a) to staff the military hospitals and other establishments niaintained by the regular medical services upon the mobilisation and withdrawal of the regular TRANSMISSION OF DENGUE BY R.A.M.C. for duty in the field ; and (b) to provide reinforceMOSQUITOES. ments for the medical units of the expeditionary force THAT dengue is carried by mosquitoes has long been overseas after mobilisation. Membership will be entirely the impression of those who have suffered from both. voluntary and the personnel will be provided by the St. John Lieut.-Colonel J. F. Siler and two other officers of Ambulance Brigade for England and Wales and Northern Corps for Scotland. the Medical Corps, LT.S. Army, have subjected the Ireland and the St. Andrew’s Ambulancefrom 19 to 40 years The limits for enrolment will be question to experiment in the Philippines, and they of age, age and no member will be permitted to remain in the now report that dengue is carried by Aedes egypti Reserve after he has reached the age of 45 years. Every (commonly called Stegomyia fasciata), the mosquito applicant must be in possession of the first-aid certificate that transmits vellow fever. A brief note of their work recognised or granted by the St. John Ambulance Association appears in the ]}1i,litary Surgeon for January, the or St. Andrew’s Ambulance Association, and, in addition, a nursing certificate recognised by those bodies complete account being reserved for the Philippine obtain Journal of Science. The ()1 volunteem who partici- within a period of 12 months after enrolment. A proportion of the total establishment of each rank in the Reserve will, pated in the research were soldiers recently arrived in annual rotation, receive training for eight days under from the United States and free from disease, including military arrangements. A member of the Reserve will syphilis. They were put to livein a military hospital receive, both during training and on coming up for duty in in Manila, in a ward specially made mosquito-proof replacement of a member of the R.A.M.C., pay and allowances the rates laid down for a man of the corresponding army and kept mosquito-free. Experiments were made at with two mosquitoes, A. and C.’zzlea: quirzg-zze- rank and trade group (if qualified) whom he has been detailed replace on mobilisation, and promotion to fill the authorised fasciatus. With the latter the results were negative, to establishment of ranks during service in the Reserve will but out of 111 experiments with A. egypti 47 were be given according to service, merit, and qualifications. successful. The mosquitoes used were grown in ’, captivity from the egg upwards. Fertilised females Surg.-Maj. R. Vella, half pay list, late R. Malta Artillery, were put to bite dengue patients, and the sated on attaining the age limit for compulsory retirement, is insects were then allowed to bite the volunteers. placed on retd. pay.
egypti
I
DERWENT WOOD. MEDICAL men will have personal reason to regret the death of Mr. Francis Derwent Wood, R.A., the well-known sculptor, which occurred at a London nursing home on Friday last as a sequel to a severe .operation. Derwent Wood was a true cosmopolitan, for, born of an American father and an English mother, he was educated in Switzerland and Germany, and - married a famous Australian singer ; but his work as a sculptor was done in this country, where he had taught in the Glasgow art schools and in the two :famous metropolitan schools, the Royal College of Art, South Kensington, and the Slade School, as well as at the Royal Academy. He was a frequent exhibitor at the Academy both of portraiture and imaginative work, was elected A.R.A. in 1910, and R.A. ten years later. During the war he became. associated with medicine as a constructor of facemasks for disfigured soldiers, and in the columns of ’THE LANCET he described very fully the use of these masks in the mutilations of facial wounds. Disclaiming any attempt either to alleviate suffering or to restore function, he described his work as beginning where that of the surgeon is completed. It was the mental distress of physical deformity which Derwent Wood’s work was designed to relieve, his cases being generally those extreme ones that plastic surgery had been compelled to abandon. The psychological effect was what he aimed at with the fullest sympathy, and many a patient behind one of these masks acquired the old self-respect and self-reliance, discarding despondency under the feeling that his presence was no longer a source of melancholy to himself nor of sadness to others. " So far as my treatment goes," the sculptor wrote in our columns, " the size of the areas affected is negligible. In theory, it is as easy to make a mask for a whole face as for a space an inch square to co ver a small palpitating area such as is often done in the The essential of the treatment case of skull wounds. is the restoration of features ; the features may have been originally ugly or beautiful. they were in life so I try to reproduce them, beautiful or ugly ; the one desideratum is to make them natural." On all hands Derwent Wood was allowed to be one of the finest plastic workers modern art has known.
Thus it was learned that a case of dengue was infectious to the mosquito from 18 hours before onset to the end of the third day of the disease. The A. egypti itself does not become infective for 11-14 days, but then remains so for the remainder of life, certainly up to 75 days ; infection is not transmitted to the A patient, bitten by 2-10 infected offspring. mosquitoes, develops dengue in from 4-10 days, usually within six. Passage of the virus six times from man to mosquito and again to man neither attenuated nor increased its virulence. The whole research was well planned and carefully carried out, and the complete report will be awaited with interest.
The Services. ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS. Lt.-Col. and Bt.-Col. Sir E. S. Worthington retires on retd. pay. Maj. R. G. Meredith is placed on the half pay list on account of ill-health. The undermentioned Capts. to be Majs. : T. 0. Thompson, J. G. Gill, S. M. Hattersley, and J. W. C. Stubbs (Prov. and remains seed.). Temp. Lts. J. M. Johnston, R. J. G. Hyde, and A. K. J. Finch to be Lts. on probation, and relinquish their temp. rank of Lt. R. V. Franklin to be Lt. on probation and is seed. ARMY RESERVE OF OFFICERS.
Capt. N. Kerr, from T.A., Gen. List, Edinburgh University Contgt., O.T.C., to be Capt. TERRITORIAL ARMY.
C. W. F. Greenhill (late Surg. Lt., R.N.) to be Capt. 2nd Lt. T. F. Greenhill (late H.L.I.) to be Lt. Supernumerary for Service with the O.T.C. : H. E. A. Boldero (late R.A.M.C.) to be Capt. for service with medical unit, University of London O.T.C. J. F. Smith (late Surg. Lt., R.N.) to be Capt. for service with medical unit, University of London O.T.C.
ROYAL AIR FORCE. E. J. Jenkins is granted a short service commission as a Flying Officer for three years on the Active List. Tempy. Lt. H. R. Peek, General List, Dental Surgeon Army, is granted a temporary commission as Flying Officer on attachment to the R.A.F.
MILITARY HOSPITALS RESERVE. The reorganisation of the " Home Hospitals Reserve," under the designation of " The Military Hospitals Reserve," has been approved and the qualifications for enrolment have been issued in an Aimy Order. This Reserve will consist of warrant and non-commissioned officers and privates only, with an authorised establishment of 2000. The functions of the reserve will be (a) to staff the military hospitals and other establishments niaintained by the regular medical services upon the mobilisation and withdrawal of the regular TRANSMISSION OF DENGUE BY R.A.M.C. for duty in the field ; and (b) to provide reinforceMOSQUITOES. ments for the medical units of the expeditionary force THAT dengue is carried by mosquitoes has long been overseas after mobilisation. Membership will be entirely the impression of those who have suffered from both. voluntary and the personnel will be provided by the St. John Lieut.-Colonel J. F. Siler and two other officers of Ambulance Brigade for England and Wales and Northern Corps for Scotland. the Medical Corps, LT.S. Army, have subjected the Ireland and the St. Andrew’s Ambulancefrom 19 to 40 years The limits for enrolment will be question to experiment in the Philippines, and they of age, age and no member will be permitted to remain in the now report that dengue is carried by Aedes egypti Reserve after he has reached the age of 45 years. Every (commonly called Stegomyia fasciata), the mosquito applicant must be in possession of the first-aid certificate that transmits vellow fever. A brief note of their work recognised or granted by the St. John Ambulance Association appears in the ]}1i,litary Surgeon for January, the or St. Andrew’s Ambulance Association, and, in addition, a nursing certificate recognised by those bodies complete account being reserved for the Philippine obtain Journal of Science. The ()1 volunteem who partici- within a period of 12 months after enrolment. A proportion of the total establishment of each rank in the Reserve will, pated in the research were soldiers recently arrived in annual rotation, receive training for eight days under from the United States and free from disease, including military arrangements. A member of the Reserve will syphilis. They were put to livein a military hospital receive, both during training and on coming up for duty in in Manila, in a ward specially made mosquito-proof replacement of a member of the R.A.M.C., pay and allowances the rates laid down for a man of the corresponding army and kept mosquito-free. Experiments were made at with two mosquitoes, A. and C.’zzlea: quirzg-zze- rank and trade group (if qualified) whom he has been detailed replace on mobilisation, and promotion to fill the authorised fasciatus. With the latter the results were negative, to establishment of ranks during service in the Reserve will but out of 111 experiments with A. egypti 47 were be given according to service, merit, and qualifications. successful. The mosquitoes used were grown in ’, captivity from the egg upwards. Fertilised females Surg.-Maj. R. Vella, half pay list, late R. Malta Artillery, were put to bite dengue patients, and the sated on attaining the age limit for compulsory retirement, is insects were then allowed to bite the volunteers. placed on retd. pay.
egypti
I