- Email: [email protected]
Travel behavior of employees at Texas metropolitan workplaces
87
Recent doctoral dissertations Passenger travel demand in Canaria-Tenerife: An application models. Gonzalez-Marrero, Rosa, University (Spain), 1995 294 pp.
tbe route Gran of discrete choice
Ph.D. La @mra (in Spanish).
The purpose of this dissertation is to deepen our understanding of the behavior and characteristics of travelers facing a mode choice decision for inter-island journeys. For this purpose, probabilistic discrete choice demand models were formulated. The estimated functions have decreasing marginal utilities of income, and yield subjective values of time by mode, income level and trip purpose. Elasticities and demand predictions from the various models estimated (multinomial and hierarchical logit) are also derived and discussed.
The structure of aggregate travel demands in the United States and the Netherlands: An application to predict modal shares under the goal of the sustainable development program. Yoon. Jaeho, Ph.D. The University of Utah, 1995. Adviser: Gail Blat-
tenberger. Order Number DA9602007 In this dissertation. a complete system of travel demand equations, a quadratic almost-ideal demand system with habit formation that features seasonality. time-trends, and leisure-time characteristics, is developed. The derived travel demand system fully captures the rich income effect of the nonlinear Engel curve. The dynamic property of habit formation is theoretically incorporated in the structure of traveler’s preference. Various forms of travel demand systems, which are in nested relation to the quadratic almost-ideal demand system with habit formation, are estimated with time series expenditure data from the U.S. and the Netherlands. Results consistently support the reflection of both nonlinear Engel curve and habit formation effects. All travel-related characteristic variables are significant in the structure of traveler’s preference in the Netherlands, whereas timetrends and leisure-time constraints are significant in the U.S. Considering full social-cost pricing with respect to car use, this dissertation predicts the effects of alternative government pricing policies in the two countries for the next decade.
A study on evaluation of time for economic analysis of transportation projects. Alam, Jobair Bin, Ph.D. The University of Tokyo (Japan), 1996. 149 pp.
Supervisor: Katsutoshi
Ohta.
dom variable. The inter-personal variation, caused by variation of value of time among individuals due to differences in &o-economic characteristics, is incorporated in the model in the form of mass-points. Results show that the consideration of these characteristics substantially improves the goodness-of-fit of the models. Reliability of travel time is incorporated in the model by using three variables which include ‘expected early arrival time’, ‘expected late arrival time’ and ‘probability of being late’. These variables are calculated from the perceived distribution of travel time for different reliability situations.
Survey methods and analysis for recreational trans*
The purpose of this study is to establish methods for transportation planning in recreational areas. In this study, the focus is on the establishment of measures for recreational transportation planning which include survey methodologies for recreational transportation demand estimation, demand analysis methodologies which consider recreational transportation behavior, and quantitative evaluation methodologies of environmental effects due to road construction in recreational areas. New survey methodologies for recreational demand forecasting, which consist of recreational site surveys and home interview surveys. are used.
Time to travel? A model for the allocation of time and money. Kraan, Mariette, Ph.D. Vniversit~ of Twente (The Netherlands), 1996.
The dissertation analyzes the impact of limited individual time budgets on mobility growth. The total activity pattern is analyzed and a theory on activity behavior is constructed. From this theory, a strategic mathematical model is formulated for the allocation of time and money to activities and goods. Due to the lack of combined data on time and money expenditures, the model is estimated on Dutch time-use data for 1980, 1985, and 1990. The scenario analysis investigates extreme developments in order to examine whether limits to mobility growth exists. The analysis shows that mobility growth can be limited if average travel speeds do not increase much in the future.
Travel behavior of employees at Texas metropolitan workplaces. Ahn, Jung Geun, Ph.D. Texas A&M University, 1995. 119 pp. Co-chairs: Donald L.
Woods; Jesus H. Hinojosa. Evaluation of time is a classical research topic in transportation. Behavioral models are widely used for evaluation of time. Usually these models ignore the variation of value of time and the effect of other time-related attributes such as reliability. In this study, the variation of value of time is categorized in intra-and inter-personal dimensions. Intrapersonal variation, which stems from variation in mood, travel conditions and situation, is incorporated in the model as a normally distributed ran-
Order Number DA9539149
This study tests the relationships among three independent variables (metropolitan size, employment type, and employment location) and three dependent variables (trip frequency, vehicle occupancy, and private auto use) using a sample of 11,223 employees in five metropolitan areas of Texas. The findings are classified by metropolitan size. In large metropolitan areas, trip frequency is
88
Recent doctoral dissertations
low in all employment locations and types. In terms of vehicle occupancy, the employment types of retail and basic located in urban and suburban show low vehicle occupancy. For auto use, service employment located in urban and suburban areas reveals a high rate of auto use. In medium-sized metropolitan areas, a high travel frequency rate exists in service employment in urban and suburban areas. In terms of vehicle occupancy, low vehicle occupancies are observed in service employment in the central business district (CBD), CBD fringe, and rural areas. Regarding auto use, basic employment has a high rate of auto use. In small metropolitan areas, a high travel frequency rate exists in service employment in the CBD and CBD fringe. A low rate of vehicle occupancy exists in basic and service employment in urban and suburban areas. Basic employment has a high rate of auto use in the CBD and CBD fringe areas.
activity may vary over the course of day. The utility of “saved” travel time thus depends on not only the value of travel time, but also where the saved time slot is located and the increasing utility due to rescheduling other activities to make use of this time slot. To achieve this goal, event-history analysis (hazard rate model) is used to estimate the revealed preferences of Canadians on their mandatory daily activities. The estimates are applied to a scheduling program to examine how they make up their minds with the optimal objective of maximizing their total timing utility. The research focuses on how travel time interacts with the scheduling choices. A partial equilibrium of moming arrival time at work is established. In this model of equilibrium, commuters are allowed to have staggered working hours, and to make tradeoffs between travel time and total timing utility of all mandatory activities during the day in order to find their best work start time.
Trip chains: Theoretical development and empirical atu@&. Metaxatos, Paul, Ph.D. University of Illinois at Chicago, 1995. 218 pp. Order Number DA9544479
In this di&rtation, we establish two theoretical developments resulting in trip-chain models for single-stop work trip chains. The first development is a deterministic bilevel entropy-maximizing framework which gives as optimality conditions an entropy gravity model. The second presents a probabilistic threshold theory of spatial interaction trip-chaining behavior which is characterized by mean frequencies representable by threshold gravity models. Entropy gravity models are seen to be an approximation of threshold gravity models. Both theoretical developments are seen as two threads originating from a common behavioral assumption, namely that trip chaining is based on an r-sequential decision making process. Estimation procedures are presented for both theoretical developments. Maximum likelihood estimates for threshold gravity models are obtained from the modifying scoring procedure. For the estimation of entropy gravity models a new procedure, the sequential modifying scoring procedure, is developed. Preliminary empirical analysis based on a home-interview survey reveals a very good fit for threshold gravity models. An important empirical finding is that in the presence of the data available, home-to-work and the reverse single-stop trip chains are indistinguishable in the sense that there is no need for separate parameter estimates. Underatandlng travel through the scheduling of daily activities. Wang, James Jixian, Ph.D. University of Toronto (Canada), 1994. 200 pp. Adviser: John Miron. ISBN: O-315-97277-7 Order Number DA97277
This study focuses on a methodology for estimating the timing utility of people’s daily activities and examines how such utility interacts with travel time. It argues that the utility of time for a specific
URBAN DESIGN Subdivision guidelines and standards for residential streets and their impact on suburbao neigbborboods. Ben-Joseph, Eran, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley, 1995. 297 pp. Chair: Michael South-
worth. Order Number DA9602484
This dissertation investigates social and physical issues resulting from adherence to strict subdivision guidelines and standards for residential streets. The first part investigates the historical and theoretical processes of traffic regulation and street standards through a review of professional and technical publications. The second part examines, through a nation-wide survey, existing residential street standards required by various cities. Traffic problems associated with residential streets and their mitigation through management programs were also surveyed. The third part of the research compares the relationship between physical street design and livability of residential sites in California. It specifically analyzes residents’ perceived sense of traffic safety, street livability, and preferences for neighborhood and street layout. It also reviews both the nature and location of accidents. Findings show that most cities are still adhering to street standards recommended by professional and federal organizations. Yet, the extent of residents’ complaints about traffic problems on their streets indicates a conflict between the professionals’ view, as manifested in street design, and the streets’ actual performance.
Recent doctoral dissertations Passenger travel demand in Canaria-Tenerife: An application models. Gonzalez-Marrero, Rosa, University (Spain), 1995 294 pp.
tbe route Gran of discrete choice
Ph.D. La @mra (in Spanish).
The purpose of this dissertation is to deepen our understanding of the behavior and characteristics of travelers facing a mode choice decision for inter-island journeys. For this purpose, probabilistic discrete choice demand models were formulated. The estimated functions have decreasing marginal utilities of income, and yield subjective values of time by mode, income level and trip purpose. Elasticities and demand predictions from the various models estimated (multinomial and hierarchical logit) are also derived and discussed.
The structure of aggregate travel demands in the United States and the Netherlands: An application to predict modal shares under the goal of the sustainable development program. Yoon. Jaeho, Ph.D. The University of Utah, 1995. Adviser: Gail Blat-
tenberger. Order Number DA9602007 In this dissertation. a complete system of travel demand equations, a quadratic almost-ideal demand system with habit formation that features seasonality. time-trends, and leisure-time characteristics, is developed. The derived travel demand system fully captures the rich income effect of the nonlinear Engel curve. The dynamic property of habit formation is theoretically incorporated in the structure of traveler’s preference. Various forms of travel demand systems, which are in nested relation to the quadratic almost-ideal demand system with habit formation, are estimated with time series expenditure data from the U.S. and the Netherlands. Results consistently support the reflection of both nonlinear Engel curve and habit formation effects. All travel-related characteristic variables are significant in the structure of traveler’s preference in the Netherlands, whereas timetrends and leisure-time constraints are significant in the U.S. Considering full social-cost pricing with respect to car use, this dissertation predicts the effects of alternative government pricing policies in the two countries for the next decade.
A study on evaluation of time for economic analysis of transportation projects. Alam, Jobair Bin, Ph.D. The University of Tokyo (Japan), 1996. 149 pp.
Supervisor: Katsutoshi
Ohta.
dom variable. The inter-personal variation, caused by variation of value of time among individuals due to differences in &o-economic characteristics, is incorporated in the model in the form of mass-points. Results show that the consideration of these characteristics substantially improves the goodness-of-fit of the models. Reliability of travel time is incorporated in the model by using three variables which include ‘expected early arrival time’, ‘expected late arrival time’ and ‘probability of being late’. These variables are calculated from the perceived distribution of travel time for different reliability situations.
Survey methods and analysis for recreational trans*
The purpose of this study is to establish methods for transportation planning in recreational areas. In this study, the focus is on the establishment of measures for recreational transportation planning which include survey methodologies for recreational transportation demand estimation, demand analysis methodologies which consider recreational transportation behavior, and quantitative evaluation methodologies of environmental effects due to road construction in recreational areas. New survey methodologies for recreational demand forecasting, which consist of recreational site surveys and home interview surveys. are used.
Time to travel? A model for the allocation of time and money. Kraan, Mariette, Ph.D. Vniversit~ of Twente (The Netherlands), 1996.
The dissertation analyzes the impact of limited individual time budgets on mobility growth. The total activity pattern is analyzed and a theory on activity behavior is constructed. From this theory, a strategic mathematical model is formulated for the allocation of time and money to activities and goods. Due to the lack of combined data on time and money expenditures, the model is estimated on Dutch time-use data for 1980, 1985, and 1990. The scenario analysis investigates extreme developments in order to examine whether limits to mobility growth exists. The analysis shows that mobility growth can be limited if average travel speeds do not increase much in the future.
Travel behavior of employees at Texas metropolitan workplaces. Ahn, Jung Geun, Ph.D. Texas A&M University, 1995. 119 pp. Co-chairs: Donald L.
Woods; Jesus H. Hinojosa. Evaluation of time is a classical research topic in transportation. Behavioral models are widely used for evaluation of time. Usually these models ignore the variation of value of time and the effect of other time-related attributes such as reliability. In this study, the variation of value of time is categorized in intra-and inter-personal dimensions. Intrapersonal variation, which stems from variation in mood, travel conditions and situation, is incorporated in the model as a normally distributed ran-
Order Number DA9539149
This study tests the relationships among three independent variables (metropolitan size, employment type, and employment location) and three dependent variables (trip frequency, vehicle occupancy, and private auto use) using a sample of 11,223 employees in five metropolitan areas of Texas. The findings are classified by metropolitan size. In large metropolitan areas, trip frequency is
88
Recent doctoral dissertations
low in all employment locations and types. In terms of vehicle occupancy, the employment types of retail and basic located in urban and suburban show low vehicle occupancy. For auto use, service employment located in urban and suburban areas reveals a high rate of auto use. In medium-sized metropolitan areas, a high travel frequency rate exists in service employment in urban and suburban areas. In terms of vehicle occupancy, low vehicle occupancies are observed in service employment in the central business district (CBD), CBD fringe, and rural areas. Regarding auto use, basic employment has a high rate of auto use. In small metropolitan areas, a high travel frequency rate exists in service employment in the CBD and CBD fringe. A low rate of vehicle occupancy exists in basic and service employment in urban and suburban areas. Basic employment has a high rate of auto use in the CBD and CBD fringe areas.
activity may vary over the course of day. The utility of “saved” travel time thus depends on not only the value of travel time, but also where the saved time slot is located and the increasing utility due to rescheduling other activities to make use of this time slot. To achieve this goal, event-history analysis (hazard rate model) is used to estimate the revealed preferences of Canadians on their mandatory daily activities. The estimates are applied to a scheduling program to examine how they make up their minds with the optimal objective of maximizing their total timing utility. The research focuses on how travel time interacts with the scheduling choices. A partial equilibrium of moming arrival time at work is established. In this model of equilibrium, commuters are allowed to have staggered working hours, and to make tradeoffs between travel time and total timing utility of all mandatory activities during the day in order to find their best work start time.
Trip chains: Theoretical development and empirical atu@&. Metaxatos, Paul, Ph.D. University of Illinois at Chicago, 1995. 218 pp. Order Number DA9544479
In this di&rtation, we establish two theoretical developments resulting in trip-chain models for single-stop work trip chains. The first development is a deterministic bilevel entropy-maximizing framework which gives as optimality conditions an entropy gravity model. The second presents a probabilistic threshold theory of spatial interaction trip-chaining behavior which is characterized by mean frequencies representable by threshold gravity models. Entropy gravity models are seen to be an approximation of threshold gravity models. Both theoretical developments are seen as two threads originating from a common behavioral assumption, namely that trip chaining is based on an r-sequential decision making process. Estimation procedures are presented for both theoretical developments. Maximum likelihood estimates for threshold gravity models are obtained from the modifying scoring procedure. For the estimation of entropy gravity models a new procedure, the sequential modifying scoring procedure, is developed. Preliminary empirical analysis based on a home-interview survey reveals a very good fit for threshold gravity models. An important empirical finding is that in the presence of the data available, home-to-work and the reverse single-stop trip chains are indistinguishable in the sense that there is no need for separate parameter estimates. Underatandlng travel through the scheduling of daily activities. Wang, James Jixian, Ph.D. University of Toronto (Canada), 1994. 200 pp. Adviser: John Miron. ISBN: O-315-97277-7 Order Number DA97277
This study focuses on a methodology for estimating the timing utility of people’s daily activities and examines how such utility interacts with travel time. It argues that the utility of time for a specific
URBAN DESIGN Subdivision guidelines and standards for residential streets and their impact on suburbao neigbborboods. Ben-Joseph, Eran, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley, 1995. 297 pp. Chair: Michael South-
worth. Order Number DA9602484
This dissertation investigates social and physical issues resulting from adherence to strict subdivision guidelines and standards for residential streets. The first part investigates the historical and theoretical processes of traffic regulation and street standards through a review of professional and technical publications. The second part examines, through a nation-wide survey, existing residential street standards required by various cities. Traffic problems associated with residential streets and their mitigation through management programs were also surveyed. The third part of the research compares the relationship between physical street design and livability of residential sites in California. It specifically analyzes residents’ perceived sense of traffic safety, street livability, and preferences for neighborhood and street layout. It also reviews both the nature and location of accidents. Findings show that most cities are still adhering to street standards recommended by professional and federal organizations. Yet, the extent of residents’ complaints about traffic problems on their streets indicates a conflict between the professionals’ view, as manifested in street design, and the streets’ actual performance.