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TROPICAL MEDICINE
545
SPECIAL DIPLOMAS Part I.—The duration of training is about five some of the centres stating the period as not less than 280 hours. The usual division of subjects THE following epitomises the instruction given at is as follows: Candidates will be admissible to various universities and centres of medical education examination on producing evidence of having attended to medical men desiring to obtain diplomas in sanitary during not less than 280 hours at a recognised instituscience, public health,hygiene, or State medicine, tion, practical instruction in (a) bacteriology and Resolutions and parasitology (including as the diploma is variously called. immunology, serology and rules, designed with a view of ensuring " the possession medical entomology), especially in their relation to of a distinctively high proficiency, scientific and diseases of man and to those diseases of the lower practical, in all branches of study which concern the animals which are transmissible to man ; (b) chemistry, public health," have been adopted at various times by physics, radiology, and electrology in relation to the General Medical Council, by whom the diploma public health ; (c) physiology and biochemistry in is registrable and whose rules become binding on the their application to nutrition and hygiene; (d) educational bodies concerned. meteorology and climatology in relation to public LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL health. The examinations are held at most centres MEDICINE.—The course of study for the Diploma in twice a year, and the candidates must pass in all the Public Health will commence on Sept. 28th in the specified subjects at one time. premises in Keppel-street (Gower-street), the gift of Part II.—The duration of training consists of the Rockefeller Foundation, which has excellent instruction during not less than 120 hours at a laboratories and research rooms, a fine lecture theatre recognised institution in the following subjects : and classrooms, library, and museum. The course, (a) the principles of public health and sanitation ; which will extend over a period of nine months of (b) epidemiology and vital statistics ; (c) sanitary law whole-time study, is designed in compliance with the and administration ; (d) sanitary construction and requirements of the General Medical Council, and planning. A second part of the examination includes will enable students to proceed to the academic practical examinations in infectious diseases, food Diploma in Public Health of London University. inspection and inspection of premises, dwelling-houses, The curriculum has been planned on very practical schools, factories, workshops, bakeries, dairies and lines, and includes, in addition to work with medical cowsheds. officers of health in selected areas, a large number of While Part II. of the examination entails the visits to places of public health interest. The course acquirement of similar knowledge at all the centres, also includes provision for the necessary instruction the details of the training differ at certain pointsin infectious disease and hospital management, e.g., where the candidate is using the examination lectures and demonstrations on physiology applied also for obtaining a university degree in public health. to hygiene and industry, medical industrial psychology, Intending candidates must, therefore, apply to the and sanitary engineering. A series of lectures by selected centre for information. authorities on special subjects is open to members of the medical profession as well as to students of the School. The London County Council, the City of TROPICAL MEDICINE London, and various other bodies have placed their resources at the disposal of the School for teaching Although a qualification in tropical medicine has purposes. A course on mental deficiency is provided not been made registrable by statute, a diploma is which members of the public health class may attend. The course is designed to enable qualified medical regarded as indispensable for appointments in the Service and similar positions abroad. practitioners to secure recognition by the Board of Colonial Medical for these diplomas is given at instruction Systematic Education as certifying officers, so far as elementary school-children are concerned, under the Mental the Incorporated Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (founded in 1898) and at the London School of Deficiency Acts. Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel-street, GowerROYAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH.—Facilities street, London, W.C. ; while the University of are offered here (23, Queen-square, London, W.C.1) Edinburgh and the English Conjoint Board grant a for students training for the D.P.H. There are welldiploma. equipped laboratories where practical instruction is given in chemistry, bacteriology, immunology, and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine public health subjects, and analyses are undertaken, The course of instruction in tropical medicine and both chemical and bacteriological, of milk, water, and hygiene is divided into two parts : Part I., a three sewage effluents, providing excellent teaching material. months’ course in clinical and laboratory instruction, and Part II., a two months’ course in tropical clinical The Course of Study medicine, elementary bacteriology, and tropical A diploma of D.P.H. is granted by the Universities hygiene. The examinations of the Conjoint Board of London, Durham, Birmingham, Wales, Aberdeen, follow closely upon the end of the corresponding Edinburgh, Glasgow, St. Andrews, Dublin (Trinity course of study. The course is recognised by the College), and the English, Scottish, and Irish Conjoint University of London as a course for associate students. Boards. The course of study is fairly identical in all The dates of the courses for the session 1937-38 the centres, as would be expected for a registrable are as follows :title. It extends over twelve calendar months, or Part I.: Sept. 27th to Dec. 17th, 1937 ; Tan. 3rd an academic year of full-time study covering a period to March 25th, 1938 ; April 4th to June 24th, 1938. of not less than nine calendar months, subsequent to Part 77. :: Jan. 17th to March 18th, 1938 ; April the attainment of a registrable degree or diploma. 19th to June 17th, 1938. At several of the universities it is stated that a certain The course of instruction under Part I. includes part of the course must be pursued locally, while at clinical tropical medicine, applied pathology, and others there is a’proviso that evidence shall be produced of attendance at courses of institutions approved medical zoology. Part II.* comprises instruction by the university or licensing body ; such particular in clinical tropical medicine, elementary bacteriology, instruction can be obtained from the centres on tropical hygiene, including, in relation to hygiene, anthropology, and vital and medical statistics. application. At all the centres the course is divided into two * Andrew Balfour Memorial Fund provides two studentParts and candidates must pass Part I. before shipsThe in the year, which carry free tuition in Part II. of the Course. proceeding to Part II.
PUBLIC HEALTH
months,
546 Part I, is
arranged, in three self-contained groups to allow of the admission of a student at the beginning of any block of work, subject to a place in the laboratory being available. Accordingly, applications can be received for admission to the classes of protozoology and hsematology (approximately four weeks), or in helminthology (approximately four weeks), or in entomology (approximately four weeks). The instruction in the Division of Clinical Tropical Medicine is given by the medical staff of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases The resources of the and by visiting lecturers. hospitals of the Seamen’s Hospital Society at Gordonstreet, at the Albert Docks, and elsewhere, are available for the instruction of the students at the blocks,
or
so as
School.
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine The Liverpool University Diploma of Tropical Medicine (D.T.M.) is open only to those who possess a qualification to practise medicine recognised by the university, and who have been through a full The subjects course of instruction at this school. of examination are (a) Parasitology ; (b) Entomology ;
{c) Tropical Medicine, including Ætiology, Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Tropical
Diseases. The course consists entirelv of Practical and Clinical work, given at the Laboratory at the University, and at a recognised hospital in which beds are specially reserved for Tropical Diseases. Applications should be made to the Dean of the Medical Faculty, University of Liverpool. The University also grants a Diploma in Tropical Hygiene (D.T.H.). The subjects of examination are
{a) Tropical Hygiene (including Sanitary Engineering, Vital
Statistics and Epidemiology, and Applied Parasitology and Entomology ; (b) Practical Sanitation ; (c) Bacteriology; (d) Chemistry (including Meteorology and Climatology). Accommodation for research work is to be had at the University Laboratory. The Mary Kingsley Medal is awarded by the school for distinguished work in connexion with Tropical Medicine.
University
of
Edinburgh
Candidates for the
Diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene must be graduates in medicine and surgery of the University of Edinburgh or hold corresponding registrable degrees or qualifications of some other licensing body, or of other universities or medical schools specially recognised. The course of instruction, comprising a primary and a second course, is given during the autumn and spring terms, October to March, and includes Tropical Hygiene, Bacteriology, Entomology and Parasitology, Diseases of Tropical Climates (systematic and clinical), Tuberculosis, and Venereal Diseases. Provision is made in the University for instruction in all subjects. The examinations are written, oral, and practical, and are held at the end of the courses : Part I. in December, and Part II. in March. Candidates are required on the first occasion of presenting themselves for examination in either part to appear for all the subjects of that part. Candidates who fail to pass the entire examination in either part within a period of 12 months after first appearance are required to reappear for all the subjects. The University is included in the list of institutions in which courses of instruction in Tropical Medicine may be taken by officers on appointment to the Colonial Medical Services or during study-leave. Full particulars can be obtained from the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. English Conjoint a
Board
The Board conducts an examination three times year for the D.T.M. and H. granted by the Royal
in January, April, and July. The examination is in two parts which may be taken together or separately, but candidates are not allowed to take Part II. until they have passed in Part I.
Colleges-namely,
Part I. consists of written, oral, and practical examinations in Protozoology, Entomology and Helminthology in relation to Tropical Diseases; Principles of Sanitation-water-supplies, disposal of waste matters, hygiene of buildings; personal hygiene in the tropics. Part II. consists of written, oral, and clinical examinations in Tropical Medicine and Surgery, including Clinical Pathology ; Tropical Hygiene, including elementary epidemiology and vital statistics, and administrative measures for the prevention and control of disease in the tropics; Bacteriology in relation to Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. The examination is open to candidates possessing either a qualification in medicine, surgery, and midwifery which is registrable in the British Medical Register, or the medical and surgical degrees of an Indian, Colonial, or Foreign University recognised by the Examining Board in England. Candidates intending to present themselves for either part of the examination, must give notice in writing to the Secretary of the Examining Board not less than 21 days before the date of Part I., submitting, at the same time, evidence that they have completed the courses of study required by the regulations. The course of study for Part I. extends over three months, and the course for Part II., which may be taken concurrently with that for Part I., extends over five months. The Committee of Management may modify the conditions of the regulations with regard to admission to the examination in the case of candidates (a) who have been engaged in medical work in tropical countries; (b) who produce evidence of having been engaged in original investigations in tropical medicine or hygiene. No exemption is granted from any subject of the examination. Copies of the regulations and further particulars may be obtained, free of charge, from the Secretary, Examination Hall, Queen-square, London,
W.C.I.
____________
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE The Universities of London, Durham, Leeds, Manchester, Edinburgh, Dublin (Trinity College), Ireland (National University), and the English Conjoint Board grant diplomas in psychological medicine under conditions that are fairly comparable
in the standard of the tests and in the duration of the courses ; the details on these points can be obtained from the various examination bodies.
University of London In London, courses of instruction for the Diploma in Psychological Medicine are given annually at the Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, which is a school of the University of London. The course consists of two parts, commencing in January, and is adapted also for the diploma of the Conjoint Board. A similar course is held at the Bethlem Royal Hospital in association with St. Bartholomew’s Hospital medical school. Comprehensive courses of instruction in the psychoneuroses, child disorders, and delinquency are given at the Tavistock Clinic which is now recognised as a teaching centre for the diploma. University of Durham The university grants a diploma in psychiatry, and at the Medical School, King’s College, Newcastleupon-Tyne, there is a department of instruction in psychological medicine. The candidate must be a registered medical practitioner, and subsequent to qualification have received instruction in anatomy and physiology of the brain and nervous system. The examination is divided into two parts, Part I. dealing with anatomy, physiology, pathology, and bacteriology ; Part II. with psychology and experimental psychology. Candidates may present themselves for the whole examination or for either part separately. The course of training is very detailed, post-mortem technique being the subject of a series of sessions, the same holding good for psychiatry and experimental psychology.
SPECIAL DIPLOMAS Part I.—The duration of training is about five some of the centres stating the period as not less than 280 hours. The usual division of subjects THE following epitomises the instruction given at is as follows: Candidates will be admissible to various universities and centres of medical education examination on producing evidence of having attended to medical men desiring to obtain diplomas in sanitary during not less than 280 hours at a recognised instituscience, public health,hygiene, or State medicine, tion, practical instruction in (a) bacteriology and Resolutions and parasitology (including as the diploma is variously called. immunology, serology and rules, designed with a view of ensuring " the possession medical entomology), especially in their relation to of a distinctively high proficiency, scientific and diseases of man and to those diseases of the lower practical, in all branches of study which concern the animals which are transmissible to man ; (b) chemistry, public health," have been adopted at various times by physics, radiology, and electrology in relation to the General Medical Council, by whom the diploma public health ; (c) physiology and biochemistry in is registrable and whose rules become binding on the their application to nutrition and hygiene; (d) educational bodies concerned. meteorology and climatology in relation to public LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL health. The examinations are held at most centres MEDICINE.—The course of study for the Diploma in twice a year, and the candidates must pass in all the Public Health will commence on Sept. 28th in the specified subjects at one time. premises in Keppel-street (Gower-street), the gift of Part II.—The duration of training consists of the Rockefeller Foundation, which has excellent instruction during not less than 120 hours at a laboratories and research rooms, a fine lecture theatre recognised institution in the following subjects : and classrooms, library, and museum. The course, (a) the principles of public health and sanitation ; which will extend over a period of nine months of (b) epidemiology and vital statistics ; (c) sanitary law whole-time study, is designed in compliance with the and administration ; (d) sanitary construction and requirements of the General Medical Council, and planning. A second part of the examination includes will enable students to proceed to the academic practical examinations in infectious diseases, food Diploma in Public Health of London University. inspection and inspection of premises, dwelling-houses, The curriculum has been planned on very practical schools, factories, workshops, bakeries, dairies and lines, and includes, in addition to work with medical cowsheds. officers of health in selected areas, a large number of While Part II. of the examination entails the visits to places of public health interest. The course acquirement of similar knowledge at all the centres, also includes provision for the necessary instruction the details of the training differ at certain pointsin infectious disease and hospital management, e.g., where the candidate is using the examination lectures and demonstrations on physiology applied also for obtaining a university degree in public health. to hygiene and industry, medical industrial psychology, Intending candidates must, therefore, apply to the and sanitary engineering. A series of lectures by selected centre for information. authorities on special subjects is open to members of the medical profession as well as to students of the School. The London County Council, the City of TROPICAL MEDICINE London, and various other bodies have placed their resources at the disposal of the School for teaching Although a qualification in tropical medicine has purposes. A course on mental deficiency is provided not been made registrable by statute, a diploma is which members of the public health class may attend. The course is designed to enable qualified medical regarded as indispensable for appointments in the Service and similar positions abroad. practitioners to secure recognition by the Board of Colonial Medical for these diplomas is given at instruction Systematic Education as certifying officers, so far as elementary school-children are concerned, under the Mental the Incorporated Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (founded in 1898) and at the London School of Deficiency Acts. Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel-street, GowerROYAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH.—Facilities street, London, W.C. ; while the University of are offered here (23, Queen-square, London, W.C.1) Edinburgh and the English Conjoint Board grant a for students training for the D.P.H. There are welldiploma. equipped laboratories where practical instruction is given in chemistry, bacteriology, immunology, and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine public health subjects, and analyses are undertaken, The course of instruction in tropical medicine and both chemical and bacteriological, of milk, water, and hygiene is divided into two parts : Part I., a three sewage effluents, providing excellent teaching material. months’ course in clinical and laboratory instruction, and Part II., a two months’ course in tropical clinical The Course of Study medicine, elementary bacteriology, and tropical A diploma of D.P.H. is granted by the Universities hygiene. The examinations of the Conjoint Board of London, Durham, Birmingham, Wales, Aberdeen, follow closely upon the end of the corresponding Edinburgh, Glasgow, St. Andrews, Dublin (Trinity course of study. The course is recognised by the College), and the English, Scottish, and Irish Conjoint University of London as a course for associate students. Boards. The course of study is fairly identical in all The dates of the courses for the session 1937-38 the centres, as would be expected for a registrable are as follows :title. It extends over twelve calendar months, or Part I.: Sept. 27th to Dec. 17th, 1937 ; Tan. 3rd an academic year of full-time study covering a period to March 25th, 1938 ; April 4th to June 24th, 1938. of not less than nine calendar months, subsequent to Part 77. :: Jan. 17th to March 18th, 1938 ; April the attainment of a registrable degree or diploma. 19th to June 17th, 1938. At several of the universities it is stated that a certain The course of instruction under Part I. includes part of the course must be pursued locally, while at clinical tropical medicine, applied pathology, and others there is a’proviso that evidence shall be produced of attendance at courses of institutions approved medical zoology. Part II.* comprises instruction by the university or licensing body ; such particular in clinical tropical medicine, elementary bacteriology, instruction can be obtained from the centres on tropical hygiene, including, in relation to hygiene, anthropology, and vital and medical statistics. application. At all the centres the course is divided into two * Andrew Balfour Memorial Fund provides two studentParts and candidates must pass Part I. before shipsThe in the year, which carry free tuition in Part II. of the Course. proceeding to Part II.
PUBLIC HEALTH
months,
546 Part I, is
arranged, in three self-contained groups to allow of the admission of a student at the beginning of any block of work, subject to a place in the laboratory being available. Accordingly, applications can be received for admission to the classes of protozoology and hsematology (approximately four weeks), or in helminthology (approximately four weeks), or in entomology (approximately four weeks). The instruction in the Division of Clinical Tropical Medicine is given by the medical staff of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases The resources of the and by visiting lecturers. hospitals of the Seamen’s Hospital Society at Gordonstreet, at the Albert Docks, and elsewhere, are available for the instruction of the students at the blocks,
or
so as
School.
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine The Liverpool University Diploma of Tropical Medicine (D.T.M.) is open only to those who possess a qualification to practise medicine recognised by the university, and who have been through a full The subjects course of instruction at this school. of examination are (a) Parasitology ; (b) Entomology ;
{c) Tropical Medicine, including Ætiology, Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Tropical
Diseases. The course consists entirelv of Practical and Clinical work, given at the Laboratory at the University, and at a recognised hospital in which beds are specially reserved for Tropical Diseases. Applications should be made to the Dean of the Medical Faculty, University of Liverpool. The University also grants a Diploma in Tropical Hygiene (D.T.H.). The subjects of examination are
{a) Tropical Hygiene (including Sanitary Engineering, Vital
Statistics and Epidemiology, and Applied Parasitology and Entomology ; (b) Practical Sanitation ; (c) Bacteriology; (d) Chemistry (including Meteorology and Climatology). Accommodation for research work is to be had at the University Laboratory. The Mary Kingsley Medal is awarded by the school for distinguished work in connexion with Tropical Medicine.
University
of
Edinburgh
Candidates for the
Diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene must be graduates in medicine and surgery of the University of Edinburgh or hold corresponding registrable degrees or qualifications of some other licensing body, or of other universities or medical schools specially recognised. The course of instruction, comprising a primary and a second course, is given during the autumn and spring terms, October to March, and includes Tropical Hygiene, Bacteriology, Entomology and Parasitology, Diseases of Tropical Climates (systematic and clinical), Tuberculosis, and Venereal Diseases. Provision is made in the University for instruction in all subjects. The examinations are written, oral, and practical, and are held at the end of the courses : Part I. in December, and Part II. in March. Candidates are required on the first occasion of presenting themselves for examination in either part to appear for all the subjects of that part. Candidates who fail to pass the entire examination in either part within a period of 12 months after first appearance are required to reappear for all the subjects. The University is included in the list of institutions in which courses of instruction in Tropical Medicine may be taken by officers on appointment to the Colonial Medical Services or during study-leave. Full particulars can be obtained from the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. English Conjoint a
Board
The Board conducts an examination three times year for the D.T.M. and H. granted by the Royal
in January, April, and July. The examination is in two parts which may be taken together or separately, but candidates are not allowed to take Part II. until they have passed in Part I.
Colleges-namely,
Part I. consists of written, oral, and practical examinations in Protozoology, Entomology and Helminthology in relation to Tropical Diseases; Principles of Sanitation-water-supplies, disposal of waste matters, hygiene of buildings; personal hygiene in the tropics. Part II. consists of written, oral, and clinical examinations in Tropical Medicine and Surgery, including Clinical Pathology ; Tropical Hygiene, including elementary epidemiology and vital statistics, and administrative measures for the prevention and control of disease in the tropics; Bacteriology in relation to Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. The examination is open to candidates possessing either a qualification in medicine, surgery, and midwifery which is registrable in the British Medical Register, or the medical and surgical degrees of an Indian, Colonial, or Foreign University recognised by the Examining Board in England. Candidates intending to present themselves for either part of the examination, must give notice in writing to the Secretary of the Examining Board not less than 21 days before the date of Part I., submitting, at the same time, evidence that they have completed the courses of study required by the regulations. The course of study for Part I. extends over three months, and the course for Part II., which may be taken concurrently with that for Part I., extends over five months. The Committee of Management may modify the conditions of the regulations with regard to admission to the examination in the case of candidates (a) who have been engaged in medical work in tropical countries; (b) who produce evidence of having been engaged in original investigations in tropical medicine or hygiene. No exemption is granted from any subject of the examination. Copies of the regulations and further particulars may be obtained, free of charge, from the Secretary, Examination Hall, Queen-square, London,
W.C.I.
____________
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE The Universities of London, Durham, Leeds, Manchester, Edinburgh, Dublin (Trinity College), Ireland (National University), and the English Conjoint Board grant diplomas in psychological medicine under conditions that are fairly comparable
in the standard of the tests and in the duration of the courses ; the details on these points can be obtained from the various examination bodies.
University of London In London, courses of instruction for the Diploma in Psychological Medicine are given annually at the Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, which is a school of the University of London. The course consists of two parts, commencing in January, and is adapted also for the diploma of the Conjoint Board. A similar course is held at the Bethlem Royal Hospital in association with St. Bartholomew’s Hospital medical school. Comprehensive courses of instruction in the psychoneuroses, child disorders, and delinquency are given at the Tavistock Clinic which is now recognised as a teaching centre for the diploma. University of Durham The university grants a diploma in psychiatry, and at the Medical School, King’s College, Newcastleupon-Tyne, there is a department of instruction in psychological medicine. The candidate must be a registered medical practitioner, and subsequent to qualification have received instruction in anatomy and physiology of the brain and nervous system. The examination is divided into two parts, Part I. dealing with anatomy, physiology, pathology, and bacteriology ; Part II. with psychology and experimental psychology. Candidates may present themselves for the whole examination or for either part separately. The course of training is very detailed, post-mortem technique being the subject of a series of sessions, the same holding good for psychiatry and experimental psychology.